中国水稻科学

谷丙转氨酶基因OsAlaAT4调控水稻氮素吸收和产量

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王轶欣 ¹^,² , 林参 ³ , 马刘洋 ² , 陈龙 ² , 奉保华 ² , 倪深 ² , 魏祥进 ² , 贺记外 ¹^,^*^,^* , 陈天晓 ²^,^*^,^*

中国水稻科学 | 研究报告 2026,40(1): 51-60

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中国水稻科学 |研究报告 2026 , 40 (1) : 51 -60

谷丙转氨酶基因OsAlaAT4调控水稻氮素吸收和产量

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王轶欣¹^,², 林参³, 马刘洋², 陈龙², 奉保华², 倪深², 魏祥进², 贺记外¹^,^*^,^*, 陈天晓²^,^*^,^*

作者信息

¹湖南农业大学农学院，长沙 410128

²中国水稻研究所水稻生物育种全国重点实验室，杭州 311401

³江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所，淮安 223001

通讯作者:

email: hejiwai@hunau.edu.cn

chentianxiao@caas.cn

Regulation of Nitrogen Uptake and Yield in Rice by the Alanine Aminotransferase Gene OsAlaAT4

Yixin WANG¹^,², Shen LIN³, Liuyang MA², Long CHEN², Baohua FENG², Shen NI², Xiangjin WEI², Jiwai HE¹, Tianxiao CHEN²

Affiliations

¹College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

²State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China

³Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Science in Xuhuai Area of Jiangsu Province, Huaian 223001, China

Corresponding Author:

email: hejiwai@hunau.edu.cn

chentianxiao@caas.cn

出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250206

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摘要

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【目的】

研究OsAlaAT4在调控水稻氮素利用中的功能，有助于完善水稻氮调控网络，同时为水稻高氮利用率提供理论依据。

【方法】

根据OsAlaAT1的氨基酸序列在NCBI数据库找同源基因，构建敲除载体，通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法转化日本晴愈伤组织，从而获得水稻转基因植株并筛选纯合突变体，将野生型日本晴与突变系通过不同氮浓度的水培试验和田间试验来验证OsAlaAT4与氮吸收利用相关。

【结果】

查找到同源基因OsAlaAT4，成功构建敲除载体并转入日本晴（NIP），获得2个纯合突变系。不同氮浓度水培结果显示，突变系株高、干质量和鲜质量低于相同处理的野生型，根长长于相同处理的野生型，在1/2倍标准氮（N_1/2）、4倍标准氮（N₄）、8倍标准氮（N₈）处理下突变系alaat4-1和alaat4-2的整株氮含量分别提高了27.7%、6.6%、7.7%和26.0%、7.8%、4.5%。正常施氮条件下突变系籽粒的蛋白质含量分别降低了3.0%和3.3%。在低氮田条件下，突变系的株高显著低于野生型。与野生型相比，两个突变系的叶和茎氮含量分别提高了12.1%、13.5%和14.4%、6.9%，穗部氮含量则分别降低了2.6%和4.1%，产量分别降低了7.2%和7.6%；高氮田条件下，突变系的分蘖数显著高于野生型，与野生型相比，突变系的叶和茎氮含量分别提高了7.9%、6.7%和16.6%、16.1%，穗部氮含量则降低了4.9%、4.5%，产量下降了6.5%和5.4%。无论低氮还是高氮处理下，突变系的氮素利用率（NUE）均显著低于野生型。

【结论】

敲除OsAlaAT4导致水稻叶、茎中的氮含量增加，但穗部氮含量、蛋白质含量和产量下降，最终导致氮素利用率（NUE）下降。

关键词

水稻 / 氮含量 / OsAlaAT4 / 氮素利用率 / 产量

Abstract

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【Objective】

The investigation of OsAlaAT4-mediated nitrogen utilization, contributes to an insight into the rice nitrogen regulatory network and supports the breeding of high nitrogen use efficiency rice varieties

【Method】

Based on the amino acid sequence of OsAlaAT1, homologous genes were searched in the NCBI database. A knockout vector was constructed and transformed into Nipponbare (NIP) callus via Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation to obtain transgenic rice plants. Homozygous mutants were subsequently obtained. Wild-type Nipponbare (NIP) and mutant lines were grown in hydroponic systems at different nitrogen concentrations and in field trials to examine the relationship between OsAlaAT4 and nitrogen uptake and utilization.

【Result】

The homologous gene OsAlaAT4 was identified, and the knockout vector was successfully constructed and introduced into Nipponbare (NIP), resulting in two homozygous mutant lines. Hydroponic experiments at different nitrogen concentrations showed that the plant height, dry weight, and fresh weight of the mutant lines were lower than those of the wild-type under the same treatment, while the root length of mutant lines was higher. Under 1/2 standard nitrogen (N1/2), 4 times standard nitrogen (N4), and 8 times standard nitrogen (N8) treatments, the total nitrogen content of the mutant lines (alaat4-1 and alaat4-2) increased by 27.7%, 6.6%, 7.7% and 26.0%, 7.8%, 4.5%, respectively. The grain protein content of the mutant lines decreased by 3.0% and 3.3% under standard nitrogen conditions, respectively. Under low nitrogen field conditions, the plant height of the mutant lines was significantly lower than that of the wild-type. Compared to the wild-type, the nitrogen content in the leaves and stems of the two mutant lines increased by 12.1%, 13.5% and 14.4%, 6.9%, respectively, while the nitrogen content in the panicles decreased by 2.6% and 4.1%, and the yield decreased by 7.2% and 7.6%. Under high nitrogen field conditions, the number of tillers in the mutant lines was significantly higher than that of the wild-type. Compared to the wild-type, the nitrogen content in the leaves and stems of the mutant lines increased by 7.9%, 6.7% and 16.6%, 16.1%, respectively, while the nitrogen content in the panicles decreased by 4.9% and 4.5%, and the yield decreased by 6.5% and 5.4%. Under both low and high nitrogen conditions, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of the mutant lines was lower than that of the wild-type.

【Conclusion】

Knockout of OsAlaAT4 resulted in increased nitrogen content in the leaves and stems of rice, but reduced nitrogen content in the panicles, protein content, and yield, resulting in reduced nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).

Key words

rice / nitrogen content / OsAlaAT4 / nitrogen use efficiency / yield

引用本文

王轶欣, 林参, 马刘洋, 陈龙, 奉保华, 倪深, 魏祥进, 贺记外, 陈天晓. 谷丙转氨酶基因OsAlaAT4调控水稻氮素吸收和产量. 中国水稻科学, 2026 , 40 (1) : 51 -60 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250206

Yixin WANG, Shen LIN, Liuyang MA, Long CHEN, Baohua FENG, Shen NI, Xiangjin WEI, Jiwai HE, Tianxiao CHEN. Regulation of Nitrogen Uptake and Yield in Rice by the Alanine Aminotransferase Gene OsAlaAT4[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2026 , 40 (1) : 51 -60 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250206

基金

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农业生物育种国家科技重大专项(2023ZD04072)
浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LQ24C130007)

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2026年第40卷第1期

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文章信息

doi: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250206

接收时间：2025-02-21
首发时间：2026-09-17
出版时间：2026-01-10

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-02-21
修回日期：2025-03-20

基金

农业生物育种国家科技重大专项(2023ZD04072)

浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LQ24C130007)

作者信息

¹湖南农业大学农学院，长沙 410128

²中国水稻研究所水稻生物育种全国重点实验室，杭州 311401

³江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所，淮安 223001

通讯作者:

email: hejiwai@hunau.edu.cn

chentianxiao@caas.cn

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgsdkx/CN/10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250206

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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