Article(id=1317882089316405808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, issueId=1317882040293376452, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12133/j.smartag.SA202605012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1778342400000, receivedDateStr=2026-05-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792137175158, onlineDateStr=2026-10-16, pubDate=1785340800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792137175158, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792137175158, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792137175158, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1317882040293376452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, year='2026', volume='8', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='267', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785340800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792137163470, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792137254218, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1317882421022933964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, issueId=1317882040293376452, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1317882421027128269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, issueId=1317882040293376452, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=17, endPage=34, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1317882089576452658, articleId=1317882089316405808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, language=EN, title=Research Progress on Intelligent Measurement Technologies for Livestock Body-Size Phenotypes Based on 3D Point Clouds, columnId=1317882089492566577, journalTitle=Smart Agriculture, columnName=Overview Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
[Significance] Livestock body-size parameters are important phenotypic indicators for evaluating growth and development, body condition, production performance, genetic evaluation, and breeding selection. Traditional manual measurement is time-consuming, labor-intensive, operator-dependent, and may induce stress and safety risks during animal restraint. Although two-dimensional imaging enables non-contact measurement, its lack of depth information limits the accurate estimation of girth-related traits and local body morphology. By directly describing three-dimensional body-surface structures, point clouds provide a promising basis for automated and objective livestock phenotyping. The aim of this review is to systematically summarize advances in three-dimensional point cloud-based livestock body measurement, to clarify the main technical workflow and methodological routes, to compare their characteristics and application scenarios, and to identify key challenges and research priorities for intelligent three-dimensional phenotyping and smart livestock farming. [Progress] Three-dimensional point cloud technology can reconstruct livestock body structures while retaining the advantages of non-contact measurement. It can be used for measuring linear traits, such as body length, body height, and body width; girth-related traits, including chest girth, abdominal girth, rump girth, and cannon circumference; and local morphological features such as rump shape, hindquarter fullness, and limb and hoof structure. With pigs, cattle, and sheep as the main research objects, this review examines the technical workflow of point cloud acquisition, preprocessing, completion, segmentation, keypoint localization, and body-size calculation. Livestock point cloud acquisition sensors and fixed and mobile acquisition schemes are summarized. Preprocessing methods, including multi-view registration, filtering and denoising, posture normalization, and point cloud completion, are reviewed. These procedures can reduce background interference, motion distortion, occlusion, data loss, and posture variation, thereby improving measurement consistency. Two technical routes for body-size measurement are discussed. In the first route, anatomical keypoints are directly localized from RGB images, depth images, or point clouds using geometric features, projection analysis, curvature, skeleton models, or deep learning-based detectors. This route is suitable for linear measurements under standardized postures. In the second route, the animal is first segmented into anatomically relevant regions, after which keypoints or measurement sections are identified within the corresponding regions. By narrowing the search space, segmentation-based methods can reduce interference from unrelated body parts and are particularly suitable for variable postures, partial occlusion, and girth-related measurements. After keypoint localization or section determination, linear traits are generally calculated using Euclidean distances, whereas girth traits are estimated through contour extraction, curve fitting, and accumulated curve length. Overall, a development trend from manual annotation and rule-based geometric analysis toward automated methods integrating keypoint detection, point cloud segmentation, regional constraints, posture adaptation, and cross-species transfer is identified. [Conclusions and Prospects] Existing studies indicate that three-dimensional point cloud-based livestock body measurement has promising application prospects for automated, non-contact, and high-precision phenotype acquisition. However, several challenges remain, including unstable point cloud quality in complex farming environments; insufficient robustness, transferability, and edge-deployment capability of algorithms; limited multi-species and multi-posture datasets; and inconsistent definitions, annotations, and evaluation metrics. Future research should focus on improving acquisition accuracy, synchronization, and environmental adaptability and developing low-cost, lightweight, and reliable systems. Multimodal fusion of depth cameras, LiDAR, and RGB images, together with mobile platforms and multi-view acquisition, should be investigated for continuous measurement of group-housed animals. Robust, lightweight, and transferable models should be developed through self-supervised or unsupervised pretraining, semi-supervised learning, transfer learning, model pruning, knowledge distillation, and lightweight feature extraction. Open datasets should cover multiple species, breeds, growth stages, postures, and farming scenarios, accompanied by unified keypoint definitions, anatomical annotations, data partitions, and error metrics. In addition, body-size measurements should be integrated with body condition scoring, local morphological evaluation, growth and development monitoring, production performance analysis, genetic evaluation, and breeding selection. This will promote the transition from geometric parameter extraction to intelligent three-dimensional phenotypic analysis, ultimately achieving accurate, real-time, and high-throughput automatic livestock body measurement for precision feeding and smart livestock farming.
, authors=Haiyan WANG
1, 2, Zechen LI
1, Jusong CAO
1, Xuan LI
2, Jiawei LI
1, Guoliang LI
1, Xuewen XU
3, authorsList=Haiyan WANG, Zechen LI, Jusong CAO, Xuan LI, Jiawei LI, Guoliang LI, Xuewen XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xuewen XU, authorNote=
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, copyrightStatement=copyright©2026 by the authors, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1317882092646683203, articleId=1317882089316405808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, language=CN, title=基于三维点云的家畜体尺表型智能测定技术研究进展, columnId=1317882089710670387, journalTitle=智慧农业(中英文), columnName=综合研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
【目的/意义】 家畜体尺参数是评价生长发育、体况评分、生产性能和遗传改良的重要表型指标。传统人工体尺测量方法效率低、劳动强度大且易引起家畜应激。二维图像方法虽可实现非接触测量,但缺少深度信息,难以准确测量胸围、腹围等围度体尺。三维点云能够表征家畜体表空间结构,为体尺表型测定提供新的非接触式技术途径。本文系统梳理基于三维点云的家畜体尺测量研究进展,为家畜三维表型智能测量与智慧养殖应用提供参考。 【进展】 三维点云技术能够在保持非接触测量优势的基础上重建家畜三维体型结构,不仅可用于体长、体宽、体高等线性体尺测量,还可支持胸围、腹围、管围等围度体尺测量,以及臀部形态、后躯丰满度和肢蹄结构等局部形态特征提取。本文以猪、牛、羊为主要研究对象,围绕点云采集、预处理、补全、分割、关键点定位和体尺计算等流程,归纳了家畜点云采集传感器与采集方案,梳理了多视角配准、滤波降噪、姿态归一化和点云补全等预处理方法,总结了直接定位关键点和基于点云分割定位关键点两类体尺测量路线。 【结论/展望】 现有研究表明,基于三维点云的家畜体尺测量在自动化、非接触、高精度体尺表型测定方面具有良好应用前景,但仍面临复杂养殖环境下点云质量不稳定、模型算法适应性与部署能力不足、多物种多姿态数据集匮乏,以及评价标准不统一等问题。未来应重点发展低成本、轻便可靠的点云采集系统,构建并开源多物种、多姿态、多场景家畜点云数据集,发展鲁棒、轻量、可迁移的点云处理与体尺测量方法,并推进其在边缘计算设备和真实养殖场景中的部署应用。同时,应进一步将体尺测量结果与体况评分、局部形态评价、生长发育监测和生产性能分析相结合,推动三维点云体尺测量由几何参数提取向三维表型智能分析拓展,实现精准、实时、高通量的家畜体尺自动测量。
, authors=王海燕
1, 2, 李泽晨
1, 曹钜松
1, 黎煊
2, 李嘉位
1, 李国亮
1, 徐学文
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1.华中农业大学信息学院,湖北 武汉 430070,中国
2.华中农业大学农业农村部智慧养殖技术重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430070,中国, bio={"content":"
王海燕,博士,副教授,研究方向为动物表型组和智能养殖研究。E-mail:wanghaiyan@mail.hzau.edu.cn
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王海燕,博士,副教授,研究方向为动物表型组和智能养殖研究。E-mail:wanghaiyan@mail.hzau.edu.cn
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Livestock point cloud data collection scenarios, figureFileSmall=FZA2LEV1KGRGUloorOp1Tw==, figureFileBig=1eJ2FE2XxgTeEWW9wSUkHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882095964377724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882089316405808, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
家畜点云数据采集场景[2,26,29,32], figureFileSmall=FZA2LEV1KGRGUloorOp1Tw==, figureFileBig=1eJ2FE2XxgTeEWW9wSUkHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882096148927101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882089316405808, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
3D point cloud of pigs, cattle, and sheep, figureFileSmall=UEBeC7jQTAQ898h1s/3jOg==, figureFileBig=y6DHMyTIsu0v/5yv1xE+0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882096216035966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882089316405808, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
猪、牛、羊三维点云a.猪三维点云 b.牛三维点云 c.羊三维点云
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Point cloud of pig preprocessing workflow, figureFileSmall=2iH5d4tAEZPJEiMZmwW6/w==, figureFileBig=DrnMbFBF5t9z8mRPmp7iAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882096371225216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882089316405808, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
猪点云预处理流程[37], figureFileSmall=2iH5d4tAEZPJEiMZmwW6/w==, figureFileBig=DrnMbFBF5t9z8mRPmp7iAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882096442528385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882089316405808, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Incomplete livestock point cloud, figureFileSmall=WaJV44oOYv4dXm2Z6P+QIA==, figureFileBig=E2Vwq8tuu2N1YmKCu52Scw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882096526414466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882089316405808, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
残缺的家畜点云[58,59]a. 因栏杆遮挡导致缺失 b. 因相机位姿限制导致缺失
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Point cloud completion methods for pigs, cattle, and sheep, figureFileSmall=lMr0TbrgO0Ed+fyUbq5vew==, figureFileBig=QDUXXKYHR2VpALa1wFJ78g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882096669020804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882089316405808, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
猪、牛、羊点云补全方法[57, 60, 61], figureFileSmall=lMr0TbrgO0Ed+fyUbq5vew==, figureFileBig=QDUXXKYHR2VpALa1wFJ78g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882096757101189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882089316405808, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Direct localization of pig body measurement key points, figureFileSmall=4MeaLiWYuOlyHnGeBXu/9g==, figureFileBig=Y54XPEU7RTZMCd2Gl0T2hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882096857764486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882089316405808, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
直接定位猪体尺测量关键点[77], figureFileSmall=4MeaLiWYuOlyHnGeBXu/9g==, figureFileBig=Y54XPEU7RTZMCd2Gl0T2hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882096937456263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882089316405808, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Examples of keypoint localization for body measurements of pigs, cattle, and sheep based on point cloud segmentation, figureFileSmall=qQkfMRpN4oYaBanr8az2nA==, figureFileBig=dboSVl1cTFVxpVmD1o1alA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882097008759432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882089316405808, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
基于点云分割的猪、牛和羊体尺测量关键点定位示例[37, 88, 89]a. 猪点云中的关键点定位 b. 牛点云中的关键点定位 c. 羊点云中的关键点定位
, figureFileSmall=qQkfMRpN4oYaBanr8az2nA==, figureFileBig=dboSVl1cTFVxpVmD1o1alA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882097075868297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882089316405808, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Livestock point cloud data collection schemes
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 数据采集方案 | 代表方案 | 方案特点 | 适用采集场景及对象 | 传感器类型 | 文献 |
|---|
| 固定式 | 定点通道式 | 采集稳定、姿态较易约束;但通道栏杆易造成遮挡 | 圈舍、通道等稳定测量场景;适用于猪、牛、羊 | 深度相机、双目相机、LiDAR | [17, 18, 20, 25, 26] |
| 定点拱门式 | 适合多视角同步采集,采集效率高;但对同步、配准和实时性要求较高 | 高通量、多视角同步采集场景;适用于猪、牛 | 深度相机 | [27-29] |
| 移动式 | 便携手持式 | 设备灵活、搭建简单;但采集效率较低,点云重建流程较复杂 | 临时性、小规模或试验性采集场景;适用于牛 | RGB相机、深度相机 | [2, 23, 24, 30] |
| 设备移动式 | 采集范围大、对养殖环境干扰小;但易受光照、天气和设备移动稳定性影响 | 开放式、放牧式大范围采集场景;适用于牛 | 无人机搭载RGB相机或LiDAR | [31, 32] |
), ArticleFig(id=1317882097147171466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882089316405808, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
家畜点云数据采集方案
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 数据采集方案 | 代表方案 | 方案特点 | 适用采集场景及对象 | 传感器类型 | 文献 |
|---|
| 固定式 | 定点通道式 | 采集稳定、姿态较易约束;但通道栏杆易造成遮挡 | 圈舍、通道等稳定测量场景;适用于猪、牛、羊 | 深度相机、双目相机、LiDAR | [17, 18, 20, 25, 26] |
| 定点拱门式 | 适合多视角同步采集,采集效率高;但对同步、配准和实时性要求较高 | 高通量、多视角同步采集场景;适用于猪、牛 | 深度相机 | [27-29] |
| 移动式 | 便携手持式 | 设备灵活、搭建简单;但采集效率较低,点云重建流程较复杂 | 临时性、小规模或试验性采集场景;适用于牛 | RGB相机、深度相机 | [2, 23, 24, 30] |
| 设备移动式 | 采集范围大、对养殖环境干扰小;但易受光照、天气和设备移动稳定性影响 | 开放式、放牧式大范围采集场景;适用于牛 | 无人机搭载RGB相机或LiDAR | [31, 32] |
), ArticleFig(id=1317882097226863243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882089316405808, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Body measurement standards of livestock
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| 体尺指标 | 猪 | 牛 | 羊 |
|---|
| 体长 | 耳根中点至尾根点的直线距离 | 肩端至坐骨端的直线距离 | 肩端至坐骨端的直线距离 |
| 体高 | 肩胛骨最高点至地面的垂直距离 | 鬐甲最高点至地面的垂直距离 | 鬐甲最高点至地面的垂直距离 |
| 臀宽 | 髋骨间最大宽度 | 腰角外缘间宽度 | 腰角外缘间宽度 |
| 臀高 | 髋骨最高点至地面的垂直距离 | 两腰角连线中点至地面的垂直距离 | 臀部最高点至地面的垂直距离 |
| 臀围 | 两后膝前缘经臀部的周径 | 两腰角与臀端连线中点的水平周径 | 两后膝前缘经臀部的周径 |
| 胸深 | 背部至胸部下缘的垂直距离 | 鬐甲后缘至胸骨底部的垂直距离 | 肩胛骨背线至胸骨的垂直距离 |
| 胸宽 | 肩胛后缘间的最大宽度 | 肩胛后缘间的最大宽度 | 肩胛后缘间的最大宽度 |
| 胸围 | 肩胛后缘处体躯水平周径 | 肩胛后缘处体躯水平周径 | 肩胛后缘处体躯水平周径 |
| 腹围 | 腹部最大水平周径 | 腹部最大水平周径 | 腹部最大水平周径 |
| 管围 | 前肢管骨最小水平周长 | 前肢管骨最小水平周长 | 前肢管骨最小水平周长 |
), ArticleFig(id=1317882097298166412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882089316405808, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
家畜体尺测量标准[13, 74]
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| 体尺指标 | 猪 | 牛 | 羊 |
|---|
| 体长 | 耳根中点至尾根点的直线距离 | 肩端至坐骨端的直线距离 | 肩端至坐骨端的直线距离 |
| 体高 | 肩胛骨最高点至地面的垂直距离 | 鬐甲最高点至地面的垂直距离 | 鬐甲最高点至地面的垂直距离 |
| 臀宽 | 髋骨间最大宽度 | 腰角外缘间宽度 | 腰角外缘间宽度 |
| 臀高 | 髋骨最高点至地面的垂直距离 | 两腰角连线中点至地面的垂直距离 | 臀部最高点至地面的垂直距离 |
| 臀围 | 两后膝前缘经臀部的周径 | 两腰角与臀端连线中点的水平周径 | 两后膝前缘经臀部的周径 |
| 胸深 | 背部至胸部下缘的垂直距离 | 鬐甲后缘至胸骨底部的垂直距离 | 肩胛骨背线至胸骨的垂直距离 |
| 胸宽 | 肩胛后缘间的最大宽度 | 肩胛后缘间的最大宽度 | 肩胛后缘间的最大宽度 |
| 胸围 | 肩胛后缘处体躯水平周径 | 肩胛后缘处体躯水平周径 | 肩胛后缘处体躯水平周径 |
| 腹围 | 腹部最大水平周径 | 腹部最大水平周径 | 腹部最大水平周径 |
| 管围 | 前肢管骨最小水平周长 | 前肢管骨最小水平周长 | 前肢管骨最小水平周长 |
), ArticleFig(id=1317882097356886669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882089316405808, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Livestock body measurement methods based on direct key point localization
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| 采集对象 | 采集方案 | 传感器 | 关键点定位方法 | 体尺计算结果 | 文献 |
|---|
| 牛 | 便携手持式 | 深度相机 | 基于三维表面轮廓、梯度和曲率特征定位关键点 | 多数体尺偏差低于6% | [80] |
| 牛 | 定点拱门式 | 3D扫描仪 | 在三维扫描模型中人工标记关键点 | 6项体尺与人工测量相关系数为0.62~0.89 | [27] |
| 牛 | 便携手持式 | RGB相机 | YOLOv5s检测牛体目标,Lite-HRNet定位体尺关键点,并结合Global-Local Path Networks单目深度估计恢复深度信息 | 4项体尺平均相对误差约7.82% | [24] |
| 牛 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 通过OpenCV图形界面在深度图像中人工选取测点 | 5项体尺平均绝对百分比误差约11.58% | [79] |
| 牛 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 基于点云轮廓曲线、极值点和几何约束定位体尺测量关键点 | 3项体尺平均绝对误差约2.09 cm | [75] |
| 牛、羊 | 便携手持式 | 深度相机 | 改进U-Net分割躯干区域,多阶段密集堆叠沙漏网络定位体尺关键点 | 牛4项体尺平均相对误差为1.09%;羊4项体尺平均相对误差为1.37% | [81] |
| 牛 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 在RGB图像上进行关键点检测定位并投影至点云 | 牛5项体尺平均绝对百分比误差约4.96% | [76] |
| 牛 | 便携手持式 | 深度相机 | 采用改进YOLOv8-Pose模型在RGB图像中定位关键点,并映射至点云坐标系 | 4项体尺平均相对误差约3.80% | [78] |
| 猪 | 定点拱门式 | 深度相机 | 提出测地线距离回归关键点检测法并配合改进PointNet++模型定位 | 6项体尺平均绝对百分比误差为3.90% | [77] |
| 牛 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 采用轻量化YOLOv8-Pose模型在RGB图像中检测关键点,并映射至由深度图生成的三维坐标系 | 6项体尺平均绝对百分比误差约1.28% | [82] |
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基于直接关键点定位的家畜体尺测量方法
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| 采集对象 | 采集方案 | 传感器 | 关键点定位方法 | 体尺计算结果 | 文献 |
|---|
| 牛 | 便携手持式 | 深度相机 | 基于三维表面轮廓、梯度和曲率特征定位关键点 | 多数体尺偏差低于6% | [80] |
| 牛 | 定点拱门式 | 3D扫描仪 | 在三维扫描模型中人工标记关键点 | 6项体尺与人工测量相关系数为0.62~0.89 | [27] |
| 牛 | 便携手持式 | RGB相机 | YOLOv5s检测牛体目标,Lite-HRNet定位体尺关键点,并结合Global-Local Path Networks单目深度估计恢复深度信息 | 4项体尺平均相对误差约7.82% | [24] |
| 牛 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 通过OpenCV图形界面在深度图像中人工选取测点 | 5项体尺平均绝对百分比误差约11.58% | [79] |
| 牛 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 基于点云轮廓曲线、极值点和几何约束定位体尺测量关键点 | 3项体尺平均绝对误差约2.09 cm | [75] |
| 牛、羊 | 便携手持式 | 深度相机 | 改进U-Net分割躯干区域,多阶段密集堆叠沙漏网络定位体尺关键点 | 牛4项体尺平均相对误差为1.09%;羊4项体尺平均相对误差为1.37% | [81] |
| 牛 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 在RGB图像上进行关键点检测定位并投影至点云 | 牛5项体尺平均绝对百分比误差约4.96% | [76] |
| 牛 | 便携手持式 | 深度相机 | 采用改进YOLOv8-Pose模型在RGB图像中定位关键点,并映射至点云坐标系 | 4项体尺平均相对误差约3.80% | [78] |
| 猪 | 定点拱门式 | 深度相机 | 提出测地线距离回归关键点检测法并配合改进PointNet++模型定位 | 6项体尺平均绝对百分比误差为3.90% | [77] |
| 牛 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 采用轻量化YOLOv8-Pose模型在RGB图像中检测关键点,并映射至由深度图生成的三维坐标系 | 6项体尺平均绝对百分比误差约1.28% | [82] |
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Livestock body measurement methods based on point cloud segmentation
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| 采集对象 | 采集方案 | 传感器 | 分割方法 | 体尺计算结果 | 文献 |
|---|
| 猪 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 采用改进PointNet++分割猪体头部、耳部、躯干、四肢和尾部等区域 | 计算9项体尺平均相对误差为3.39% | [90] |
| 猪 | 定点通道式 | LiDAR | 采用PointVector++分割猪体各部位,并提取体尺表型测量区域 | 计算10项体尺平均绝对百分比误差为5.46% | [37] |
| 牛 | 定点拱门式 | 深度相机 | 连续水平切片结合五点聚类梯度边界识别算法提取肉牛关键区域 | 计算5项体尺平均相对误差为2.42% | [91] |
| 牛 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 采用动态不平衡八叉树分组(Dynamic Unbalanced Octree Grouping,DUOS)改进PointNet++分割牛体和四肢等7个区域 | 计算6项体尺平均相对误差为2.03% | [92] |
| 牛 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 采用掩码多层几何点模型(Masked Multilevel Geometric Point,MMLG-Point)进行牛体点云分割 | 计算5项体尺平均绝对百分比误差低于6% | [93] |
| 牛 | 定点拱门式 | 深度相机 | 采用FGPointKAN++进行奶牛点云部位分割,并结合自适应关键切片平面识别计算体尺 | 计算4项体尺平均绝对百分比误差为2.32% | [88] |
| 牛 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 采用CattlePartNet分割肉牛体尺关键区域,用于体高、体长、胸围、腹围和臀高测量 | 计算5项体尺平均绝对百分比误差为5.53% | [94] |
| 羊 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 采用改进PointStack分割山羊头部、前后肢、胸部、腹部、臀部和尾部 | 计算6项体尺平均绝对百分比误差为3.51% | [89] |
| 羊 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 提出DyFusion-PCT分割羊体背线、头颈前部、胸廓截面和远端肢体等关键测量区域 | 计算6项体尺平均相对误差为3.20% | [95] |
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基于点云分割的家畜体尺测量方法
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| 采集对象 | 采集方案 | 传感器 | 分割方法 | 体尺计算结果 | 文献 |
|---|
| 猪 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 采用改进PointNet++分割猪体头部、耳部、躯干、四肢和尾部等区域 | 计算9项体尺平均相对误差为3.39% | [90] |
| 猪 | 定点通道式 | LiDAR | 采用PointVector++分割猪体各部位,并提取体尺表型测量区域 | 计算10项体尺平均绝对百分比误差为5.46% | [37] |
| 牛 | 定点拱门式 | 深度相机 | 连续水平切片结合五点聚类梯度边界识别算法提取肉牛关键区域 | 计算5项体尺平均相对误差为2.42% | [91] |
| 牛 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 采用动态不平衡八叉树分组(Dynamic Unbalanced Octree Grouping,DUOS)改进PointNet++分割牛体和四肢等7个区域 | 计算6项体尺平均相对误差为2.03% | [92] |
| 牛 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 采用掩码多层几何点模型(Masked Multilevel Geometric Point,MMLG-Point)进行牛体点云分割 | 计算5项体尺平均绝对百分比误差低于6% | [93] |
| 牛 | 定点拱门式 | 深度相机 | 采用FGPointKAN++进行奶牛点云部位分割,并结合自适应关键切片平面识别计算体尺 | 计算4项体尺平均绝对百分比误差为2.32% | [88] |
| 牛 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 采用CattlePartNet分割肉牛体尺关键区域,用于体高、体长、胸围、腹围和臀高测量 | 计算5项体尺平均绝对百分比误差为5.53% | [94] |
| 羊 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 采用改进PointStack分割山羊头部、前后肢、胸部、腹部、臀部和尾部 | 计算6项体尺平均绝对百分比误差为3.51% | [89] |
| 羊 | 定点通道式 | 深度相机 | 提出DyFusion-PCT分割羊体背线、头颈前部、胸廓截面和远端肢体等关键测量区域 | 计算6项体尺平均相对误差为3.20% | [95] |
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