Article(id=1268884515951903598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, issueId=1268884383122494171, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.13, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1763481600000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-19, revisedDate=1772985600000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1780455243337, onlineDateStr=2026-06-03, pubDate=1772294400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1780455243337, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1780455243337, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1780455243337, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1268884383122494171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='255', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1780455211667, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1780455310713, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1268884798719300557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, issueId=1268884383122494171, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1268884798723494862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, issueId=1268884383122494171, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=147, endPage=161, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1268884516170007408, articleId=1268884515951903598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, language=EN, title=Influence of Terrain on Radiation Characteristics of Micro-Pressure Waves at Tunnel Entrance for 400 km · h-1 High-Speed Railway, columnId=null, journalTitle=China Railway Science, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the engineering problem of aggravated micro-pressure wave hazards at the portal of a 400 km · h-1 high-speed railway tunnel, this study investigates the radiation characteristics of micro-pressure waves under the coupled effects of actual terrain and buffer structures. Based on the three-dimensional unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations and the SST k-ω turbulence model, and using the tunnel equivalent diameter D (10 m) as the characteristic scale, the study systematically examines the radiation characteristics, including peak wave pressure, waveform, attenuation laws, and spatial directivity, of micro-pressure waves under conditions with and without buffer structures at the tunnel exit; it also studies simple flat terrain and semi-cut-semi-fill actual terrain. The results show that the buffer structure pre-radiates micro-pressure waves through side openings, effectively reducing the intensity of micro-pressure waves in the axial direction (directly in front of the tunnel alignment, azimuth θ=0°) at the tunnel portal. The buffer structure effectively reduces the peak value and alters the waveform at 2D, but causes an increase in peak value at 8D, and also enhances micro-pressure waves in lateral directions (e.g., θ=+45°, +90°). Terrain variation has a relatively weak influence on micro-pressure waves in the tunnel axis direction but significantly affects the areas on both sides: the peak micro-pressure wave at the cut (θ>0°) is greater than that on simple flat terrain, while the peak at the fill (θ<0°) is the lowest. The cut slope has a concentrating effect on micro-pressure waves in the area below the cut top, whereas the fill terrain disperses the propagation paths, leading to lower peak values. The attenuation rate of micro-pressure waves is smallest along the tunnel axis and accelerates significantly as the azimuth angle θ increases; for the same azimuth angle, the attenuation at the cut is greater than that at the fill. The directivity of micro-pressure waves is significantly influenced by the buffer structure and actual terrain. When the propagation distance reaches 5D, the influence of the buffer structure becomes negligible, and terrain dominates the directivity - simple flat terrain exhibits axial directivity, while the semi-cut-semi-fill terrain shows directivity in the [0°, +45°] interval due to the concentrating effect of the cut and the dispersing effect of the fill. The research results provide an important theoretical basis for optimizing and design of buffer structures and terrain treatment at the portals of 400 km/h high-speed railway tunnels.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Kang WEI, Yuangui MEI, Zixian WANG, Xiao HU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1268884521807152026, articleId=1268884515951903598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, language=CN, title=地形对时速400 km高速铁路隧道洞口微气压波辐射特征的影响, columnId=0, journalTitle=中国铁道科学, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对时速400 km高速铁路隧道洞口微气压波危害加剧的工程问题,为探明实际地形与缓冲结构耦合作用下的微气压波辐射特征,采用三维非定常可压缩流动的Navier-Stokes(纳维-斯托克斯)方程和SST k-ω湍流模型,以隧道断面当量直径D(10 m)为特征尺度,系统研究隧道出口简单平地与半堑半堤实际地形在有无缓冲结构工况下的微气压波峰值、波形、衰减规律及空间指向性等辐射特征。结果表明:缓冲结构通过侧开孔提前辐射微气压波,有效降低了隧道洞口轴向(隧道线路正前方,方位角θ=0°)的微气压波强度;缓冲结构在2D处可有效降低峰值并改变其波形,但在8D处则引起峰值增大,且对展向方向(如θ=+45°,+90°)的微气压波具有增强作用;地形变化对隧道轴向微气压波影响相对较弱,但显著影响两侧区域:路堑处(θ>0°)微气压波峰值大于简单平地,路堤处(θ<0°)峰值最低,路堑斜坡对堑顶以下位置微气压波产生聚集效应,而路堤则使传播路径分散,导致峰值降低;微气压波沿隧道轴向的衰减程度最小,且随方位角θ增大衰减显著加快,相同方位角下路堑处的衰减程度大于路堤;微气压波的指向性受缓冲结构和实际地形的显著影响,当传播距离达到5D时,缓冲结构影响可忽略,此时地形主导指向性,即简单平地呈现轴向指向性,半堑半堤地形则因路堑聚集与路堤分散效应而呈现[0°,+45°]区间指向性。研究结果可为时速400 km高速铁路隧道洞口缓冲结构优化设计及洞口区域的地形处理提供理论依据。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
梅元贵(1964—),男,河南荥阳人,教授,博士。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=TQn5T0eeh02XmWoEL28bCA==, magXml=3HalHVioHdgJX4e7NQUkZA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=keBvl5vgX0XByg2/95j0vA==, pdfFileSize=31433906, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=3Okrp31fsz3pd+Vk1qRHXA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=E1FNsuWyQH02qLFv4Uuhpg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

魏康(1995—),男,甘肃宁县人,博士研究生。E-mail:

, authorsList=魏康, 梅元贵, 王梓贤, 胡啸)}, authors=[Author(id=1268884522188833696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yaoluo0414@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1268884523891721123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, authorId=1268884522188833696, language=EN, stringName=Kang WEI, firstName=Kang, middleName=null, lastName=WEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1.Gansu Province Engineering Laboratory of Rail Transit Mechanics Application, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, LanzhouGansu730070, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1268884524013355940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, authorId=1268884522188833696, language=CN, stringName=魏康, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1.兰州交通大学 甘肃省轨道交通力学应用工程实验室,甘肃兰州730070, bio={"content":"

魏康(1995—),男,甘肃宁县人,博士研究生。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

魏康(1995—),男,甘肃宁县人,博士研究生。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1268884522063004572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1268884522096559005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, companyId=1268884522063004572, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Gansu Province Engineering Laboratory of Rail Transit Mechanics Application, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, LanzhouGansu730070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1268884522104947614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, companyId=1268884522063004572, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.兰州交通大学 甘肃省轨道交通力学应用工程实验室,甘肃兰州730070)])]), Author(id=1268884524265014182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=meiyuangui@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1268884524332123048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, authorId=1268884524265014182, language=EN, stringName=Yuangui MEI, firstName=Yuangui, middleName=null, lastName=MEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1.Gansu Province Engineering Laboratory of Rail Transit Mechanics Application, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, LanzhouGansu730070, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1268884524407620521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, authorId=1268884524265014182, language=CN, stringName=梅元贵, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1.兰州交通大学 甘肃省轨道交通力学应用工程实验室,甘肃兰州730070, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1268884522063004572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1268884522096559005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, companyId=1268884522063004572, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Gansu Province Engineering Laboratory of Rail Transit Mechanics Application, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, LanzhouGansu730070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1268884522104947614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, companyId=1268884522063004572, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.兰州交通大学 甘肃省轨道交通力学应用工程实验室,甘肃兰州730070)])]), Author(id=1268884524680250283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1268884524768330669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, authorId=1268884524680250283, language=EN, stringName=Zixian WANG, firstName=Zixian, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1.Gansu Province Engineering Laboratory of Rail Transit Mechanics Application, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, LanzhouGansu730070, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1268884525112263598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, authorId=1268884524680250283, language=CN, stringName=王梓贤, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1.兰州交通大学 甘肃省轨道交通力学应用工程实验室,甘肃兰州730070, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1268884522063004572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1268884522096559005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, companyId=1268884522063004572, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Gansu Province Engineering Laboratory of Rail Transit Mechanics Application, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, LanzhouGansu730070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1268884522104947614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, companyId=1268884522063004572, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.兰州交通大学 甘肃省轨道交通力学应用工程实验室,甘肃兰州730070)])]), Author(id=1268884525187761072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1268884525531694002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, authorId=1268884525187761072, language=EN, stringName=Xiao HU, firstName=Xiao, middleName=null, lastName=HU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1.Gansu Province Engineering Laboratory of Rail Transit Mechanics Application, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, LanzhouGansu730070, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1268884525602997171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, authorId=1268884525187761072, language=CN, stringName=胡啸, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1.兰州交通大学 甘肃省轨道交通力学应用工程实验室,甘肃兰州730070, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1268884522063004572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1268884522096559005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, companyId=1268884522063004572, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Gansu Province Engineering Laboratory of Rail Transit Mechanics Application, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, LanzhouGansu730070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1268884522104947614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, companyId=1268884522063004572, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.兰州交通大学 甘肃省轨道交通力学应用工程实验室,甘肃兰州730070)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1268884525942735796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=400 km · h-1), Keyword(id=1268884526005650357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=High-speed railway tunnel portal), Keyword(id=1268884526068564918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Micro-pressure wave), Keyword(id=1268884526353777591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Semi-cut-semi-fill actual terrain), Keyword(id=1268884526462829496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=Buffer structure), Keyword(id=1268884526781596601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=Three-dimensional unsteady compressible flow model), Keyword(id=1268884528287351738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=时速400 km), Keyword(id=1268884528379626427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=高速铁路隧道洞口), Keyword(id=1268884528513844156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=微气压波), Keyword(id=1268884528878748605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=半堑半堤实际地形), Keyword(id=1268884528950051774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=缓冲结构), Keyword(id=1268884529306567615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=三维非定常可压缩流动模型)], refs=[Reference(id=1268884539716830186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=6, pageStart=158, pageEnd=167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=王辰, 马伟斌, 韩嘉强, journalName=中国铁道科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王辰,马伟斌,韩嘉强,.基于实车测试的不同列车速度下隧道气动效应及变化规律[J].中国铁道科学202445(6):158-167., articleTitle=基于实车测试的不同列车速度下隧道气动效应及变化规律, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884539792327659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=6, pageStart=158, pageEnd=167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=WANG Chen, MA Weibin, HAN Jiaqiang, journalName=China Railway Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG ChenMA WeibinHAN Jiaqianget al. Tunnel Aerodynamic Effect and Variation Law under Different Train Speeds Based on Field Experiments [J]. China Railway Science202445 (6): 158-167. in Chinese, articleTitle=Tunnel Aerodynamic Effect and Variation Law under Different Train Speeds Based on Field Experiments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884539867825132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=1, issue=4, pageStart=351, pageEnd=375, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=NIU J Q, SUI Y, YU Q J, journalName=Energy and Built Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIU J QSUI YYU Q Jet al. Aerodynamics of Railway Train/Tunnel System: a Review of Recent Research [J]. Energy and Built Environment20201 (4): 351-375., articleTitle=Aerodynamics of Railway Train/Tunnel System: a Review of Recent Research, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884539955905517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=14, pageStart=8197, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=WANG Y, MA W B, HAN J Q, journalName=Applied Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG YMA W BHAN J Qet al. Field Test and Numerical Investigation of Tunnel Aerodynamic Effect Induced by High-Speed Trains Running at Higher Speeds [J]. Applied Sciences202313 (14): 8197., articleTitle=Field Test and Numerical Investigation of Tunnel Aerodynamic Effect Induced by High-Speed Trains Running at Higher Speeds, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884540023014382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=221, pageEnd=222, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=STURT R, LYNCH P, BURNS R, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=STURT RLYNCH PBURNS Ret al. Aerodynamic Assessment and Mitigation - Design Considerations for High-Speed Rail [R]. Washington, D.C.: USA, 2022: 221-222., articleTitle=Aerodynamic Assessment and Mitigation - Design Considerations for High-Speed Rail, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884541696541679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=220, issue=5, pageStart=921, pageEnd=940, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=AOKI T, VARDY A E, BROWN J M B, journalName=Journal of Sound and Vibration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AOKI TVARDY A EBROWN J M B. Passive Alleviation of Micro-Pressure Waves from Tunnel Portals [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration1999220 (5): 921-940., articleTitle=Passive Alleviation of Micro-Pressure Waves from Tunnel Portals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884541822370800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1979, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=21, pageEnd=87, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=6, authorNames=OZAWA S, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OZAWA S. Studies of Micro-Pressure Wave Radiated from a Tunnel Exit [R]. Tokyo: Japanese National Railways, 1979: 21-87., articleTitle=Studies of Micro-Pressure Wave Radiated from a Tunnel Exit, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884541923034097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=400, issue=null, pageStart=606, pageEnd=625, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=TEBBUTT J A, VAHDATI M, CAROLAN D, journalName=Journal of Sound and Vibration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TEBBUTT J AVAHDATI MCAROLAN Det al. Numerical Investigation on an Array of Helmholtz Resonators for the Reduction of Micro-Pressure Waves in Modern and Future High-Speed Rail Tunnel Systems [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration2017400: 606-625., articleTitle=Numerical Investigation on an Array of Helmholtz Resonators for the Reduction of Micro-Pressure Waves in Modern and Future High-Speed Rail Tunnel Systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884542019503090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=36, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=WANG K W, XIONG X H, WEN C Y, journalName=Physics of Fluids, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG K WXIONG X HWEN C Yet al. Formation and Propagation Characteristics of a Weak Shock Wave in Maglev Tube [J]. Physics of Fluids202436 (3): 036120., articleTitle=Formation and Propagation Characteristics of a Weak Shock Wave in Maglev Tube, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884542086611955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=46, issue=5, pageStart=184, pageEnd=192, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=9, authorNames=韩嘉强, 马伟斌, 刘艳青, journalName=中国铁道科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩嘉强,马伟斌,刘艳青,.不同长度高速铁路隧道压缩波激化过程及音爆现象[J].中国铁道科学202546(5):184-192., articleTitle=不同长度高速铁路隧道压缩波激化过程及音爆现象, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884542153720820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=46, issue=5, pageStart=184, pageEnd=192, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=10, authorNames=HAN Jiaqiang, MA Weibin, LIU Yanqing, journalName=China Railway Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAN JiaqiangMA WeibinLIU Yanqinget al. Compression Wave Intensification Process and Sonic Boom Phenomenon of High-Speed Railway Tunnel with Different Lengths [J]. China Railway Science202546 (5): 184-192. in Chinese, articleTitle=Compression Wave Intensification Process and Sonic Boom Phenomenon of High-Speed Railway Tunnel with Different Lengths, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884542225023989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=3, pageStart=87, pageEnd=96, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=11, authorNames=韩嘉强, 马伟斌, 程爱君, journalName=中国铁道科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩嘉强,马伟斌,程爱君,.高速铁路长大隧道音爆现象及斜井辅助泄压缓解效果研究[J].中国铁道科学202445(3):87-96., articleTitle=高速铁路长大隧道音爆现象及斜井辅助泄压缓解效果研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884542334075894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=3, pageStart=87, pageEnd=96, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=12, authorNames=HAN Jiaqiang, MA Weibin, CHENG Aijun, journalName=China Railway Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAN JiaqiangMA WeibinCHENG Aijunet al. Research on Sonic Boom in Long Tunnels of High-Speed Railways and Alleviation Effect of Auxiliary Relief through Inclined Shaft [J]. China Railway Science202445 (3): 87-96. in Chinese, articleTitle=Research on Sonic Boom in Long Tunnels of High-Speed Railways and Alleviation Effect of Auxiliary Relief through Inclined Shaft, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884542459905015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1977, volume=4, issue=null, pageStart=137, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=13, authorNames=YAMAMOTO A, journalName=The Physical Society of Japan, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAMAMOTO A. Micro-Pressure Wave Radiated from Tunnel Exit [J]. The Physical Society of Japan19774: 137., articleTitle=Micro-Pressure Wave Radiated from Tunnel Exit, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884542556374008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=27, issue=null, pageStart=935, pageEnd=950, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=14, authorNames=OZAWA S, MURATA K, MAEDA T, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OZAWA SMURATA KMAEDA T. Effect of Ballasted Track on Distortion of Pressure Wave in Tunnel and Emission of Micro-Pressure Wave [C]// International Conference on Aerodynamics and Ventilation of Vehicle Tunnels, Aosta Valley, Italy. Bury St. Edmunds: Mechanical Engineering Publications, 199727: 935-950., articleTitle=Effect of Ballasted Track on Distortion of Pressure Wave in Tunnel and Emission of Micro-Pressure Wave, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884542631871481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=7, issue=3, pageStart=445, pageEnd=454, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=15, authorNames=LEE S I, KIM D H, ROHIT I S, journalName=Journal of The Korean Society for Urban Railway, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEE S IKIM D HROHIT I Set al. Effect of High-Speed Railway Tunnel Exit Topography on the Emission Characteristics of Micro-Pressure Wave [J]. Journal of The Korean Society for Urban Railway20197 (3): 445-454., articleTitle=Effect of High-Speed Railway Tunnel Exit Topography on the Emission Characteristics of Micro-Pressure Wave, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884542707368954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=571, pageEnd=578, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=16, authorNames=GERBIG C, HIEKE M, journalName=Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GERBIG CHIEKE M. Micro-Pressure Wave Emissions from German High-Speed Railway Tunnels - an Approved Method for Prediction and Acoustic Assessment [M]. Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2015: 571-578., articleTitle=Micro-Pressure Wave Emissions from German High-Speed Railway Tunnels - an Approved Method for Prediction and Acoustic Assessment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884542782866427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=17, authorNames=HIEKE M, GERBIG C, DIEPEN J V, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HIEKE MGERBIG CDIEPEN J Vet al. Field Measurements of Micro-Pressure Wave Mitigations of German New High-Speed Line Erfurt-Halleleipzig [C]// Proceedings of the 11th World Congress Railway Research, Milan, Italy. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2016., articleTitle=Field Measurements of Micro-Pressure Wave Mitigations of German New High-Speed Line Erfurt-Halleleipzig, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884542866752508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=55, issue=4, pageStart=235, pageEnd=240, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=18, authorNames=MIYACHI T, FUKUDA T, journalName=Quarterly Report of RTRI, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MIYACHI TFUKUDA T. Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Topography around the Tunnel Portal on Micro-Pressure Waves [J]. Quarterly Report of RTRI201455 (4): 235-240., articleTitle=Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Topography around the Tunnel Portal on Micro-Pressure Waves, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884542946444285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=391, issue=1, pageStart=127, pageEnd=152, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=19, authorNames=MIYACHI T, journalName=Journal of Sound and Vibration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MIYACHI T. Acoustic Model of Micro-Pressure Wave Emission from a High-Speed Train Tunnel [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration2017391 (1): 127-152., articleTitle=Acoustic Model of Micro-Pressure Wave Emission from a High-Speed Train Tunnel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884543038718974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=36, issue=10, pageStart=106124, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=20, authorNames=MIYACHI T, journalName=Physics of Fluids, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MIYACHI T. Cylindrical Micro-Pressure Wave Radiation from Tunnel Portals in Deep Cuttings [J]. Physics of Fluids202436 (10): 106124., articleTitle=Cylindrical Micro-Pressure Wave Radiation from Tunnel Portals in Deep Cuttings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884543114216447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=36, issue=7, pageStart=85, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=21, authorNames=杨志刚, 谭晓明, 梁习锋, journalName=铁道学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨志刚,谭晓明,梁习锋,.基于高阶谱差分的CAA模型预测高速列车过隧微气压波[J].铁道学报201436(7):85-89., articleTitle=基于高阶谱差分的CAA模型预测高速列车过隧微气压波, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884543202296832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=36, issue=7, pageStart=85, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=22, authorNames=YANG Zhigang, TAN Xiaoming, LIANG Xifeng, journalName=Journal of the China Railway Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG ZhigangTAN XiaomingLIANG Xifenget al. Prediction of Micro-Pressure Wave with the CAA Model Based on High Order Spectral Difference [J]. Journal of the China Railway Society201436 (7): 85-89. in Chinese, articleTitle=Prediction of Micro-Pressure Wave with the CAA Model Based on High Order Spectral Difference, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884543277793280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=169, issue=2, pageStart=70, pageEnd=85, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=23, authorNames=WANG H L, VARDY A E, POKRAJAC D, journalName=Engineering and Computational Mechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG H LVARDY A EPOKRAJAC D. Perforated Tunnel Exit Regions and Micro-Pressure Waves: Geometrical Influence [J]. Engineering and Computational Mechanics2016169 (2): 70-85., articleTitle=Perforated Tunnel Exit Regions and Micro-Pressure Waves: Geometrical Influence, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884543361679361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=5, pageStart=151, pageEnd=161, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=24, authorNames=王田天, 胡冲, 龚彦峰, journalName=空气动力学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王田天,胡冲,龚彦峰,.扩大斜切式缓冲结构对时速400 km铁路隧道口微气压波缓解研究[J].空气动力学学报202139(5):151-161., articleTitle=扩大斜切式缓冲结构对时速400 km铁路隧道口微气压波缓解研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884543432982530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=5, pageStart=151, pageEnd=161, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=25, authorNames=WANG Tiantian, HU Chong, GONG Yanfeng, journalName=Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG TiantianHU ChongGONG Yanfenget al. Mitigation of Micro-Pressure Wave at 400 km/h Railway Tunnel Exit by Oblique Enlarged Tunnel-Hood [J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica202139 (5): 151-161. in Chinese, articleTitle=Mitigation of Micro-Pressure Wave at 400 km/h Railway Tunnel Exit by Oblique Enlarged Tunnel-Hood, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884543558811651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=226, issue=5, pageStart=1011, pageEnd=1028, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=26, authorNames=KIM H D, SETOGUCHI T, journalName=Journal of Sound and Vibration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KIM H DSETOGUCHI T. Study of the Discharge of Weak Shocks from an Open End of a Duct [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration1999226 (5): 1011-1028., articleTitle=Study of the Discharge of Weak Shocks from an Open End of a Duct, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884543634309124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=183, issue=null, pageStart=127, pageEnd=139, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=27, authorNames=ZHANG G, KIM T H, KIM D H, journalName=Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG GKIM T HKIM D Het al. Prediction of Micro-Pressure Waves Generated at the Exit of a Model Train Tunnel [J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics2018183: 127-139., articleTitle=Prediction of Micro-Pressure Waves Generated at the Exit of a Model Train Tunnel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884543969853445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=78, pageEnd=86, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=28, authorNames=韩嘉强, 马伟斌, 田经纬, journalName=中国铁路, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩嘉强,马伟斌,田经纬,.400 km/h既有高铁隧道空气动力学特性及其适应性分析[J].中国铁路2025(6):78-86., articleTitle=400 km/h既有高铁隧道空气动力学特性及其适应性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884544066322438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=78, pageEnd=86, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=29, authorNames=HAN Jiaqiang, MA Weibin, TIAN Jingwei, journalName=China Railway, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAN JiaqiangMA WeibinTIAN Jingweiet al. Analysis on Aerodynamic Characteristics and Adaptability of Existing 400 km/h HSR Tunnels [J]. China Railway2025 (6): 78-86. in Chinese, articleTitle=Analysis on Aerodynamic Characteristics and Adaptability of Existing 400 km/h HSR Tunnels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884544154402823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=45, issue=9, pageStart=1649, pageEnd=1663, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=30, authorNames=王辰, 马伟斌, 刘艳青, journalName=隧道建设:中英文, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王辰,马伟斌,刘艳青,.时速400 km高速铁路隧道洞口等截面缓冲结构型式及参数[J].隧道建设:中英文202545(9):1649-1663., articleTitle=时速400 km高速铁路隧道洞口等截面缓冲结构型式及参数, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884544221511688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=45, issue=9, pageStart=1649, pageEnd=1663, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=31, authorNames=WANG Chen, MA Weibin, LIU Yanqing, journalName=Tunnel Construction, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG ChenMA WeibinLIU Yanqinget al. Types and Parameters of Equal Section Buffer Structures at Entrance of High-Speed Railway Tunnels with 400 km/h Speed [J]. Tunnel Construction202545 (9): 1649-1663. in Chinese, articleTitle=Types and Parameters of Equal Section Buffer Structures at Entrance of High-Speed Railway Tunnels with 400 km/h Speed, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884544297009161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=7, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=32, authorNames=上野陽亮, 田島厚志, 佐々木隆, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=上野陽亮,田島厚志,佐々木隆.地形と家屋を考慮した在来線特急および高速鉄道車両のトンネル微気圧波解析[C]//第33回数値流体力学シンポジウム講演論文集.東京:JSFM,2019:1-7., articleTitle=地形と家屋を考慮した在来線特急および高速鉄道車両のトンネル微気圧波解析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884544368312330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=7, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=33, authorNames=UENO Yohryu, TAJIMA Atsushi, SASAKI Takashi, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=UENO YohryuTAJIMA AtsushiSASAKI Takashi. Analysis of Tunnel Micro-Pressure Waves for Regular and High-Speed Railway Vehicles Considering Topography and Buildings [C]// Proceedings of the 33rd Symposium on Computational Fluid Dynamics. Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo: JSFM, 2019: 1-7. Japanese)in, articleTitle=Analysis of Tunnel Micro-Pressure Waves for Regular and High-Speed Railway Vehicles Considering Topography and Buildings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884544448004107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=22, issue=7, pageStart=2872, pageEnd=2885, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=34, authorNames=杨伟超, 王蔚雯, 李国志, journalName=铁道科学与工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨伟超,王蔚雯,李国志,.时速400 km高铁隧道洞口U型槽对微气压波的影响[J].铁道科学与工程学报202522(7):2872-2885., articleTitle=时速400 km高铁隧道洞口U型槽对微气压波的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884546142502924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=22, issue=7, pageStart=2872, pageEnd=2885, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=35, authorNames=YANG Weichao, WANG Weiwen, LI Guozhi, journalName=Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG WeichaoWANG WeiwenLI Guozhiet al. Impact of U-Shaped Grooves at Entrance of High-Speed Train Tunnels on Micro-Pressure Waves at Speed of 400 km/h [J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering202522 (7): 2872-2885. in Chinese, articleTitle=Impact of U-Shaped Grooves at Entrance of High-Speed Train Tunnels on Micro-Pressure Waves at Speed of 400 km/h, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884546230583309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=36, authorNames=王辰, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王辰.高速铁路隧道空气压力波传播特性及微气压波缓解措施研究[D].北京:中国铁道科学研究院,2023., articleTitle=高速铁路隧道空气压力波传播特性及微气压波缓解措施研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884546306080782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=37, authorNames=WANG Chen, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Chen. Research on the Propagation Characteristics of Air Pressure Waves and Mitigation Measures for Micro Pressure Waves in High-Speed Railway Tunnels [D]. Beijing: China Academy of Railway Sciences, 2023. in Chinese, articleTitle=Research on the Propagation Characteristics of Air Pressure Waves and Mitigation Measures for Micro Pressure Waves in High-Speed Railway Tunnels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884546406744079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=14, issue=16, pageStart=7208, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=38, authorNames=MEI Y G, WANG Z X, SUN Q, journalName=Applied Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MEI Y GWANG Z XSUN Qet al. The Characteristics of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of the Initial Compression Wave Induced by a 400 km/h High-Speed Train Entering a Tunnel [J]. Applied Sciences202414 (16): 7208., articleTitle=The Characteristics of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of the Initial Compression Wave Induced by a 400 km/h High-Speed Train Entering a Tunnel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884546486435856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=39, authorNames=王梓贤, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王梓贤.时速400公里高速铁路隧道出口微气压波传播特征[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2025., articleTitle=时速400公里高速铁路隧道出口微气压波传播特征, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884546566127633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=40, authorNames=WANG Zixian, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Zixian. Propagation Characteristics of Micro-Pressure Waves at the Exit of 400 km/h High-Speed Railway Tunnels [D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 2025. in Chinese, articleTitle=Propagation Characteristics of Micro-Pressure Waves at the Exit of 400 km/h High-Speed Railway Tunnels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884546633236498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=194, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=41, authorNames=梅元贵, 胡啸, 魏康, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梅元贵,胡啸,魏康,.时速400公里高速铁路隧道洞口微气压波形成机制和控制标准[R].兰州:兰州交通大学,2024:1-194., articleTitle=时速400公里高速铁路隧道洞口微气压波形成机制和控制标准, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1268884546717122579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=42, authorNames=MEI Yuangui, HU Xiao, WEI Kang, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MEI YuanguiHU XiaoWEI Kanget al. Formation Mechanism and Control Standards of Micro-Pressure Waves at Tunnel Portals of 400 km/h High-Speed Railways [R]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 2024: 1-194.in Chinese), articleTitle=Formation Mechanism and Control Standards of Micro-Pressure Waves at Tunnel Portals of 400 km/h High-Speed Railways, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1268884522063004572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1268884522096559005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, companyId=1268884522063004572, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Gansu Province Engineering Laboratory of Rail Transit Mechanics Application, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, LanzhouGansu730070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1268884522104947614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, companyId=1268884522063004572, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.兰州交通大学 甘肃省轨道交通力学应用工程实验室,甘肃兰州730070)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1268884530246091712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=QKsovf7aBgfpG+48+IQEjw==, figureFileBig=3Okrp31fsz3pd+Vk1qRHXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884530560664513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图1, caption=高速列车气动几何模型(单位:m), figureFileSmall=QKsovf7aBgfpG+48+IQEjw==, figureFileBig=3Okrp31fsz3pd+Vk1qRHXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884531386942402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HjjEnWAlxl6ap32VraCfNg==, figureFileBig=SlICtMEvKYTxkbr4zVHLWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884533052081091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图2, caption=双线隧道轮廓和端墙式扩大缓冲结构示意图(单位:m), figureFileSmall=HjjEnWAlxl6ap32VraCfNg==, figureFileBig=SlICtMEvKYTxkbr4zVHLWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884533127578564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=0tgvCMN9NdEZ2ZfXGoMN9A==, figureFileBig=t7CSJpNN0qhSce7E5WbzAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884533232436165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图3, caption=简单平地有无缓冲结构计算域示意图, figureFileSmall=0tgvCMN9NdEZ2ZfXGoMN9A==, figureFileBig=t7CSJpNN0qhSce7E5WbzAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884533551203270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=22abQjlooiWfh92J+XPHrQ==, figureFileBig=r2K1EdMnit9L58SptxhHPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884533916107719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图4, caption=实际地形计算域和边界条件示意图, figureFileSmall=22abQjlooiWfh92J+XPHrQ==, figureFileBig=r2K1EdMnit9L58SptxhHPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884533979022280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PR45CBWZCP1wF3hqsQJjJw==, figureFileBig=9XdL3/N89dF0OyATbkIClw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884534402646985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图5, caption=初始压缩波波形, figureFileSmall=PR45CBWZCP1wF3hqsQJjJw==, figureFileBig=9XdL3/N89dF0OyATbkIClw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884534830465994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=b8yp0OlYzv2ySFKndOK2Dw==, figureFileBig=qmRYY2yL0ykS7WU305Zsmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884535228924875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图6, caption=测点布置示意图, figureFileSmall=b8yp0OlYzv2ySFKndOK2Dw==, figureFileBig=qmRYY2yL0ykS7WU305Zsmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884535296033740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=CvdpoaIpVIJzW8SuaKFERA==, figureFileBig=10QmpspFydwi02oMo3pmyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884535589635021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图7, caption=实际地形计算域内Trim网格和棱柱层网格, figureFileSmall=CvdpoaIpVIJzW8SuaKFERA==, figureFileBig=10QmpspFydwi02oMo3pmyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884537217024974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pePwAB5xHggP93ZEQniV4Q==, figureFileBig=yQbtjpUNJV65nTPItDBiVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884537292522447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图8, caption=缩尺模型实验装置示意图和本文验证地形(单位:mm), figureFileSmall=pePwAB5xHggP93ZEQniV4Q==, figureFileBig=yQbtjpUNJV65nTPItDBiVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884537393185744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=V/VzwMbuwZM0eFhev6TEcQ==, figureFileBig=kWi5h2nzxcWJhWwSaaMu5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884537699369937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图9, caption=t*=0时刻3种工况下微气压波压力空间分布特征, figureFileSmall=V/VzwMbuwZM0eFhev6TEcQ==, figureFileBig=kWi5h2nzxcWJhWwSaaMu5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884537774867410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=azIoQ+L/hKSg4XXNEGGp6Q==, figureFileBig=qzI/Lormr9cptaDBdXx4Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884537854559187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图10, caption=t*=5.0时刻3种工况下微气压波压力空间分布特征, figureFileSmall=azIoQ+L/hKSg4XXNEGGp6Q==, figureFileBig=qzI/Lormr9cptaDBdXx4Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884537917473748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=bNj7FCjShrVkN3l6MtBXzQ==, figureFileBig=MQoAWI2QXZfg/pRyrhhTGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884537976194005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图11, caption=t*=13.0时刻3种工况下微气压波压力空间分布特征, figureFileSmall=bNj7FCjShrVkN3l6MtBXzQ==, figureFileBig=MQoAWI2QXZfg/pRyrhhTGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884538072662998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yyjYosq8ht43LKTKrSQ6tg==, figureFileBig=2ku534+M2UYXwHN2MpxNXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884538143966167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图12, caption=t*=14.0时刻3种工况下隧道洞口外微气压波压力空间分布特征, figureFileSmall=yyjYosq8ht43LKTKrSQ6tg==, figureFileBig=2ku534+M2UYXwHN2MpxNXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884538227852248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=e1dSGn8zKnzQL+WP2T36pg==, figureFileBig=BWyzi2tttrmN40a/GtbZIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884538299155417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同时刻微气压波压力等值面, figureFileSmall=e1dSGn8zKnzQL+WP2T36pg==, figureFileBig=BWyzi2tttrmN40a/GtbZIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884538374652890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yuHTnXVK+IBSyMXWLti0Ug==, figureFileBig=bhhLM+sY2YLs5aXxXoN1GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884538521453531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图14, caption=简单平地有无缓冲结构工况下不同位置处轴向微气压波时程曲线, figureFileSmall=yuHTnXVK+IBSyMXWLti0Ug==, figureFileBig=bhhLM+sY2YLs5aXxXoN1GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884538617922524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=x628EQfTPxthxp/vAPHJzA==, figureFileBig=LrYXBnRIeeOJkI+VcO5t4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884538685031389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图15, caption=简单平地有无缓冲结构工况下5D处不同方向上微气压波时程曲线, figureFileSmall=x628EQfTPxthxp/vAPHJzA==, figureFileBig=LrYXBnRIeeOJkI+VcO5t4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884538747945950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=lO2Kzvl37vlwxOPAEBQsnQ==, figureFileBig=A83ElmghKzrpqAuXdEG3sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884538831832031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图16, caption=简单平地有缓冲结构与半堑半堤实际地形下轴向不同位置微气压波时程曲线, figureFileSmall=lO2Kzvl37vlwxOPAEBQsnQ==, figureFileBig=A83ElmghKzrpqAuXdEG3sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884538911523808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=NbDgnw6MZuqtwZmuVc+3aw==, figureFileBig=k1JQv6VF0oJ4HvcMEG6b4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884538995409889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图17, caption=简单平地有缓冲结构与半堑半堤实际地形下5D处不同方向微气压波时程曲线, figureFileSmall=NbDgnw6MZuqtwZmuVc+3aw==, figureFileBig=k1JQv6VF0oJ4HvcMEG6b4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884539058324450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=5NEPdkcJkUfs6x/lN4IvKg==, figureFileBig=7bsdmE1opvp2K3NJofFQow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884539188347875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图18, caption=有缓冲结构简单平地与半堑半堤实际地形在不同方向微气压波随距离的衰减特性, figureFileSmall=5NEPdkcJkUfs6x/lN4IvKg==, figureFileBig=7bsdmE1opvp2K3NJofFQow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884539255456740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=1nzvTPsW3mutFDWp9uUwaw==, figureFileBig=aA4wMsl7zZcyG5vN1+vu1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884539318371301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图19, caption=半堑半堤实际地形下不同方向角的微气压波随传播距离的衰减特征, figureFileSmall=1nzvTPsW3mutFDWp9uUwaw==, figureFileBig=aA4wMsl7zZcyG5vN1+vu1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884539393868774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=5uuZq1dwWideVcjDpFsc7g==, figureFileBig=xGhwFZ86umTPV8YdBcqHEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884539465171943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=图20, caption=不同传播距离、不同方位角下微气压波的指向性特征, figureFileSmall=5uuZq1dwWideVcjDpFsc7g==, figureFileBig=xGhwFZ86umTPV8YdBcqHEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1268884539540669416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点位置测点压力/Pa相对误差/%
缩尺模型试验本文数值计算
桥面27.7027.910.76
地面0°26.1926.190.00
地面45°25.4325.520.35
地面90°23.2823.16-0.52
地面135°21.1619.86-6.14
), ArticleFig(id=1268884539595195369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, articleId=1268884515951903598, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

缩尺模型试验验证结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点位置测点压力/Pa相对误差/%
缩尺模型试验本文数值计算
桥面27.7027.910.76
地面0°26.1926.190.00
地面45°25.4325.520.35
地面90°23.2823.16-0.52
地面135°21.1619.86-6.14
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1268263582425694265, delFlag=0, nameCn=中国铁道科学, nameEn=China Railway Science, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1001-4632, eissn=null, cn=11-2480/U, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=SSf6OdgUxD8PAfXgcRZgdw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=China Railway Science, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1780307201251, updatedTime=1780308512476, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=C, firstLetterEn=C, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=SSf6OdgUxD8PAfXgcRZgdw==, picEn=hwTX4BvIZYX9jqu505HCNA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1268269082185991091, language=CN, name=中国铁道科学, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1780308512493, updatedTime=1780308512493, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgtk.chinajournal.net.cn/EditorE3N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgtk.chinajournal.net.cn/EditorE3N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgtk.chinajournal.net.cn/EditorE3N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1268269082236322740, language=EN, name=China Railway Science, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1780308512505, updatedTime=1780308512505, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgtk.chinajournal.net.cn/EditorE3N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgtk.chinajournal.net.cn/EditorE3N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgtk.chinajournal.net.cn/EditorE3N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1268266580820377661, websiteList=[Website(id=1268603530098148336, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1268266580820377661, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgtdkx/CN, language=CN, createTime=1780388251090, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1780388320535, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国铁道科学-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=中国铁道科学, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1268603928955486234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530098148336, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1780388346184, updateTime=1780388346184, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603928934514711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530098148336, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1780388346179, updateTime=1780388346179, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603928972263453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530098148336, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1780388346188, updateTime=1780388346188, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603928926126102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530098148336, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgtdkx/CN/file/pic?fileId=x1EkISp0xx03nZZYvnfO1Q==, createTime=1780388346177, updateTime=1780388346177, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603928984846367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530098148336, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1780388346191, updateTime=1780388346191, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603928947097625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530098148336, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgtdkx/CN/file/pic, createTime=1780388346182, updateTime=1780388346182, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603928976457758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530098148336, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1780388346189, updateTime=1780388346189, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603928938709016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530098148336, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1780388346180, updateTime=1780388346180, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603928959680539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530098148336, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1780388346185, updateTime=1780388346185, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603928963874844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530098148336, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1780388346186, updateTime=1780388346186, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1268603530697933815, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1268266580820377661, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgtdkx/EN, language=EN, createTime=1780388251232, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1780388316834, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国铁道科学-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=China Railway Science, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1268603954360385576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530697933815, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1780388352241, updateTime=1780388352241, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603954339414053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530697933815, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1780388352236, updateTime=1780388352236, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603954381357099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530697933815, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1780388352246, updateTime=1780388352246, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603954331025444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530697933815, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgtdkx/EN/file/pic?fileId=x1EkISp0xx03nZZYvnfO1Q==, createTime=1780388352234, updateTime=1780388352234, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603954398134317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530697933815, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1780388352250, updateTime=1780388352250, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603954356191271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530697933815, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgtdkx/EN/file/pic, createTime=1780388352240, updateTime=1780388352240, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603954389745708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530697933815, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1780388352248, updateTime=1780388352248, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603954347802662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530697933815, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1780388352238, updateTime=1780388352238, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603954368774185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530697933815, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1780388352243, updateTime=1780388352243, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1268603954377162794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1268603530697933815, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1780388352245, updateTime=1780388352245, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=中国铁道科学, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://zgtk.publish.founderss.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=China Railway Science, journalPhotoCn=SSf6OdgUxD8PAfXgcRZgdw==, journalPhotoEn=hwTX4BvIZYX9jqu505HCNA==, journalFirstLetter=C, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgtdkx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.13, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgtdkx/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.13, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgtdkx/CN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.13, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgtdkx/EN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.13, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
地形对时速400 km高速铁路隧道洞口微气压波辐射特征的影响
收藏切换
PDF下载
魏康 , 梅元贵 , 王梓贤 , 胡啸
中国铁道科学 | 2026,47(2): 147-161
收起
收藏切换
中国铁道科学 | 2026, 47(2): 147-161
地形对时速400 km高速铁路隧道洞口微气压波辐射特征的影响
全屏
魏康 , 梅元贵 , 王梓贤, 胡啸
作者信息
  • 1.兰州交通大学 甘肃省轨道交通力学应用工程实验室,甘肃兰州730070
  • 魏康(1995—),男,甘肃宁县人,博士研究生。E-mail:

通讯作者:

梅元贵(1964—),男,河南荥阳人,教授,博士。E-mail:
Influence of Terrain on Radiation Characteristics of Micro-Pressure Waves at Tunnel Entrance for 400 km · h-1 High-Speed Railway
Kang WEI , Yuangui MEI , Zixian WANG, Xiao HU
Affiliations
  • 1.Gansu Province Engineering Laboratory of Rail Transit Mechanics Application, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, LanzhouGansu730070, China
出版时间: 2026-03-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.13
文章导航
收藏切换

针对时速400 km高速铁路隧道洞口微气压波危害加剧的工程问题,为探明实际地形与缓冲结构耦合作用下的微气压波辐射特征,采用三维非定常可压缩流动的Navier-Stokes(纳维-斯托克斯)方程和SST k-ω湍流模型,以隧道断面当量直径D(10 m)为特征尺度,系统研究隧道出口简单平地与半堑半堤实际地形在有无缓冲结构工况下的微气压波峰值、波形、衰减规律及空间指向性等辐射特征。结果表明:缓冲结构通过侧开孔提前辐射微气压波,有效降低了隧道洞口轴向(隧道线路正前方,方位角θ=0°)的微气压波强度;缓冲结构在2D处可有效降低峰值并改变其波形,但在8D处则引起峰值增大,且对展向方向(如θ=+45°,+90°)的微气压波具有增强作用;地形变化对隧道轴向微气压波影响相对较弱,但显著影响两侧区域:路堑处(θ>0°)微气压波峰值大于简单平地,路堤处(θ<0°)峰值最低,路堑斜坡对堑顶以下位置微气压波产生聚集效应,而路堤则使传播路径分散,导致峰值降低;微气压波沿隧道轴向的衰减程度最小,且随方位角θ增大衰减显著加快,相同方位角下路堑处的衰减程度大于路堤;微气压波的指向性受缓冲结构和实际地形的显著影响,当传播距离达到5D时,缓冲结构影响可忽略,此时地形主导指向性,即简单平地呈现轴向指向性,半堑半堤地形则因路堑聚集与路堤分散效应而呈现[0°,+45°]区间指向性。研究结果可为时速400 km高速铁路隧道洞口缓冲结构优化设计及洞口区域的地形处理提供理论依据。

时速400 km  /  高速铁路隧道洞口  /  微气压波  /  半堑半堤实际地形  /  缓冲结构  /  三维非定常可压缩流动模型

To address the engineering problem of aggravated micro-pressure wave hazards at the portal of a 400 km · h-1 high-speed railway tunnel, this study investigates the radiation characteristics of micro-pressure waves under the coupled effects of actual terrain and buffer structures. Based on the three-dimensional unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations and the SST k-ω turbulence model, and using the tunnel equivalent diameter D (10 m) as the characteristic scale, the study systematically examines the radiation characteristics, including peak wave pressure, waveform, attenuation laws, and spatial directivity, of micro-pressure waves under conditions with and without buffer structures at the tunnel exit; it also studies simple flat terrain and semi-cut-semi-fill actual terrain. The results show that the buffer structure pre-radiates micro-pressure waves through side openings, effectively reducing the intensity of micro-pressure waves in the axial direction (directly in front of the tunnel alignment, azimuth θ=0°) at the tunnel portal. The buffer structure effectively reduces the peak value and alters the waveform at 2D, but causes an increase in peak value at 8D, and also enhances micro-pressure waves in lateral directions (e.g., θ=+45°, +90°). Terrain variation has a relatively weak influence on micro-pressure waves in the tunnel axis direction but significantly affects the areas on both sides: the peak micro-pressure wave at the cut (θ>0°) is greater than that on simple flat terrain, while the peak at the fill (θ<0°) is the lowest. The cut slope has a concentrating effect on micro-pressure waves in the area below the cut top, whereas the fill terrain disperses the propagation paths, leading to lower peak values. The attenuation rate of micro-pressure waves is smallest along the tunnel axis and accelerates significantly as the azimuth angle θ increases; for the same azimuth angle, the attenuation at the cut is greater than that at the fill. The directivity of micro-pressure waves is significantly influenced by the buffer structure and actual terrain. When the propagation distance reaches 5D, the influence of the buffer structure becomes negligible, and terrain dominates the directivity - simple flat terrain exhibits axial directivity, while the semi-cut-semi-fill terrain shows directivity in the [0°, +45°] interval due to the concentrating effect of the cut and the dispersing effect of the fill. The research results provide an important theoretical basis for optimizing and design of buffer structures and terrain treatment at the portals of 400 km/h high-speed railway tunnels.

400 km · h-1  /  High-speed railway tunnel portal  /  Micro-pressure wave  /  Semi-cut-semi-fill actual terrain  /  Buffer structure  /  Three-dimensional unsteady compressible flow model
魏康, 梅元贵, 王梓贤, 胡啸. 地形对时速400 km高速铁路隧道洞口微气压波辐射特征的影响. 中国铁道科学, 2026 , 47 (2) : 147 -161 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.13
Kang WEI, Yuangui MEI, Zixian WANG, Xiao HU. Influence of Terrain on Radiation Characteristics of Micro-Pressure Waves at Tunnel Entrance for 400 km · h-1 High-Speed Railway[J]. China Railway Science, 2026 , 47 (2) : 147 -161 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.13
随着高速列车不断提速,空气动力学效应更为显著1。与时速350 km高速铁路比较,时速400 km高速列车运行时引起的隧道洞口微气压波现象更为剧烈,危害更加严重2-3。微气压波是高速铁路运营中有严重环境危害的空气动力学现象,其形成过程由列车进入隧道产生初始压缩波、压缩波以声速向隧道出口传播、压缩波通过出口向外辐射较少能量的压力脉冲波、压力脉冲波传播至“感受者”4个过程构成4。微气压波的本质是低频振动和高频噪声。其中低频脉冲波(频率<20 Hz)易引起隧道洞口附近建筑物门窗振动5-6,高频脉冲波(频率>20 Hz)形成人耳可听到的“轰鸣声”,即音爆现象,在隧道出口处易造成环境噪声污染7-8。中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司开展了长度分别为1.8,9.0和14.0 km的板式轨道隧道实车试验,试验列车速度为250,280和300 km · h-1[9-10,试验结果表明未发生音爆时环境噪声峰值在50 dB左右,发生音爆后环境噪声会迅速增大,14.0 km长隧道洞口外20 m处的噪声峰值最大,达到89.16 dB,比环境噪声增大约40 dB9;当列车速度达到300 km · h-1时,隧道洞口微气压波峰值为150 Pa,此时在隧道洞口监测到明显的音爆现象10。因此,揭示隧道出口外地形地貌与缓冲结构对微气压波辐射特征的耦合作用机制,不仅是时速400 km高速铁路隧道空气动力学重要的科学技术研究问题,更是实现降噪和环境友好型高速铁路建设的重大工程需求。
模拟微气压波的一种方法是将微气压波视为一种声波,利用声学理论进行分析。Yamamoto11基于线性声学理论,对传播至隧道出口端的压缩波与微气压波之间的关系进行了初步研究,在隧道出口定义空间立体角,并给出了微气压波强度的理论计算式,因其形式简单、计算高效,该模型已被广泛应用。随后Ozawa6在新干线上做了大量的实车试验,分析了微气压波的波形和频谱特征,指出当距离隧道出口20 m处的微气压波幅值约为100 Pa或更高时,会出现强烈音爆现象,并采用理论模型探讨了微气压波与压缩波波形之间的关系;并在1997年依据线性声学理论的无限大障板圆形活塞辐射原理,对远场高频低频的压力进行近似处理,得出了更为精确的隧道微气压波计算方法12。后来,Kim等13、Gerbig等14和Hieke等15均采用基于声学理论的上述计算模型模拟微气压波辐射,并对模型试验与实车试验的测试结果进行对比分析。2014年,Miyachi等16通过模型试验研究了隧道出口地形(无限平地、单侧开挖、双侧开挖及高架桥地形)对微气压波的影响,研究表明地形显著改变了微气压波的空间分布和峰值;同时基于试验结果,对常用的立体角模型进行了修正,改进后的模型显著提升了复杂实际地形条件下的微气压波预测精度,弥补了原模型适用于地形影响相对较小的局限性。为更精准预测微气压波并推动未来高速铁路提速,需要建立一种考虑隧道洞口地形特征的声学模型,于是在2017年,Miyachi17通过对比有限差分法(Finite Difference Method,FDM)得到的数值计算结果与试验结果,探讨了线性声学理论的适用性,并基于线性声学理论构建了微气压波声学模型,该模型通过格林函数(Green’s Function)表征地形效应;研究表明,立体角模型只有在测点到隧道洞口的距离大于50 m的情况下才更吻合试验值,改进的声学模型预测结果与数值计算结果和试验结果均吻合良好。之后,Miyachi18通过数值模拟和理论分析,对路堑地形工况下隧道洞口辐射的圆柱形微气压波展开系统探究,最终给出了路堑洞口微气压波强度的近似计算式。根据声学理论,结合传播至隧道出口的压缩波强度及隧道等参数,利用计算式可直接获取隧道洞口特定测点处的微气压波峰值。该方法快速高效,计算资源需求低,非常适合参数化研究和工程初步设计,但是由于微气压波在隧道出口附近存在非线性区19,且其非线性随着高速列车速度的增大而增强,使用声学理论预测非线性区域内特定点处的压力将导致距离隧道出口近场区域测点处的微气压波预测值与实测值偏差较大,同时忽略了缓冲结构和隧道洞口复杂地形对微气压波辐射特征的影响。
模拟微气压波的另一种方法是采用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)进行分析,得到微气压波的辐射特征。Wang等20采用二维轴对称隧道模型,假定微气压波呈球面传播,基于柱坐标系探讨了隧道出口结构对微气压波辐射的影响,研究表明隧道出口微气压波的强度取决于初始压缩波的压力幅值和梯度,缓冲结构开孔的最优面积同时取决于缓冲结构的长度及其横截面积。王田天等21基于三维可压缩非定常流动模型,探讨了不同隧道长度下隧道出口20和50 m处的微气压波变化特征,并基于控制标准给出了适用于时速400 km高速铁路的缓冲结构型式。Kim等22采用模型试验和基于二维轴对称欧拉方程的非定常可压缩流动模型,分析了不同弱激波马赫数与隧道洞口外挡板参数对微气压波辐射的耦合作用,研究发现挡板直径小于隧道直径的3倍时,挡板才会对微气压波强度产生影响。在预测微气压波时,气动声学理论仅适用于测点距离隧道洞口大于隧道直径4倍以上的情况。Zhang等23采用二维轴对称隧道模型,研究了近场区域、远场区域以及特定半径不同角度位置的微气压波分布特征,并将模拟计算结果与理论计算结果进行了对比,发现微气压波以半椭圆形形态向下游传播,在近场区域微气压波会急剧衰减,在远场区域呈线性衰减趋势。韩嘉强等24通过数值仿真发现,列车由350 km · h-1提速至400 km · h-1后,压缩波压力梯度峰值最大超200 kPa · s-1,直接导致洞口微气压波幅值显著增大,其幅值还与隧道长度、缓冲结构和地形等有关。王辰等25采用三维CFD数值仿真方法探讨了缓冲结构对微气压波辐射的影响,并基于Yamamoto微气压波理论公式分析了不同缓冲结构的空间立体角对微气压波缓解率的影响。王凯文等8基于二维轴对称非定常可压缩流动的纳维-斯托克斯方程(N-S方程)和SST k-ω湍流模型,得到不同速度下微气压波辐射特征,利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)分析了隧道洞口外微气压波频谱特征,并依据微气压波控制标准评估了距离隧道各测点处的声压级,文中指出微气压波首先以半椭球形状向外辐射,随后逐渐转变为半球形并向下游传播,轴向微气压波的强度最大,在450~700 km · h-1的速度范围内,微气压波的声压级超过115 dB,甚至达到135 dB,会产生明显的音爆现象。上野陽亮等26采用三维可压缩流动的N-S方程和Spalart-Allmaras(S-A)湍流模型,评估了隧道出口无缓冲结构下的桥梁及房屋对微气压波辐射强度影响,发现地形和建筑物的存在会影响微气压波的辐射,因此模拟实际环境中微气压波的辐射特征是非常有必要的。杨伟超等27建立了隧道-U型槽-列车-空气气动仿真计算模型,分析了隧道洞口U型槽宽度和坡度对微气压波的影响规律,揭示U型槽作用下微气压波传播的流场机制,并提出了考虑隧道出口U型槽结构的微气压波空间立体角计算式。王辰28采用雷诺时均(RANS)方法和SST k-ω湍流模型,研究时速350 km列车运行条件下4种隧道出口连接段地貌(仰坡、路堤、路堑和桥梁)的空间立体角变化对微气压波传播的影响,发现隧道出口连接段对微气压波幅值影响明显,空间立体角反映了微气压波幅值的变化趋势。
综上所述,目前对隧道微气压波的研究已取得了显著进展,但现有研究多数仍依赖于二维轴对称或高度简化的地形模型。这类模型在揭示基础物理机制方面具有一定价值,却难以反映真实工程环境中地形地貌的复杂性和不对称性。实际地形会通过地势起伏改变微气压波的辐射路径、强度分布及衰减规律,同时,目前的研究还缺乏隧道缓冲结构与实际地形耦合作用下对微气压波辐射直接影响的分析。
本文在时速400 km条件下,耦合某在建高速铁路隧道出口段的实际工程地形与缓冲结构,基于三维非定常可压缩流动的Navier-Stokes方程和SST k-ω湍流模型,揭示了半堑半堤复杂地形工况对微气压波辐射特征的影响。研究结果可为高速铁路隧道出口缓冲结构的优化设计、隧道洞口区域的地形处理和微气压波控制标准的制定提供重要的理论依据。
以时速400 km高速列车头型和国内时速350 km铁路隧道断面参数为背景,以文献[29-31]获取的初始压缩波波形作为三维非定常可压缩流动模型的入口边界条件。列车宽度为3.36 m、高度3.85 m、流线型长度为14 m,列车速度为400 km · h-1。列车由头车、中间车和尾车组成,各车厢之间采用风挡连接。建立的高速列车气动几何模型如图1所示。为准确模拟高速列车周围流场,列车模型尽可能再现真实、复杂的原始车体结构,包括风挡、转向架舱、转向架等结构部件。
双线隧道轮廓和端墙式扩大缓冲结构示意图如图2所示。该缓冲结构为端墙式扩大缓冲结构,全长44.0 m,顶部高15.2 m,底端两侧设有人行道。在缓冲结构两侧各设置3个开孔,孔高3.7 m、宽3.0 m,开孔的间隔为5.2 m。该隧道为双线隧道,净空面积为100 m2,线间距为5.0 m,断面当量直径D为10 m。
隧道出口外地形为简单平地,其有缓冲结构和无缓冲结构计算域示意图如图3所示。图中:以缓冲结构出口断面的路面中心作为笛卡尔坐标系的原点,x轴正方向为列车驶出隧道方向,也是压缩波在隧道内的传播方向,y轴正方向垂直于x轴指向隧道左侧,z轴正方向则垂直路面向上。
实际地形计算域和边界条件示意图如图4所示。该实际地形以路堑和路堤的形式向前延伸,沿隧道轴向左侧高于路面,右侧低于路面。
简单平地与实际地形仅是洞外地形不同。隧道外计算域沿x方向长度为22Dy方向宽度为22Dz方向从轨面起高11D。从入口边界到隧道出口或缓冲结构出口共长18D,确保压缩波波形能不受干扰地完整输入。线路模型考虑轨道。
计算域四壁及顶部采用自由流边界,其余边界均采用无滑移壁面。计算域内空气视为理想气体。计算初始条件按照标准大气压取值,大气压p0=101 325 Pa,空气密度ρ=1.225 kg · m-3,静态温度T=288 K,声速c0=340 m · s-1
获取的初始压缩波波形如图5所示。定义无量纲时间t*如式(1)所示。通过大气压进行无量纲化得到无量纲压力p*如式(2)所示。
t*=tc0D
p*=pp0×104
式中:t为实际物理时间;p为微气压波的实际压力。
考虑到该初始压缩波波形存在2个上升阶段,分别为t*在0~14 s和14~20 s范围内,以第1阶段压力梯度峰值为斜率的切线与p*=0所处直线交点为该初始压缩波波前,以第2阶段压力梯度峰值为斜率的切线与p*=pmaxpmax为初始压缩波峰值)所处直线交点为该初始压缩波波尾。从波前到波尾为整个压缩波波长,而第1阶段压力梯度峰值也是2个阶段中的最大值,因此将其定义为初始压缩波的压力梯度峰值。
隧道出口外测点布置示意图如图6所示。定义隧道洞口处为圆心,沿隧道轴向方向为方位角θ=0°,沿逆时针方向为θ增加方向。θ>0°处的地形为路堑。路堑堑顶高0.34D,未高过整个隧道洞口。θ<0°处的地形为路堤,路堤斜坡向下延伸距离超过D。每间隔22.5°布置一列θ测点,每列测点间距为D。测点距轨面高度1.5 m,路堑堑顶处测点距地面高度1.5 m。
实际地形计算域内Trim网格和棱柱层网格划分如图7所示。图7(a)为缓冲结构出口处yoz截面网格,图7(b)为缓冲结构及隧道xoz截面网格,图7(c)为缓冲结构及隧道xoy截面网格,图7(d)为隧道内棱柱层网格。整个计算域采用Trim网格,以球心为原点,分别设置半径为2D,5D和10D的球形区域。3个区域网格尺寸依次为0.031 25D,0.125D和0.500D。在钢轨附近和隧道区域的网格尺寸分别0.031 25D和0.125D。为捕捉压缩波在隧道壁面附近引起的流动,在壁面设置棱柱层。棱柱层第1层网格厚度y+=1.0,网格高3.24×10-5D,边界拉伸16层网格。
采用三维非定常可压缩流动的Navier-Stokes方程和SST k-ω湍流模型模拟隧道内压缩波向外辐射微气压波和微气压波传播过程。时间项离散采用隐式二阶向后差分,对流项离散采用混合MUSCL三阶和中心差分,梯度模型限制器采用MinMod法。时间步长Δt=1×10-3 s。
为验证数值计算方法的合理性,选取日本学者Miyachi等16已发表的缩尺比为1∶130模型试验数据进行对比验证。该试验装置采用了长14 067 mm的圆管模拟隧道,椭圆形旋成体的列车模型以时速250 km驶入圆管,产生的初始压缩波沿圆管传播,其中一部分压缩波沿长2 284 mm的支管向外传播,在距该支管口1 000 mm处设置压力传感器进行检测。支管口外设置了不同地形并记录相关测点数据。为尽量减小描点误差,选择数据点清晰且不重叠的高79 mm桥梁模型157 mm处测点数据进行验证。该试验采用的压力传感器型号为XCS-190-5-G,属于小型高灵敏度压阻式压力传感器,测量范围为0~35 kPa,固有频率为150 kHz,能够捕捉快速变化的动态压力信号,工作温度范围为-55~175 ℃,适应极端环境测试需求,体积小、质量轻(仅4 g),易于安装在狭小空间,减少对流体流动的干扰。缩尺模型试验装置示意图和本文验证用的出口地形16图8所示。
缩尺模型试验验证结果见表1。表中:缩尺模型试验数据来源于文献[16]中图9(a)黑色圆点的实测数据;相对误差以缩尺模型试验数值为基准。由表1可知:最大误差发生在圆管洞口后方,可能是由于圆管外和桥梁的支架等障碍物的具体位置和长度宽度未在文中详细说明,模型设置难以完全复现试验装置所导致;其余测点误差均小于2%,这一结果证实了本文采用的数值方法和设置网格的合理性。
提取隧道出口外简单平地无缓冲结构、简单平地有缓冲结构和半堑半堤实际地形洞口有缓冲结构3种工况下不同时刻的压力分布特征进行分析。
t*=0时刻压缩波波前抵达隧道洞口并开始向外辐射,该时刻3种工况下微气压波压力空间分布特征如图9所示。从图9可以看出:t*=0时刻,简单平地无缓冲结构的隧道内压缩波逐渐由平面波转为沿传播方向凸起的三维波,洞口外在x>0,θ∈[-90°,90°]范围内辐射的微气压波呈球形,在x<0的范围内,微气压波辐射较弱;有缓冲结构的微气压波仍近似呈现球形,球心移动至缓冲结构内,这是因为缓冲结构侧开孔使得压缩波提前向外辐射微气压波,并降低了隧道洞口轴向微气压波强度。
t*=5.0时刻压缩波压力梯度峰值抵达洞口,该时刻3种工况下的微气压波压力空间分布特征如图10所示。从图10可以看出:t*=5.0时刻,简单平地无缓冲结构工况下隧道洞口微气压波仍基本呈球形辐射;简单平地有缓冲结构和半堑半堤实际地形工况下微气压波在y方向上传播距离比简单平地无缓冲结构工况下的更远,这是因为缓冲结构侧开孔会提前辐射微气压波,增加了微气压波的传播距离。
t*=13.0时刻压缩波波尾抵达洞口,该时刻3种工况下的微气压波压力空间分布特征如图11所示。从图11可以看出:t*=13.0时刻,经过隧道洞口反射形成的膨胀波逐渐向隧道内传播,洞口处压力降至大气压水平,此时洞外微气压波在x/D∈[0,4]∪[5.5,8.5]呈现2个黄色的高压区(靠近洞口的高压区命名为区域1,远离洞口的高压区命名为区域2),这是因为微气压波波形存在2个高峰,区域1和区域2是微气压波波形在空间上的体现;区域1仍基本呈现以洞口为中心的环状,简单平地有缓冲结构比简单平地无缓冲结构工况下的区域1微气压波强度更弱;选取区域2最大y值和最小y值2条边的中点并与洞口中央相连,连线关于轴线对称,连线夹角在简单平地无缓冲结构工况下小于90°,而在简单平地有缓冲结构和半堑半堤实际地形工况下约等于90°。
t*=14.0时刻3种工况下隧道洞口外微气压波压力空间分布特征如图12所示。从图12可以看出:3种工况下相较于图11,区域1范围增大但压力减小,区域2的范围与压力均减小,连线夹角也明显小于90°;半堑半堤实际地形工况下区域2与洞口的连线不再对称,除区域2外,在靠近路堑侧区域存在小部分黄色高压区,这是因为路堑斜坡阻碍微气压波扩散至堑顶,并使微气压波聚集在坡脚;微气压波辐射存在指向性并且指向性在一定程度上还受到缓冲结构和隧道出口地形的影响。
半堑半堤实际地形工况下微气压波不同时刻压力等值面如图13所示。图中:蓝色为20 Pa等值面;红色为50 Pa等值面;t1为隧道轴向D位置处微气压波达到峰值的时刻,定义微气压波以音速传播1D距离的时间为Δt
图13可以看出:t1-4Δtt1t时段,隧道洞外微气压波尚未达到峰值,将该时段定义为微气压波增长阶段;t1t1+3Δt时段,隧道洞外微气压波达到峰值并开始衰减,将该时段定义为微气压波衰减阶段;在增长阶段,20和50 Pa等值面同步向外扩大,但受地形的影响,辐射形态呈现明显的非对称性;在衰减阶段,等值面明显收缩,在t1+2Δt时刻缓冲结构前方的压力偏大,缓冲结构出口两侧的压力偏小,此时微气压波辐射呈现出明显的方向性,最终在t1+3Δt时刻,仅在隧道洞口附近残留小范围的压力区。
简单平地有、无缓冲结构工况下沿隧道轴向2D,5D和8D位置处微气压波时程曲线如图14所示。
图14可以看出以下结论。
(1)在微气压波的上升阶段,有、无缓冲结构工况下的时程曲线基本重合;而在下降阶段,有缓冲结构的曲线明显低于无缓冲结构工况。该结果表明,缓冲结构对微气压波初始上升阶段影响较小,但会加剧微气压波的衰减,使压力更快恢复至大气压水平。
(2)在2D位置处,有缓冲结构的微气压波峰值比无缓冲结构工况降低了12.3%,且波峰附近波形存在明显差异;在5D处,2种工况下的波峰值较为接近;而在8D处,有缓冲结构时的波峰反而比无缓冲结构工况增大了11.4%。上述现象表明,该缓冲结构在近场(如2D处)可有效降低微气压波峰值并改变其波形,但在远场(如8D处)则会引起峰值增大。
在5D位置处θ为+45°和+90°方向上的微气压波时程曲线如图15所示。由于简单平地下微气压波辐射具有对称性,图中仅展示一侧。
图15可以看出:在方位角为+45°和+90°处,设置缓冲结构后微气压波峰值比无缓冲结构工况分别增大了4.2%和17.7%。该结果表明,此类缓冲结构对隧道展向方向上的微气压波具有增强作用。这是由于缓冲结构两侧设有向展向打开的侧开孔,压缩波经侧开孔向外辐射微气压波,导致该方向上的幅值增大。
简单平地有缓冲结构和半堑半堤实际地形工况下的隧道洞口沿轴向2D,5D和8D位置处微气压波的时程曲线如图16所示。从图16可以看出:在不同地形工况下,轴向各测点的微气压波时程曲线整体趋势较为接近,差异主要体现在波峰附近;在8D位置处峰值差异最为显著,半堑半堤实际地形工况下的微气压波峰值比简单平地工况降低了3.3%。该结果表明,地形变化对隧道轴向微气压波的影响不明显。
在5D位置处不同方位角θ(+45°,-45°,+90°和-90°)下简单平地有缓冲结构与半堑半堤实际地形的微气压波时程曲线对比如图17所示。从图17可以看出:在不同方位角条件下,半堑半堤实际地形与简单平地工况下的微气压波时程曲线表现出一定差异;在+45°和+90°方位角处,半堑半堤实际地形工况下的微气压波峰值比简单平地工况分别增大了3.0%和3.7%;在-45°和-90°方位角处,半堑半堤实际地形峰值比简单平地降低了7.2%和8.4%;总体上,当方位角为正值时,半堑半堤实际地形中的微气压波峰值均大于简单平地工况,而当方位角为负值时,半堑半堤实际地形中的峰值则普遍较低。这一结果表明,微气压波受地形影响的程度随方位角的增加而增大。
路堑堑顶高于平地,其斜坡结构约束了微气压波的传播空间,导致微气压波更易聚集于坡脚区域,难以向上传播至堑顶,因此路堑对堑顶以下位置的微气压波具有聚集效应。相反,路堤坡脚低于平地,扩大了微气压波的传播空间,使微气压波传播路径更为分散,从而促进了微气压波峰值的降低。
在简单平地设置缓冲结构和实际地形工况下,方位角分别为0°,±45°和±90°时微气压波在D~8D范围内的衰减曲线如图18所示。图中:p*为拟合函数(p*=ax/D-n,其中a为比例常数,n为衰减系数);x/D为无量纲传播距离,曲线衰减系数越大,表明衰减速率越快。从图18可以看出:微气压波在轴线方向(0°)的衰减系数最小为0.793,且随着方位角的增大,衰减速率逐渐增加;在不同地形条件下,轴向的微气压波峰值衰减曲线始终较为接近,而在±45°与±90°方位角上,距洞口5D范围内,微气压波峰值表现为路堑处最大,简单平地处次之,路堤处最小,超过5D后,实际地形中不同方位角下的微气压波虽呈现不同变化趋势,但仍始终围绕简单平地衰减曲线波动;在45°方位角上,实际地形下的微气压波峰值衰减最慢,当方位角为90°时,实际地形下的微气压波峰值衰减最快,因此路堑地形在一定临界角度范围内能缓解衰减,但超过该临界角度后反而会加剧衰减。从总体上看,隧道洞口外地形特征对轴向上微气压波峰值的衰减影响较弱,但对轴向两侧区域的衰减具有显著影响。
半堑半堤实际地形条件下,不同方位角上微气压波峰值随辐射距离变化的衰减拟合曲线如图19所示。从图19可以看出:隧道轴向(0°)在D处的微气压波峰值接近各方位角拟合直线中的最小值,而在8D处则表现为最大值,该分布特征表明,方位角为0°时微气压波的衰减性最弱。在实际地形中,微气压波的衰减程度随方位角的不同而存在显著差异,其中隧道轴向(0°)的衰减系数为0.808,衰减程度最小;-45°和+45°方位角的衰减系数分别为0.847和0.857,衰减程度次之;-90°和+90°方位角的衰减系数分别为0.926和0.994,衰减程度最大;相同方位角下,路堑处的衰减程度大于路堤。
微气压波向隧道出口外辐射时,其强度在空间不同方位角上呈现出非均匀分布特性,即在相同传播距离(如2D或5D)条件下,微气压波峰值在不同方位角上呈现显著差异,强度更集中的方位角范围即为微气压波的指向性。这一特征本质上反映了地形和缓冲结构等因素对微气压波辐射路径的影响特征。
简单平地有缓冲结构与半堑半堤实际地形工况下,半径为2D和5D处的微气压波峰值随方位角θ的变化情况如图20所示。
图20可以看出以下结论。
(1)在2D范围内,简单平地工况下微气压波峰值随θ增大呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,并在θ=0°时达到极小值,该现象可归因于缓冲结构侧开孔对微气压波辐射的影响;在传播距离5D处,微气压波峰值在θ=0°时达到最大值,随着方位角向±90°增大,峰值逐渐降低,呈现“轴向峰值最高、两侧对称衰减”的分布特征,强度集中于θ=0°(隧道轴向),因此定义为“轴向指向性”;简单平地无地形约束,微气压波辐射仅受缓冲结构影响(5D处已微弱),强度自然沿隧道轴向(压缩波传播主方向)集中,呈现轴向指向性。
(2)在2D范围内,实际地形工况下路堑部分的微气压波峰值高于简单平地,而路堤一侧则低于简单平地。微气压波从θ=-45°起随方位角增加而逐渐增大,但在θ∈[+45°,+67.5°]区间内出现短暂下降后再次上升;当θ从+45°增大至+67.5°时,地形由路堑坡脚抬升至堑顶,高程的增加抑制了微气压波越过斜坡向堑顶传播,反而促使能量聚集于坡脚,从而导致θ=+67.5°处的微气压波降低;在传播距离5D处,微气压波峰值在θ∈[0°,+45°]区间内维持最大值,而当θ>+45°时,峰值骤降,θ<0°(路堤侧)时,峰值普遍较低;θ∈[0°,+45°]区间内峰值显著高于其他区间,且区间内峰值波动小,因此定义为“[0°,+45°]区间指向性”;路堑侧(θ>0°)的斜坡结构约束了微气压波向上传播,使强度聚集于坡脚至θ=+45°区间;而路堤侧(θ<0°)地形开阔,能量快速扩散导致峰值降低,两者共同作用使指向性主方向偏离纯轴向,集中于[0°,+45°]区间。
(3)在2D范围内,缓冲结构侧开孔提前辐射微气压波,使简单平地工况下θ=0°出现峰值极小值,微气压波峰值表现为“两侧高、轴向低”,这是缓冲结构与辐射近场非线性效应的叠加结果;在传播距离5D处,缓冲结构影响可忽略,地形主导指向性—简单平地无约束,呈现轴向指向性;半堑半堤地形的路堑聚集效应与路堤扩散效应稳定,呈现[0°,+45°]区间指向性。
(1)隧道洞口外地形和洞口缓冲结构均会影响微气压波的辐射特征。缓冲结构通过从侧开孔提前辐射微气压波从而减弱隧道轴向微气压波的辐射强度。半堑半堤实际地形主要通过地势高低影响隧道轴向两侧微气压波的传播规律。
(2)缓冲结构对微气压波初始上升阶段影响较小,但会加剧微气压波的衰减。缓冲结构在近场可有效降低微气压波峰值并改变其波形,但在远场处则会引起峰值增大且对展向方向的微气压波具有增强作用。
(3)地形变化对隧道轴向微气压波的影响不明显。路堑处的微气压波峰值大于简单平地工况,路堤处的峰值则普遍较低;路堑对堑顶以下位置的微气压波具有聚集效应,路堤使微气压波传播路径更为分散,从而促进了微气压波峰值的降低。
(4)微气压波在轴向(0°)上的衰减速率最小,且随着方位角的增大,衰减速率逐渐增加。微气压波峰值表现为路堑处最大,简单平地处次之,路堤处最小;微气压波的衰减规律受到地形的影响,但仍然保持反比衰减的特性。隧道轴向(0°)的衰减最小,±45°方位角次之,±90°方位角的衰减最大。在相同的方位角下,路堑处的衰减程度大于路堤。
(5)微气压波的指向性明显受到缓冲结构和隧道洞口外地形的影响,这种影响程度随传播距离的增加而减弱。当传播距离达到5D时,缓冲结构的影响可以忽略不计,地形影响也明显减弱。简单平地工况下,微气压波具有明显的轴向指向性,在半堑半堤实际地形工况下微气压波在θ∈[0°,+45°]区间内呈现明显的指向性。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
王辰,马伟斌,韩嘉强,.基于实车测试的不同列车速度下隧道气动效应及变化规律[J].中国铁道科学202445(6):158-167.
WANG ChenMA WeibinHAN Jiaqianget al. Tunnel Aerodynamic Effect and Variation Law under Different Train Speeds Based on Field Experiments [J]. China Railway Science202445 (6): 158-167. in Chinese
[2]
NIU J QSUI YYU Q Jet al. Aerodynamics of Railway Train/Tunnel System: a Review of Recent Research [J]. Energy and Built Environment20201 (4): 351-375.
[3]
WANG YMA W BHAN J Qet al. Field Test and Numerical Investigation of Tunnel Aerodynamic Effect Induced by High-Speed Trains Running at Higher Speeds [J]. Applied Sciences202313 (14): 8197.
[4]
STURT RLYNCH PBURNS Ret al. Aerodynamic Assessment and Mitigation - Design Considerations for High-Speed Rail [R]. Washington, D.C.: USA, 2022: 221-222.
[5]
AOKI TVARDY A EBROWN J M B. Passive Alleviation of Micro-Pressure Waves from Tunnel Portals [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration1999220 (5): 921-940.
[6]
OZAWA S. Studies of Micro-Pressure Wave Radiated from a Tunnel Exit [R]. Tokyo: Japanese National Railways, 1979: 21-87.
[7]
TEBBUTT J AVAHDATI MCAROLAN Det al. Numerical Investigation on an Array of Helmholtz Resonators for the Reduction of Micro-Pressure Waves in Modern and Future High-Speed Rail Tunnel Systems [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration2017400: 606-625.
[8]
WANG K WXIONG X HWEN C Yet al. Formation and Propagation Characteristics of a Weak Shock Wave in Maglev Tube [J]. Physics of Fluids202436 (3): 036120.
[9]
韩嘉强,马伟斌,刘艳青,.不同长度高速铁路隧道压缩波激化过程及音爆现象[J].中国铁道科学202546(5):184-192.
HAN JiaqiangMA WeibinLIU Yanqinget al. Compression Wave Intensification Process and Sonic Boom Phenomenon of High-Speed Railway Tunnel with Different Lengths [J]. China Railway Science202546 (5): 184-192. in Chinese
[10]
韩嘉强,马伟斌,程爱君,.高速铁路长大隧道音爆现象及斜井辅助泄压缓解效果研究[J].中国铁道科学202445(3):87-96.
HAN JiaqiangMA WeibinCHENG Aijunet al. Research on Sonic Boom in Long Tunnels of High-Speed Railways and Alleviation Effect of Auxiliary Relief through Inclined Shaft [J]. China Railway Science202445 (3): 87-96. in Chinese
[11]
YAMAMOTO A. Micro-Pressure Wave Radiated from Tunnel Exit [J]. The Physical Society of Japan19774: 137.
[12]
OZAWA SMURATA KMAEDA T. Effect of Ballasted Track on Distortion of Pressure Wave in Tunnel and Emission of Micro-Pressure Wave [C]// International Conference on Aerodynamics and Ventilation of Vehicle Tunnels, Aosta Valley, Italy. Bury St. Edmunds: Mechanical Engineering Publications, 199727: 935-950.
[13]
LEE S IKIM D HROHIT I Set al. Effect of High-Speed Railway Tunnel Exit Topography on the Emission Characteristics of Micro-Pressure Wave [J]. Journal of The Korean Society for Urban Railway20197 (3): 445-454.
[14]
GERBIG CHIEKE M. Micro-Pressure Wave Emissions from German High-Speed Railway Tunnels - an Approved Method for Prediction and Acoustic Assessment [M]. Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2015: 571-578.
[15]
HIEKE MGERBIG CDIEPEN J Vet al. Field Measurements of Micro-Pressure Wave Mitigations of German New High-Speed Line Erfurt-Halleleipzig [C]// Proceedings of the 11th World Congress Railway Research, Milan, Italy. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2016.
[16]
MIYACHI TFUKUDA T. Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Topography around the Tunnel Portal on Micro-Pressure Waves [J]. Quarterly Report of RTRI201455 (4): 235-240.
[17]
MIYACHI T. Acoustic Model of Micro-Pressure Wave Emission from a High-Speed Train Tunnel [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration2017391 (1): 127-152.
[18]
MIYACHI T. Cylindrical Micro-Pressure Wave Radiation from Tunnel Portals in Deep Cuttings [J]. Physics of Fluids202436 (10): 106124.
[19]
杨志刚,谭晓明,梁习锋,.基于高阶谱差分的CAA模型预测高速列车过隧微气压波[J].铁道学报201436(7):85-89.
YANG ZhigangTAN XiaomingLIANG Xifenget al. Prediction of Micro-Pressure Wave with the CAA Model Based on High Order Spectral Difference [J]. Journal of the China Railway Society201436 (7): 85-89. in Chinese
[20]
WANG H LVARDY A EPOKRAJAC D. Perforated Tunnel Exit Regions and Micro-Pressure Waves: Geometrical Influence [J]. Engineering and Computational Mechanics2016169 (2): 70-85.
[21]
王田天,胡冲,龚彦峰,.扩大斜切式缓冲结构对时速400 km铁路隧道口微气压波缓解研究[J].空气动力学学报202139(5):151-161.
WANG TiantianHU ChongGONG Yanfenget al. Mitigation of Micro-Pressure Wave at 400 km/h Railway Tunnel Exit by Oblique Enlarged Tunnel-Hood [J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica202139 (5): 151-161. in Chinese
[22]
KIM H DSETOGUCHI T. Study of the Discharge of Weak Shocks from an Open End of a Duct [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration1999226 (5): 1011-1028.
[23]
ZHANG GKIM T HKIM D Het al. Prediction of Micro-Pressure Waves Generated at the Exit of a Model Train Tunnel [J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics2018183: 127-139.
[24]
韩嘉强,马伟斌,田经纬,.400 km/h既有高铁隧道空气动力学特性及其适应性分析[J].中国铁路2025(6):78-86.
HAN JiaqiangMA WeibinTIAN Jingweiet al. Analysis on Aerodynamic Characteristics and Adaptability of Existing 400 km/h HSR Tunnels [J]. China Railway2025 (6): 78-86. in Chinese
[25]
王辰,马伟斌,刘艳青,.时速400 km高速铁路隧道洞口等截面缓冲结构型式及参数[J].隧道建设:中英文202545(9):1649-1663.
WANG ChenMA WeibinLIU Yanqinget al. Types and Parameters of Equal Section Buffer Structures at Entrance of High-Speed Railway Tunnels with 400 km/h Speed [J]. Tunnel Construction202545 (9): 1649-1663. in Chinese
[26]
上野陽亮,田島厚志,佐々木隆.地形と家屋を考慮した在来線特急および高速鉄道車両のトンネル微気圧波解析[C]//第33回数値流体力学シンポジウム講演論文集.東京:JSFM,2019:1-7.
UENO YohryuTAJIMA AtsushiSASAKI Takashi. Analysis of Tunnel Micro-Pressure Waves for Regular and High-Speed Railway Vehicles Considering Topography and Buildings [C]// Proceedings of the 33rd Symposium on Computational Fluid Dynamics. Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo: JSFM, 2019: 1-7. Japanese)in
[27]
杨伟超,王蔚雯,李国志,.时速400 km高铁隧道洞口U型槽对微气压波的影响[J].铁道科学与工程学报202522(7):2872-2885.
YANG WeichaoWANG WeiwenLI Guozhiet al. Impact of U-Shaped Grooves at Entrance of High-Speed Train Tunnels on Micro-Pressure Waves at Speed of 400 km/h [J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering202522 (7): 2872-2885. in Chinese
[28]
王辰.高速铁路隧道空气压力波传播特性及微气压波缓解措施研究[D].北京:中国铁道科学研究院,2023.
WANG Chen. Research on the Propagation Characteristics of Air Pressure Waves and Mitigation Measures for Micro Pressure Waves in High-Speed Railway Tunnels [D]. Beijing: China Academy of Railway Sciences, 2023. in Chinese
[29]
MEI Y GWANG Z XSUN Qet al. The Characteristics of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of the Initial Compression Wave Induced by a 400 km/h High-Speed Train Entering a Tunnel [J]. Applied Sciences202414 (16): 7208.
[30]
王梓贤.时速400公里高速铁路隧道出口微气压波传播特征[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2025.
WANG Zixian. Propagation Characteristics of Micro-Pressure Waves at the Exit of 400 km/h High-Speed Railway Tunnels [D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 2025. in Chinese
[31]
梅元贵,胡啸,魏康,.时速400公里高速铁路隧道洞口微气压波形成机制和控制标准[R].兰州:兰州交通大学,2024:1-194.
MEI YuanguiHU XiaoWEI Kanget al. Formation Mechanism and Control Standards of Micro-Pressure Waves at Tunnel Portals of 400 km/h High-Speed Railways [R]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 2024: 1-194.in Chinese)
2026年第47卷第2期
PDF下载
12
5
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.13
  • 接收时间:2025-11-19
  • 首发时间:2026-06-03
  • 出版时间:2026-03-01
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-19
  • 修回日期:2026-03-09
基金
作者信息
    1.兰州交通大学 甘肃省轨道交通力学应用工程实验室,甘肃兰州730070

通讯作者:

梅元贵(1964—),男,河南荥阳人,教授,博士。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgtdkx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.13
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏