Article(id=1268884413225014118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, issueId=1268884383122494171, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.06, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739808000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-18, revisedDate=1767542400000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1780455218845, onlineDateStr=2026-06-03, pubDate=1772294400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1780455218845, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1780455218845, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1780455218845, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1268884383122494171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='255', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1780455211667, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1780455310713, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1268884798719300557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, issueId=1268884383122494171, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1268884798723494862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, issueId=1268884383122494171, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=61, endPage=75, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1268884413434729320, articleId=1268884413225014118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, language=EN, title=Technical Scheme and Train Operation Safety of Deployable Railway Emergency Repair Girder with Telescopic Diagonal Web Members, columnId=null, journalTitle=China Railway Science, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To meet the requirements of modern railway bridge emergency repair, a technical scheme for a deployable medium-span emergency repair girder based on telescopic diagonal web members is proposed. The girder utilizes deployable frame units as its basic components, enabling folding and deployment through the extension and retraction of the diagonal web members. This design resolves the technical challenge of balancing assembly efficiency with storage and transportation space in existing repair girders, while also meeting the emergency repair demands of both conventional-speed and high-speed railway bridges. Finite element analysis models and multi-body dynamics models are established to conduct static analysis and vehicle-bridge coupled dynamic response analysis on the deployable railway emergency repair girder. The results indicate that the stress levels and displacements of the deployable repair girder meet the limit requirements of the “Code for Design on Railway Bridge and Culvert”. The member stresses are highest under the loading of mixed passenger and freight railway traffic. The arrangement of the diagonal web members significantly influences the ultimate bearing capacity of the deployable girder, with the inverted V-shaped configuration yielding a higher ultimate bearing capacity. Among the three truss configurations for the 32 m span, the heavy truss emergency repair girder exhibits superior dynamic response indices. The wheel load reduction rate is identified as the key factor controlling train speed, and the speed limit for high-speed trains crossing the 32 m span deployable railway emergency repair girder can be controlled at 120 km · h-¹.

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为适应现代铁路桥梁抢修的需求,提出一种基于可伸缩斜腹杆的可展式铁路中等跨度抢修梁技术方案。该抢修梁以可展构架单元为基本单元,可通过斜腹杆的伸缩实现折叠与展开,解决既有抢修梁拼组效率和储运空间不能兼顾的技术问题,同时适应普铁、高铁桥梁的抢修要求。建立有限元分析模型和多体动力学模型,对可展铁路抢修梁进行静力学分析和车桥耦合动力响应分析。结果表明:可展铁路抢修梁的应力水平、位移能满足《铁路桥涵设计规范》限值要求,客货共线铁路列车(ZKH)荷载作用下抢修梁各杆件应力最大;斜腹杆布置方式对可展铁路抢修梁的极限承载力具有显著的影响,斜腹杆倒“八”字形布置时极限承载力较高;32 m跨3种桁架配置类型中,重型桁架抢修梁各项动力响应指标较优;轮重减载率是控制列车运行速度的关键因素,高铁列车通过32 m跨度可展铁路抢修梁的限速可控制在120 km · h-1

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徐光兴(1974—),男,江西上饶人,教授,博士。E-mail:

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徐光兴(1974—),男,江西上饶人,教授,博士。E-mail:

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杆件类型hh1bb1tt1
轻型弦杆3701706002281212
重型弦杆3701706002103030
竖腹杆2501501212
斜腹杆2502101212
平纵联、横联1001001212
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杆件截面尺寸

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杆件类型hh1bb1tt1
轻型弦杆3701706002281212
重型弦杆3701706002103030
竖腹杆2501501212
斜腹杆2502101212
平纵联、横联1001001212
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跨度/m可展构架单元数量/个桁架数量/片桁架类型
24124轻型
32246轻型
32164重型
32164混合型
40306重型
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不同跨度有限元模型参数

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跨度/m可展构架单元数量/个桁架数量/片桁架类型
24124轻型
32246轻型
32164重型
32164混合型
40306重型
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钢材种类轴向应力/MPa弯曲应力/MPa剪应力/MPa
Q355240250145
42CrMo558~651558336
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材料参数

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钢材种类轴向应力/MPa弯曲应力/MPa剪应力/MPa
Q355240250145
42CrMo558~651558336
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阶数轻型桁架抢修梁重型桁架抢修梁混合型桁架抢修梁
16.3876.4936.011
26.4726.8606.521
311.4299.7279.246
414.22815.27315.222
518.56317.89417.777
622.44120.49919.237
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不同截面形式抢修梁前6阶自振频率

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阶数轻型桁架抢修梁重型桁架抢修梁混合型桁架抢修梁
16.3876.4936.011
26.4726.8606.521
311.4299.7279.246
414.22815.27315.222
518.56317.89417.777
622.44120.49919.237
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参数名称参数取值
车辆定距(s)17.5 m
固定轴距(d)2.5 m
车体质量3.4×104 kg
转向架质量7.3×103 kg
轮对质量1.9×103 kg
车轮滚动圆直径0.86 m
轮对侧滚转动惯量(Jwx)6.85×102 kg · m2
轮对摇头转动惯量(Jwz)6.85×102 kg · m2
构架侧滚转动惯量(Jbx)1.847×103 kg · m2
构架点头转动惯量(Jby)1.249×103 kg · m2
构架摇头转动惯量(Jbz)2.28×103 kg · m2
车体侧滚转动惯量(Jvx)1.102×105 kg · m2
车体点头转动惯量(Jvy)1.666×106 kg · m2
车体摇头转动惯量(Jvz)1.572 2×106 kg · m2
一系悬挂纵向刚度(K1x)1.471×104 kN · m-1
一系悬挂横向刚度(K1y)6.5×103 kN · m-1
一系悬挂垂向刚度(K1z)1.735×104 kN · m-1
一系悬挂纵向阻尼(C1x)0 kN · s · m-1
一系悬挂横向阻尼(C1y)0 kN · s · m-1
一系悬挂垂向阻尼(C1z)19.6 kN · s · m-1
二系悬挂纵向刚度(K2x)4.58×103 kN · m-1
二系悬挂横向刚度(K2y)8.74×103 kN · m-1
二系悬挂垂向刚度(K2z)2.4×102 kN · m-1
二系悬挂纵向阻尼(C2x)2.45×103 kN · s · m-1
二系悬挂横向阻尼(C2y)59 kN · s · m-1
二系悬挂垂向阻尼(C2z)10 kN · s · m-1
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CRH380A列车参数

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参数名称参数取值
车辆定距(s)17.5 m
固定轴距(d)2.5 m
车体质量3.4×104 kg
转向架质量7.3×103 kg
轮对质量1.9×103 kg
车轮滚动圆直径0.86 m
轮对侧滚转动惯量(Jwx)6.85×102 kg · m2
轮对摇头转动惯量(Jwz)6.85×102 kg · m2
构架侧滚转动惯量(Jbx)1.847×103 kg · m2
构架点头转动惯量(Jby)1.249×103 kg · m2
构架摇头转动惯量(Jbz)2.28×103 kg · m2
车体侧滚转动惯量(Jvx)1.102×105 kg · m2
车体点头转动惯量(Jvy)1.666×106 kg · m2
车体摇头转动惯量(Jvz)1.572 2×106 kg · m2
一系悬挂纵向刚度(K1x)1.471×104 kN · m-1
一系悬挂横向刚度(K1y)6.5×103 kN · m-1
一系悬挂垂向刚度(K1z)1.735×104 kN · m-1
一系悬挂纵向阻尼(C1x)0 kN · s · m-1
一系悬挂横向阻尼(C1y)0 kN · s · m-1
一系悬挂垂向阻尼(C1z)19.6 kN · s · m-1
二系悬挂纵向刚度(K2x)4.58×103 kN · m-1
二系悬挂横向刚度(K2y)8.74×103 kN · m-1
二系悬挂垂向刚度(K2z)2.4×102 kN · m-1
二系悬挂纵向阻尼(C2x)2.45×103 kN · s · m-1
二系悬挂横向阻尼(C2y)59 kN · s · m-1
二系悬挂垂向阻尼(C2z)10 kN · s · m-1
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伸缩斜腹杆可展式铁路抢修梁技术方案与行车安全
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徐光兴 1, 2, 3 , 刘志轩 1, 2 , 李朝红 4
中国铁道科学 | 2026,47(2): 61-75
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中国铁道科学 | 2026, 47(2): 61-75
伸缩斜腹杆可展式铁路抢修梁技术方案与行车安全
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徐光兴1, 2, 3 , 刘志轩1, 2, 李朝红4
作者信息
  • 1.石家庄铁道大学 省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室,河北石家庄050043
  • 2.石家庄铁道大学 安全工程与应急管理学院,河北石家庄050043
  • 3.石家庄铁道大学 河北省交通应急保障技术创新中心,河北石家庄050043
  • 4.石家庄铁道大学 土木工程学院,河北石家庄050043
  • 徐光兴(1974—),男,江西上饶人,教授,博士。E-mail:

Technical Scheme and Train Operation Safety of Deployable Railway Emergency Repair Girder with Telescopic Diagonal Web Members
Guangxing XU1, 2, 3 , Zhixuan LIU1, 2, Chaohong LI4
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, ShijiazhuangHebei050043, China
  • 2.School of Safety Engineering and Emergency Management, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, ShijiazhuangHebei050043, China
  • 3.Hebei Engineering Innovation Center for Traffic Emergency and Guarantee, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, ShijiazhuangHebei050043, China
  • 4.School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, ShijiazhuangHebei050043, China
出版时间: 2026-03-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.06
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为适应现代铁路桥梁抢修的需求,提出一种基于可伸缩斜腹杆的可展式铁路中等跨度抢修梁技术方案。该抢修梁以可展构架单元为基本单元,可通过斜腹杆的伸缩实现折叠与展开,解决既有抢修梁拼组效率和储运空间不能兼顾的技术问题,同时适应普铁、高铁桥梁的抢修要求。建立有限元分析模型和多体动力学模型,对可展铁路抢修梁进行静力学分析和车桥耦合动力响应分析。结果表明:可展铁路抢修梁的应力水平、位移能满足《铁路桥涵设计规范》限值要求,客货共线铁路列车(ZKH)荷载作用下抢修梁各杆件应力最大;斜腹杆布置方式对可展铁路抢修梁的极限承载力具有显著的影响,斜腹杆倒“八”字形布置时极限承载力较高;32 m跨3种桁架配置类型中,重型桁架抢修梁各项动力响应指标较优;轮重减载率是控制列车运行速度的关键因素,高铁列车通过32 m跨度可展铁路抢修梁的限速可控制在120 km · h-1

铁路抢修梁  /  可展结构  /  静力分析  /  极限承载力  /  车桥耦合  /  动力响应

To meet the requirements of modern railway bridge emergency repair, a technical scheme for a deployable medium-span emergency repair girder based on telescopic diagonal web members is proposed. The girder utilizes deployable frame units as its basic components, enabling folding and deployment through the extension and retraction of the diagonal web members. This design resolves the technical challenge of balancing assembly efficiency with storage and transportation space in existing repair girders, while also meeting the emergency repair demands of both conventional-speed and high-speed railway bridges. Finite element analysis models and multi-body dynamics models are established to conduct static analysis and vehicle-bridge coupled dynamic response analysis on the deployable railway emergency repair girder. The results indicate that the stress levels and displacements of the deployable repair girder meet the limit requirements of the “Code for Design on Railway Bridge and Culvert”. The member stresses are highest under the loading of mixed passenger and freight railway traffic. The arrangement of the diagonal web members significantly influences the ultimate bearing capacity of the deployable girder, with the inverted V-shaped configuration yielding a higher ultimate bearing capacity. Among the three truss configurations for the 32 m span, the heavy truss emergency repair girder exhibits superior dynamic response indices. The wheel load reduction rate is identified as the key factor controlling train speed, and the speed limit for high-speed trains crossing the 32 m span deployable railway emergency repair girder can be controlled at 120 km · h-¹.

Railway emergency repair girder  /  Deployable structure  /  Static analysis  /  Ultimate bearing capacity  /  Vehicle-bridge coupling  /  Dynamic response
徐光兴, 刘志轩, 李朝红. 伸缩斜腹杆可展式铁路抢修梁技术方案与行车安全. 中国铁道科学, 2026 , 47 (2) : 61 -75 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.06
Guangxing XU, Zhixuan LIU, Chaohong LI. Technical Scheme and Train Operation Safety of Deployable Railway Emergency Repair Girder with Telescopic Diagonal Web Members[J]. China Railway Science, 2026 , 47 (2) : 61 -75 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.06
截至2025年底,我国铁路运营里程达到16.2万km,其中高铁营业里程4.8万km,铁路桥梁总数超过9.5万座。中国是世界上遭受自然灾害最严重的国家之一,桥梁平时可能遭受地震、滑坡、洪水、泥石流等自然灾害的影响,战时则是敌方重点打击目标,对损毁的桥梁进行快速抢修历来是交通应急保障领域的重点研究课题。
我国既有铁路抢修梁从结构形式上可以分为2大类:线性杆件式抢修梁包括八七型铁路应急抢修钢梁(八七梁)、拆装式桁梁(拆装梁)等;构架式抢修梁以六四式铁路军用梁(六四梁)为代表1-3。线性杆件式抢修梁构件种类多,拼组作业繁琐;构架式抢修梁储运空间大,投送运输难度高。我国目前储备的桥梁抢修器材多为20世纪六七十年代根据当时的技战术条件设计研发的产品4-5,随着现代铁路车辆轴重及运行速度的提高,原有抢修器材已不能完全适应现代铁路桥梁的抢修需求,更无法满足高铁桥梁抢修的要求。
国外新型抢修梁的研究,已经摒弃了传统装配式桥梁的设计思想,采用一体化设计理念,1个桥节就是1个构件,拼架速度快,但其构件尺寸大,限制了单车载运和空运投送能力6。因此,创新抢修梁的结构形式,研发一种兼顾储运便利性与拼架效率、适应普铁及高铁抢修需求的抢修梁,对于提升我国桥梁应急保障技术水平,促进桥梁抢修器材更新换代,具有十分重要的意义。
可展结构的概念由Buckminster Fuller在1960年率先提出7。近年来,可展结构因其具有形态可变、便于携带、容易组装等特点而被广泛应用于航空航天领域8-11,同时也有学者将可展结构应用于桥梁设计。熊海贝等12提出了一种新型可展拱桥方案,并通过线性与非线性屈曲分析验证了其承载能力。廖伟等13提出了一种弦支剪式可展桥梁结构,对杆件的数量、截面尺寸、剪叉角等因素进行了优化设计。徐伟炜等14建立了铰支剪式可展桥梁力学模型,在保证轻质量的基础上,获得了标准单元数、剪叉杆件形状系数之间的最优关系。Yu等15提出了一种基于钢索加强的剪式结构可展开桥梁,与传统的无钢索剪式结构相比,所提出的可展结构承载能力和刚度得到了显著提高。Del Ama等16对一座由可折叠结构的40 m跨度人行桥进行设计分析,表明其挠度及刚度满足要求。Li等17设计了一种以剪切铰链单元为基本要素的可展桥梁,利用仿真软件ADAMS对可展开桥梁的展开过程进行了仿真,同时在设计荷载作用下对其承载力进行了分析。
目前关于可展桥梁的研究主要集中于永久桥梁及其承载能力分析方面,针对可展铁路抢修梁及其行车安全性的研究尚不多见。可展铁路抢修梁的结构形式、连接方式及承受荷载的方式与普通桥梁存在较大差异,为探讨其行车安全性,本文首先提出一种基于伸缩斜腹杆的可展铁路抢修梁技术方案,然后建立有限元模型和车桥耦合模型,研究其静力学性能和车桥耦合动力响应,确定抢修梁的最大通车速度。
伸缩斜腹杆式可展铁路抢修梁主要包括2榀桁架结构,连接2榀桁架结构的上下平纵联及横联等,其端立面及立体图如图1所示。
与常见钢桁梁不同,本文抢修梁的桁架采用可展结构,可展构架单元为本文抢修梁的基本构件单元,每榀桁架结构由多个可展构架单元拼组而成。可展构架单元包括上弦杆、下弦杆、竖杆及斜腹杆内伸缩套、斜腹杆外伸缩套等,各杆件通过销轴连接,如图2所示。上、下弦杆为相同的杆件,采用H型断面,弦杆连接腹杆的一侧加设2道纵肋板。在节点处,两侧立板和2道纵肋板上开设销孔与竖杆连接,2道纵肋板上开设销孔与斜腹杆连接。竖杆采用箱型截面,上下分别与上、下弦杆通过钢销铰接,每个节点处均布置有内外2根竖杆。斜腹杆也采用箱型截面,斜腹杆内、外伸缩套相互套设,斜腹杆内伸缩套可沿外伸缩套内壁滑动,斜腹杆内、外伸缩套分别与下弦杆、上弦杆通过钢销铰接。在同一节点处,竖杆、斜腹杆轴线的延长线交于上、下弦杆截面中心处。
若干个可展构架单元通过弦杆端部法兰板进行纵向相连,形成单片桁架,纵向连接如图3(a)所示;若干片桁架通过弦杆两侧立板进行横向相连,形成单榀桁架结构,横向连接如图3(b)所示。通过改变纵向的可展构件单元数量、横向的桁架片数,可适应不同跨度桥梁的抢修需求。
图4所示为可展构架单元的展开过程。展开时,上弦杆向上运动,斜腹杆内收缩套滑入斜腹杆外伸缩套,通过预留销孔进行固定完成展开;折叠时,解除斜腹杆销孔间的钢销连接,上弦杆向下运动完成折叠。销孔采用鸭蛋形构造,确保孔壁承压面与钢销密贴,安装时又有较大的间隙。
图5所示为单片桁架结构的折叠与展开状态。若干可展构架单元沿纵向拼组成折叠方向相反的2部分,通过对拉机构的牵引,可完成单片桁架的展开。
1)构件种类少、拼组效率高
可展铁路抢修梁基本构件只有2种可展构架单元,即重型构架单元和轻型构架单元,二者外轮廓尺寸完全相同,区别在于重型构架单元弦杆断面尺寸较大。可展铁路抢修梁对比六四梁、八七梁、拆装梁的基本构件种类分别为11,20和47种,极大地减少了抢修器材编配时构件的种类数量。可展构架单元的腹杆与弦杆预先铰连在一起,通过固定斜腹杆内、外伸缩套即完成抢修梁展开,结构形式简单,需连接构件非常少,节省了拼组时间。
2)储存运输空间小、成本低
可展铁路抢修梁有2种结构状态,即折叠状态和展开状态。在折叠状态下,抢修梁的斜腹杆伸长,整体竖向尺寸缩小,节省了储存空间,便于运输和存放。单个可展构架单元折叠状态占用空间3.5 m3,而同等跨度六四梁标准三角构架占用空间12.48 m3,采用可展铁路抢修梁可极大提高储运空间利用率。
3)跨度适应性好、普铁高铁兼顾
我国铁路桥梁主要为中等跨度桥梁,其中标准梁跨占高铁桥梁线路长度的95%,并且以32 m跨度简支梁为主18-19。可展铁路抢修梁通过增减可展构架单元数量,能够适应跨度为24,32和40 m铁路桥梁的抢修。可展构架单元中各杆件通过钢销-销孔以间隙配合的方式预先连接,构架单元中间通过拉力螺栓连接,很大程度上避免了传统抢修梁普遍存在的销栓孔间隙问题,有效提高了抢修梁的刚度,进而提高了抢修梁的通车速度。抢修梁设计荷载除了抢修规范要求的东风4内燃机车单机随挂70 kN · m-1活载,还包括常见的高速铁路列车(ZK)活载与客货共线铁路列车(ZKH)活载。本文可展抢修梁通车速度快,承载能力强,可兼顾普铁、高铁桥梁抢修要求。
桥梁抢修器材的拼组架设效率,直接决定了应急交通保障的响应速度与整体效能,存储运输空间关系到抢修器材储备、运输成本,本文可展抢修梁兼具线性杆件式抢修梁储运空间小、构架式抢修梁拼组速度快的优点,实现了拼组效率和储运的完美统一。抢修梁主桁仅由1种或2种可展构架单元组成,无需端构架及其他辅助构架,极大地减少了抢修器材编配时构件的种类。
可展构架单元分为重型构架单元和轻型构架单元2种,外轮廓尺寸完全相同,区别在于弦杆截面尺寸不同,重型弦杆两侧立板及内部纵肋板较厚。弦杆采用H型断面,其余杆件均采用箱型截面。各杆件截面如图6所示。杆件截面尺寸见表1。其中,轻型弦杆与竖腹杆、斜腹杆配套组成轻型可展构架单元,重型弦杆与竖腹杆、斜腹杆组成重型可展构架单元。以2种可展构架单元为基础拼组成为轻型桁架、重型桁架或混合型桁架,经横联、平纵联连接成为整孔抢修梁。
为分析可展铁路抢修梁的承载能力,探讨不同跨度下抢修梁中可展构架单元的配置方式,采用ANSYS软件建立了不同跨度抢修梁有限元模型。其中,24 m跨度采用4片轻型桁架;40 m跨度采用6片重型桁架;32 m跨度分别采用6片轻型桁架、4片重型桁架、4片轻重混合型桁架3种类型,32 m混合型桁架抢修梁中间2个可展构架单元采用重型,端部2个采用轻型。不同跨度抢修梁有限元模型如图7所示,模型参数见表2
可展铁路抢修梁主桁架高3 m,宽4 m,材质为Q355D钢材,销轴使用42CrMo钢材,其屈服强度为930 MPa。材料参数见表3
利用壳单元建立上下弦杆,利用梁单元建立竖腹杆、斜腹杆、平纵联及横联,对模型进行合理的简化设计,斜腹杆内外伸缩套之间、可展构架单元之间、桁架片间的连接按刚接处理。在抢修梁两端下方各设置1根支座横梁,与每片桁架刚接。静力学分析计算时,一端的支座横梁约束竖向、纵桥向、横桥向平动自由度,另一端的支座横梁约束竖向、横桥向平动自由度。
进行静力学分析时,按照《铁路桥涵设计规范》20(简称《规范》)规定,依据《铁路列车荷载图示》21分别施加东风4型内燃机车单机随挂70 kN · m-1活载(简称东风4活载)、ZK活载和ZKH活载,荷载图式如图8所示。列车横向摇摆力按1个集中荷载作用于最不利位置,以水平方向垂直线路中心线作用于抢修梁顶面,其中高速铁路取80 kN,客货共线铁路取100 kN。
图9给出了不同荷载作用下,32 m跨度抢修梁的各杆件最大应力,拉应力为正。从图9可以看出,自重状态下,抢修梁各杆件应力较小,依次施加东风4,ZK及ZKH活载,各杆件应力随之增大。抢修梁的下弦杆及斜腹杆整体表现为受拉状态,上弦杆及竖腹杆整体表现为受压状态。通过对比相同杆件应力可知,重型桁架抢修梁的上弦杆和下弦杆及轻型桁架抢修梁的竖腹杆和斜腹杆应力较低,而混合型桁架抢修梁的各杆件应力均较高,在ZKH荷载作用下,其下弦杆应力值最大,为117 MPa,但低于Q355D钢材的容许应力200 MPa。
图10给出了不同荷载作用下,24和40 m跨度抢修梁的各杆件最大应力。从图10可以看出,荷载类型变化时,24和40 m跨度抢修梁的各杆件应力变化规律与32 m跨度抢修梁相同。在ZKH荷载作用下,24 m跨度轻型桁架抢修梁的下弦杆应力达到73.9 MPa,40 m跨度重型桁架抢修梁的下弦杆应力达到91.6 MPa,均低于Q355D钢材的容许应力。
图11给出了不同荷载作用下,不同跨度抢修梁的跨中竖向位移及横向位移。
图11(a)可以看出:ZKH荷载作用下抢修梁竖向位移最大,ZK荷载次之,东风4荷载最小;32 m跨度抢修梁中,轻型桁架抢修梁竖向位移最大,混合型桁架次之,重型桁架最小;轻型桁架抢修梁在ZK荷载作用下竖向位移达到22.32 mm,在ZKH荷载作用下竖向位移达到26.70 mm,满足《规范》规定的高速铁路限值(22.85 mm)及客货共线铁路限值(32 mm)要求;24 m轻型桁架抢修梁在ZK荷载作用下竖向位移达到10.99 mm,在ZKH荷载作用下竖向位移达到13.28 mm,满足《规范》规定的高速铁路限值(17.14 mm)及客货共线铁路限值(24 mm)要求;40 m跨度重型桁架抢修梁在ZK荷载作用下竖向位移达到28.1 mm,在ZKH荷载作用下竖向位移达到32.5 mm,满足《规范》规定的高速铁路限值(28.57 mm)及客货共线铁路限值(40 mm)要求。
图11(b)可以看出:ZKH荷载作用下抢修梁横向位移最大,东风4荷载次之,ZK荷载最小;32 m跨度抢修梁中,轻型桁架抢修梁横向位移最大,混合型桁架次之,重型桁架最小;轻型桁架抢修梁在ZKH荷载作用下横向位移达到1.47 mm,满足《规范》规定的限值(8 mm)要求;24 m轻型桁架抢修梁与40 m重型桁架抢修梁横向位移在ZKH荷载作用下分别达到1.34和1.36 mm,均满足《规范》限值(8 mm)要求。
经上述分析可知,在东风4,ZK和ZKH活载作用下,24,32及40 m跨度5种桁架配置类型的可展铁路抢修梁,其应力水平、位移均满足《规范》限值要求。下文选取32 m跨度抢修梁为代表进行分析研究。
结构的极限荷载是指结构失效前所能承受的最大外荷载,结构失效形式通常表现为2种:①个别构件应力达到材料屈服强度的失效,属于强度破坏;②结构整体失稳或个别构件失稳,属于稳定破坏。在研究桥梁极限荷载时,将恒载视为常量,施加的外荷载与设计活载的相对比值定义为活载系数λL,结构破坏时的活载系数即为极限荷载系数λ22
抢修梁在临时通车时的具体荷载状况有时难以明确,为进一步确定可展铁路抢修梁的承载能力,同时考察不同斜腹杆布置方式对承载力的影响,应对其极限承载能力进行分析计算。文献[23]验证了东风4随挂70 kN · m-1列车荷载位于不同位置的极限荷载系数,最不利荷载工况为车头驶离钢桁梁,随挂均载满布钢桁梁。因此本文在考虑抢修梁自重的基础上,以此荷载工况作为基本荷载,考虑材料非线性的影响进行极限承载力分析。
以32 m跨度轻型桁架抢修梁为对象,分别建立3种斜腹杆布置方式的抢修梁有限元模型,即斜腹杆呈倒“八”字形、“M”形和“八”字形。采用理想弹塑性本构模型和Mises屈服准则进行力学分析,3种斜腹杆布置的极限荷载分别为:倒“八”字形极限荷载系数λ=13.1,“M”形极限荷载系数λ=12.7,“八”字形极限荷载系数λ=12.5。倒“八”字形斜腹杆抢修梁极限荷载系数较大,其原因在于这种布置方式的斜腹杆主要承受拉力作用。
图12图13分别给出了极限荷载下可展抢修梁和斜腹杆的等效应力云图。从图12图13可以看出,斜腹杆呈倒“八”字形时其等效应力达到283 MPa,斜腹杆呈“M”形时其等效应力达到299 MPa,斜腹杆呈“八”字形时其等效应力达到屈服应力355 MPa。可见,斜腹杆布置方式对抢修梁结构的应力分布和承载能力有直接的影响,斜腹杆呈倒“八”字形时极限承载力较高,腹杆应力较小,实际应用时斜腹杆宜呈倒“八”字形布置。
在桥梁工程领域,模态分析是一种评估结构动力特性的重要手段。对于抢修梁这类特殊结构,通常在紧急情况下迅速部署,承受不同于常规桥梁的列车荷载,对其进行模态分析尤为关键。
表4给出了32 m跨度3种抢修梁的前6阶自振频率。从表4可以看出,32 m跨度的轻型桁架抢修梁、重型桁架抢修梁和混合型桁架抢修梁的1阶自振频率分别为6.387,6.493和6.011 Hz,均满足《铁路桥梁检定规范》24(简称《检规》)不低于3.20 Hz的限值要求。此外,表4表明重型桁架抢修梁拥有较强刚度,而混合型桁架抢修梁刚度较弱。
可展铁路抢修梁的静力学性能、极限承载力和模态分析结果表明,不同截面尺寸的抢修梁在不同荷载下表现出不同的应力和位移响应,其中ZKH荷载作用下抢修梁的应力及竖向位移较大。在极限承载力分析中,考虑了材料非线性和斜腹杆布置方式的影响,斜腹杆呈倒“八”字形时,抢修梁的承载能力更强,且在极限荷载下腹杆等效应力最小。模态分析显示,32 m跨度抢修梁的前6阶自振频率均满足相关要求,表明本文抢修梁刚度较好,稳定性达到要求。
采用多体动力学软件UM建立CRH380A高铁车辆模型,车体、构架、轮对均考虑为刚体,车体和转向架、转向架和轮对连接的一系、二系弹簧悬挂装置由不同力学元件相互作用来模拟。CRH380A高铁车轮踏面采用LMA踏面,车辆主要参数见表5,其他参数见文献[25]。简化的力学模型如图14所示。
以32 m跨度的3种类型抢修梁为基础,斜腹杆按倒“八”字形布置,分别建立128 m共4跨简支梁模型。将桥梁作为柔性体导入UM中,通过Bushing力元与支座横梁相连模拟桥梁的简支约束,支座横梁与地面进行固定连接。采用60 kg · m-1钢轨参数,将轨道视为无质量的黏弹性力元件。采用FASTSIM蠕变力模型,PARK积分算法对可展式铁路抢修梁进行动力学分析。车桥耦合模型如图15所示。
为接近抢修梁实际轨面条件,采用美国五级轨道不平顺谱生成轨道不平顺数据。据式(1)—式(4)所给不平顺谱,拟合生成长度为128 m 的轨道垂向及横向不平顺样本。
ZL=Z++0.5Z-
ZR=Z+-0.5Z-
YL=Y++0.5Y-
YR=Y+-0.5Y-
式中:ZL为左轨垂向不平顺;ZR为右轨垂向不平顺;YL为左轨横向不平顺;YR为右轨横向不平顺;Z+为高低不平顺;Z-为水平不平顺;Y+为方向不平顺;Y-为轨距不平顺。
拟合得到的左右轨不平顺谱如图16所示。从图16可以看出,右轨横向不平顺最大值为11.42 mm,左轨横向不平顺最大值为16.23 mm,右轨垂向不平顺最大值为18.02 mm,左轨垂向不平顺最大值为16.67 mm。
图17给出了车辆以不同速度通过抢修梁时,抢修梁跨中动力响应最大值。从图17(a)图17(b)可以看出,随着车辆速度的增加,重型桁架抢修梁的竖向位移和竖向振动加速度呈现出逐渐增大的趋势,而轻型桁架抢修梁和混合型桁架抢修梁的竖向响应则呈先增大后减小的趋势,在车速达到160 km · h-1时达到峰值。在3种抢修梁中,轻型桁架抢修梁的竖向响应最大,而重型桁架抢修梁的竖向响应最小。
图17(c)图17(d)可以看出,随着车辆速度的提升,3种抢修梁的横向位移和横向振动加速度先增大后减小,其中重型桁架抢修梁在160 km · h-1的车速下横向响应达到峰值,横向振动加速度为1.72 m · s-2,轻型桁架抢修梁和混合型桁架抢修梁在140 km · h-1的车速下横向响应达到峰值,横向振动加速度分别为2.42和2.43 m · s-2,均超出了《检规》中规定的桥面横向振动加速度不超过1.4 m · s-2的要求。在3种抢修梁中,混合型桁架抢修梁的横向响应最大,而重型桁架抢修梁的横向响应最小。
图18给出了车辆以不同速度通过抢修梁时的安全指标最大值。从图18可以看出,抢修梁的桁架配置类型对车辆3项安全指标影响较小。随着车辆速度的提高,车辆轮重减载率、脱轨系数及轮对横向力不断增大。在车速达到140 km · h-1时轮重减载率超过《规范》限值,车速达到160 km · h-1时车辆轮对横向力超过《规范》限值。车辆轮重减载率是控制列车运行速度的关键因素,对车辆通过32 m跨度抢修梁限速120 km · h-1
图19给出了车辆通过轻型桁架抢修梁时,其轮重减载率随沿线距离的变化。从图19可以看出,在不同车速下,车辆轮重减载率均在103 m处达到峰值,车辆速度的提高对轮重减载率的峰值起到放大作用。
图20给出了车辆以不同速度通过抢修梁时的竖向振动加速度及横向振动加速度。从图20可以看出,随着车辆速度的提高,车体竖向振动加速度先增大后降低,在140 km · h-1时达到峰值,其中重型桁架抢修梁对车体竖向振动加速度的控制较优。随着车辆速度的提高,车体横向振动加速度不断增大,但抢修梁的桁架配置类型对车体横向振动加速度影响较小。
对比图17图20可以发现,车体振动加速度响应小于抢修梁的振动加速度响应,并且车体竖向振动加速度减小幅度较横向振动加速度减小幅度更大。车体和抢修梁振动加速度的频域响应同样反映出这一规律,图21给出了车辆以140 km · h-1通过抢修梁时,车辆振动加速度响应及抢修梁振动加速度响应的频域曲线。从图21可以看出,抢修梁振动加速度响应的频域幅值明显大于车体频域幅值,出现这一现象的原因,是车辆悬挂系统减振装置发挥了减振缓冲作用。
经上述分析可知,车辆以不同速度通过时,32 m跨度重型桁架抢修梁各项动力响应均较小。随着车速的不断提高,车辆3项安全指标数值不断增大,轮重减载率的限值决定了列车的最大通行速度。抢修梁的桁架配置类型对车辆3项安全指标影响较小,但重型桁架抢修梁对车体竖向振动加速度的控制较优。
(1)将可展结构应用于铁路桥梁抢修领域,提出的基于可伸缩斜腹杆的可展式铁路中等跨度抢修梁,解决了既有抢修梁拼组效率和储运空间不能兼顾的技术问题。本文抢修梁构件种类少,拼组效率高,承载能力强,通车速度快,可兼顾普铁、高铁桥梁抢修要求。
(2)静力分析结果表明,可展铁路抢修梁的应力水平、位移值均满足《规范》限值要求。ZKH荷载作用下抢修梁各杆件应力最大,ZK荷载次之,东风4荷载最小;在32 m跨度不同抢修梁桁架配置类型中,混合型桁架抢修梁的各杆件应力较高,轻型桁架抢修梁的位移响应较大。
(3)斜腹杆布置方式对可展铁路抢修梁的极限承载力具有显著的影响。斜腹杆倒“八”字形布置时,斜腹杆主要承受拉力作用,其极限承载力较高,腹杆应力较小,实际应用时斜腹杆宜呈倒“八”字形布置。
(4)32 m跨度不同桁架配置类型的抢修梁车桥耦合分析结果表明,随着车速的提高,轻型桁架抢修梁与混合型桁架抢修梁的各项响应呈先增长后降低的趋势。重型桁架抢修梁的竖向位移和竖向振动加速度呈现出逐渐增大的趋势,而横向位移和横向振动加速度呈先增大后减小的趋势。重型桁架抢修梁各项响应较优,轻型桁架抢修梁竖向响应较差,混合型桁架抢修梁横向响应较差。
(5)抢修梁的桁架配置类型对车辆3项安全指标影响较小。车辆轮对横向力、脱轨系数及轮重减载率随着列车速度的提高不断增大,轮重减载率是控制列车运行速度的关键因素,CRH380A高铁列车通过32 m跨度可展铁路抢修梁的限速可以控制在120 km · h-1及以下。
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2026年第47卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.06
  • 接收时间:2025-02-18
  • 首发时间:2026-06-03
  • 出版时间:2026-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-18
  • 修回日期:2026-01-05
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    1.石家庄铁道大学 省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室,河北石家庄050043
    2.石家庄铁道大学 安全工程与应急管理学院,河北石家庄050043
    3.石家庄铁道大学 河北省交通应急保障技术创新中心,河北石家庄050043
    4.石家庄铁道大学 土木工程学院,河北石家庄050043
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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