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Article(id=1259565968137794314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, issueId=1259565961842123095, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2026.02.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727366400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-27, revisedDate=1736611200000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778233528408, onlineDateStr=2026-05-08, pubDate=1770652800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778233528408, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778233528408, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778233528408, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1259565961842123095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, year='2026', volume='30', issue='2', pageStart='125', pageEnd='242', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778233526907, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778233940379, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1259567696174301345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, issueId=1259565961842123095, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1259567696174301346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, issueId=1259565961842123095, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=219, endPage=226, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1259565970494993172, articleId=1259565968137794314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, language=EN, title=Study on the professional competency and development needs of pioneering talents in disease control and prevention in China, columnId=1259565970184614673, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Disease Control and Prevention, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

High-quality workers are key to new quality productive forces. This study aims to develop a framework for disease control and prevention professional competencies in China, assessing current competencies and training needs to enhance China's public health system and promote health nationwide. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study began with a literature review adapted to Chinese conditions to draft a preliminary competencies framework for disease control and prevention professional competencies, refined through expert consultations. An online survey based on this framework assessed these pioneering talents' competencies and training needs. Essential competencies identified include policy, legal, and management competencies; disease prevention and control competencies; global health governance competencies; and humanities, ethics, and communication competencies. The survey involved 70 pioneering talents, with disease prevention and control competencies scoring highest (16.73±3.40) and global health governance competencies lowest (11.47±4.12). Most participants expressed a need for further training, preferring offline courses, field visits, and simulations. As new quality productive forces require higher skills, China should focus on enhancing training for disease control leaders to improve public health outcomes and develop strategic talents for high-quality public health development.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LUO Sitong, E-mail:
LIANG Wannian, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zeying QIN, Chi RUAN, Siwen HUANG, Jingtao ZHOU, Jiaruo SUN, Yutong XU, Sitong LUO, Wannian LIANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1259565978652914514, articleId=1259565968137794314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, language=CN, title=我国疾病预防控制领域领军人才职业胜任力及培养需求研究, columnId=1259565971396768537, journalTitle=中华疾病控制杂志, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

更高素质的劳动者是新质生产力的第一要素。本综述旨在构建符合我国国情的疾病预防控制(简称疾控)领域领军人才能力框架，分析当前人才能力现状和培养需求，助力健全我国公共卫生体系，推进健康中国建设。采用混合研究方法，使用文献述评法并结合我国实际情况，初步构建我国疾控领域领军人才职业胜任力框架和内涵，并通过专家咨询进行修订完善。基于胜任力框架开发我国疾控领域领军人才能力现状及培养需求定量问卷并开展在线问卷调查。结果显示我国疾控领域领军人才职业胜任力包含4项能力，分别为政策法律管理能力、疾病防控应对能力，全球卫生治理能力、人文伦理传播能力。本综述共计调查全国70名疾控领域领军人才；4项能力中，疾病防控应对能力得分最高[(16.73±3.40)分]，全球卫生治理能力得分最低[(11.47±4.12)分]。多数研究对象表示需要进行相关能力培训，希望的授课方式均主要为线下培训授课、实地调研走访学习和模拟演练学习。新质生产力对劳动者提出了更高的知识和技能要求。未来，我国应加强疾控领域领军人才培养，补短板、筑长板，打造一批能够创造公共卫生新质生产力的战略人才，促进我国公共卫生事业高质量发展。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
罗思童，E-mail:
梁万年，E-mail:
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(2021-05-24)[2024-09-18]. https://language.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202105/24/WS60aafabea31024ad0bac0e2d.html., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1259565980032840543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565968137794314, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259565980066394976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565968137794314, companyId=1259565980032840543, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259565980129309537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565968137794314, companyId=1259565980032840543, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1清华大学万科公共卫生与健康学院，北京 100080)]), 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figureFileBig=Tvxc5CZseAGuumYGd0hrSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259565999213392891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565968137794314, language=CN, label=图1, caption=疾病预防控制领域领军人才职业胜任力框架, figureFileSmall=3Ns9Tx6ApsWZ5x4vWfQ0FQ==, figureFileBig=Tvxc5CZseAGuumYGd0hrSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259566000173887488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565968137794314, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Distribution of four core competencies of pioneering talents in disease control and prevention, figureFileSmall=WWbW6Ysb8SFlAdqLq9uJnA==, figureFileBig=JJLEJfKMwcZRS2nRzi6k5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259566000354242565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565968137794314, language=CN, label=图2, caption=疾病预防控制领域领军人才4项能力分布情况, figureFileSmall=WWbW6Ysb8SFlAdqLq9uJnA==, figureFileBig=JJLEJfKMwcZRS2nRzi6k5Q==, tableContent=null), 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figureFileBig=KvUFuh7aq0CFs71XLKBFxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259566001386041359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565968137794314, language=CN, label=图4, caption=疾病预防控制领域领军人才4项能力培训方式偏好, figureFileSmall=VTz5G8+iuweVMLbg1iH55g==, figureFileBig=KvUFuh7aq0CFs71XLKBFxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259566001461538833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565968137794314, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Demographic characteristics of pioneering talents in disease control and prevention

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量Variable人数Number百分比Percentage/%
性别Gender
  男性Male4665.7
  女性Female2434.3
年龄组/岁Age group/years
  30~＜4045.7
  40~＜503550.0
  50~＜602941.4
  ≥6022.9
最高学历Educational level
  博士研究生Doctoral degree2840.0
  硕士研究生Master's degree2840.0
  本科Undergraduate1318.6
  本科以下Below undergraduate11.4
最高学历所属专业The major to which the highest degree belongs
  卫生政策/卫生管理Health policy/Health management57.1
  流行病学/卫生统计学Epidemiology/Statistics2941.3
  社会医学/健康教育Social medicine/Health education45.7
  环境卫生/职业卫生/食品卫生Environmental sanitation/Occupational health/Food sanitation811.4
  病原学/实验室检验检测Etiology/Laboratory testing1115.7
  临床医学Clinical medicine811.4
  其他Others57.1
工作属地Work location
  东部Eastern1724.3
  中部Central2332.9
  西部Western3042.9
工作单位类别Work unit
  卫生健康委员会National health commission11.4
  疾病预防控制局Administration of disease prevention and control00.0
  疾病预防控制中心Center for disease control and prevention5882.9
  高校Colleges and universities45.7
  科研院所Scientific research institutes00.0
  医疗机构Medical institutions710.0
工作单位所属级别Work unit level
  国家级National912.9
  省级Provincial5781.4
  市级Municipal level45.7
目前从事专业领域(可多选) Current professional field(multiple selections)
  卫生应急Health emergency1927.1
  传染病防控Communicable diseases prevention and control3651.4
  公共卫生与预防医学Public health and preventive medicine2231.4
  卫生政策与管理Health policy and management1115.7
  实验室检验检测Laboratory testing1217.1
  健康传播、健康教育Health communication, health education57.1
  临床医学Clinical medicine710.0
工作年限/年Service year/year
  ＜1057.1
  10~＜201927.1
  20~＜302840.0
  30~＜401724.3
  ≥4011.4
职称Job title
  正高级Senior6491.4
  副高级Deputy senior68.6
行政职务Administrative duty
  是Yes3550.0
  否No3550.0
), ArticleFig(id=1259566001574785043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565968137794314, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

疾病预防控制领域领军人才基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量Variable人数Number百分比Percentage/%
性别Gender
  男性Male4665.7
  女性Female2434.3
年龄组/岁Age group/years
  30~＜4045.7
  40~＜503550.0
  50~＜602941.4
  ≥6022.9
最高学历Educational level
  博士研究生Doctoral degree2840.0
  硕士研究生Master's degree2840.0
  本科Undergraduate1318.6
  本科以下Below undergraduate11.4
最高学历所属专业The major to which the highest degree belongs
  卫生政策/卫生管理Health policy/Health management57.1
  流行病学/卫生统计学Epidemiology/Statistics2941.3
  社会医学/健康教育Social medicine/Health education45.7
  环境卫生/职业卫生/食品卫生Environmental sanitation/Occupational health/Food sanitation811.4
  病原学/实验室检验检测Etiology/Laboratory testing1115.7
  临床医学Clinical medicine811.4
  其他Others57.1
工作属地Work location
  东部Eastern1724.3
  中部Central2332.9
  西部Western3042.9
工作单位类别Work unit
  卫生健康委员会National health commission11.4
  疾病预防控制局Administration of disease prevention and control00.0
  疾病预防控制中心Center for disease control and prevention5882.9
  高校Colleges and universities45.7
  科研院所Scientific research institutes00.0
  医疗机构Medical institutions710.0
工作单位所属级别Work unit level
  国家级National912.9
  省级Provincial5781.4
  市级Municipal level45.7
目前从事专业领域(可多选) Current professional field(multiple selections)
  卫生应急Health emergency1927.1
  传染病防控Communicable diseases prevention and control3651.4
  公共卫生与预防医学Public health and preventive medicine2231.4
  卫生政策与管理Health policy and management1115.7
  实验室检验检测Laboratory testing1217.1
  健康传播、健康教育Health communication, health education57.1
  临床医学Clinical medicine710.0
工作年限/年Service year/year
  ＜1057.1
  10~＜201927.1
  20~＜302840.0
  30~＜401724.3
  ≥4011.4
职称Job title
  正高级Senior6491.4
  副高级Deputy senior68.6
行政职务Administrative duty
  是Yes3550.0
  否No3550.0
), ArticleFig(id=1259566001776111637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565968137794314, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Distribution of four core competencies of pioneering talents in disease control and prevention in various professional fields

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
专业领域
Professional field		政策法律管理能力
Policy, legal, and
management
competencies①		疾病防控应对能力
Disease prevention
and control
competencies①		全球卫生治理能力
Global health
governance
competencies①		人文伦理传播能力
Humanities, ethics,
and communication
competencies①
卫生应急Health emergency16.37±3.0017.47±2.9510.47±2.9115.42±2.17
传染病防控Communicable diseases prevention and control16.78±3.9117.72±3.3011.78±3.9415.83±3.39
公共卫生与预防医学Public health and preventive medicine16.68±3.1817.00±2.2311.95±3.7117.55±2.61
卫生政策与管理Health policy and management16.55±2.9514.36±2.5810.09±3.7516.18±3.28
实验室检验检测Laboratory testing15.95±3.1815.10±2.3910.50±3.0615.33±3.28
健康传播、健康教育Health communication, health education15.80±3.3513.80±3.779.40±3.9816.00±4.42
临床医学Clinical medicine20.43±4.0819.00±4.1213.57±5.1620.29±4.35
), ArticleFig(id=1259566001914523671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565968137794314, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

疾病预防控制领域领军人才不同专业领域人员能力分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
专业领域
Professional field		政策法律管理能力
Policy, legal, and
management
competencies①		疾病防控应对能力
Disease prevention
and control
competencies①		全球卫生治理能力
Global health
governance
competencies①		人文伦理传播能力
Humanities, ethics,
and communication
competencies①
卫生应急Health emergency16.37±3.0017.47±2.9510.47±2.9115.42±2.17
传染病防控Communicable diseases prevention and control16.78±3.9117.72±3.3011.78±3.9415.83±3.39
公共卫生与预防医学Public health and preventive medicine16.68±3.1817.00±2.2311.95±3.7117.55±2.61
卫生政策与管理Health policy and management16.55±2.9514.36±2.5810.09±3.7516.18±3.28
实验室检验检测Laboratory testing15.95±3.1815.10±2.3910.50±3.0615.33±3.28
健康传播、健康教育Health communication, health education15.80±3.3513.80±3.779.40±3.9816.00±4.42
临床医学Clinical medicine20.43±4.0819.00±4.1213.57±5.1620.29±4.35
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我国疾病预防控制领域领军人才职业胜任力及培养需求研究
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秦泽盈 1, 2 , 阮驰 1, 2 , 黄思文 1, 2 , 周荆韬 1, 2 , 孙嘉若 3 , 徐裕彤 1, 2 , 罗思童 1, 2 , 梁万年 1, 2
中华疾病控制杂志 | 综述 2026,30(2): 219-226
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中华疾病控制杂志 | 综述 2026, 30(2): 219-226
我国疾病预防控制领域领军人才职业胜任力及培养需求研究
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秦泽盈1, 2, 阮驰1, 2, 黄思文1, 2, 周荆韬1, 2, 孙嘉若3, 徐裕彤1, 2, 罗思童1, 2 , 梁万年1, 2
作者信息
  • 1清华大学万科公共卫生与健康学院，北京 100080
  • 2清华大学健康中国研究院，北京 100080
  • 3大连市卫生健康委员会，机关党委办公室(人事处)，辽宁 116001

通讯作者:

罗思童，E-mail:
梁万年，E-mail:
Study on the professional competency and development needs of pioneering talents in disease control and prevention in China
Zeying QIN1, 2, Chi RUAN1, 2, Siwen HUANG1, 2, Jingtao ZHOU1, 2, Jiaruo SUN3, Yutong XU1, 2, Sitong LUO1, 2 , Wannian LIANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • 2Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • 3Health Commission of Dalian, The Office of the Party Committee (Personnel Department) of the Government Agency, Liaoning 116001, China
出版时间: 2026-02-10 doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2026.02.013
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摘要
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更高素质的劳动者是新质生产力的第一要素。本综述旨在构建符合我国国情的疾病预防控制(简称疾控)领域领军人才能力框架，分析当前人才能力现状和培养需求，助力健全我国公共卫生体系，推进健康中国建设。采用混合研究方法，使用文献述评法并结合我国实际情况，初步构建我国疾控领域领军人才职业胜任力框架和内涵，并通过专家咨询进行修订完善。基于胜任力框架开发我国疾控领域领军人才能力现状及培养需求定量问卷并开展在线问卷调查。结果显示我国疾控领域领军人才职业胜任力包含4项能力，分别为政策法律管理能力、疾病防控应对能力，全球卫生治理能力、人文伦理传播能力。本综述共计调查全国70名疾控领域领军人才；4项能力中，疾病防控应对能力得分最高[(16.73±3.40)分]，全球卫生治理能力得分最低[(11.47±4.12)分]。多数研究对象表示需要进行相关能力培训，希望的授课方式均主要为线下培训授课、实地调研走访学习和模拟演练学习。新质生产力对劳动者提出了更高的知识和技能要求。未来，我国应加强疾控领域领军人才培养，补短板、筑长板，打造一批能够创造公共卫生新质生产力的战略人才，促进我国公共卫生事业高质量发展。

新质生产力  /  领军人才  /  职业胜任力  /  培养需求  /  培养方式

High-quality workers are key to new quality productive forces. This study aims to develop a framework for disease control and prevention professional competencies in China, assessing current competencies and training needs to enhance China's public health system and promote health nationwide. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study began with a literature review adapted to Chinese conditions to draft a preliminary competencies framework for disease control and prevention professional competencies, refined through expert consultations. An online survey based on this framework assessed these pioneering talents' competencies and training needs. Essential competencies identified include policy, legal, and management competencies; disease prevention and control competencies; global health governance competencies; and humanities, ethics, and communication competencies. The survey involved 70 pioneering talents, with disease prevention and control competencies scoring highest (16.73±3.40) and global health governance competencies lowest (11.47±4.12). Most participants expressed a need for further training, preferring offline courses, field visits, and simulations. As new quality productive forces require higher skills, China should focus on enhancing training for disease control leaders to improve public health outcomes and develop strategic talents for high-quality public health development.

New quality productive forces  /  Pioneering talents  /  Professional competency  /  Competency development needs  /  Competency development methods
秦泽盈, 阮驰, 黄思文, 周荆韬, 孙嘉若, 徐裕彤, 罗思童, 梁万年. 我国疾病预防控制领域领军人才职业胜任力及培养需求研究. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2026 , 30 (2) : 219 -226 . DOI: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2026.02.013
Zeying QIN, Chi RUAN, Siwen HUANG, Jingtao ZHOU, Jiaruo SUN, Yutong XU, Sitong LUO, Wannian LIANG. Study on the professional competency and development needs of pioneering talents in disease control and prevention in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Disease Control and Prevention, 2026 , 30 (2) : 219 -226 . DOI: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2026.02.013
正文
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新型冠状病毒感染(简称新冠)大流行对世界产生了深远影响，降低了全球化程度，加剧了人口贫困和不平等，重塑了世界格局[1]。新冠疫情期间，世界各国的医疗卫生均暴露出医疗资源和卫生人力极度短缺问题[2]。我国3年抗疫深刻反映出疾病预防控制(简称疾控)系统高水平人才严重不足的问题。人才短缺已成为制约公共卫生事业高质量发展的瓶颈[3]。我国疾控人才数量严重不足与质量不高的问题亟需重视，培养疾控领域领军人才迫在眉睫[4]。
在推动高质量发展的伟大进程中，其内在要求和重要着力点为发展新质生产力，“劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升”是新质生产力的基本内涵[5]。其中，更高素质的劳动者是新质生产力的第一要素，新质生产力对劳动者的知识和技能提出更高要求。发展新质生产力，需要能够创造新质生产力的战略人才，其中包括疾控领域领军人才等能够熟练掌握新质生产资料的应用型人才，他们具备多维知识结构且熟练掌握新型生产工具[6]。
疾控领域领军人才在抗击传染病大流行等重大公共卫生事件中发挥着关键作用。特别是在突发公共卫生事件发生时，疾控系统应当迅速组建高效的团队，这需要专业知识和经验丰富的人员进行资源的统筹和协调，并能迅速地提供应对的科学依据和决策支持，以确保相关防控工作的有序和顺利进行[4]。为加强我国公共卫生安全和提升卫生系统的应变能力，国家卫生健康委员会办公厅、国家疾病预防控制局等四部门发布《高水平公共卫生学院建设指南》，明确指出要加快培养能在突发公共卫生事件和重大疫情应急处置中“一锤定音”的领军人才[7]。
自新冠疫情发生以来，各省市及时响应国家相关人才政策，积极开展疾控领域跨学科人才队伍的建设。湖北省卫生健康委员会于2021年发布《湖北省“公共卫生领军人才培养计划”实施方案》[8]。重庆市卫生健康委员会《关于加强公共卫生人才队伍建设的若干措施》明确提到要加快提升公共卫生人才队伍，实施国际化人才培养工程、骨干人才培养工程、规范化培训工程和后备人才储备工程[9]。湖南省卫生健康委员会强调省内应重点针对在新冠肺炎疫情防控工作中暴露出的公共卫生人才培养短板和问题, 切实加强公共卫生人才培养力度[10]。四川省发布“卫生健康英才计划”实施办法，计划在2022―2030年选拔培养200名左右卫生健康首席专家、400名左右卫生健康领军人才，以推动卫生健康人才队伍建设[11]。
目前，我国对疾控领域领军人才的定义及其具备的能力尚未有准确的定义。总体而言，疾控领域领军人才是指符合未来需求、能够灵活应对未来挑战的懂技术、善管理、敢创新、识大局、有情怀的人才，能为构筑强大的公共卫生体系、全面提高重大疫情防控能力，发挥“一锤定音”的领军作用[3, 7]。本综述将基于新质生产力对应用型人才的需求，构建我国疾控领域领军人才职业胜任力框架，并对我国当前疾控领域领军人才的能力现状和培养需求进行分析。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　研究方法
1.1.1　文献述评法
文献资料类型包括2类：(1)已发表的文献资料：通过系统检索PubMed/Medline、Web of Science、CNKI等国内外数据库，通过主题词和自由词检索国内外有关公共卫生人才、疾控人才、领军人才核心胜任力(public health professionals, talents in disease control and prevention, professional competency of pioneering talents in public health)等相关文献，梳理国内外高层次疾控领域疾控人才相关研究现状及结果，并归纳核心主题内容。(2)官方政策性、技术性材料：主要为国内外政府、中国疾病预防控制中心(Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC)等部门既往已发布的相关资料。
1.1.2　专家咨询法
共邀请12位国家及部分重点省份疾病防控、卫生健康、卫生人力等领域的行业专家及教育专家开展定性访谈，征求专家意见并进行基本框架和内涵的修订。
1.1.3　问卷调查法
基于疾控领域领军人才职业胜任力框架，设计自填式问卷，定向选取全国已公布的疾控领域领军人才建设名单人员，开展电子问卷调查。研究对象由其所属地方卫生健康委员会、疾病预防控制局和中华预防医学会协助招募。每份问卷填写时间约为5 min。调查问卷内容主要包括基本信息、自我能力评估、能力培养需求及能力培养方式偏好4项内容。基本信息主要包括人口学信息和工作信息两方面。自我能力评估基于框架4项能力进行设计，每项能力均含6个子条目，每个条目均采取Likert 4级评分(1=不具备、2=能力有限、3=比较熟练、4=非常熟练)，4项能力总分均为24分，总分越高表明该部分能力越强。每项能力的培养需求各有1个条目，采用Likert 5级评分(非常需要、比较需要、一般、不太需要及不需要)。每项能力各有1个培养方式条目，为多选题。在质量控制方面，由2名受过专业训练的质量控制员在问卷后台进行质量控制，同时在问卷中设置注意力甄别题。
1.2　统计学方法
采用SPSS 28.0软件进行统计分析。分类变量使用频数和百分比进行描述，连续型变量使用x±s进行描述。
2　研究结果
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2.1　疾控领域领军人才职业胜任力框架
本综述认为我国疾控领域领军人才应具备4项能力：政策法律管理能力、疾病防控应对能力、全球卫生治理能力、人文伦理传播能力。每项能力各含6个子项能力，用以体现各项能力的具体内涵。见图 1。
2.2　疾控领域领军人才能力现状及培养需求
2.2.1　研究对象基本情况
共调查70人，回收有效问卷70份，作答有效率为100%。其中，男性46人，女性24人。50%的研究对象年龄集中于40~ < 50岁。见表 1。
2.2.2　4项能力现况比较分析
能力总平均分的高低排序依次为疾病防控应对能力[(16.73±3.40)分]、政策法律管理能力[(16.41±3.88)分]、人文伦理传播能力[(16.11±3.62)分]、全球卫生治理能力[(11.47±4.12)分]。见图 2。
2.2.3　4项能力在不同专业领域人员的分布情况
结果显示，在全球卫生治理能力方面，各个专业领域人员均显示为4项能力中的最低水平。同时，4项能力在不同专业领域人员的横向和纵向比较上均存在水平分布不均的情况。见表 2。
2.2.4　4项能力培训需求情况
在4项能力的培训需求中，均有80%以上的研究对象表示需要。见图 3。
2.2.5　能力培训方式偏好情况
在4项能力中研究对象均最偏好线下培训授课方式，其次为实地调研走访学习、模拟演练学习方式。培训方式偏好的普及率展示见图 4。
3　讨论
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为促进我国卫生健康事业高质量发展，推动公共卫生新质生产力加快发展，明确疾控领域领军人才的能力建设要求和培养需求十分必要。本综述通过构建疾控领域领军人才职业胜任力框架及内涵，首次阐述了当前及未来形势下我国疾控领域领军人才所需要具备的能力。而后通过问卷调查描述了目前我国疾控领域领军人才能力的现状，并阐述了我国疾控领域领军人才能力提升的培养需求和培养方式。
本综述表明，我国疾控领域领军人才应在政策法律管理能力、疾病防控应对能力、全球卫生治理能力、人文伦理传播能力4个方面加强知识培养、技术掌握和实战应用。西方主要国家在公共卫生高层次人才队伍建设方面，主要注重实战经验[12]，强调全球视野的重要性，要求对全球公共卫生问题保持高度关注[13]，还注重探索实践中的伦理考虑和困境[14]。我国在此基础上，更加强调要在“平时”和“战时”的疾病防控工作中，以人为本，坚持科学施策，统筹系统应对，坚持人类卫生健康共同体理念，强调团结合作，同舟共济，坚持公平合理，彰显大国担当。
目前我国疾控领域领军人才在4项能力水平方面需要补短板、筑长板。得分最高的为疾病防控应对能力，显示出当前入选疾控领域领军人才的对象已具备扎实的工作技能和良好的综合素质。但鉴于当前医药科技、生命科学正处于广交叉、深融合，疾控领域领军人才也必须紧跟科技变革和产业变革，不断培养熟练掌握新型生产工具以应对公共卫生的挑战。得分最低的为全球卫生治理能力，且培训需求也最低，可能是因为目前我国疾控领域领军人才在相关能力方面的欠缺及相关的理解认知不足。当前，以新发突发传染病防控为例的公共卫生事业已成为国际合作的主要方面，同时也是大国博弈的关键焦点。《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》中明确提出，“实施中国全球卫生战略，全方位积极推进人口健康领域的国际合作”[15]。新冠疫情期间，关于“人类荣辱与共、命运相连。面对传染病大流行，我们要秉持人类卫生健康共同体理念，团结合作、共克时艰”曾被多次强调[16]。因此，未来应加强疾控领域领军人才的全球卫生治理能力培养，以期为全球卫生健康事业贡献中国智慧和中国方案。
在能力培养方式上，本研究的疾控领域领军人才专业分布较广，对各项能力提升的培养需求也各有差异。未来应通过多元化的培养方式，满足疾控领域领军人才能力培养的不同需求。此外，建议相关组织部门制定合理有效的重点人才培养策略并为疾控领域领军人才能力建设培养机制提供相应的保障支持。对已经明确成为疾控领域领军人才的人群应当进行培训资源倾斜，提供开放、共享及可持续的多方资源，确保其一直具备知识与技能的先进性，符合时代发展趋势。
本综述使用混合研究方法，详细梳理并分析了我国疾控领域领军人才的胜任力要求、能力现状和培养需求，研究结果将为我国疾控领域领军人才标准化能力建设和培养提供重要参考依据，也可能为我国建设有韧性的公共卫生体系、加强疾控事业高质量发展提供参考依据，具有重要的理论和实践意义。
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doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2026.02.013
  • 接收时间：2024-09-27
  • 首发时间：2026-05-08
  • 出版时间：2026-02-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-09-27
  • 修回日期：2025-01-12
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    1清华大学万科公共卫生与健康学院，北京 100080
    2清华大学健康中国研究院，北京 100080
    3大连市卫生健康委员会，机关党委办公室(人事处)，辽宁 116001

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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