Article(id=1281692333376779164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, issueId=1281692318004646631, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12133/j.smartag.SA202508021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1755705600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783508864969, onlineDateStr=2026-07-08, pubDate=1774800000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783508864969, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783508864969, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783508864969, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1281692318004646631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, year='2026', volume='8', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='278', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774800000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783508861304, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783509039471, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281693065375101617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, issueId=1281692318004646631, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281693065375101618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, issueId=1281692318004646631, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=59, endPage=71, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281692335184524189, articleId=1281692333376779164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, language=EN, title=YOLOv8n-SSND: An Improved Lightweight Model for Aerial Chenopodium
Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Spike Target, columnId=1281692318755427048, journalTitle=Smart Agriculture, columnName=Topic--Multi-source Remote Sensing Driven Digital Agriculture Innovation and Practice, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
[Objective] The Chenopodium quinoa panicle is a critical phenotypic indicator for estimating crop yield and evaluating the growth condition of Chenopodium quinoa plants. Accurate and efficient recognition of Chenopodium quinoa panicles in complex field environments is therefore of great significance for intelligent agriculture, yield prediction, and automatic crop management. However, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-acquired field imagery often exhibits complex characteristics such as diverse panicle morphology, uneven illumination, overlapping occlusion, and background interference, et al., posing substantial challenges for conventional target detection algorithms. To address these issues, a lightweight target detection model, named YOLOv8n-SSND (YOLOv8n with Switchable Atrous Convolution, Slim Neck, and Deformable Attention) is proposed, and specifically optimized for UAV-based Chenopodium quinoa panicle identification to improve the detection accuracy and inference efficiency for Chenopodium quinoa panicles while maintaining low computational cost and real-time performance suitable for embedded UAV deployment. [Methods] The proposed model was constructed based on the YOLOv8n and YOLOv11n frameworks, and incorporated several improvements tailored for small-object agricultural detection tasks. To enhance the ability to capture multi-scale and high-dimensional semantic features, the switchable atrous convolution (SAC) module was embedded into the backbone network. This module dynamically adjusted its receptive field according to spatial context, enabling more precise extraction of local and global texture details of Chenopodium quinoa panicles. In order to reduce redundant parameters and maintain high computational efficiency, a slim-neck lightweight feature fusion layer was designed, which effectively strengthened the integration of shallow spatial information and deep semantic features, allowing the network to maintain high accuracy without increasing model complexity. Additionally, a deformable attention (DA) mechanism was introduced to enable adaptive focus on regions with rich panicle-related features while suppressing irrelevant background noise. This attention mechanism assigned dynamic weights across both spatial and channel dimensions, improving the model's robustness against occlusions, illumination variations, and complex field textures commonly encountered in UAV images. [Results and Discussions] Comprehensive field experiments were conducted using UAV images of Chenopodium quinoa plots collected under different environmental conditions and growth stages. The results demonstrated that the proposed YOLOv8n-SSND model achieved a mean average precision (mAP50) of 94.3%, showing a remarkable improvement over multiple baseline and comparative models. Specifically, compared with YOLOv11n-SSND, YOLOv11n, YOLOv12n, YOLOv7, YOLOv5s, single shot multibox detector (SSD), fast region-based convolutional neural network (Fast R-CNN) and YOLOv8n, the proposed model achieved improvements of 0.7, 0.9, 2.1, 1.4, 2.0, 23.1, 19.6 and 1.8 percentage points respectively (SSD and Fast R-CNN). In terms of computational efficiency, the inference speed reached 166.7 f/s, representing a 26.7% increase over the YOLOv8n baseline, which ensured real-time detection capability for UAV-mounted onboard processors. Moreover, the total operation count was reduced to 6.8 GFLOPs, reflecting a 16.0% reduction compared with the baseline model, thus demonstrating the improved efficiency of the proposed architecture. The experimental comparison also indicated that the integration of SAC enhanced the model's sensitivity to complex spatial patterns, while the DA module effectively improved feature selectivity and prevented overfitting to background textures. The Slim-Neck design contributed significantly to reducing parameter redundancy and facilitated smooth feature propagation across layers. [Conclusions] The YOLOv8n-SSND model effectively achieves a balance among detection accuracy, inference speed, and computational cost, making it well-suited for real-time UAV-based agricultural monitoring. The experimental outcomes confirm that the model not only provides high-precision detection of Chenopodium quinoa panicles but also offers superior inference efficiency with minimal computational resources. These characteristics make it a promising solution for UAV-deployed intelligent agricultural systems, where power and processing capacity are limited. Furthermore, the proposed method provides a technical foundation for large-scale and automated monitoring of Chenopodium quinoa growth, enabling accurate yield estimation, phenotypic analysis, and precision crop management.
, authors=Tingting WU
1, Junrui GUO
1, Qiujie TAO
1, Shihua CHEN
2, Shanli GUO
2, authorsList=Tingting WU, Junrui GUO, Qiujie TAO, Shihua CHEN, Shanli GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shanli GUO, authorNote=
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, copyrightStatement=copyright©2026 by the authors, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281692337311036334, articleId=1281692333376779164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, language=CN, title=YOLOv8n-SSND:改进的无人机航拍藜麦穗目标检测轻量模型, columnId=1281692318893839082, journalTitle=智慧农业(中英文), columnName=专题--多源遥感驱动数字农业创新与实践, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
【目的/意义】 藜麦穗是藜麦产量评估的重要指标之一。为提高藜麦穗目标检测精度和检测效率,提出一种适用于无人机搭载的目标识别轻量模型YOLOv8n-SSND(YOLOv8n with Switchable Atrous Convolution, Slim Neck, and Deformable Attention)。 【方法】 以YOLOv8n和YOLOv11n为基准模型,考虑藜麦穗形态大小不一及结构复杂,在Backbone层加入可切换空洞卷积模块以提升检测复杂特征的能力;引入Slim-Neck特征融合层,轻量化主干网络;添加可变形注意力机制,使模型能够动态识别藜麦穗部的复杂特征,同时保持较高的推理效率。 【结果和讨论】 YOLOv8n-SSND模型平均精度均值达94.3%,相较于YOLOv11n-SSND、YOLOv11n、YOLOv12n、YOLOv7、YOLOv5s、SSD(Single Shot MultiBox Detector)、Fast R-CNN(Fast Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network)和YOLOv8n模型,分别提升0.7、0.9、2.1、1.4、2.0、23.1、19.6、1.8个百分点。该模型推理速度达166.7帧/s,较基准模型提高26.7%;计算量为6.8 GFLOPs,较基准模型降低16.0%。 【结论】 YOLOv8n-SSND模型在藜麦穗部识别上表现出更高的精确度、更快的推理速度以及更少的浮点运算量,为无人机搭载针对藜麦穗部的藜麦目标检测提供了可行方法,也为藜麦产量评估与智能农业管理提供了高效的技术方案。
, authors=吴婷婷
1, 郭俊睿
1, 陶秋洁
1, 陈世华
2, 郭善利
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The enhanced dataset of Chenopodium quinoa Willd spikelets, figureFileSmall=aZH34G5qjn0peMlG1C9TuQ==, figureFileBig=6yaczgTZb5BjyUMQoOQAUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1282336248417206562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
经过增强后的藜麦穗数据集a. 原始图像 b. 亮度调整图像 c. 翻转图像 d. 锐化图像
, figureFileSmall=aZH34G5qjn0peMlG1C9TuQ==, figureFileBig=6yaczgTZb5BjyUMQoOQAUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1282336250065568035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Network structure of YOLOv8n, figureFileSmall=bMAFNapJU0pYND2oqZeCmQ==, figureFileBig=yKHqnEzQFBLmMlhyP5kYtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1282336250174619940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
YOLOv8n的网络结构, figureFileSmall=bMAFNapJU0pYND2oqZeCmQ==, figureFileBig=yKHqnEzQFBLmMlhyP5kYtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1282336250237534501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Improved structure of YOLOv8n network, figureFileSmall=mjs5Gv1O8N0dYMKZdaKKZA==, figureFileBig=9me6BSmWNyktF1tE4aiZVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1282336250304643366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
改进的YOLOv8n网络结构图, figureFileSmall=mjs5Gv1O8N0dYMKZdaKKZA==, figureFileBig=9me6BSmWNyktF1tE4aiZVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1282336250371752231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Specific implementation of SAC, figureFileSmall=s0oDa34pAJESlvuOKM5lhg==, figureFileBig=SDQ46lU7/U6bjLehL71hOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1282336250447249704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
SAC的具体实现方式, figureFileSmall=s0oDa34pAJESlvuOKM5lhg==, figureFileBig=SDQ46lU7/U6bjLehL71hOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1282336250531135785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Structure of the GSConv module, figureFileSmall=sV8yYMXbt5fnLhmqPXD6rw==, figureFileBig=Aua0O/MnDNBvkWK83Mrxnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1282336250615021866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
GSConv模块的结构, figureFileSmall=sV8yYMXbt5fnLhmqPXD6rw==, figureFileBig=Aua0O/MnDNBvkWK83Mrxnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1282336250677936427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Structure of the VoV-GSCSP module, figureFileSmall=5UDn1hcbRGxg3tl7l+uhMw==, figureFileBig=6KLjH4adgM8idkuXceQRqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1282336250740850988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
VoV-GSCSP模块的结构, figureFileSmall=5UDn1hcbRGxg3tl7l+uhMw==, figureFileBig=6KLjH4adgM8idkuXceQRqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1282336250824737069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Schematic diagram of DA implementation, figureFileSmall=Be3armZrkkvaCosP7Avmwg==, figureFileBig=DFVQmEwt18PWjCUO2oQH1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1282336250891845934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
DA实现原理图, figureFileSmall=Be3armZrkkvaCosP7Avmwg==, figureFileBig=DFVQmEwt18PWjCUO2oQH1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1282336250958954799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
Comparison chart of detection results of aerial images of Chenopodium quinoa Willd grains by YOLOv8n-SSND and YOLOv8n, figureFileSmall=RwbcxhC4DZhFDwAEYW/BVw==, figureFileBig=3Y13MYprZRPr+r/fof3/Ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1282336251030257968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
YOLOv8n-SSND与YOLOv8n对航拍藜麦穗检测结果对比图, figureFileSmall=RwbcxhC4DZhFDwAEYW/BVw==, figureFileBig=3Y13MYprZRPr+r/fof3/Ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1282336251093172529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Channel parameters of the multispectral camera
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| 通道 | 中心波长/nm | 半波宽/nm | 反射率校正系数/% |
|---|
| Blue | 475 | 20 | 48.871 |
| Green | 560 | 20 | 49.028 |
| Red | 668 | 10 | 49.028 |
| Red-edge | 717 | 10 | 48.969 |
| NIR | 840 | 40 | 48.758 |
), ArticleFig(id=1282336251156087090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
多光谱相机的通道参数
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| 通道 | 中心波长/nm | 半波宽/nm | 反射率校正系数/% |
|---|
| Blue | 475 | 20 | 48.871 |
| Green | 560 | 20 | 49.028 |
| Red | 668 | 10 | 49.028 |
| Red-edge | 717 | 10 | 48.969 |
| NIR | 840 | 40 | 48.758 |
), ArticleFig(id=1282336251227390259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Comparison of DA and other attention mechanisms in the aerial photography-based Chenopodium quinoa willd spike target detection model
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 模型大小/MB | P/% | R/% | mAP50/% | 计算量/GFLOPs | Params/M | FPS/(帧/s) |
|---|
| YOLOv8n-DA | 6.8 | 89.1 | 86.7 | 93.6 | 8.3 | 3.3 | 87.7 |
| YOLOv8n-HA | 16.9 | 89.8 | 85.7 | 93.4 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 294.1 |
| YOLOv8n-DLKA | 9.8 | 89.0 | 85.9 | 93.2 | 9.5 | 4.8 | 185.2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1282336251294499124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
DA与其他注意力机制对航拍藜麦穗目标检测模型中的对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 模型大小/MB | P/% | R/% | mAP50/% | 计算量/GFLOPs | Params/M | FPS/(帧/s) |
|---|
| YOLOv8n-DA | 6.8 | 89.1 | 86.7 | 93.6 | 8.3 | 3.3 | 87.7 |
| YOLOv8n-HA | 16.9 | 89.8 | 85.7 | 93.4 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 294.1 |
| YOLOv8n-DLKA | 9.8 | 89.0 | 85.9 | 93.2 | 9.5 | 4.8 | 185.2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1282336251395162421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Aerial photography-based comparison experiment of benchmark models for Chenopodium quinoa Willd grain target detection
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 模型大小/MB | P/% | R/% | mAP50/% | 计算量/GFLOPs | Params/M | FPS/(帧/s) |
|---|
| YOLOv8n | 6.3 | 90.4 | 84.0 | 92.5 | 8.1 | 3.0 | 131.6 |
| YOLOv11n | 5.5 | 89.6 | 85.0 | 93.4 | 6.3 | 2.6 | 59.5 |
| YOLOv12n | 5.4 | 87.9 | 83.9 | 92.2 | 5.8 | 2.5 | 243.9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1282336251466465590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
航拍藜麦穗目标检测基准模型对比实验
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 模型大小/MB | P/% | R/% | mAP50/% | 计算量/GFLOPs | Params/M | FPS/(帧/s) |
|---|
| YOLOv8n | 6.3 | 90.4 | 84.0 | 92.5 | 8.1 | 3.0 | 131.6 |
| YOLOv11n | 5.5 | 89.6 | 85.0 | 93.4 | 6.3 | 2.6 | 59.5 |
| YOLOv12n | 5.4 | 87.9 | 83.9 | 92.2 | 5.8 | 2.5 | 243.9 |
), ArticleFig(id=1282336251537768759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Ablation experiments on the aerial Chenopodium quinoa Willd spike target detection model based on by YOLOv8n
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| YOLOv8n | SAC | Slim-Neck | DA | 模型大小/MB | P/% | R/% | mAP50/% | 计算量/GFLOPs | Params/M | FPS/(帧/s) |
|---|
| √ | × | × | × | 6.3 | 90.4 | 84.0 | 92.5 | 8.1 | 3.0 | 131.6 |
| √ | √ | × | × | 6.9 | 89.0 | 87.6 | 93.8 | 7.4 | 3.3 | 108.7 |
| √ | × | √ | × | 5.9 | 87.9 | 84.9 | 92.7 | 7.3 | 2.8 | 204.1 |
| √ | × | × | √ | 6.8 | 89.1 | 86.7 | 93.6 | 8.3 | 3.3 | 87.7 |
| √ | √ | √ | × | 6.5 | 89.6 | 85.7 | 93.4 | 6.6 | 3.4 | 208.3 |
| √ | √ | × | √ | 7.5 | 89.6 | 86.9 | 93.9 | 7.6 | 3.6 | 270.3 |
| √ | × | √ | √ | 6.5 | 88.3 | 86.8 | 93.2 | 7.5 | 3.1 | 227.3 |
| √ | √ | √ | √ | 7.1 | 90.8 | 86.2 | 94.3 | 6.8 | 3.4 | 166.7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1282336251604877624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
基于YOLOv8n的航拍藜麦穗目标检测模型消融实验
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| YOLOv8n | SAC | Slim-Neck | DA | 模型大小/MB | P/% | R/% | mAP50/% | 计算量/GFLOPs | Params/M | FPS/(帧/s) |
|---|
| √ | × | × | × | 6.3 | 90.4 | 84.0 | 92.5 | 8.1 | 3.0 | 131.6 |
| √ | √ | × | × | 6.9 | 89.0 | 87.6 | 93.8 | 7.4 | 3.3 | 108.7 |
| √ | × | √ | × | 5.9 | 87.9 | 84.9 | 92.7 | 7.3 | 2.8 | 204.1 |
| √ | × | × | √ | 6.8 | 89.1 | 86.7 | 93.6 | 8.3 | 3.3 | 87.7 |
| √ | √ | √ | × | 6.5 | 89.6 | 85.7 | 93.4 | 6.6 | 3.4 | 208.3 |
| √ | √ | × | √ | 7.5 | 89.6 | 86.9 | 93.9 | 7.6 | 3.6 | 270.3 |
| √ | × | √ | √ | 6.5 | 88.3 | 86.8 | 93.2 | 7.5 | 3.1 | 227.3 |
| √ | √ | √ | √ | 7.1 | 90.8 | 86.2 | 94.3 | 6.8 | 3.4 | 166.7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1282336251701346617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Ablation experiments on the aerial Chenopodium quinoa Willd spike target detection model based on by YOLOv11n
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| YOLOv11 | SAC | Slim-Neck | DA | 模型大小/MB | P/% | R/% | mAP50/% | 计算量/GFLOPs | Params/M | FPS/(帧/s) |
|---|
| √ | × | × | × | 5.5 | 89.6 | 85.0 | 93.4 | 6.3 | 2.6 | 59.5 |
| √ | √ | × | × | 7.8 | 90.4 | 85.8 | 93.8 | 6.5 | 3.7 | 166.7 |
| √ | × | √ | × | 5.9 | 88.9 | 84.7 | 92.7 | 6.4 | 2.8 | 217.4 |
| √ | × | × | √ | 6.1 | 89.7 | 83.3 | 92.2 | 6.5 | 2.9 | 222.2 |
| √ | √ | √ | × | 8.9 | 89.0 | 86.1 | 93.2 | 7.8 | 4.2 | 125.0 |
| √ | √ | × | √ | 8.4 | 89.7 | 85.1 | 93.6 | 6.7 | 4.0 | 131.6 |
| √ | × | √ | √ | 6.5 | 88.4 | 85.7 | 93.2 | 6.6 | 3.1 | 172.4 |
| √ | √ | √ | √ | 9.4 | 89.2 | 85.9 | 93.6 | 8.1 | 4.5 | 137.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1282336251793621306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
基于YOLOv11n的航拍藜麦穗目标检测模型消融实验
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| YOLOv11 | SAC | Slim-Neck | DA | 模型大小/MB | P/% | R/% | mAP50/% | 计算量/GFLOPs | Params/M | FPS/(帧/s) |
|---|
| √ | × | × | × | 5.5 | 89.6 | 85.0 | 93.4 | 6.3 | 2.6 | 59.5 |
| √ | √ | × | × | 7.8 | 90.4 | 85.8 | 93.8 | 6.5 | 3.7 | 166.7 |
| √ | × | √ | × | 5.9 | 88.9 | 84.7 | 92.7 | 6.4 | 2.8 | 217.4 |
| √ | × | × | √ | 6.1 | 89.7 | 83.3 | 92.2 | 6.5 | 2.9 | 222.2 |
| √ | √ | √ | × | 8.9 | 89.0 | 86.1 | 93.2 | 7.8 | 4.2 | 125.0 |
| √ | √ | × | √ | 8.4 | 89.7 | 85.1 | 93.6 | 6.7 | 4.0 | 131.6 |
| √ | × | √ | √ | 6.5 | 88.4 | 85.7 | 93.2 | 6.6 | 3.1 | 172.4 |
| √ | √ | √ | √ | 9.4 | 89.2 | 85.9 | 93.6 | 8.1 | 4.5 | 137.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1282336251869118779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Comparison performance results of different models for target detection of Chenopodium quinoa Willd grains
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 模型 | 模型大小/MB | P/% | R/% | mAP50/% | 计算量/GFLOPs | Params/M | FPS/(帧/s) |
|---|
| YOLOv8n-SSND | 7.1 | 90.8 | 86.2 | 94.3 | 6.8 | 3.4 | 166.7 |
| YOLOv11n-SSND | 9.4 | 89.2 | 85.9 | 93.6 | 8.1 | 4.5 | 136.7 |
| YOLOv11n | 5.5 | 89.6 | 85.0 | 93.4 | 6.3 | 2.6 | 250.0 |
| YOLOv12n | 5.4 | 87.9 | 83.9 | 92.2 | 5.8 | 2.5 | 243.9 |
| YOLOv7 | 71.3 | 88.0 | 86.4 | 92.9 | 103.2 | 36.9 | 53.2 |
| YOLOv5s | 3.9 | 89.4 | 86.2 | 92.3 | 4.1 | 7.0 | 119.1 |
| SSD | 90.6 | 79.0 | 62.6 | 71.2 | 30.4 | 23.3 | 135.3 |
| Fast R-CNN | 108.0 | 79.3 | 74.9 | 74.7 | 369.7 | 41.3 | 13.7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1282336251961393468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212937352253451, articleId=1281692333376779164, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
不同模型检测的航拍藜麦穗目标性能结果
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| 模型 | 模型大小/MB | P/% | R/% | mAP50/% | 计算量/GFLOPs | Params/M | FPS/(帧/s) |
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| YOLOv8n-SSND | 7.1 | 90.8 | 86.2 | 94.3 | 6.8 | 3.4 | 166.7 |
| YOLOv11n-SSND | 9.4 | 89.2 | 85.9 | 93.6 | 8.1 | 4.5 | 136.7 |
| YOLOv11n | 5.5 | 89.6 | 85.0 | 93.4 | 6.3 | 2.6 | 250.0 |
| YOLOv12n | 5.4 | 87.9 | 83.9 | 92.2 | 5.8 | 2.5 | 243.9 |
| YOLOv7 | 71.3 | 88.0 | 86.4 | 92.9 | 103.2 | 36.9 | 53.2 |
| YOLOv5s | 3.9 | 89.4 | 86.2 | 92.3 | 4.1 | 7.0 | 119.1 |
| SSD | 90.6 | 79.0 | 62.6 | 71.2 | 30.4 | 23.3 | 135.3 |
| Fast R-CNN | 108.0 | 79.3 | 74.9 | 74.7 | 369.7 | 41.3 | 13.7 |
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