中南林业科技大学学报

亚低温冷冻对蒙古栎和麻栎种子生活力及生理特性的影响

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魏俊 ¹^,² , 周永红 ¹ , 曲悦慈 ¹ , 杨小欢 ¹ , 艾万峰 ¹^,² , 王俊男 ³ , 陆秀君 ¹^,²

中南林业科技大学学报 | 林学 2026,46(5): 22-28

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中南林业科技大学学报 |林学 2026 , 46 (5) : 22 -28

亚低温冷冻对蒙古栎和麻栎种子生活力及生理特性的影响

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魏俊¹^,², 周永红¹, 曲悦慈¹, 杨小欢¹, 艾万峰¹^,², 王俊男³, 陆秀君¹^,²

作者信息

^1.沈阳农业大学　林学院，辽宁　沈阳　110866

^2.辽宁省森林培育重点实验室，辽宁　沈阳　110866

^3.彰武县国有胜利林场，辽宁　阜新　123216

通讯作者:

陆秀君（lxjsyau@syau.edu.cn），教授，博士。

作者简介:

魏俊（junwei@syau.edu.cn），讲师，博士。

Effect of subzero temperature on seed viability and physiological characteristics of Quercus mongolica and Quercus acutissima

Jun WEI¹^,², Yonghong ZHOU¹, Yueci QU¹, Xiaohuan YANG¹, Wanfeng AI¹^,², Junnan WANG³, Xiujun LU¹^,²

Affiliations

^1.College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China

^2.Key laboratory for Silviculture of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China

^3.Shengli State Forest Farm, Zhangwu Country, Fuxin 123216, Liaoning, China

出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.003

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摘要

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【目的】

探究蒙古栎与麻栎种子低温耐受性差异及其潜在生理机制，为栎树种子有效贮藏提供理论参考。

【方法】

以新收获1周内的蒙古栎与麻栎种子为研究对象，模拟自然环境条件开展试验，将成熟种子依次置于0、-2、-4、-5、-6、-8、-10、-12、-14 ℃的亚低温梯度环境中进行冻藏，每个温度梯度下的处理时长均为7 d。定期取样并检测种子发芽率，比较蒙古栎与麻栎种子低温耐受性差异，探究小分子糖、可溶性蛋白、淀粉等内含物含量的变化。将种子置于-3 ℃条件下贮藏1 a后，检测种子贮藏前后的生活力相关指标，探究亚低温贮藏策略。

【结果】

1）蒙古栎与麻栎种子低温耐受性差异显著。随着冻藏温度的降低，蒙古栎与麻栎种子生活力先保持平缓而后快速下降，蒙古栎种子可耐受约-8 ℃低温，而麻栎种子最低耐受温度约为-5 ℃，随着贮藏温度的进一步降低，种子生活力急剧下降。2）果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖等小分子糖含量随贮藏温度的降低而积累，但棉子糖、水苏糖、乳糖、半乳糖、木糖、核糖和鼠李糖未检出或痕量存在。3）蒙古栎与麻栎种子可溶性蛋白于-2 ℃贮藏时含量最高，淀粉含量随贮藏温度的降低而降低，丙二醛含量则随温度的降低而升高。4）蒙古栎与麻栎种子于-3 ℃冻藏1 a后，种子相对发芽率仍可达93.6%以上，保持较高生活力。

【结论】

蒙古栎种子低温耐受性强于麻栎种子，可溶性蛋白、淀粉、蔗糖在低温耐受调控中发挥重要作用，棉子糖、水苏糖等非还原性糖的缺失可能是导致蒙古栎与麻栎种子表现出顽拗型特征的主要原因之一。蒙古栎与麻栎种子在亚低温-3 ℃保持高生活力，表明顽拗型种子采用亚低温冻藏是可行的。

关键词

蒙古栎 / 麻栎 / 顽拗型种子 / 低温耐受性 / 亚低温贮藏 / 小分子糖

Abstract

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【Objective】

To investigate the differential low-temperature tolerance and the the underlying physiological mechanisms between Q. mongolica and Q. acutissima seeds, and to provide theoretical insights for improving oak seed storage.

【Method】

Freshly harvested Q. mongolica and Q. acutissima seeds within one week were used as experimental materials. The experiment was conducted under simulated natural environmental conditions. After seed maturation, the seeds were stored sequentially at 0, -2, -4, -5, -6, -8, -10, -12, and -14 ℃ for cryopreservation, with each temperature gradient maintained for 7 days. Regular sampling was conducted to monitor germination percentage, comparing the seeds' low-temperature tolerance differences between the two oak species. Additionally, changes in the contents of small-molecule sugars, soluble proteins and starch were analyzed. The seeds were stored at -3 ℃ for one year, after which changes in seed viability indicators before and after storage were measured to investigate the subzero non-freezing storage strategy.

【Result】

The low-temperature tolerance of Q. mongolica and Q. acutissima seeds differed significantly. As the temperature decreased, seed viability initially remained stable but then declined rapidly. Q. mongolica seeds could tolerate temperatures as low as approximately -8℃, whereas Q. acutissima seeds had a minimum tolerance threshold of around -5℃. Beyond these thresholds, seed viability sharply decreased. The contents of small-molecular sugars such as fructose, glucose, and sucrose were induced to accumulate with decreasing temperatures. However, raffinose, stachyose, lactose, galactose, xylose, ribose, and rhamnose were nearly undetectable. Soluble protein in both Q. mongolica and Q. acutissima seeds peaked at -2℃, while starch gradually declined with lower temperatures. In contrast, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased as temperatures decreased. After one year of cryopreservation at -3℃, the seeds of both species maintained a high viability, with a relative germination rate still exceeding 93.6%.

【Conclusion】

The seeds of Q. mongolica exhibited stronger low-temperature tolerance than those of Q. acutissima. Soluble proteins, starch, and sucrose played crucial roles in regulating seeds' cold tolerance, while the absence of non-reducing sugars such as raffinose and stachyose may be one of the primary factors contributing to the recalcitrant nature of both oak species. Both Q. mongolica and Q. acutissima seeds maintained high viability when stored at -3℃, demonstrating the feasibility of subzero non-freezing storage for recalcitrant seeds. These findings provide important insights for developing effective storage protocols for Quercus species with recalcitrant seeds.

Key words

Quercus mongolica / Quercus acutissima / recalcitrant seed / cold-tolerance / subzero non-freezing storage / small-molecule sugars

引用本文

魏俊, 周永红, 曲悦慈, 杨小欢, 艾万峰, 王俊男, 陆秀君. 亚低温冷冻对蒙古栎和麻栎种子生活力及生理特性的影响. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2026 , 46 (5) : 22 -28 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.003

Jun WEI, Yonghong ZHOU, Yueci QU, Xiaohuan YANG, Wanfeng AI, Junnan WANG, Xiujun LU. Effect of subzero temperature on seed viability and physiological characteristics of Quercus mongolica and Quercus acutissima[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2026 , 46 (5) : 22 -28 . DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.003

基金

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辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2024-BSLH-281)

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2026年第46卷第5期

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文章信息

doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.003

接收时间：2025-05-16
首发时间：2026-10-30
出版时间：2026-05-25

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-05-16
修回日期：2025-08-24

基金

辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2024-BSLH-281)

作者信息

^1.沈阳农业大学　林学院，辽宁　沈阳　110866

^2.辽宁省森林培育重点实验室，辽宁　沈阳　110866

^3.彰武县国有胜利林场，辽宁　阜新　123216

通讯作者:

陆秀君（lxjsyau@syau.edu.cn），教授，博士。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/znlykj/CN/10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2026.05.003

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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