Article(id=1268884385555190492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, issueId=1268884383122494171, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.02, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753545600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-27, revisedDate=1769011200000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1780455212247, onlineDateStr=2026-06-03, pubDate=1772294400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1780455212247, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1780455212247, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1780455212247, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1268884383122494171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='255', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1780455211667, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1780455310713, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1268884798719300557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, issueId=1268884383122494171, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1268884798723494862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, issueId=1268884383122494171, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=12, endPage=21, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1268884385941066462, articleId=1268884385555190492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1268266580820377661, language=EN, title=Inhibitory Effect of Tire-Derived Aggregates on the Degradation of Steel Slag Ballast, columnId=null, journalTitle=China Railway Science, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Given the limited research on the effect of Tire-Derived Aggregate (TDA) on Steel Slag Ballast (SSB) degradation, this study employed the Los Angeles Abrasion (LAA) test to examine the mechanism of varying TDA content on SSB degradation. First, the LAA ratio, fouling index, and breakage ratio were used to analyze the effect of TDA content on degradation of SSB. Furthermore, the two-dimensional graphic information of SSB with different TDA contents before and after LAA tests was processed, and then the variation of geometric characteristics, such as surface texture and angularity of SSB, were determined to study the degradation mechanism of SSB with different TDA contents at the micro-scale. The results show that when the TDA content increases from 0% to 10%, both the LAA ratio and fouling index of SSB decrease rapidly (by 33.1% and 37.4%, respectively); when it increases from 10% to 20%, the LAA ratio and fouling index show only slight reductions (by 8.5% and 8.6%, respectively). In contrast, the breakage ratio consistently exhibits a linear decreasing trend, with an average reduction of 17.7%, indicating that increasing TDA content improved the anti-deterioration of SSB. At the micro-scale, the incorporation of TDA enhances the retention of microscopic angularity and roughness of steel slag particles by dissipating impact energy and reducing stress concentration, which is macroscopically manifested as a decreases inLAA loss, fouling index, and breakage ratio, indicating an improvement in anti-degradation performance.

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针对轮胎衍生骨料(Tire-Derived Aggregate,TDA)对钢渣道砟劣化影响研究不足的现状,通过洛杉矶磨耗试验探究不同TDA含量对钢渣道砟劣化的抑制机理。首先,采用洛杉矶磨耗率、脏污指数及破碎率分析TDA含量对钢渣道砟劣化的影响;然后,根据掺入不同TDA含量的钢渣道砟在试验前后的二维图形信息,采用图形分析法,从微观尺度研究钢渣道砟表面纹理和棱角性等特征指标的变化规律,并分析掺入不同TDA含量条件下钢渣的劣化机理。结果表明:当TDA含量由0%增至10%时,钢渣道砟的洛杉矶磨耗率、脏污指数均快速减小(降幅分别为33.1%和37.4%),而当TDA含量由10%增至20%时,洛杉矶磨耗率、脏污指数仅轻微降低(降幅分别为8.5%和8.6%),但破碎率却始终呈线性减小的变化规律(平均降幅为17.7%),即TDA含量的增加增强了钢渣道砟的抗劣化性能;在微观尺度上,TDA的掺入通过耗散冲击能量、降低应力集中,增强了钢渣微观棱角与粗糙度的保留能力,而在宏观上表现为洛杉矶磨耗率、脏污指数、破碎率的下降,即抗劣化性能得到了提升。

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冯怀平(1975—),男,河北石家庄人,教授,博士研究生导师。E-mail:
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张伏光(1983—),男,河北邯郸人,副教授,博士。E-mail:

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材料参数数值
钢渣吸水率/%0.8
洛杉矶磨耗率/%11.72
莫氏硬度8.5
密度/(g · m-3)3 419
TDA抗拉强度/MPa14.80
断后伸长率/%431
拉伸弹性模量/MPa7.03
密度/(g · m-3)1 150
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材料参数

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材料参数数值
钢渣吸水率/%0.8
洛杉矶磨耗率/%11.72
莫氏硬度8.5
密度/(g · m-3)3 419
TDA抗拉强度/MPa14.80
断后伸长率/%431
拉伸弹性模量/MPa7.03
密度/(g · m-3)1 150
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钢渣尺寸/mm不同TDA含量钢渣的质量/kg
0%10%20%
<1.71.0840.7070.642
1.70.2240.1450.100
4.750.2260.2260.160
100.6930.6250.389
161.2541.3031.095
202.8732.8293.439
>253.5184.1344.100
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LAA试验后不同TDA含量下钢渣粒径及对应质量

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钢渣尺寸/mm不同TDA含量钢渣的质量/kg
0%10%20%
<1.71.0840.7070.642
1.70.2240.1450.100
4.750.2260.2260.160
100.6930.6250.389
161.2541.3031.095
202.8732.8293.439
>253.5184.1344.100
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轮胎衍生骨料对钢渣道砟劣化的抑制作用
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张伏光 1, 2 , 王曌洋 2 , 胡瑞琪 2 , 何智永 2 , 冯怀平 1, 2
中国铁道科学 | 2026,47(2): 12-21
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中国铁道科学 | 2026, 47(2): 12-21
轮胎衍生骨料对钢渣道砟劣化的抑制作用
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张伏光1, 2 , 王曌洋2, 胡瑞琪2, 何智永2, 冯怀平1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.石家庄铁道大学 道路与铁道工程安全保障省部共建教育部重点实验室,河北石家庄050043
  • 2.石家庄铁道大学 土木工程学院,河北石家庄050043
  • 张伏光(1983—),男,河北邯郸人,副教授,博士。E-mail:

通讯作者:

冯怀平(1975—),男,河北石家庄人,教授,博士研究生导师。E-mail:
Inhibitory Effect of Tire-Derived Aggregates on the Degradation of Steel Slag Ballast
Fuguang ZHANG1, 2 , Zhaoyang WANG2, Ruiqi HU2, Zhiyong HE2, Huaiping FENG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Roads and Railway Engineering Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, ShijiazhuangHebei050043, China
  • 2.School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, ShijiazhuangHebei050043, China
出版时间: 2026-03-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.02
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针对轮胎衍生骨料(Tire-Derived Aggregate,TDA)对钢渣道砟劣化影响研究不足的现状,通过洛杉矶磨耗试验探究不同TDA含量对钢渣道砟劣化的抑制机理。首先,采用洛杉矶磨耗率、脏污指数及破碎率分析TDA含量对钢渣道砟劣化的影响;然后,根据掺入不同TDA含量的钢渣道砟在试验前后的二维图形信息,采用图形分析法,从微观尺度研究钢渣道砟表面纹理和棱角性等特征指标的变化规律,并分析掺入不同TDA含量条件下钢渣的劣化机理。结果表明:当TDA含量由0%增至10%时,钢渣道砟的洛杉矶磨耗率、脏污指数均快速减小(降幅分别为33.1%和37.4%),而当TDA含量由10%增至20%时,洛杉矶磨耗率、脏污指数仅轻微降低(降幅分别为8.5%和8.6%),但破碎率却始终呈线性减小的变化规律(平均降幅为17.7%),即TDA含量的增加增强了钢渣道砟的抗劣化性能;在微观尺度上,TDA的掺入通过耗散冲击能量、降低应力集中,增强了钢渣微观棱角与粗糙度的保留能力,而在宏观上表现为洛杉矶磨耗率、脏污指数、破碎率的下降,即抗劣化性能得到了提升。

钢渣道砟  /  轮胎衍生骨料  /  道砟劣化  /  宏微观关联  /  洛杉矶磨耗试验  /  图形分析法

Given the limited research on the effect of Tire-Derived Aggregate (TDA) on Steel Slag Ballast (SSB) degradation, this study employed the Los Angeles Abrasion (LAA) test to examine the mechanism of varying TDA content on SSB degradation. First, the LAA ratio, fouling index, and breakage ratio were used to analyze the effect of TDA content on degradation of SSB. Furthermore, the two-dimensional graphic information of SSB with different TDA contents before and after LAA tests was processed, and then the variation of geometric characteristics, such as surface texture and angularity of SSB, were determined to study the degradation mechanism of SSB with different TDA contents at the micro-scale. The results show that when the TDA content increases from 0% to 10%, both the LAA ratio and fouling index of SSB decrease rapidly (by 33.1% and 37.4%, respectively); when it increases from 10% to 20%, the LAA ratio and fouling index show only slight reductions (by 8.5% and 8.6%, respectively). In contrast, the breakage ratio consistently exhibits a linear decreasing trend, with an average reduction of 17.7%, indicating that increasing TDA content improved the anti-deterioration of SSB. At the micro-scale, the incorporation of TDA enhances the retention of microscopic angularity and roughness of steel slag particles by dissipating impact energy and reducing stress concentration, which is macroscopically manifested as a decreases inLAA loss, fouling index, and breakage ratio, indicating an improvement in anti-degradation performance.

Steel Slag Ballast (SSB)  /  Tire-Derived Aggregate (TDA)  /  Slag ballast degradation  /  Macro-micro correlation  /  Los Angeles Abrasion (LAA) test  /  Image analysis
张伏光, 王曌洋, 胡瑞琪, 何智永, 冯怀平. 轮胎衍生骨料对钢渣道砟劣化的抑制作用. 中国铁道科学, 2026 , 47 (2) : 12 -21 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.02
Fuguang ZHANG, Zhaoyang WANG, Ruiqi HU, Zhiyong HE, Huaiping FENG. Inhibitory Effect of Tire-Derived Aggregates on the Degradation of Steel Slag Ballast[J]. China Railway Science, 2026 , 47 (2) : 12 -21 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.02
有砟轨道虽存在线路平顺性差、养护维修工作量大等问题,但因其具有弹性良好、价格低廉、更换和维修方便等优点,目前仍是铁路建设中重要的轨道结构形式之一。在有砟轨道服役过程中,碎石道砟逐渐发生劣化,包括颗粒破碎、粉化等,易引发轨道不均匀沉降、翻浆冒泥等病害,影响行车安全。
为有效延缓道砟劣化,延长道床维修养护周期和服役寿命,可对有砟道床进行改良。例如,在道床不同部位安置弹性材料,如土工格栅、轨枕垫等。其中,土工格栅可以有效控制道床累积沉降1,轨枕垫可缓冲轨枕作用于道砟的冲击荷载2。随着汽车的普及,废旧轮胎的数量与日俱增,对生态环境产生了极大的负担。如何将废旧轮胎引入铁路建设已逐渐成为研究热点之一。研究表明,在道砟中添加废旧轮胎橡胶颗粒(TDA)能够有效延缓道砟劣化,提高轨道使用寿命3-8。其中,Sol-Sánchez等3采用道砟箱试验,研究了TDA含量对道床性能的影响,发现当TDA含量为10%(体积分数)时,有助于降低道床刚度、道砟劣化和轨道沉降,然而过量掺入TDA则可能引发过大的沉降。Koohmishi等6通过冲击荷载试验,重点分析了TDA含量对道砟劣化的影响,发现随TDA含量增加,道砟劣化程度降低,但改良效果逐渐减缓,且在刚性路基条件下改良效果更为显著。
在铁路网逐渐扩大的背景下,天然矿石资源紧缺,导致了铁路成本大幅度增加,因此寻求替代材料具有现实意义。已有研究证明钢渣可作为替代碎石道砟的新材质9-14。Esmaeili等9通过一系列现场试验,研究了钢渣道床垂直荷载分布特征,发现钢渣道砟段的轨道支撑模量是石灰道砟段的1.64倍,石灰道砟段轨枕与道砟的接触压力是钢渣道砟段的1.39倍。Delgado等10通过静动三轴试验研究了钢渣道砟的力学性能,发现钢渣具有较高的剪切强度和较低的长期变形性能。Hussain等12对国内外钢渣道砟的研究现状做了较为全面的综述,指出钢渣因其更高的密度、耐磨性和颗粒间摩擦角,在循环荷载作用下能表现出更低的颗粒破碎率、更高的回弹模量以及更小的永久变形。为提高钢渣道砟的抗劣化性能,将TDA掺入钢渣道砟是一种有效的改良方法。Khoshoei等14针对TDA-钢渣混合物通过开展道砟箱试验研究其动力特性发现,随着TDA含量的增加,混合物的沉降量与阻尼比相应增大,而道砟的破碎程度和刚度则随之降低。Hussain等15通过直剪试验分析了TDA-钢渣道砟-花岗岩道砟混合物剪切力学性质,研究发现钢渣道砟含量80%、TDA含量4%~8.6%为最优组合,此时混合物的摩擦角与花岗岩道砟相当,且颗粒破碎和剪胀角更低。但是,研究人员并未从微观角度分析TDA改良钢渣道砟作用机理。另外,有研究表明,洛杉矶磨耗(LAA)试验的劣化模拟与道砟实际劣化过程基本一致,但相关研究仍需进一步开展。
本文通过洛杉矶磨耗试验以及图像分析法研究TDA含量对钢渣劣化的抑制作用机理,为推广应用TDA-钢渣道砟提供参考。
钢渣采购自河北省灵寿县某矿产品加工厂。参考TB/T 2140.2—2018《铁路碎石道砟 第2部分:试验方法》16,选用2个粒组(20~25和25~40 mm)的钢渣颗粒开展洛杉矶磨耗试验。废旧轮胎材料采购自唐山某废旧轮胎回收厂家。在TDA尺寸方面,Sol-Sánchez等17指出,粒径大于8 mm可有效避免脏污;然而,尺寸过大亦存在弊端。Khoshoei等14发现,掺加大粒径(20~60 mm)TDA的试样刚度低于掺加小粒径(10~20 mm)TDA的试样;Arachchige等7进一步指出,大粒径TDA多呈薄片状,与棱角状道砟外形差异显著,难以形成有效的颗粒嵌锁,故其研究选用了9.5~19.5 mm的尺寸范围。另外,Guo等18指出,TDA尺寸应小于道砟颗粒。当然,有少数研究人员采用的TDA级配与碎石道砟相似,如Fathali等4和Lenart等19。根据上述研究成果,结合本文所用钢渣道砟的粒径范围(20~25和25~40 mm),最终选定TDA尺寸为8~16 mm。该范围亦为常建梅等20和Li等21的研究所采用。在形状方面,多数研究人员3719采用了不规则状的TDA作为试验材料。然而,Guo等18通过洛杉矶磨耗试验对比了不规则与块状TDA,发现两者磨耗损失无显著差异。鉴于块状TDA更易获取与加工,该研究及常建梅等2022和Zhang等8均采用了此形状。本文据此亦选择块状TDA。去除轮胎钢丝,利用闸刀进行切割取样。试验用钢渣和TDA如图1所示。材料参数见表1
在TDA含量方面,大量针对碎石道砟-TDA混合物的试验(包括洛杉矶磨耗、直剪、静或动三轴、箱式、现场试验等)结果表明,10%(质量分数或体积分数)常被视为最优掺量。Khoshoei等14针对钢渣-TDA混合物的箱式试验亦支持10%为最优质量分数。为系统探究含量影响,在参考此最优值的基础上增设对照组,最终确定0%,10%,20%这3种质量分数进行试验。
洛杉矶磨耗(LAA)试验的基本原理为:通过钢制旋转滚筒,将内部的标准钢球与规定级配的集料提升至一定高度后自由坠落,利用钢球与集料的冲击,以及集料之间、集料与筒壁之间的摩擦和研磨,使集料表面磨损、棱角脱落、颗粒破碎,并以质量损失百分比(磨耗值)评定集料的抗磨耗和抗破碎能力,磨耗值越低,集料耐久性越强。
LAA试验直接模拟了道砟层在列车荷载下的核心破坏机制,包括:①钢球的冲击,能够模拟列车通过时动力冲击荷载及道砟颗粒间的剧烈碰撞,以评价道砟抵抗破碎的能力;②颗粒间的摩擦,能够模拟循环荷载下道砟颗粒间的反复剪切、挤压和相对滑动,以评价道砟抵抗磨损、棱角脱落的能力;③规定的总转数,能够模拟累计运量对道砟的长期累积损伤,以加速模拟长期服役性能。
根据TB/T 2140.2—2018《铁路碎石道砟 第2部分:试验方法》16开展LAA试验。首先,取20~25和25~40 mm粒径的钢渣各5 kg,清洗、烘干,再从上述2个粒组中各取10颗进行标记、拍照;其次,根据试验工况,称取特定质量的TDA(质量分数分别为0%,10%,20%),并与钢渣均匀混合;然后,将混合物与12颗钢球(直径46.0~47.6 mm、质量390~445 g)一起放入滚筒(内径710 mm±1 mm、内长510 mm±1 mm),设定试验转速31~33 r · min-1、转动圈数1 000 r;最后,为保证试样质量损失最小,试验后静置10 min,待灰尘沉淀后,开箱取出试样,挑选出TDA,然后使用孔边长为1.7 mm的方孔筛对钢渣进行筛分,取粒径大于1.7 mm的钢渣道砟洗净、烘干,使用孔边长为1.7,4.75,10,16,20和25 mm的筛对烘干后试样进行筛分,称量落在每个筛上的钢渣质量,用以计算多种道砟劣化指标。试验前不同TDA含量试样如图2所示。
为了定量描述道砟劣化,已有学者提出了破碎率,脏污指数和破碎指数等指标。这些指标均基于筛分试验确定,仅能反映颗粒尺寸变化,并不能表征颗粒形态特征变化。近年来,图形分析法发展迅速,即应用特定拍照技术,获取颗粒外形信息,基于图形学指标,对颗粒形态进行数学表征。
首先,采用4 000万像素摄像头获取钢渣6个方向视图的二维平面投影,拍摄设备和拍摄效果如图3所示;然后,通过软件Matlab处理各投影图像,获得相应的形态指标。
表面纹理在微观尺度上反映颗粒表面的粗糙度,由表面纹理指数St表征。St由颗粒二维图形的轮廓周长Po和凸轮廓周长Pco的差值定义23,即
St=Po-PcoPo×100%
钢渣颗粒轮廓和凸轮廓的示意图如图4所示。
棱角指数Ai可以反映颗粒的棱角特性,计算式24
Ai=PoPoe2
式中:Poe为颗粒等效椭圆的周长。
钢渣颗粒二维图形的等效椭圆示意图如图5所示。
圆度R用以表征颗粒二维形状接近标准圆的程度25,表达式为
R=Po24πA
式中:A为颗粒二维图形的面积。
选取式(3)评估道砟颗粒的整体圆度,合理性分析如下。对于等效椭圆,其形状完全由轴率(b/a,其中ab分别为长、短轴的长度)决定,它是对颗粒轮廓的最优平滑近似,但完全滤除了轮廓表面的微观粗糙度等局部特征。对于真实的颗粒轮廓,其周长Po同时受到宏观伸长和微观粗糙度2个因素的影响。其中,宏观伸长由等效椭圆的轴率(b/a)主导,轴率偏离1越大(越细长),周长相对于其面积会增大,导致R值增大。在相同的等效椭圆轴率下,颗粒的微观粗糙度越高,Po越大,从而计算出更高的R值。因此,指标R捕捉了宏观伸长和微观粗糙度共同导致的周长增加效应,而等效椭圆轴率(b/a)仅能反映前者。也即,R是形状“伸长性”和“不规则性”的综合度量。相比等效椭圆长短轴或轴率,综合性指标R更为直接和全面。
针对上述指标,对其6个视图的结果进行平均,获得对应于该指标的平均值。
在LAA试验中钢渣表面纹理指数变化率δST的表达式为
δST=Sti-StfSti
式中:StiStf分别为试验前和试验后钢渣的表面纹理指数。
同理,δAIδR分别用来表征钢渣的棱角指数和圆度的变化。
洛杉矶磨耗率δLAA由式(5)计算。
δLAA=m1-m2m1×100%
式中:m1为试验前钢渣总质量;m2为试验后粒径大于1.7 mm的钢渣总质量。
Selig和Waters26提出采用脏污指数Fi量化道砟脏污程度,表达式为
Fi=P0.075+P4.75
式中:P0.075为通过筛网尺寸0.075 mm的钢渣质量分数;P4.75为通过筛网尺寸4.75 mm的钢渣质量分数。
Marsal等27提出采用破碎指数Bg量化道砟劣化程度,其表达式为
Bg=(Wki-Wkf)>0
式中:Wki为试验前留在筛孔k上的钢渣质量分数;Wkf为试验后留在筛孔k上的钢渣质量分数。
LAA试验后不同TDA含量下钢渣粒径变化情况见表2。由表2可知:试验结束后,20~25和25~40 mm这2个粒组的质量均出现下降,并产生了新的小于20 mm的颗粒,该现象与Bian等28在碎石道砟洛杉矶磨耗试验中的观察结果一致,这主要是由于钢球与钢渣的持续冲击、摩擦与研磨作用,导致部分钢渣大颗粒发生剥落、碎裂成小颗粒,而未破碎颗粒的表面则变得更为圆滑;随着TDA含量的增加,粒径大于16 mm的钢渣质量增加,而粒径小于16 mm的钢渣质量则相应降低,这表明TDA含量的增加有助于保留更多大颗粒,并减少小颗粒的生成,从而增强了钢渣的抗劣化性能。
不同TDA含量钢渣的级配曲线如图6所示。从图6可以看出:试验结束后,纯钢渣(TDA含量0%)的颗粒级配变化最大,随TDA含量增加,试验后的级配曲线逐渐趋向于初始级配曲线,也即增加TDA含量将提高钢渣的抗劣化性能,与表2结论一致。
钢渣劣化指标δLAAFiBg随TDA含量的变化曲线如图7所示。
图7可以看出以下结论。
(1)随TDA含量增加,上述3个指标均减小,表明TDA的掺入能够提高钢渣的抗劣化性能;当TDA含量为10%时,与纯钢渣相比,δLAA有较大程度的降低(降幅为33.1%),即TDA对提高钢渣抗磨耗性能的作用较为显著;当TDA含量由10%增至20%时,δLAA仅轻微减小(降幅为8.5%),表明TDA含量的进一步增加对提高钢渣抗磨耗性能的作用不再明显;随TDA含量增加,Fi表现出与δLAA相似的变化规律。这表明TDA对钢渣抗磨耗性能的改善存在阈值效应,10%可视为最优TDA含量。这一规律在其他材料体系中亦被观察到。例如,Guo等18和Lenart等19在关于碎石道砟-TDA混合物的LAA试验中同样报道了TDA的阈值效应,但其提出的最优含量分别为10%和5%。其中,Lenart等19得出的最优含量较低,这很可能与其研究采用的特定材料有关,即劣化道砟和较大尺寸的TDA。
(2)与TDA含量由0%增至10%时Bg的减小量相比,TDA含量由10%增至20%时Bg的减小量(平均降幅为17.7%)稍大,这是由于δLAAFi的非线性变化规律存在差异;从Bg的变化情况看,不存在TDA含量阈值。
上述宏观指标的变化规律与TDA掺入后道砟颗粒的微观形态演化密切相关,其内在机理将结合微观形态特征及两者关联关系需进一步阐释。
试验前后不同TDA含量条件下钢渣的形态指标StAiR变化曲线如图8所示。
图8可以看出以下结论。
(1)不同TDA含量下,钢渣的初始St值相差不大,均值为2.54%;试验结束后,纯钢渣、10%和20% TDA含量的钢渣St值分别为0.85%,2.44%和2.71%。总体上看,掺入TDA有利于钢渣表面粗糙度的保持,而且当TDA含量超过10%后,继续增加TDA对进一步增强表面粗糙度抗磨耗能力开始减缓。
(2)钢渣的初始Ai值约为1.19,试验后钢渣的Ai值均小于初始值,这是由于钢渣在尖角或棱边处出现了一定程度的磨耗。随着TDA含量的增加,试验后钢渣的Ai值逐渐增加,说明增加TDA含量对钢渣维持初始棱角特征具有有利作用。Koohmishi等29的研究结果表明,冲击荷载将导致碎石道砟颗粒的表面纹理指数和棱角指数降低,这一规律与本文对纯钢渣的研究结果相一致。需要说明的是,本研究采用的LAA试验过程涉及钢球对钢渣的冲击碰撞作用。
(3)钢渣的初始R值约为1.24,随着TDA含量的增加,试验后钢渣的R值同样逐渐增加,但均小于初始值,表明TDA的掺入有助于钢渣整体形状的保持。
为了更直观地研究TDA含量对上述指标的影响,钢渣δSTδAIδR随TDA含量的变化规律如图9所示。
图9可以看出:当TDA含量由0%增至10%时,δST由64.70%降至10.63%,并且随着TDA含量的增加,δST进一步降低,但降低的幅度有所减缓;当TDA含量由0%增至10%时,δAIδR均呈现不同程度的降低,由10%增至20%时δAIδR进一步降低,但降低幅度均有轻微增加。
道砟表面纹理、棱角性的变化,是宏观劣化指标δLAAFiBg变化的微观根源,下一部分将量化两者的关联关系,并深入解释其内在作用机理。
为了研究道砟劣化程度与其形态特征变化之间的关联,图10图12分别给出了δSTδAIδRFiδLAABg之间的关系。
图10可以看出:δSTFiδLAA基本呈线性关系,但与Bg线性关系较差,这表明FiδLAA可以表征由于表面粗糙度弱化导致的钢渣劣化,且基本不受TDA含量影响,但Bg则难以表征。
图11图12可以看出:δAIδRBg线性关系较好,但与FiδLAA线性关系较差,这意味着Bg可以表征由于棱角磨损导致的钢渣劣化,并且不受TDA含量影响,但FiδLAA则难以表征。综上,宏观劣化指标δLAAFiBg的上升,本质上源于微观尺度上颗粒棱角的崩断、磨圆与表面纹理的光滑化。TDA通过维持后者,从而控制了前者。这统一了从宏观性能到微观形貌的观测结果。
通过调整TDA的含量可调控钢渣颗粒的形态演化,进而影响其宏观劣化程度。
δLAAFi值综合反映了钢渣颗粒在持续摩擦和滚动作用下的磨损质量损失和细粒生成能力,该过程与累积能量输入和平均接触应力密切相关。在低TDA含量下(10%),TDA通过自身的弹塑性变形,有效吸收并耗散了原本作用于钢渣表面的摩擦能与剪切能;同时,它降低了钢渣间接触点的平均应力,从而显著减轻了表面纹理的磨蚀。此时,混合物内部开始形成弹性缓冲网络,主要的能量耗散和应力降低效应得以发挥。随着TDA含量进一步增加,其对钢渣道砟整体能量耗散能力和宏观应力水平的提升幅度变缓,抑制表面磨损的作用增幅也随之减弱。因此,钢渣颗粒保留表面粗糙度的能力随TDA含量增加而呈现先强后弱的趋势,最终表现为δLAAFi的非线性下降。
Bg值主要表征材料在冲击载荷下的脆性断裂倾向,该过程对瞬时冲击应力峰值极为敏感。在冲击瞬间,TDA的黏弹性变形发挥着关键作用:一方面,延长了荷载作用时间,依据冲量原理直接降低了冲击力峰值;另一方面,滞回效应将部分冲击动能转化为热能耗散。每份新增的TDA都提供了相近的额外耗能能力和应力缓冲,这使得钢渣骨架所承受的有效冲击应力得以持续、线性地降低,从而线性减少了颗粒破碎和棱角崩落的概率。因此,钢渣保留棱角的能力随TDA含量增加而线性增强,体现为Bg的线性下降。
综上,随着TDA含量增加,材料在磨损和冲击2个方面的抗劣化性能均获得系统性提升。
(1)在洛杉矶磨耗试验后,随轮胎衍生骨料(Tire-Derived Aggregate,TDA)含量增加,粒径大于16 mm的钢渣质量增加,而粒径小于16 mm的钢渣质量则有所减少,并且,试验后的钢渣级配曲线更靠近初始级配曲线。增加TDA含量能够提高钢渣的抗劣化性能。
(2)当TDA含量≤10%时,钢渣的磨耗率δLAA、脏污指数Fi均随TDA含量增加快速减小;当TDA含量增加到20%时,上述劣化指标仅轻微减小;10%含量的TDA为最优含量。对于破碎率Bg,其随TDA含量增加近似呈线性减小的变化规律,不存在最优含量。
(3)钢渣的表面纹理指数变化率δST随TDA含量的变化规律与磨耗率δLAA、脏污指数Fi相同,而棱角指数变化率δAI、圆度变化率δR随TDA含量的变化规律与破碎率Bg相同。
(4)掺入TDA后,通过吸收冲击能量与均匀化接触应力,使钢渣磨损机制由剧烈破碎转为温和研磨,从而更好保持了微观棱角与粗糙度,最终宏观表现为δLAAFiBg的下降,即抗劣化性能综合提升。
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2026年第47卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.02.02
  • 接收时间:2025-07-27
  • 首发时间:2026-06-03
  • 出版时间:2026-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-27
  • 修回日期:2026-01-22
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    1.石家庄铁道大学 道路与铁道工程安全保障省部共建教育部重点实验室,河北石家庄050043
    2.石家庄铁道大学 土木工程学院,河北石家庄050043

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冯怀平(1975—),男,河北石家庄人,教授,博士研究生导师。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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