智能化农业装备学报（中英文）

苹果园生产管理智能机械化技术与装备研究进展与展望

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李建平 ¹^,² , 李绍波 ¹ , 杨欣 ¹^,² , 张阔 ¹ , 谢金燕 ¹ , 刘树腾 ¹ , 姜尊豪 ¹ , 张詝 ¹ , 王朋 ¹

智能化农业装备学报（中英文） | 2024,5(4): 66-83

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智能化农业装备学报（中英文） | 2024 , 5 (4) : 66 -83

苹果园生产管理智能机械化技术与装备研究进展与展望

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李建平¹^,², 李绍波¹, 杨欣¹^,², 张阔¹, 谢金燕¹, 刘树腾¹, 姜尊豪¹, 张詝¹, 王朋¹

作者信息

^1.河北农业大学机电工程学院，河北保定，071001

^2.河北省智慧农业装备技术创新中心，河北保定，071001

作者简介:

李建平，男，1978年生，河北平山人，硕士，教授；研究方向为果园生产管理机械化及智能装备。E-mail：ljpnd327@126.com

Research progress on intelligent mechanization technology and equipment for apple orchard production management

Jianping LI¹^,², Shaobo LI¹, Xin YANG¹^,², Kuo ZHANG¹, Jinyan XIE¹, Shuteng LIU¹, Zunhao JIANG¹, Zhu ZHANG¹, Peng WANG¹

Affiliations

^1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China

^2.Technology Innovation Center of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Hebei Provincial, Baoding 071001, China

出版时间: 2024-11-15 doi: 10.12398/j.issn.2096-7217.2024.04.005

文章导航

摘要

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苹果园生产管理面临着劳动力成本上升和人口老龄化的双重挑战，为提高作业效率、降低生产成本、提升果品质量，机械化、智能化技术在苹果园生产管理中的应用愈来愈重要。研究综述宽行密植和间伐提干改造园宜机化作业栽培模式立地条件下苹果园生产管理中智能机械化技术的研究进展；阐述分析果园割草、施药、花果管理、果实采收运输、果树枝条处理等关键环节的机械化技术与装备、智能化技术与装备研究进展，发现现阶段尽管灌溉和施肥等环节机械化程度较高，修剪、疏花、疏果、套袋取袋、采摘等环节仍依赖人工，机械化程度低；且智能技术如无人机、物联网在果园管理中的应用尚不广泛，精准农业和自动化控制等方面有待加强；现有技术独立发展，缺少有效集成，影响生产效率和果品质量提升；技术集成度不高与数据采集与分析能力不足等问题。针对现阶段智慧果园建设的技术模式，需要研发适应不同立地条件的果园机械装备，创建全程机械化示范基地；重点研发关键生产环节的机械化智能化技术，推广易操控的智能机械；利用多源信息感知设备，实现果园环境信息的数字化感知；进行智能决策和精准作业，提高作业效率和质量，通过智慧果园运维系统实现任务分配与调度、作业控制与监测的需求，为构建苹果园生产全程机械化典型应用场景提供技术支撑。

关键词

苹果园 / 宜机化作业 / 智能化 / 割草 / 施药 / 采收运

Abstract

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Apple orchard production management is faced with the double challenge of rising labor costs and population aging. In order to improve operational efficiency, reduce production costs and improve fruit quality, the application of mechanization and intelligent technology in apple orchard production management is becoming more and more important. This paper summarizes the research progress of intelligent mechanization technology in apple orchard production and management under the conditions of wide rows and dense planting and inter-logging and stemming cultivation mode; and the research progress of mechanization technology and equipment and intelligent technology and equipment in key links such as orchard mowing, herbicide application, flower and fruit management, fruit harvest and transportation, and fruit tree branch processing is analyzed. it is found that although the mechanization degree of irrigation and fertilization is relatively high at this stage, pruning, flower thinning, fruit thinning, bagging, picking and other links still rely on manual labor and have a low degree of mechanization; and the application of intelligent technologies such as drones and the Internet of Things in orchard management is not yet widespread, and precision agriculture and automated control need to be strengthened; the existing technologies develop independently and lack effective integration, which affects the improvement of production efficiency and fruit quality; the technology integration is not high and the data collection and analysis capabilities are insufficient. For the current stage of intelligent orchard construction technology model, we need to research and develop orchard machinery and equipment adapted to different terrain conditions, and create a demonstration base for the whole process of mechanization; focus on research and development of mechanized intelligent technology for key production links, and promote easy-to-manipulate intelligent machinery; use multi-source information sensing equipment to realize the digital perception of orchard environmental information; carry out intelligent decision-making and precise operation to improve operational efficiency and quality, and realize mission tasks through the intelligent orchard operation and maintenance system. Intelligent orchard operation and maintenance system realizes the demand for task allocation and scheduling, operation control and monitoring, and provides technical support for building typical application scenarios of mechanization of the whole apple orchard production.

Key words

apple orchards / mechanized operations / intelligence / mowing / application / harvesting and transportation

引用本文

李建平, 李绍波, 杨欣, 张阔, 谢金燕, 刘树腾, 姜尊豪, 张詝, 王朋. 苹果园生产管理智能机械化技术与装备研究进展与展望. 智能化农业装备学报（中英文）, 2024 , 5 (4) : 66 -83 . DOI: 10.12398/j.issn.2096-7217.2024.04.005

Jianping LI, Shaobo LI, Xin YANG, Kuo ZHANG, Jinyan XIE, Shuteng LIU, Zunhao JIANG, Zhu ZHANG, Peng WANG. Research progress on intelligent mechanization technology and equipment for apple orchard production management[J]. Journal of Intelligent Agricultural Mechanization, 2024 , 5 (4) : 66 -83 . DOI: 10.12398/j.issn.2096-7217.2024.04.005

基金

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河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(HBCT2024150202)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项项目(CARS-27)

参考文献

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2024年第5卷第4期

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doi: 10.12398/j.issn.2096-7217.2024.04.005

接收时间：2024-05-08
首发时间：2026-11-05
出版时间：2024-11-15

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收稿日期：2024-05-08
修回日期：2024-06-28

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河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(HBCT2024150202)

国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项项目(CARS-27)

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^1.河北农业大学机电工程学院，河北保定，071001

^2.河北省智慧农业装备技术创新中心，河北保定，071001

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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