Article(id=1259565966598463841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, issueId=1259565961842123095, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2026.02.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748275200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-27, revisedDate=1764086400000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778233528041, onlineDateStr=2026-05-08, pubDate=1770652800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778233528041, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778233528041, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778233528041, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1259565961842123095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, year='2026', volume='30', issue='2', pageStart='125', pageEnd='242', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778233526907, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778233940379, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1259567696174301345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, issueId=1259565961842123095, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1259567696174301346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, issueId=1259565961842123095, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=153, endPage=160, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1259565969014382962, articleId=1259565966598463841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, language=EN, title=Qualitative study on influencing factors in the surveillance and reporting of pneumonia of unknown etiology, columnId=1259565965784789759, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Disease Control and Prevention, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To explore the current perceptions, challenges, and recommendations of clinical physicians, hospital administrators, and centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) staff regarding the surveillance and reporting of pneumonia of unknown etiology (PUE).
Methods In July 2024 and January 2025, one-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted with clinicians, administrators, and CDC staff from various medical institutions in Chongqing Municipality and Jingzhou City, Hubei Province. The interview outline was designed based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, with interview content was coded, categorized and analyzed using Nvivo 15.0.
Results Forty participants were included: 17 clinicians, 13 hospital administrators, and 10 CDC staff. Across PUE surveillance and reporting practices, facilitators and barriers were identified at the levels of characteristics of individuals, intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting and process. The top three facilitators were familiarity with monitoring protocols and systems, sufficient resource support, and a well-established implementation environment. The top three barriers were the need to improve the specificity of case definitions, complex reporting procedures, and a lack of information technology and incentive mechanisms.
Conclusions This study indicate that PUE surveillance and reporting are influenced by factors including characteristics of individuals, intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting and implementation processes. These findings suggest that optimization of PUE surveillance and reporting requires establishing effective incentive mechanisms, strengthening informatization, and expanding surveillance pathways, with the aim of enhancing the efficiency and quality of surveillance and reporting.
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目的 了解当前临床医生、医院管理人员和疾病预防控制中心(简称疾控中心)工作人员对不明原因肺炎(pneumonia of unknown etiology, PUE)病例监测和报告现状的认识及建议。
方法 2024年7月和2025年1月,选取重庆市、湖北省荆州市疾控中心相关人员、各级各类医疗机构临床医生和管理人员进行一对一深度访谈,访谈提纲基于实施性研究综合框架设计,采用Nvivo 15.0软件对访谈内容进行编码归类和分析。
结果 共纳入40名访谈对象,临床医生、医院管理人员、疾控中心人员分别为17名、13名和10名。PUE监测报告中,临床医生、医院管理人员、疾控中心人员的个人特征、干预方案特征、外部环境、内部环境和实施过程均存在相关促进和阻碍因素。前3个促进因素是熟悉监测方案和系统、可用资源支持、实施环境完善; 前3个阻碍因素是病例定义特异度有待提高、报告流程复杂、缺少信息化和激励机制。
结论 研究发现PUE病例监测报告受个人特征、干预方案特征、外部环境、内部环境及实施过程等因素影响,提示优化PUE病例监测报告需从建立有效激励机制、加强信息化建设及拓展监测路径等方面着手,以提升监测报告的效率和质量。
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1, 2, 3, 4, address=
1School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
2State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Beijing 100005, China
3Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control, Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100005, China
4Public Health Emergency Management Innovation Center of Beijing Higher Education Innovation Center for Philosophy and Social Sciences, Beijing 100005, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1259565979810521570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, authorId=1259565978753556951, language=CN, stringName=琦波尔, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, 4, address=
1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院,北京 100730
2呼吸与共病全国重点实验室,北京 100005
3北京协和医学院病原体感染防控教育部重点实验室,北京 100005
4北京高等学校哲学社会科学创新中心公共卫生应急管理创新中心,北京 100005, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1259565972852171158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259565972994777495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, companyId=1259565972852171158, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院,北京 100730)]), AuthorCompany(id=1259565974190154143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259565974206931360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, companyId=1259565974190154143, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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4北京高等学校哲学社会科学创新中心公共卫生应急管理创新中心,北京 100005)])]), Author(id=1259565980208980454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1259565980930400752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, authorId=1259565980208980454, language=EN, stringName=Qing WANG, firstName=Qing, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, 4, address=
1School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
2State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Beijing 100005, China
3Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control, Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100005, China
4Public Health Emergency Management Innovation Center of Beijing Higher Education Innovation Center for Philosophy and Social Sciences, Beijing 100005, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1259565981773455861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, authorId=1259565980208980454, language=CN, stringName=王晴, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, 4, address=
1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院,北京 100730
2呼吸与共病全国重点实验室,北京 100005
3北京协和医学院病原体感染防控教育部重点实验室,北京 100005
4北京高等学校哲学社会科学创新中心公共卫生应急管理创新中心,北京 100005, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1259565972852171158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259565972994777495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, companyId=1259565972852171158, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259565973040914841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, companyId=1259565972852171158, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院,北京 100730)]), AuthorCompany(id=1259565974190154143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259565974206931360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, companyId=1259565974190154143, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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3北京协和医学院病原体感染防控教育部重点实验室,北京 100005)]), AuthorCompany(id=1259565975767212468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259565975821738423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, companyId=1259565975767212468, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
4Public Health Emergency Management Innovation Center of Beijing Higher Education Innovation Center for Philosophy and Social Sciences, Beijing 100005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259565975834321336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, companyId=1259565975767212468, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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5, address=
5Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing 400707, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1259565983883190787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, authorId=1259565982536819194, language=CN, stringName=李婷婷, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
5, address=
5重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1259565976291500476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, xref=5, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259565976572518847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, companyId=1259565976291500476, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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5重庆市疾病预防控制中心(重庆市预防医学科学院),重庆 400707)])]), Author(id=1259565984696885771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1259565985590272531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, authorId=1259565984696885771, language=EN, stringName=Hairu YU, firstName=Hairu, middleName=null, lastName=YU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, 4, address=
1School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
2State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Beijing 100005, China
3Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control, Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100005, China
4Public Health Emergency Management Innovation Center of Beijing Higher Education Innovation Center for Philosophy and Social Sciences, Beijing 100005, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1259565986504630808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, authorId=1259565984696885771, language=CN, stringName=余海茹, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, 4, address=
1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院,北京 100730
2呼吸与共病全国重点实验室,北京 100005
3北京协和医学院病原体感染防控教育部重点实验室,北京 100005
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1School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
2State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Beijing 100005, China
3Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control, Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100005, China
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1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院,北京 100730
2呼吸与共病全国重点实验室,北京 100005
3北京协和医学院病原体感染防控教育部重点实验室,北京 100005
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2State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Beijing 100005, China
3Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control, Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100005, China
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2呼吸与共病全国重点实验室,北京 100005
3北京协和医学院病原体感染防控教育部重点实验室,北京 100005
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1School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
2State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Beijing 100005, China
3Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control, Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100005, China
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1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院,北京 100730
2呼吸与共病全国重点实验室,北京 100005
3北京协和医学院病原体感染防控教育部重点实验室,北京 100005
4北京高等学校哲学社会科学创新中心公共卫生应急管理创新中心,北京 100005, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1259565972852171158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259565972994777495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, companyId=1259565972852171158, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
2State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Beijing 100005, China
3Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control, Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100005, China
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1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院,北京 100730
2呼吸与共病全国重点实验室,北京 100005
3北京协和医学院病原体感染防控教育部重点实验室,北京 100005
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Consolidated framework for implementation research framework, figureFileSmall=zH+9ao58FcA6QDBI15cHjQ==, figureFileBig=VVaCJilWJcc+HKTHzf/1Gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259565996810035879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
实施性研究综合框架示意图, figureFileSmall=zH+9ao58FcA6QDBI15cHjQ==, figureFileBig=VVaCJilWJcc+HKTHzf/1Gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259565997170746027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Facilitators for the surveillance and reporting of pneumonia of unknown etiology (PUE)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素 Factor | 临床医生 Clinicians | 医院管理人员 Hospital administrators | 疾病预防控制中心人员 Centers for disease control and prevention staff |
个人特征 Characteristics of individuals | 1.较了解肺炎监测方案 Familiar with the PUE surveillance | 1.较了解肺炎监测方案和报告系统 Familiar with the PUE surveillance | 1.非常了解肺炎监测方案和报告系统 Very familiar with the PUE surveillance |
| 2.认可病例定义 Accept the case definition | 2.认可病例定义 Accept the case definition | 2.认可病例定义 Accept the case definition |
| 3.对监测系统发现肺炎有信心 Confident in the system to detect PUE | 3.对监测系统发现肺炎有信心 Confident in the system to detect PUE | 3.对监测系统发现肺炎有信心 Confident in the system to detect PUE |
干预方案特征 Intervention characteristics | 监测报告未影响日常工作 Unaffected routine work | 监测报告未影响日常工作 Unaffected routine work | 1.操作流程未影响日常工作 Unaffected routine work |
| | | 2.监测方案成熟,监测准确性更高 Higher accuracy, mature surveillance |
外部环境 Outer setting | 1.与相关部门协调合作融洽 Smooth coordination and collaboration with relevant departments | 与疾病控制中心、卫生健康委员会等部门合作顺畅 Smooth coordination and collaboration with centers for disease control | 1.与社区、教育委员会、民政局等协调配合无障碍 Smooth coordination with education bureau、community |
| 2.政治环境对临床医生影响小 Minimal influence of the political environment | | 2.政策对肺炎监测有效 Policies effectively support PUE surveillance |
内部环境 Inner setting | 1.奖励措施鼓励报告 Incentive methods to encourage reporting | 1.提供足够人力、物力、资金支持 Sufficient human, material, financial resources | 1.设有专门的监测方案和流程 Dedicated monitoring protocols and procedures |
| 2.惩罚措施避免漏报 Punitive methods to prevent underreporting | 2.设置奖励惩罚机制 Incentive and punitive mechanisms | 2.内部沟通协调健全 Effective internal communication |
| 3.院内沟通协调机制健全 Effective internal communication | 3.院内沟通协调机制健全 Effective internal communication | 3.设有惩罚机制 Punitive mechanisms |
| 4.同事和管理层态度积极 Positive attitudes among colleagues and management | 4.同事和管理层态度积极 Positive attitudes among colleagues and management | 4.提供足够的人力、物力、资金支持 Sufficient human, material, financial resources |
实施过程 Implementation process | 1.监测流程和分工合理 Reasonable workflow and responsibilities | 1.实时定期反馈结果 Real-time and periodic feedback | 1.监测数据反馈机制健全 Effective data feedback mechanism |
| 2.监测数据反馈机制健全 Effective data feedback mechanism | 2.监测流程和分工合理 Reasonable workflow and responsibilities | 2.培训疾病控制中心人员、医生 Train for centers for disease control and clinicians |
| 3.积极参加培训 Active participation in training | 3.积极参加培训 Active participation in training | |
), ArticleFig(id=1259565997363684013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
不明原因肺炎(简称肺炎)病例监测报告的促进因素
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因素 Factor | 临床医生 Clinicians | 医院管理人员 Hospital administrators | 疾病预防控制中心人员 Centers for disease control and prevention staff |
个人特征 Characteristics of individuals | 1.较了解肺炎监测方案 Familiar with the PUE surveillance | 1.较了解肺炎监测方案和报告系统 Familiar with the PUE surveillance | 1.非常了解肺炎监测方案和报告系统 Very familiar with the PUE surveillance |
| 2.认可病例定义 Accept the case definition | 2.认可病例定义 Accept the case definition | 2.认可病例定义 Accept the case definition |
| 3.对监测系统发现肺炎有信心 Confident in the system to detect PUE | 3.对监测系统发现肺炎有信心 Confident in the system to detect PUE | 3.对监测系统发现肺炎有信心 Confident in the system to detect PUE |
干预方案特征 Intervention characteristics | 监测报告未影响日常工作 Unaffected routine work | 监测报告未影响日常工作 Unaffected routine work | 1.操作流程未影响日常工作 Unaffected routine work |
| | | 2.监测方案成熟,监测准确性更高 Higher accuracy, mature surveillance |
外部环境 Outer setting | 1.与相关部门协调合作融洽 Smooth coordination and collaboration with relevant departments | 与疾病控制中心、卫生健康委员会等部门合作顺畅 Smooth coordination and collaboration with centers for disease control | 1.与社区、教育委员会、民政局等协调配合无障碍 Smooth coordination with education bureau、community |
| 2.政治环境对临床医生影响小 Minimal influence of the political environment | | 2.政策对肺炎监测有效 Policies effectively support PUE surveillance |
内部环境 Inner setting | 1.奖励措施鼓励报告 Incentive methods to encourage reporting | 1.提供足够人力、物力、资金支持 Sufficient human, material, financial resources | 1.设有专门的监测方案和流程 Dedicated monitoring protocols and procedures |
| 2.惩罚措施避免漏报 Punitive methods to prevent underreporting | 2.设置奖励惩罚机制 Incentive and punitive mechanisms | 2.内部沟通协调健全 Effective internal communication |
| 3.院内沟通协调机制健全 Effective internal communication | 3.院内沟通协调机制健全 Effective internal communication | 3.设有惩罚机制 Punitive mechanisms |
| 4.同事和管理层态度积极 Positive attitudes among colleagues and management | 4.同事和管理层态度积极 Positive attitudes among colleagues and management | 4.提供足够的人力、物力、资金支持 Sufficient human, material, financial resources |
实施过程 Implementation process | 1.监测流程和分工合理 Reasonable workflow and responsibilities | 1.实时定期反馈结果 Real-time and periodic feedback | 1.监测数据反馈机制健全 Effective data feedback mechanism |
| 2.监测数据反馈机制健全 Effective data feedback mechanism | 2.监测流程和分工合理 Reasonable workflow and responsibilities | 2.培训疾病控制中心人员、医生 Train for centers for disease control and clinicians |
| 3.积极参加培训 Active participation in training | 3.积极参加培训 Active participation in training | |
), ArticleFig(id=1259565997506290351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Obstacles to surveillance reports of pneumonia of unknown etiology (PUE)
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因素 Factor | 临床医生 Clinicians | 医院管理人员 Hospital administrators | 疾病预防控制中心人员 Centers for disease control and prevention staff |
个人特征 Characteristics of individuals | 不了解肺炎监测系统和报告流程 Limited awareness of PUE surveillance | 不负责填报而不了解 Unfamiliar reporting process | 病例定义特异度不足 Insufficient specificity of the case definition |
干预方案特征 Intervention characteristics | 1.手工填报,流程复杂 Manual reporting, the process is complicated | 1.监测准确性受技术水平限制 Technical constraints on accuracy | 1.传染病系统较多 Multiple infectious disease reporting systems |
| 2.不明原因病例较少 Few cases of unknown cause | 2.操作流程耗时较多 Time-consuming procedures | 2.数据来源单一 Iimited data sources |
| 3.进行性加重的病例自行转诊 Self-referred deteriorating patients | 3.肺炎诊断复杂,难以持久长期地出现病例 Complex diagnosis limiting detection | 3.缺乏信息化手段 Lack of informatized tools |
| 4.信息来源单一,只能获取本地信息 Limit information sources:only local data | 4.人工填报易出错 Error-prone manual reporting | 4.肺炎病例数量少 Few PUE cases |
干预方案特征 Intervention characteristics | 5.信息报告偏差且碎片化 Information reports are biased and fragmented | | |
外部环境 Outer setting | 1.社会环境(舆论)影响监测和报告 Social environment influences monitoring and reporting (public opinion) | 1.缺乏行政导向性任务,存在不配合现象 Absence of administrative directives leads to noncooperation | 1.外部单位因不了解影响协调配合 Limited understanding hindering cooperation |
| 2.缺乏足够经费及专项资金支持 Insufficient funding、lack of designated financial support | 2.不属于法定报告工作,增加医生压力 Not a part of statutory reporting increases physicians' pressure | 2.舆论、行政压力影响监测 Administrative pressure, public opinion affect monitoring |
| | 3.监测报告不在医疗质量管理体系内 Excluded surveillance in the quality management system | 3.社会和政治环境导致报告层级信息衰减 Social and political factors causing information loss |
| | 4.未做到患者知情同意 Missing informed consent | 4.病例发现就诊意识延后 Delayed care-seeking awareness |
| | 5.容易引发社会公众恐慌 Trigger public panic | 5.缺乏经费支撑 Insufficient funding support |
| | 6.经济预算影响监测报告,增加财政负荷 Budget constraints increasing financial burden | 6.信息共享不畅,与外部单位协调一般 Poor information sharing、weak coordination |
内部环境 Inner setting | 1.基层缺乏技术人才、资金支持 Insufficient primary-level technical personnel and funding | 1.基层医院缺乏人员、资金支持 Insufficient primary-level technical personnel and funding | 1.基层疾病控制中心缺乏人力资金,实验室建设水平不足 Insufficient laboratory, financial, human resources |
| 2.缺乏信息化手段支持 Insufficient informatization support | 2.基层检测分析水平不足 Limited testing、analytical capabilities | 2.缺乏奖惩机制 Lack of incentive and punishment mechanisms |
| 3.未明确肺炎报告规范要求 Unclearly defined PUE reporting standards | | 3.人员结构老化,后备力量不足 Aging workforce with inadequate personnel |
实施过程 Implementation process | 1.仅培训重点科室且次数少 Only train for key departments and occur infrequently | 1.缺乏与疾病控制中心部门的协作机制 Less collaboration mechanism with centers for disease control | 1.医生培训力度、专病报告意识不足 Insufficient training、weak awareness of reporting specific diseases |
| 2.缺乏反馈机制,上报后未反馈结果 Missing reporting feedback | 2.数据收集缺乏信息化手段 Data collection lacks informatized tools | 2.改进评估机制不完善 Inadequate improvement and evaluation mechanisms |
| | 3.监测质量无法保证 Uncertain surveillance quality | 3.缺少患者基础信息数据 Insufficient basic patient information data |
| | 4.缺乏监测反馈机制,绩效评估不完善 Insufficient performance evaluation, absence of feedback | 4.样本运送不科学,检测技术不足 Unscientific sample transport、inadequate testing capacity |
| | | 5.公卫科缺乏自查漏报情况 Missing self-check for underreporting |
), ArticleFig(id=1259565997602759344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198908832956435, articleId=1259565966598463841, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
不明原因肺炎(简称肺炎)病例监测报告的阻碍因素
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素 Factor | 临床医生 Clinicians | 医院管理人员 Hospital administrators | 疾病预防控制中心人员 Centers for disease control and prevention staff |
个人特征 Characteristics of individuals | 不了解肺炎监测系统和报告流程 Limited awareness of PUE surveillance | 不负责填报而不了解 Unfamiliar reporting process | 病例定义特异度不足 Insufficient specificity of the case definition |
干预方案特征 Intervention characteristics | 1.手工填报,流程复杂 Manual reporting, the process is complicated | 1.监测准确性受技术水平限制 Technical constraints on accuracy | 1.传染病系统较多 Multiple infectious disease reporting systems |
| 2.不明原因病例较少 Few cases of unknown cause | 2.操作流程耗时较多 Time-consuming procedures | 2.数据来源单一 Iimited data sources |
| 3.进行性加重的病例自行转诊 Self-referred deteriorating patients | 3.肺炎诊断复杂,难以持久长期地出现病例 Complex diagnosis limiting detection | 3.缺乏信息化手段 Lack of informatized tools |
| 4.信息来源单一,只能获取本地信息 Limit information sources:only local data | 4.人工填报易出错 Error-prone manual reporting | 4.肺炎病例数量少 Few PUE cases |
干预方案特征 Intervention characteristics | 5.信息报告偏差且碎片化 Information reports are biased and fragmented | | |
外部环境 Outer setting | 1.社会环境(舆论)影响监测和报告 Social environment influences monitoring and reporting (public opinion) | 1.缺乏行政导向性任务,存在不配合现象 Absence of administrative directives leads to noncooperation | 1.外部单位因不了解影响协调配合 Limited understanding hindering cooperation |
| 2.缺乏足够经费及专项资金支持 Insufficient funding、lack of designated financial support | 2.不属于法定报告工作,增加医生压力 Not a part of statutory reporting increases physicians' pressure | 2.舆论、行政压力影响监测 Administrative pressure, public opinion affect monitoring |
| | 3.监测报告不在医疗质量管理体系内 Excluded surveillance in the quality management system | 3.社会和政治环境导致报告层级信息衰减 Social and political factors causing information loss |
| | 4.未做到患者知情同意 Missing informed consent | 4.病例发现就诊意识延后 Delayed care-seeking awareness |
| | 5.容易引发社会公众恐慌 Trigger public panic | 5.缺乏经费支撑 Insufficient funding support |
| | 6.经济预算影响监测报告,增加财政负荷 Budget constraints increasing financial burden | 6.信息共享不畅,与外部单位协调一般 Poor information sharing、weak coordination |
内部环境 Inner setting | 1.基层缺乏技术人才、资金支持 Insufficient primary-level technical personnel and funding | 1.基层医院缺乏人员、资金支持 Insufficient primary-level technical personnel and funding | 1.基层疾病控制中心缺乏人力资金,实验室建设水平不足 Insufficient laboratory, financial, human resources |
| 2.缺乏信息化手段支持 Insufficient informatization support | 2.基层检测分析水平不足 Limited testing、analytical capabilities | 2.缺乏奖惩机制 Lack of incentive and punishment mechanisms |
| 3.未明确肺炎报告规范要求 Unclearly defined PUE reporting standards | | 3.人员结构老化,后备力量不足 Aging workforce with inadequate personnel |
实施过程 Implementation process | 1.仅培训重点科室且次数少 Only train for key departments and occur infrequently | 1.缺乏与疾病控制中心部门的协作机制 Less collaboration mechanism with centers for disease control | 1.医生培训力度、专病报告意识不足 Insufficient training、weak awareness of reporting specific diseases |
| 2.缺乏反馈机制,上报后未反馈结果 Missing reporting feedback | 2.数据收集缺乏信息化手段 Data collection lacks informatized tools | 2.改进评估机制不完善 Inadequate improvement and evaluation mechanisms |
| | 3.监测质量无法保证 Uncertain surveillance quality | 3.缺少患者基础信息数据 Insufficient basic patient information data |
| | 4.缺乏监测反馈机制,绩效评估不完善 Insufficient performance evaluation, absence of feedback | 4.样本运送不科学,检测技术不足 Unscientific sample transport、inadequate testing capacity |
| | | 5.公卫科缺乏自查漏报情况 Missing self-check for underreporting |
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