Article(id=1317882064792302381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, issueId=1317882040293376452, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12133/j.smartag.SA202605002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1777478400000, receivedDateStr=2026-04-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792137169310, onlineDateStr=2026-10-16, pubDate=1785340800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792137169310, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792137169310, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792137169310, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1317882040293376452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, year='2026', volume='8', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='267', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785340800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792137163470, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792137254218, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1317882421022933964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, issueId=1317882040293376452, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1317882421027128269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, issueId=1317882040293376452, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=70, endPage=84, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1317882065002017582, articleId=1317882064792302381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, language=EN, title=County-Level Winter Wheat Yield Prediction Based on Phenological-Stage Progressive Multi-Source Data Fusion, columnId=1317882041241289157, journalTitle=Smart Agriculture, columnName=Information Perception and Acquisition, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
[Objective] Winter wheat yield formation is jointly affected by multiple factors, including canopy structure, growth status, photosynthetic function, and meteorological conditions. The contributions of remote sensing, meteorological data, and photosynthetic information to yield prediction differ among phenological stages. However, the influence of information accumulation at different phenological stages on county-level winter wheat yield estimation remains unclear, which restricts further improvement in early prediction capability and agricultural interpretability of yield prediction models. Therefore, a phenological-stage progressive multi-source data fusion method was proposed for county-level winter wheat yield prediction, to improve the prediction accuracy of county-level winter wheat yield, clarify the influence of information accumulation at different phenological stages on yield estimation performance, and provide methodological support for dynamic regional yield prediction and monitoring of key growth stages. [Methods] 100 major winter wheat-producing counties of Henan province were selected as the study area. Remote sensing variables, meteorological variables, and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF)-based photosynthetic variables from 2013 to 2022 were integrated to construct a county-level multi-source time-series feature dataset covering the period from the tillering stage to the maturity stage of winter wheat. Among these variables, remote sensing variables were used to characterize canopy structure and crop growth status, meteorological variables were used to reflect heat and water conditions during the growth period, and SIF variables were used to characterize changes in crop photosynthetic function. Based on the winter wheat planting distribution mask and county-level administrative boundaries, county-scale time-series features of each variable were extracted. According to the developmental sequence of tillering, overwintering, greening, jointing, heading, anthesis, and maturity stages, the model input window was progressively expanded to form input sequences under different phenological-stage accumulation conditions. For model construction, a convolutional neural network-long short-term memory-transformer (CNN-LSTM-Transformer) model was adopted. The CNN was used to extract local variation features between adjacent time steps, the LSTM was used to capture continuous temporal dependencies among stages, and the Transformer Encoder was used to model global associations among time steps in the input sequence. To evaluate model performance, the CNN-LSTM-Transformer model was compared with random forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and CNN-LSTM models. In addition, a leave-one-year-out validation strategy was used to analyze the interannual generalization ability of the CNN-LSTM-Transformer model under different year conditions. [Results and Discussions] In the test set based on county-level sample partitioning, the CNN-LSTM-Transformer model outperformed the RF, XGBoost, and CNN-LSTM models and achieved the best yield estimation performance. The coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were 0.827, 588.25 kg/hm2, and 8.02%, respectively. Compared with the CNN-LSTM model, the R2 of the CNN-LSTM-Transformer model increased by 0.054, while RMSE and MAPE decreased by 85.69 kg/hm2 and 1.54 percentage points, respectively. These results indicated that introducing the Transformer Encoder helped enhance the model's ability to represent global multi-source time-series information. The phenological-stage accumulation analysis showed that model prediction accuracy continuously improved as growth-stage information gradually increased. Prediction accuracy was relatively low at the tillering and overwintering stages, whereas model performance improved most obviously from the greening stage to the heading stage. This indicated that multi-source information during this period could more fully reflect rapid canopy development, enhanced photosynthetic capacity, and the yield formation process of winter wheat. Therefore, the period from greening to heading was identified as the key stage for the rapid improvement of county-level winter wheat yield prediction ability. The residual analysis across yield zones showed that the CNN-LSTM-Transformer model alleviated, to some extent, the overestimation in low-yield areas and the underestimation in high-yield areas. The leave-one-year-out validation results showed that the proposed method maintained good prediction stability across different test years. The spatial distribution results further showed that the predicted yield could effectively reflect the county-level spatial pattern of winter wheat yield in Henan province, with lower values in the western region and higher values in the central and eastern regions. [Conclusions] Overall, the proposed phenological-stage progressive multi-source data fusion method effectively integrated remote sensing, meteorological, and SIF-based photosynthetic information, improved the prediction accuracy of county-level winter wheat yield, and revealed the influence of information accumulation at different phenological stages on yield estimation performance. The CNN-LSTM-Transformer model collaboratively represented local variation features, stage-wise temporal dependencies, and global long-term associations, thereby effectively characterizing multi-source time-series dynamic changes during winter wheat yield formation. The results showed that the period from the greening stage to the heading stage was the key period for the rapid improvement of county-level winter wheat yield prediction ability. This study could provide a reference for early winter wheat yield estimation, key growth-stage monitoring, and regional grain production management.
, authors=Yi WANG
1, 4, Baowei XIONG
1, Gang WANG
1, Guomin SHAO
2, Liyuan ZHANG
3, Guang LI
5, authorsList=Yi WANG, Baowei XIONG, Gang WANG, Guomin SHAO, Liyuan ZHANG, Guang LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liyuan ZHANG, authorNote=
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【目的/意义】 不同物候阶段信息累积对县域冬小麦估产性能的影响尚不明确,制约了模型早期预测能力与农业解释性的提升。为提高县域冬小麦产量预测精度,并明确不同物候阶段信息累积对估产性能的影响,本文提出一种物候阶段渐进式多源数据融合的县域冬小麦产量预测方法。 【方法】 以河南省100个冬小麦主产县为研究区,融合2013—2022年遥感变量、气象变量和日光诱导叶绿素荧光光合变量,构建覆盖冬小麦分蘖期至成熟期的多源时序特征集。在此基础上,利用卷积神经网络-长短期记忆网络-Transformer (Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory-Transformer, CNN-LSTM-Transformer)模型协同提取局部变化特征、阶段性时序依赖和全局长期关联,实现县域冬小麦产量预测。 【结果和讨论】 在县域尺度样本划分的测试集中,CNN-LSTM-Transformer模型预测性能优于随机森林、极端梯度提升和CNN-LSTM模型,R2、均方根误差和平均绝对百分比误差分别为0.827、588.25 kg/hm2和8.02%;逐年留一验证结果表明,该方法在不同年份条件下保持了较好的预测稳定性。物候阶段累积分析显示,随着生育阶段信息逐步增加,模型预测精度持续提升,其中返青期至抽穗期是产量预测能力快速提高的关键阶段。空间分布结果表明,预测产量能够较好反映河南省冬小麦西部较低、中东部较高的县域空间格局。 【结论】 所提出方法能够有效提升县域冬小麦产量预测精度,并为关键生育阶段的早期预测提供方法支撑。
, authors=王毅
1, 4, 熊宝伟
1, 王刚
1, 邵国敏
2, 张立元
3, 李广
5, authorsList=王毅, 熊宝伟, 王刚, 邵国敏, 张立元, 李广, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张立元, authorNote=
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1, 4, address=
1.School of Information Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Finance and Economics, Xi'an 710100, China
4.Key Laboratory of Intelligent Finance Collaboration and Trusted Computing, Shaanxi Provincial Institutions of Higher Education, Xi'an 710100, China, bio={"content":"
WANG Yi, E-mail: wang_yi@xaufe.edu.cn
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WANG Yi, E-mail: wang_yi@xaufe.edu.cn
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1, 4, address=
1.西安财经大学信息学院,陕西 西安 710100,中国
4.智财协同可信计算陕西省高等学校重点实验室,陕西 西安 710100,中国, bio={"content":"
王 毅,博士,讲师,研究方向为农情信息空天地一体化智能感知与精准作业技术。E-mail:wang_yi@xaufe.edu.cn
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王 毅,博士,讲师,研究方向为农情信息空天地一体化智能感知与精准作业技术。E-mail:wang_yi@xaufe.edu.cn
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4.Key Laboratory of Intelligent Finance Collaboration and Trusted Computing, Shaanxi Provincial Institutions of Higher Education, Xi'an 710100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317882070156817229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, companyId=1317882070131651403, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
4.智财协同可信计算陕西省高等学校重点实验室,陕西 西安 710100,中国)])]), Author(id=1317882071746458456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1317882071834538842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, authorId=1317882071746458456, language=EN, stringName=Baowei XIONG, firstName=Baowei, middleName=null, lastName=XIONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1.School of Information Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Finance and Economics, Xi'an 710100, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1317882071914230619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, authorId=1317882071746458456, language=CN, stringName=熊宝伟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1.西安财经大学信息学院,陕西 西安 710100,中国, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1317882069594780482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317882069603169091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, companyId=1317882069594780482, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1.School of Information Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Finance and Economics, Xi'an 710100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317882069611557700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, companyId=1317882069594780482, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1.西安财经大学信息学院,陕西 西安 710100,中国)])]), Author(id=1317882071998116701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1317882072082002783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, authorId=1317882071998116701, language=EN, stringName=Gang WANG, firstName=Gang, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1.School of Information Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Finance and Economics, Xi'an 710100, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1317882072161694560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, authorId=1317882071998116701, language=CN, stringName=王刚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1.西安财经大学信息学院,陕西 西安 710100,中国, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1317882069594780482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317882069603169091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, companyId=1317882069594780482, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1.School of Information Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Finance and Economics, Xi'an 710100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317882069611557700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, companyId=1317882069594780482, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1.西安财经大学信息学院,陕西 西安 710100,中国)])]), Author(id=1317882072245580642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1317882072329466724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, authorId=1317882072245580642, language=EN, stringName=Guomin SHAO, firstName=Guomin, middleName=null, lastName=SHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, address=
2.State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1317882072400769893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, authorId=1317882072245580642, language=CN, stringName=邵国敏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, address=
2.西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710048,中国, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1317882069687055173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317882069691249478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, companyId=1317882069687055173, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317882069703832391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, companyId=1317882069687055173, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710048,中国)])]), Author(id=1317882072493044583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=liyuan.zhang@ujs.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1317882072610485097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, authorId=1317882072493044583, language=EN, stringName=Liyuan ZHANG, firstName=Liyuan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, address=
3.School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1317882072719537002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, authorId=1317882072493044583, language=CN, stringName=张立元, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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Spatial distribution of winter wheat planting areas in Henan province, figureFileSmall=SewSbOTGfyPIM1R6+ru+Cg==, figureFileBig=Eje4AFNlsFhDgGJmGPP5cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882074091074429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
河南省冬小麦种植分布图注:该图基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2023)2762号标准地图制作,底图无修改。
, figureFileSmall=SewSbOTGfyPIM1R6+ru+Cg==, figureFileBig=Eje4AFNlsFhDgGJmGPP5cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882074296595326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Flowchart of multi-source dataset construction for county-level winter wheat yield prediction, figureFileSmall=H0gWS/b5d41tLJoyzqClnw==, figureFileBig=oyzHQ+kuwRAZBdreqppokA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882074367898495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=
县域冬小麦产量预测中多源数据集的构建流程图, figureFileSmall=H0gWS/b5d41tLJoyzqClnw==, figureFileBig=oyzHQ+kuwRAZBdreqppokA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882074460173184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Overall framework of the phenological-stage progressive multi-source fusion model for yield estimation, figureFileSmall=TR6NMON9lwxQUML/YvKjqw==, figureFileBig=iz1jrBrLNBCV9tvga3kxUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882074527282049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=
物候阶段渐进式多源融合估产模型总体框架, figureFileSmall=TR6NMON9lwxQUML/YvKjqw==, figureFileBig=iz1jrBrLNBCV9tvga3kxUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882074594390914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Schematic diagram of the Transformer Encoder module structure, figureFileSmall=m4SO2h+qiwwR1y3J+XT4zQ==, figureFileBig=HkQEZqYWC8pdrvJ+tE1Ppw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882074674082691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=
Transformer Encoder模块结构图, figureFileSmall=m4SO2h+qiwwR1y3J+XT4zQ==, figureFileBig=HkQEZqYWC8pdrvJ+tE1Ppw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882074741191556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Architecture of the CNN-LSTM-Transformer model, figureFileSmall=BiYC+KlchA2VZRKRJmSRHg==, figureFileBig=0TGgzrUdlt79+cJ2yisRMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882074804106117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=
CNN-LSTM-Transformer模型结构, figureFileSmall=BiYC+KlchA2VZRKRJmSRHg==, figureFileBig=0TGgzrUdlt79+cJ2yisRMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882074883797894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Scatter plots of predicted and actual yields for the CNN-LSTM-Transformer model and comparative models, figureFileSmall=frYuH+gqqzo0mgXzVzNXpg==, figureFileBig=snm3c74Z3JoFrY9QMv7M8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882074942518151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
CNN-LSTM-Transformer模型及对比模型预测产量与实际产量散点图, figureFileSmall=frYuH+gqqzo0mgXzVzNXpg==, figureFileBig=snm3c74Z3JoFrY9QMv7M8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882075001238408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Boxplots of residuals in different yield zones for the CNN-LSTM-Transformer model and comparative models, figureFileSmall=i5CuV5vFj9J/4b88N1K4mg==, figureFileBig=BzWqY1uXdPPGKmFf6IdO/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882075089318793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
CNN-LSTM-Transformer模型及对比模型的不同产量分区残差箱线图, figureFileSmall=i5CuV5vFj9J/4b88N1K4mg==, figureFileBig=BzWqY1uXdPPGKmFf6IdO/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882075156427658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
Prediction performance comparison of the CNN-LSTM-Transformer model in different test years, figureFileSmall=o2pF44kSkoF1I4J6ejYUEw==, figureFileBig=NCMCKbLQi1IiQS+42M0ibw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882075244508043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
CNN-LSTM-Transformer模型在不同测试年份下的预测性能对比图, figureFileSmall=o2pF44kSkoF1I4J6ejYUEw==, figureFileBig=NCMCKbLQi1IiQS+42M0ibw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882075307422604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
Spatiotemporal distributions of predicted yield and residuals of the CNN-LSTM-Transformer model from 2019 to 2022, figureFileSmall=ETvwVWl4JYDcwIopM8/reQ==, figureFileBig=GswcdnveRsEGwP3gytyGVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882075391308685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
2019—2022年CNN-LSTM-Transformer模型预测产量及残差时空分布图注:该图基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2023)2762号标准地图制作,底图无修改。
, figureFileSmall=ETvwVWl4JYDcwIopM8/reQ==, figureFileBig=GswcdnveRsEGwP3gytyGVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317882075466806158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Phenological-stage division of winter wheat in Henan province
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 月份 | 生育时期 |
|---|
| 11月下旬至12月中旬 | 分蘖期 |
| 12月下旬至次年2月下旬 | 越冬期 |
| 3月上旬至3月下旬 | 返青期 |
| 4月上旬至4月中旬 | 拔节期 |
| 4月下旬至5月上旬 | 抽穗期 |
| 5月中旬至5月下旬 | 扬花期 |
| 6月上旬至6月中旬 | 成熟期 |
), ArticleFig(id=1317882075567469455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=
河南省冬小麦生育期划分
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 月份 | 生育时期 |
|---|
| 11月下旬至12月中旬 | 分蘖期 |
| 12月下旬至次年2月下旬 | 越冬期 |
| 3月上旬至3月下旬 | 返青期 |
| 4月上旬至4月中旬 | 拔节期 |
| 4月下旬至5月上旬 | 抽穗期 |
| 5月中旬至5月下旬 | 扬花期 |
| 6月上旬至6月中旬 | 成熟期 |
), ArticleFig(id=1317882075630384016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Key hyperparameter settings of the CNN-LSTM-Transformer model and comparative models
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 超参数 | 含义 | 最优值 |
|---|
| RF | n_estimators | 树数量 | 200 |
| max_depth | 最大树深度 | 9 |
| XGBoost | n_estimators | 树数量 | 200 |
| max_depth | 最大树深度 | 6 |
| learning_rate | 学习率 | 0.1 |
| CNN-LSTM | conv_filters | 卷积滤波器数量 | 32 |
| kernel_size | 卷积核大小 | 3 |
| lstm_units | LSTM隐藏单元数 | 64 |
| dropout | 随机失活率 | 0.15 |
| learning_rate | 学习率 | 0.000 3 |
| CNN-LSTM-Transformer | conv_filters | 卷积滤波器数量 | 32 |
| kernel_size | 卷积核大小 | 3 |
| lstm_units | LSTM隐藏单元数 | 64 |
| num_heads | 注意力头数 | 4 |
| ff_dim | 前馈网络维度 | 64 |
| dropout | 随机失活率 | 0.15 |
| learning_rate | 学习率 | 0.000 3 |
), ArticleFig(id=1317882075731047313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=
CNN-LSTM-Transformer模型及对比模型关键超参数设置
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 超参数 | 含义 | 最优值 |
|---|
| RF | n_estimators | 树数量 | 200 |
| max_depth | 最大树深度 | 9 |
| XGBoost | n_estimators | 树数量 | 200 |
| max_depth | 最大树深度 | 6 |
| learning_rate | 学习率 | 0.1 |
| CNN-LSTM | conv_filters | 卷积滤波器数量 | 32 |
| kernel_size | 卷积核大小 | 3 |
| lstm_units | LSTM隐藏单元数 | 64 |
| dropout | 随机失活率 | 0.15 |
| learning_rate | 学习率 | 0.000 3 |
| CNN-LSTM-Transformer | conv_filters | 卷积滤波器数量 | 32 |
| kernel_size | 卷积核大小 | 3 |
| lstm_units | LSTM隐藏单元数 | 64 |
| num_heads | 注意力头数 | 4 |
| ff_dim | 前馈网络维度 | 64 |
| dropout | 随机失活率 | 0.15 |
| learning_rate | 学习率 | 0.000 3 |
), ArticleFig(id=1317882075814933394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Yield estimation accuracy of the CNN-LSTM-Transformer model at different phenological stages
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 生育阶段 | R2 | RMSE/(kg/hm2) | MAPE/% |
|---|
| 分蘖期 | 0.388 | 1 061.85 | 16.02 |
| 越冬期 | 0.453 | 1 000.17 | 14.76 |
| 返青期 | 0.548 | 900.18 | 13.01 |
| 拔节期 | 0.665 | 785.04 | 10.90 |
| 抽穗期 | 0.712 | 727.31 | 10.12 |
| 扬花期 | 0.733 | 702.46 | 9.71 |
| 成熟期 | 0.753 | 682.01 | 9.34 |
), ArticleFig(id=1317882075890430867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882064792302381, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
不同物候阶段下CNN-LSTM-Transformer模型的估产精度
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| 生育阶段 | R2 | RMSE/(kg/hm2) | MAPE/% |
|---|
| 分蘖期 | 0.388 | 1 061.85 | 16.02 |
| 越冬期 | 0.453 | 1 000.17 | 14.76 |
| 返青期 | 0.548 | 900.18 | 13.01 |
| 拔节期 | 0.665 | 785.04 | 10.90 |
| 抽穗期 | 0.712 | 727.31 | 10.12 |
| 扬花期 | 0.733 | 702.46 | 9.71 |
| 成熟期 | 0.753 | 682.01 | 9.34 |
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