中南林业科技大学学报

氮磷钾配比施肥对滇皂荚幼苗生长和生理的影响

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罗婷 , 付玉嫔 , 孟梦

中南林业科技大学学报 | 林学 2026,46(5): 39-47

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中南林业科技大学学报 |林学 2026 , 46 (5) : 39 -47

氮磷钾配比施肥对滇皂荚幼苗生长和生理的影响

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罗婷, 付玉嫔, 孟梦

作者信息

云南省林业和草原科学院，云南　昆明　650201

通讯作者:

孟梦（ynkmmeng@126.com），副研究员，硕士。

作者简介:

罗婷（369225700@qq.com），助理研究员，硕士。

Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio fertilization on the growth and physiology of Gleditsia japonica var. delavayi seedlings

Ting LUO, Yupin FU, Meng MENG

Affiliations

Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China

出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.005

文章导航

摘要

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【目的】

为了探究不同配比氮磷钾施肥条件下滇皂荚幼苗的生长和生理响应机制，建立滇皂荚幼苗最佳施肥技术方案，为其育苗提供理论依据。

【方法】

以2月龄滇皂荚幼苗为研究对象，根据“3414”配方施肥方案，设计氮磷钾3因素4水平试验，氮施肥量分别为0 g/株（N₀）、2.8 g/株（N₁）、5.6 g/株（N₂）、8.4 g/株（N₃），磷施肥量分别为0 g/株（P₀）、0.7 g/株（P₁）、1.4 g/株（P₂）、2.1 g/株（P₃），钾施肥量分别为0 g/株（K₀）、1.4 g/株（K₁）、2.8 g/株（K₂）、4.2 g/株（K₃），研究不同氮磷钾配比施肥对滇皂荚幼苗超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量、脯氨酸（Pro）含量、可溶性蛋白质（SP）含量、可溶性糖（SS）含量6个生理指标和株高、地径、干质量3个生长指标的影响。

【结果】

与对照组（不施肥）相比，合理的氮磷钾配比施肥可显著促进滇皂荚幼苗的生长发育及生理活性。从单因素效应来看，配比施肥条件下滇皂荚幼苗整体表现出对P肥的依赖性最强；互作效应中，P肥与K肥的交互作用进一步证实适量施用N肥可有效促进幼苗的生长，而N肥与P肥的交互作用可能影响根系发育。P肥对滇皂荚幼苗地径和干质量分配的调控作用较为明显。在生理胁迫条件下，MDA、SS含量显著升高，SOD、CAT活性及Pro、SP含量则下降。N₂K₁（中氮低钾）施肥组合在多个生理指标上表现出较好的效果；N肥能提高滇皂荚幼苗的抗氧化能力及渗透调节物质含量，P肥则对SP含量的影响较大。除MDA、SS含量随着N、P、K施肥量的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势外，其余各项指标均随着N、P、K施肥量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势。过量施肥（N₃P₂K₂、N₂P₃K₂、N₂P₂K₃）均明显抑制滇皂荚幼苗的生长。

【结论】

合理的氮磷钾配比施肥可有效促进滇皂荚幼苗的生长及生理生化过程，N₁P₂K₂处理是其幼苗的最佳施肥方案。根据拟合的一元二次方程，理论上滇皂荚幼苗的最佳氮、磷、钾施肥量分别为3.2、1.6和2.2 g/株。

关键词

滇皂荚 / 生长指标 / 生理指标 / 氮磷钾配比施肥

Abstract

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【Objective】

In order to explore the growth and physiological response mechanism of Gleditsia japonica var delavayi seedlings under different ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization, and to establish the best fertilization technology scheme for Gleditsia japonica var delavayi seedlings, so as to provide theoretical basis for its seedling raising.

【Method】

In this study, 2-month-old Gleditsia japonica var delavayi seedlings were used as the research object, The application rates for N₀, N₁, N₂, and N₃ are 0 g/plant, 2.8 g/plant, 5.6 g/plant, and 8.4 g/plant, respectively; for P₀, P₁, P₂, and P₃ are 0 g/plant, 0.7 g/plant, 1.4 g/plant, and 2.1 g/plant, respectively; and for K₀, K₁, K₂, and K₃ are 0 g/plant, 1.4 g/plant, 2.8 g/plant, and 4.2 g/plant, respectively. The effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio fertilization on six physiological indexes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro), soluble protein (SP) and soluble sugar (SS) and three growth indexes of plant height, ground diameter and dry weight of Gleditsia japonica var delavayi seedlings were studied.

【Result】

Compared with the control group, reasonable fertilization could significantly promote the growth and physiological activity of G. yunnanensis seedlings. Under the ratio of fertilization, the overall performance is the strongest dependence on P fertilizer; in the interaction effect, the PK interaction further confirmed the promotion effect of appropriate nitrogen fertilizer on seedling growth, the NP interaction may affect root development, and P fertilizer has a significant effect on ground diameter and dry weight distribution. Under physiological stress, the contents of MDA and SS increased significantly, while the contents of SOD, CAT, Pro and SP decreased. N₂K₁ (Medium nitrogen and low potassium) fertilization combination showed good results in many physiological indexes. N fertilizer can improve the antioxidant capacity and osmotic adjustment substance content of plants, and P fertilizer has a greater impact on SP. Except MDA and SS decreased first and then increased with the increase of N, P and K fertilization, the other indexes increased first and then decreased with the increase of N, P and K fertilization. Excessive fertilization (N₃P₂K₂, N₂P₃K₂, N₂P₂K₃) significantly inhibited seedling growth.

【Conclusion】

Reasonable fertilization can enhance the growth and physiological and biochemical processes of Gleditsia japonica var delavayi seedlings, and low nitrogen, medium phosphorus and low potassium (N₁P₂K₂) treatment is the best fertilization scheme for its seedlings. According to the fitted quadratic equation, the optimum nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application rates of Gleditsia japonica var delavayi seedlings were 3.2 g/plant, 1.6 g/plant and 2.2 g/plant, respectively.

Key words

Gleditsia japonica var. delavayi / growth indicators / physiological indicators / N, P, K ratio fertilization

引用本文

罗婷, 付玉嫔, 孟梦. 氮磷钾配比施肥对滇皂荚幼苗生长和生理的影响. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2026 , 46 (5) : 39 -47 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.005

Ting LUO, Yupin FU, Meng MENG. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio fertilization on the growth and physiology of Gleditsia japonica var. delavayi seedlings[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2026 , 46 (5) : 39 -47 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.005

基金

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中央财政林草科技推广项目(〔2024〕TG26)

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2026年第46卷第5期

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doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.005

接收时间：2025-05-12
首发时间：2026-10-30
出版时间：2026-05-25

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收稿日期：2025-05-12
修回日期：2025-06-30

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中央财政林草科技推广项目(〔2024〕TG26)

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云南省林业和草原科学院，云南　昆明　650201

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孟梦（ynkmmeng@126.com），副研究员，硕士。

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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