中国水稻科学

无人机飞行速度与氮肥农药减施模式对机插稻产量形成和能效的影响

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陈雪芳 ¹ , 曹云 ¹ , 汤菁莎 ¹ , 黄兴海 ¹ , 何咨霆 ¹ , 王岚芃 ¹ , 李瑞杰 ¹ , 陆焘 ¹ , 孙园园 ² , 廖琴 ¹ , 王仲林 ¹ , 杨志远 ¹ , 马均 ¹ , 孙永健 ¹^,^*^,^*

中国水稻科学 | 研究报告 2026,40(3): 386-402

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中国水稻科学 |研究报告 2026 , 40 (3) : 386 -402

无人机飞行速度与氮肥农药减施模式对机插稻产量形成和能效的影响

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陈雪芳¹, 曹云¹, 汤菁莎¹, 黄兴海¹, 何咨霆¹, 王岚芃¹, 李瑞杰¹, 陆焘¹, 孙园园², 廖琴¹, 王仲林¹, 杨志远¹, 马均¹, 孙永健¹^,^*^,^*

作者信息

¹四川农业大学水稻研究所/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室，成都 611130

²四川省气候中心，成都 610072

通讯作者:

email: yongjians1980@163.com

Effects of UAV Flight Speed and Reduced Application of Nitrogen Fertilizers and Pesticides on Yield Formation and Energy Efficiency in Machine-transplanted Rice

Xuefang CHEN¹, Yun CAO¹, Jingsha TANG¹, Xinghai HUANG¹, Ziting HE¹, Lanpeng WANG¹, Ruijie LI¹, Tao LU¹, Yuanyuan SUN², Qin LIAO¹, Zhonglin WANG¹, Zhiyuan YANG¹, Jun MA¹, Yongjian SUN¹

Affiliations

¹Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China

²Sichuan Climate Center, Chengdu 610072, China

Corresponding Author:

email: yongjians1980@163.com

出版时间: 2026-05-10 doi: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250804

文章导航

摘要

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【目的】

明确无人机高效减量喷洒农药与氮肥对机插稻产量形成与能效的影响，提出氮肥农药减量适配无人机作业效率的最佳模式，为无人机肥药综合生产模式提供理论基础和实践依据。

【方法】

设置无人机飞行速度与肥药综合减施随机区组试验，2种无人机飞行速度分别为5.0 m/s （F₁）和5.5 m/s （F₂）；4种氮肥农药同比例减施处理分别为氮肥农药综合常规用量处理（N₁）、减量10% （N₂）、减量20% （N₃）、减量30% （N₄），并设人工常规氮肥农药处理（CK₁）和不施肥药处理（CK₂）为对照，研究无人机飞行速度与氮肥农药综合减施处理对机插稻产量、群体质量及能效的影响，并探讨无人机肥药综合生产模式下机插稻产量形成与能效间的关系。

【结果】

与CK₁处理相比，F₁N₁、F₂N₁、F₁N₂和F₂N₂处理增产1.22%~1.96%，各处理产量差异不显著且对病害防治效果均达84%以上。尤其是F₁N₂和F₂N₂处理，在肥药减量10%条件下，群体干物质转运量、转运率和氮素转运量、转运率增加了1.73%~13.24%，氮肥偏生产力、氮肥吸收利用率和氮素收获指数分别增加12.48%~12.89%、17.84%~18.75%、1.86%~2.30%，能量产出、净能量、能量利用效率分别增加0.54%~0.66%、0.98%~1.11%、5.47%~5.52%。同一肥药模式下，无人机飞行提速10%电能耗量增加5.19%~10.11%，但缩短了劳动力工作时间，可补偿电能成本，净收益以F₂N₂处理8848.94元/hm²最高。表明无人机提速10%配合氮肥农药减量10% （F₂N₂处理），在保障净收益的基础上提高工作效率和节省生产成本（劳动力），达到节本增效，为本研究氮肥农药减量适配无人机作业效率的最佳生产模式。

【结论】

提高无人机作业速度10%且配合氮肥农药综合减量10%模式，可驱动机插稻通过优化模式补偿机制实现产量、生态、能效的协同优化，达到节肥节药丰产高效的协同统一，为水稻全程机械化绿色生产提供了理论与技术支撑。

关键词

水稻 / 无人机 / 飞行速度 / 氮肥 / 农药 / 生产能效

Abstract

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【Objective】

To determine the effects of efficient, reduced-input pesticide and nitrogen (N) fertilizer application via unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) on the yield formation and energy efficiency of machine-transplanted rice. This study proposes an optimal model for adapting reduced N fertilizer and pesticide inputs to UAV operational efficiency, providing a theoretical foundation and practical basis for integrated UAV fertilizer and pesticide application systems.

【Methods】

A randomized block design was used with two drone flight speeds and four fertilizer-pesticide reduction treatments. Two drone speeds were set: 5.0 m/s (F₁) and 5.5 m/s (F₂). Four treatments with proportionally reduced N fertilizer and pesticide application were established: conventional application rate (N₁), 10% reduction (N₂), 20% reduction (N₃), and 30% reduction (N₄). Manual conventional application (CK₁) and no application (CK₂) served as controls. The study examined the effects of UAV flight speed and combined reduction treatments on machine-transplanted rice yield, plant population quality, and energy efficiency, while exploring the relationship between yield formation and energy efficiency under the UAV-based integrated fertilizer and pesticide application model.

【Results】

Compared with the CK₁ treatment, the F₁N₁, F₂N₁, F₁N₂, and F₂N₂ treatments increased yields by 1.22%-1.96%, with no significant yield differences among treatments and disease control efficacy exceeding 84% in all cases. Notably, under 10% reduced fertilizer and pesticide application, treatments F₁N₂ and F₂N₂ exhibited increases of 1.73%-13.24% in both dry matter transport volume and rate, as well as N transport volume and rate. N partial factor productivity, N uptake efficiency, and N harvest index increased by 12.48%-12.89%, 17.84%-18.75%, and 1.86%-2.30%, respectively. Energy output, net energy and energy utilisation efficiency increased by 0.54%-0.66%, 0.98%-1.11%, and 5.47%-5.52%, respectively. Under identical fertilizer-pesticide regimes, a 10% increase in drone flight speed raised electricity consumption by 5.19%-10.11%. However, reduced labor hours offset electricity costs, yielding the highest net profit of 8,848.94 yuan/hm² under the F₂N₂ treatment. This demonstrates that a 10% increase in UAV speed combined with a 10% reduction in N fertilizer and pesticide application (F₂N₂ treatment) enhances operational efficiency and reduces production costs (labor) while maintaining net profit. This achieves cost savings and efficiency gains, representing the optimal production model for N fertilizer and pesticide reduction adapted to UAV operational efficiency in this trial.

【Conclusion】

The 10% drone speed increase coupled with 10% integrated N fertiliser and pesticide reduction drives synergistic optimization of yield, ecology, and energy efficiency in machine-transplanted rice through an optimised compensation mechanism. This achieves unified synergies of fertilizer and pesticide savings alongside high yields and efficiency, providing theoretical and technical support for fully mechanised green rice production.

Key words

rice / UAV / flight rate / N fertilizer / pesticide / production energy efficiency

引用本文

陈雪芳, 曹云, 汤菁莎, 黄兴海, 何咨霆, 王岚芃, 李瑞杰, 陆焘, 孙园园, 廖琴, 王仲林, 杨志远, 马均, 孙永健. 无人机飞行速度与氮肥农药减施模式对机插稻产量形成和能效的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2026 , 40 (3) : 386 -402 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250804

Xuefang CHEN, Yun CAO, Jingsha TANG, Xinghai HUANG, Ziting HE, Lanpeng WANG, Ruijie LI, Tao LU, Yuanyuan SUN, Qin LIAO, Zhonglin WANG, Zhiyuan YANG, Jun MA, Yongjian SUN. Effects of UAV Flight Speed and Reduced Application of Nitrogen Fertilizers and Pesticides on Yield Formation and Energy Efficiency in Machine-transplanted Rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2026 , 40 (3) : 386 -402 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250804

基金

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国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFD2301903)
四川省科技计划资助项目(2024NZZJ0005)
四川省“十四五”生物育种重大科技专项(2022ZDZX0012)
国家现代农业产业体系四川创新团队项目(SCCXTD-2024-2)
四川省育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0005)

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参考文献引证文献

排序方式：

2026年第40卷第3期

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文章信息

doi: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250804

接收时间：2025-08-18
首发时间：2026-09-17
出版时间：2026-05-10

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-08-18
修回日期：2025-12-12

基金

国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFD2301903)

四川省科技计划资助项目(2024NZZJ0005)

四川省“十四五”生物育种重大科技专项(2022ZDZX0012)

国家现代农业产业体系四川创新团队项目(SCCXTD-2024-2)

四川省育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0005)

作者信息

¹四川农业大学水稻研究所/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室，成都 611130

²四川省气候中心，成都 610072

通讯作者:

email: yongjians1980@163.com

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgsdkx/CN/10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250804

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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