Article(id=1317882041044156868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, issueId=1317882040293376452, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12133/j.smartag.SA202512001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1764518400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792137163648, onlineDateStr=2026-10-16, pubDate=1785340800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792137163648, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792137163648, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792137163648, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1317882040293376452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, year='2026', volume='8', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='267', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785340800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792137163470, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792137254218, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1317882421022933964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, issueId=1317882040293376452, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1317882421027128269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, issueId=1317882040293376452, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=35, endPage=46, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1317882041350341062, articleId=1317882041044156868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, language=EN, title=Rapid Prediction Method for Steady-State CO
2 Concentration in Plant Photosynthetic Measurements with Uncertainty-Adaptive Adjustment, columnId=1317882041241289157, journalTitle=Smart Agriculture, columnName=Information Perception and Acquisition, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
[Objective] The gas exchange method is the most widely applied and most direct quantitative measurement technique in plant photosynthesis research. Plant photosynthetic measurement systems based on the gas exchange method usually rely on the "steady-state paradigm" to determine the photosynthetic rate and other physiological parameters. During the measurement process, the system needs to wait until the CO2 concentration reaches a steady state. However, this process is affected by factors such as plant physiology, leaf chamber volume, and sensor response characteristics, which severely restricts measurement efficiency. To this end, a new method is proposed that predicts the steady-state CO2 concentration in advance based on the dynamic response sequence of the sensor and adaptively determines the measurement termination time using predictive uncertainty. [Methods] A dual-branch encoding network, DBE-TSNet (Dual-Branch Encoder for Time-Series Network), was constructed. The overall architecture of the network consisted of dual feature encoders and an aggregation encoder. The dual feature encoders adopted a structurally symmetric and parameter-independent branch design. They combined differential enhancement, cross-channel convolution-linear channel transformation, and global average pooling to model the dynamic response processes of the CO2 concentration decrease and increase stages perceived by the system, respectively. After concatenating the features of the two branches, the aggregation encoder generated a four-dimensional output vector through a two-layer multilayer perceptron decoder: predicted decrease value (t̂1), predicted decrease uncertainty (σ̂12), predicted increase value (t̂2), and predicted increase uncertainty (σ̂22). During training, a Gaussian negative log-likelihood loss function was adopted to simultaneously learn the steady-state prediction together with its associated predictive uncertainty, while sample weights were adaptively adjusted accordingly. By setting uncertainty thresholds, adaptive truncation of the input sequence was realized, enabling determination of the prediction timing and the steady-state value, thereby improving measurement efficiency. A photosynthetic measurement system was built based on a single CO2 sensor, using a time-shared differential measurement mode. Gas exchange data was collected from eight plant species (corn, potato, radish, bok choy, lettuce, loquat, orange tree, and paper mulberry) under three light intensity levels (low, medium, and high) for model training and validation. [Results and Discussions] By comparison with six typical time-series prediction models, including one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN), the DBE-TSNet model achieved the best performance in the steady-state prediction task: The MAE of the decreasing stage was 1.22 μmol/mol, and that of the increasing stage was 2.07 μmol/mol; the R2 values reached 0.996 and 0.984, respectively. To evaluate the relationship between model predictive reliability and output uncertainty, all test samples were divided into ten intervals according to the uncertainty output by the model, and the relationships between each interval and mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and the input segment ratio were counted. The results showed that as uncertainty gradually increased, the prediction error gradually increased, resulting in a significant decline in model predictive reliability. Based on this analysis, the uncertainty thresholds of the decreasing stage and increasing stage were determined to be 0.026 7 and 0.014 6, respectively. Early prediction experiments based on the set thresholds showed that under the premise of maintaining the error below 1 μmol/mol, the model saved about 128.87 s of measurement time on average, shortened the measurement cycle by about 51%, and significantly improved measurement efficiency. [Conclusions] DBE-TSNet integrated dual-branch encoding and uncertainty estimation mechanisms to achieve accurate and early prediction of steady-state CO₂ concentration in plant photosynthetic measurement, effectively solving the problem of long steady-state measurement time in the gas exchange method and transforming the traditional "waiting for steady state" process into a data-driven decision-making process of "dynamic steady-state prediction". The model showed stable performance under multiple plant species and multiple light conditions, with good generalization ability, and could provide key technical support for improving the efficiency of plant photosynthetic measurement systems based on the gas exchange method.
, authors=Mingyang LUO
1, 2, 3, Hangyu DAI
1, 2, 3, Hao TANG
1, 2, 3, Yingkui WU
4, Ya GUO
1, 2, 3, authorsList=Mingyang LUO, Hangyu DAI, Hao TANG, Yingkui WU, Ya GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ya GUO, authorNote=
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, copyrightStatement=copyright©2026 by the authors, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1317882042809958868, articleId=1317882041044156868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, language=CN, title=融合不确定度自适应调整的植物光合测量CO
2稳态浓度快速预测方法, columnId=1317882041446810055, journalTitle=智慧农业(中英文), columnName=信息感知与获取, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
【目的/意义】 基于气体交换法的植物光合速率测量,需等待系统内CO2浓度达到稳态,但该过程受植物生理、叶室体积及传感器响应特性等因素影响,耗时过长,严重制约测量效率。为此,本研究提出一种基于传感器动态响应序列提前预测系统稳态CO2浓度,并利用预测不确定度自适应决定测量终止时间的新方法。 【方法】 构建双分支时序编码网络(Dual-Branch Encoder for Time-Series Network, DBE-TSNet),结合差分增强与跨通道卷积-线性通道变换,面向系统感知的CO2浓度上升与下降阶段建模。采用基于高斯负对数似然的损失函数,同时学习稳态值及其预测不确定度,并据此自适应调整样本权重。通过不确定度阈值的设定实现输入序列的自适应裁剪,并实现预测时机和稳态值的判断,提高测量效率。利用搭建的光合测量系统,采集8种植物在3种光照强度下的数据用于模型的训练和验证。 【结果和讨论】 DBE-TSNet网络模型在稳态预测任务中性能最优:下降段平均绝对误差为1.22 ,上升段为2.07,R2分别达到0.996和0.984,优于典型时序预测模型。通过误差-不确定度分析,确定下降段与上升段的不确定度阈值分别为0.026 7和0.014 6。基于阈值的提前预测实验表明,模型在维持误差小于1的前提下,平均可节省测量时间约128.87 s,测量周期缩短约51%,显著提升了测量效率。 【结论】 DBE-TSNet融合双分支编码与不确定度估计机制,实现植物光合测量中CO2稳态浓度响应的准确、提前预测,有效解决气体交换法测量稳态时间长的问题。模型在多植物、多光照条件下表现稳定,具有良好的泛化能力,可为基于气体交换法的植物光合测量系统效率提升提供关键技术支撑。
, authors=罗明阳
1, 2, 3, 戴航宇
1, 2, 3, 汤浩
1, 2, 3, 武颖奎
4, 郭亚
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1, 2, 3, address=
1.International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Optical Sensing and Application, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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1.江南大学智能光学感知与应用国际联合研究中心,江苏 无锡 214122,中国
2.江南大学轻工过程先进控制教育部重点实验室,江苏 无锡 214122,中国
3.江南大学自动化与智能科学学院,江苏 无锡 214122,中国, bio={"content":"
罗明阳,硕士研究生,研究方向为仪器设备、深度学习。E-mail:lomyang@163.com
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1.江南大学智能光学感知与应用国际联合研究中心,江苏 无锡 214122,中国
2.江南大学轻工过程先进控制教育部重点实验室,江苏 无锡 214122,中国
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1.International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Optical Sensing and Application, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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2.江南大学轻工过程先进控制教育部重点实验室,江苏 无锡 214122,中国
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Schematic diagram of the internal air circuit and working principle of the photosynthesis measurement system, figureFileSmall=R7vIoI3D6Yhdaf0oQ7cmww==, figureFileBig=XcHK0gy2/IRKo4m7pyC5CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317886232332456045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882041044156868, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
光合测量系统的内部气路与工作原理示意图, figureFileSmall=R7vIoI3D6Yhdaf0oQ7cmww==, figureFileBig=XcHK0gy2/IRKo4m7pyC5CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317886232454090862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882041044156868, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Distribution of net CO₂ assimilation of different plants under three light conditions, figureFileSmall=j46l0vnCFq8BUnhQISzkSg==, figureFileBig=eSiqmwWHjzxD0J7ga8DuQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317886232517005423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882041044156868, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
不同植物在三种光照条件下净CO2同化量分布, figureFileSmall=j46l0vnCFq8BUnhQISzkSg==, figureFileBig=eSiqmwWHjzxD0J7ga8DuQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317886232596697200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882041044156868, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Time distribution of measurements for different plants under three light conditions, figureFileSmall=P40ZcswJEyrG/thXjFUw2Q==, figureFileBig=e2T+pMySIHxBJ/mJW471zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317886232881909873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882041044156868, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
不同植物在三种光照条件下测量时间分布, figureFileSmall=P40ZcswJEyrG/thXjFUw2Q==, figureFileBig=e2T+pMySIHxBJ/mJW471zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317886232969990258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882041044156868, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Architecture diagram of DBE-TSNet network, figureFileSmall=pVvkBX6hRaK2mt3Q5ooqiA==, figureFileBig=4hab2H+Ni3Deb19tQBSl0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317886233288757364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882041044156868, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
DBE-TSNet网络结构图, figureFileSmall=pVvkBX6hRaK2mt3Q5ooqiA==, figureFileBig=4hab2H+Ni3Deb19tQBSl0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317886233376837749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882041044156868, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Distribution of residuals in the declining and rising phases of eight plants across different uncertainty intervals of CO2 steady-state concentration prediction, figureFileSmall=eyjWwxwTQfGc98M1Jq18UA==, figureFileBig=pDfWZ0NOMwWPd6e46bUIMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317886233435558006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882041044156868, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
CO2稳态浓度预测研究八种植物在不同不确定度区间内的下降段与上升段残差分布情况, figureFileSmall=eyjWwxwTQfGc98M1Jq18UA==, figureFileBig=pDfWZ0NOMwWPd6e46bUIMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317886233662050423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882041044156868, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Prediction of CO2 steady-state concentration: statistical results of prediction errors and input ratios under different plants and lighting conditions, figureFileSmall=fkDuokiSaRLGHkUHk9kXoA==, figureFileBig=HEUd/ZM/XUcwDsEz2HlJJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317886233792073848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882041044156868, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
CO2稳态浓度预测研究: 不同植物与光照条件下的预测误差与输入比例统计结果, figureFileSmall=fkDuokiSaRLGHkUHk9kXoA==, figureFileBig=HEUd/ZM/XUcwDsEz2HlJJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317886234144395385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882041044156868, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Comparison of results of different models in CO2 steady-state prediction tasks
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | GFLOPS | MAE/(μmol/mol) | RMSE/(μmol/mol) | MAPE/% | R2 |
|---|
| down | up | down | up | down | up | down | up |
|---|
| 1D-CNN | 1.26 | 2.87 | 4.87 | 4.72 | 6.74 | 2.75 | 3.57 | 0.986 | 0.955 |
| LSTM | 17.85 | 2.32 | 2.73 | 3.72 | 4.79 | 1.94 | 2.02 | 0.991 | 0.977 |
| GRU | 52.59 | 1.38 | 2.31 | 2.61 | 4.44 | 1.25 | 1.81 | 0.996 | 0.980 |
| D-Linear | 0.05 | 3.77 | 4.15 | 5.77 | 6.06 | 3.84 | 3.17 | 0.979 | 0.963 |
| LightTS | 1.13 | 2.52 | 2.25 | 3.83 | 4.00 | 2.38 | 1.69 | 0.991 | 0.986 |
| i-Transformer | 69.04 | 7.15 | 12.24 | 11.44 | 15.64 | 6.61 | 9.12 | 0.916 | 0.755 |
| DBE-TSNet(ours) | 0.80 | 1.22 | 2.07 | 2.43 | 3.95 | 1.13 | 1.60 | 0.996 | 0.984 |
), ArticleFig(id=1317886234517688442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882041044156868, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
不同模型在CO2稳态预测任务中的结果对比
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| 模型 | GFLOPS | MAE/(μmol/mol) | RMSE/(μmol/mol) | MAPE/% | R2 |
|---|
| down | up | down | up | down | up | down | up |
|---|
| 1D-CNN | 1.26 | 2.87 | 4.87 | 4.72 | 6.74 | 2.75 | 3.57 | 0.986 | 0.955 |
| LSTM | 17.85 | 2.32 | 2.73 | 3.72 | 4.79 | 1.94 | 2.02 | 0.991 | 0.977 |
| GRU | 52.59 | 1.38 | 2.31 | 2.61 | 4.44 | 1.25 | 1.81 | 0.996 | 0.980 |
| D-Linear | 0.05 | 3.77 | 4.15 | 5.77 | 6.06 | 3.84 | 3.17 | 0.979 | 0.963 |
| LightTS | 1.13 | 2.52 | 2.25 | 3.83 | 4.00 | 2.38 | 1.69 | 0.991 | 0.986 |
| i-Transformer | 69.04 | 7.15 | 12.24 | 11.44 | 15.64 | 6.61 | 9.12 | 0.916 | 0.755 |
| DBE-TSNet(ours) | 0.80 | 1.22 | 2.07 | 2.43 | 3.95 | 1.13 | 1.60 | 0.996 | 0.984 |
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Comparison of ablation experiment results for the DBE-TSNet temporal prediction model
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| 序号 | AC | LC | Diff | MAE/(μmol/mol) | RMSE/(μmol/mol) | MAPE/% | R2 |
|---|
| down | up | down | up | down | up | down | up |
|---|
| 1 | × | × | × | 31.19 | 21.86 | 36.42 | 27.07 | 29.65 | 15.56 | 0.148 | 0.266 |
| 2 | × | × | √ | 28.03 | 20.64 | 33.28 | 25.76 | 26.64 | 14.73 | 0.289 | 0.334 |
| 3 | √ | × | √ | 1.86 | 11.07 | 4.42 | 13.53 | 1.76 | 8.35 | 0.987 | 0.816 |
| 4 | × | √ | √ | 2.11 | 2.84 | 3.57 | 5.35 | 2.00 | 2.20 | 0.992 | 0.971 |
| 5 | √ | √ | × | 1.96 | 2.26 | 3.75 | 4.24 | 1.85 | 1.72 | 0.991 | 0.982 |
| 6 | √ | √ | √ | 1.22 | 2.07 | 2.43 | 3.95 | 1.13 | 1.60 | 0.996 | 0.984 |
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DBE-TSNet时序预测模型消融实验结果对比
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| 序号 | AC | LC | Diff | MAE/(μmol/mol) | RMSE/(μmol/mol) | MAPE/% | R2 |
|---|
| down | up | down | up | down | up | down | up |
|---|
| 1 | × | × | × | 31.19 | 21.86 | 36.42 | 27.07 | 29.65 | 15.56 | 0.148 | 0.266 |
| 2 | × | × | √ | 28.03 | 20.64 | 33.28 | 25.76 | 26.64 | 14.73 | 0.289 | 0.334 |
| 3 | √ | × | √ | 1.86 | 11.07 | 4.42 | 13.53 | 1.76 | 8.35 | 0.987 | 0.816 |
| 4 | × | √ | √ | 2.11 | 2.84 | 3.57 | 5.35 | 2.00 | 2.20 | 0.992 | 0.971 |
| 5 | √ | √ | × | 1.96 | 2.26 | 3.75 | 4.24 | 1.85 | 1.72 | 0.991 | 0.982 |
| 6 | √ | √ | √ | 1.22 | 2.07 | 2.43 | 3.95 | 1.13 | 1.60 | 0.996 | 0.984 |
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Prediction of CO2 steady-state concentration: statistical results of model prediction errors under different uncertainty intervals
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| 输入阶段 | 不确定度范围 | MAE/(μmol/mol) | RMSE/(μmol/mol) | MAPE/% | Ratio/% |
|---|
| down | [0.004 8,0.008 6] | 0.39 | 0.51 | 0.46 | 59.13 |
| (0.008 6,0.010 1] | 0.48 | 0.74 | 0.62 | 52.36 |
| (0.010 1,0.011 9] | 0.56 | 0.85 | 0.74 | 40.64 |
| (0.011 9,0.014 8] | 0.61 | 0.92 | 0.76 | 36.26 |
| (0.014 8,0.019 5] | 0.68 | 1.038 | 0.78 | 33.13 |
| (0.019 5,0.026 7] | 0.86 | 1.31 | 0.89 | 30.83 |
| (0.026 7,0.033 7] | 1.04 | 1.55 | 0.90 | 29.98 |
| (0.033 7,0.041 7] | 1.44 | 2.11 | 1.19 | 28.97 |
| (0.041 7,0.054 1] | 2.31 | 3.02 | 1.73 | 16.47 |
| (0.054 1,0.296 2] | 3.94 | 6.15 | 3.26 | 6.73 |
| up | [0.004 7,0.007 7] | 0.54 | 0.83 | 0.75 | 73.13 |
| (0.007 7,0.009 3] | 0.58 | 0.94 | 0.85 | 67.37 |
| (0.009 3,0.011 5] | 0.56 | 1.15 | 0.89 | 58.53 |
| (0.011 5,0.014 6] | 0.76 | 1.39 | 1.54 | 49.30 |
| (0.014 6,0.018 1] | 1.04 | 1.78 | 1.20 | 46.42 |
| (0.018 1,0.021 9] | 1.21 | 2.02 | 1.23 | 46.31 |
| (0.021 9,0.028 1] | 1.41 | 2.35 | 1.49 | 42.41 |
| (0.028 1,0.038 0] | 2.59 | 3.88 | 1.64 | 34.22 |
| (0.038 0,0.055 5] | 2.73 | 5.03 | 1.66 | 23.52 |
| (0.055 5,0.372 6] | 5.79 | 8.16 | 4.16 | 6.73 |
), ArticleFig(id=1317886236413513855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882041044156868, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
CO2稳态浓度预测研究: 不同不确定度区间下模型预测误差统计结果
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| 输入阶段 | 不确定度范围 | MAE/(μmol/mol) | RMSE/(μmol/mol) | MAPE/% | Ratio/% |
|---|
| down | [0.004 8,0.008 6] | 0.39 | 0.51 | 0.46 | 59.13 |
| (0.008 6,0.010 1] | 0.48 | 0.74 | 0.62 | 52.36 |
| (0.010 1,0.011 9] | 0.56 | 0.85 | 0.74 | 40.64 |
| (0.011 9,0.014 8] | 0.61 | 0.92 | 0.76 | 36.26 |
| (0.014 8,0.019 5] | 0.68 | 1.038 | 0.78 | 33.13 |
| (0.019 5,0.026 7] | 0.86 | 1.31 | 0.89 | 30.83 |
| (0.026 7,0.033 7] | 1.04 | 1.55 | 0.90 | 29.98 |
| (0.033 7,0.041 7] | 1.44 | 2.11 | 1.19 | 28.97 |
| (0.041 7,0.054 1] | 2.31 | 3.02 | 1.73 | 16.47 |
| (0.054 1,0.296 2] | 3.94 | 6.15 | 3.26 | 6.73 |
| up | [0.004 7,0.007 7] | 0.54 | 0.83 | 0.75 | 73.13 |
| (0.007 7,0.009 3] | 0.58 | 0.94 | 0.85 | 67.37 |
| (0.009 3,0.011 5] | 0.56 | 1.15 | 0.89 | 58.53 |
| (0.011 5,0.014 6] | 0.76 | 1.39 | 1.54 | 49.30 |
| (0.014 6,0.018 1] | 1.04 | 1.78 | 1.20 | 46.42 |
| (0.018 1,0.021 9] | 1.21 | 2.02 | 1.23 | 46.31 |
| (0.021 9,0.028 1] | 1.41 | 2.35 | 1.49 | 42.41 |
| (0.028 1,0.038 0] | 2.59 | 3.88 | 1.64 | 34.22 |
| (0.038 0,0.055 5] | 2.73 | 5.03 | 1.66 | 23.52 |
| (0.055 5,0.372 6] | 5.79 | 8.16 | 4.16 | 6.73 |
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Statistical results of early prediction performance and time savings based on uncertainty thresholds of CO2 steady-state concentration prediction
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| 输入阶段 | MAE/(μmol/mol) | 输入时 间/s | 输入片段比 | 节省时 间/s |
|---|
| down | 0.69 | 54.14 | 0.40 | 77.81 |
| up | 0.97 | 71.54 | 0.61 | 51.06 |
| total | / | 125.68 | 0.49 | 128.87 |
), ArticleFig(id=1317886236761641089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1317882041044156868, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
CO2稳态浓度预测研究基于不确定度阈值的提前预测性能与时间节省统计结果
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| 输入阶段 | MAE/(μmol/mol) | 输入时 间/s | 输入片段比 | 节省时 间/s |
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| down | 0.69 | 54.14 | 0.40 | 77.81 |
| up | 0.97 | 71.54 | 0.61 | 51.06 |
| total | / | 125.68 | 0.49 | 128.87 |
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