Article(id=1302192633326105039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, issueId=1302192562882761358, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1777046400000, receivedDateStr=2026-04-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1782403200000, acceptedDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineDate=1788396517353, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1786809600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788396517353, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788396517353, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788396517353, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302192562882761358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, year='2026', volume='59', issue='16', pageStart='3465', pageEnd='3698', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786809600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-16', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788396500558, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405251849, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302229268860264480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, issueId=1302192562882761358, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302229268860264481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, issueId=1302192562882761358, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3655, endPage=3672, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302192633556791760, articleId=1302192633326105039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, language=EN, title=Integrative Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Flavonoid Accumulation Characteristics in the Flesh of Red-Fleshed Grape and Self-Pollinated Progenies, columnId=1302192631883255932, journalTitle=Scientia Agricultura Sinica, columnName=HORTICULTURE, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【Objective】 This study investigated differences in flavonoid-related gene expression and metabolite profiles in the flesh of red-fleshed grape berries and their self-pollinated progenies, aiming to elucidate the metabolic accumulation characteristics of flavonoid biosynthesis, and provide insights into transcriptional regulation, so as to lay a theoretical foundation for improving flavonoid contents in grape berries and breeding new grape varieties. 【Method】 The red-fleshed grape germplasm Zhongshanhongyu (ZSHY), its self-pollinated progenies Nan 19 (N19) and Nan 30 (N30), and Muscat (MGX) were used as materials. Four pairwise comparison groups (ZSHY_vs_MGX, N30_vs_ZSHY, N19_vs_MGX, and N30_vs_N19) were established for targeting flavonoid metabolomics alongside transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) of berry flesh. Enrichment analyses were subsequently conducted to characterize flavonoid metabolites accumulation, identify key structural genes, and dissect the transcriptional regulatory networks involved in flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. 【Result】 Based on targeted flavonoid metabolomics technology, a total of 104 differentially accumulated flavonoid metabolites were detected, and 62 core metabolites exhibiting significant differences were further identified. Notably, most flavonols and flavanols accumulated to substantially higher levels in ZSHY and N19 than in N30 and MGX. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that these differential metabolites were predominantly enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, particularly responsible for anthocyanin, flavone, and flavonol biosynthesis. Transcriptome profiling identified 758 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were significantly overrepresented in flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, 30 core DEGs directly involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were screened, whose expression patterns were broadly consistent with the metabolite accumulation profiles, showing high transcript abundance in ZSHY and N19, but low expression in N30 and MGX. In addition, 22 transcription factors (TFs) significantly correlated with flavonoid structural genes were identified, mainly belonging to the WRKY, MYB, and ERF families. 【Conclusion】 Significant differences existed in flavonoid metabolism between the red-fleshed grape and its self-pollinated progenies. The elevated flavonoid accumulation in the flesh of ZSHY and N19 was closely associated with the upregulation of the key structural genes in the flavonoid pathway, and the identified TFs might play important regulatory roles in this process.

, authors=PeiJing WU2, Ling SU1, YingChun CHEN1, Dong MENG2, Qing YANG2, Man ZHANG2, XiaoMiao ZHOU2, JianMin TAO3, Huan ZHENG3, Bo LI1, Lei GONG1, 3, authorsList=PeiJing WU, Ling SU, YingChun CHEN, Dong MENG, Qing YANG, Man ZHANG, XiaoMiao ZHOU, JianMin TAO, Huan ZHENG, Bo LI, Lei GONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1302192635918184931, articleId=1302192633326105039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, language=CN, title=基于转录组与代谢组解析红肉葡萄及其自交后代果肉类黄酮积累特征, columnId=1302192632055222398, journalTitle=中国农业科学, columnName=园艺, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】 研究红肉葡萄及其自交后代果肉类黄酮的基因表达及代谢组分差异,解析类黄酮生物合成的代谢积累特征并提供转录调控线索,为提高葡萄果实类黄酮含量及培育葡萄新品种提供理论基础。【方法】 以红肉葡萄新种质‘钟山红玉’(ZSHY)和自交后代‘南19’(N19)、‘南30’(N30),以及‘玫瑰香’(MGX)为试验材料,设置ZSHY_vs_MGX、N30_vs_ZSHY、N19_vs_MGX和N30_vs_N19四个组别,进行果肉类黄酮靶向代谢组学和转录组学(RNA-seq)检测,通过富集分析鉴定类黄酮代谢物积累、合成关键基因以及转录调控的网络。【结果】 基于类黄酮靶向代谢组学技术,检测出104种表达差异的类黄酮代谢物,并鉴定出62种显著差异的核心类黄酮代谢物,其中‘ZSHY’和‘N19’中黄酮醇、黄烷醇等多数代谢物积累量显著高于‘N30’和‘MGX’。KEGG通路富集分析显示差异代谢物显著富集于类黄酮生物合成相关通路,特别是花青素苷、黄酮与黄酮醇生物合成途径。转录组学分析共筛选到758个差异表达基因(DEGs),显著富集于类黄酮、苯丙烷类生物合成等通路。进一步鉴定出30个核心差异表达的类黄酮合成关键结构基因,其表达模式与类黄酮代谢物积累趋势基本一致,即在‘ZSHY’和‘N19’中表达量高,在‘N30’和‘MGX’中表达量低。此外,筛选出22个与类黄酮合成结构基因显著相关的转录因子,主要包括WRKY、MYB、ERF等家族。【结论】 红肉葡萄与其自交后代间存在显著的类黄酮代谢差异,‘ZSHY’和‘N19’果肉中类黄酮的较高积累与其合成通路关键结构基因的高表达密切相关,且转录因子可能对类黄酮合成基因具有调控作用。

, authors=吴培景2, 苏玲1, 陈迎春1, 孟冬2, 杨清2, 张曼2, 周小苗2, 陶建敏3, 郑焕3, 李勃1, 宫磊1, 3, authorsList=吴培景, 苏玲, 陈迎春, 孟冬, 杨清, 张曼, 周小苗, 陶建敏, 郑焕, 李勃, 宫磊, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

吴培景和苏玲为同等贡献作者。

吴培景,E-mail:

苏玲,E-mail:

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宫磊,E-mail:
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Plant Molecular Biology, 2019, 99(1): 67-78., articleTitle=Ethylene response factors Pp4ERF24 and Pp12ERF96 regulate blue light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in ‘Red Zaosu’ pear fruits by interacting with MYB114, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1302192642004120137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, awardId=CXGC2026A08, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2026A08), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1302192642071229002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, awardId=CARS-29, language=CN, fundingSource=国家葡萄产业技术体系(CARS-29), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1302192636178231780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192636186620389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, companyId=1302192636178231780, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality Control and Deep Processing, Jinan 250100), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192636195008998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, companyId=1302192636178231780, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 山东省葡萄研究院/济南市果品品质调控与精深加工重点实验室, 济南 250100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1302192636266312167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192636274700776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, companyId=1302192636266312167, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192636283089385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, companyId=1302192636266312167, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 北京林业大学林学院, 北京 100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1302192636366975466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192636379558379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, companyId=1302192636366975466, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192636387946988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, companyId=1302192636366975466, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 南京农业大学园艺学院, 南京 210095)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1302192639961494065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Determination of flavonoid content in flesh of different grape germplasms

***: P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=tgXs1OuQCKBDMPzXqsFrkQ==, figureFileBig=t9FeGwJYS5wwhAxp0aNtTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192640049574450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同葡萄种质果肉中类黄酮含量测定, figureFileSmall=tgXs1OuQCKBDMPzXqsFrkQ==, figureFileBig=t9FeGwJYS5wwhAxp0aNtTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192640250901043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Metabolomics analysis

A: Principal component analysis (PCA) plot of Metabolomics; B: Flavonoid component proportions; C: Statistics of the number of DAMs selected through comparison between different groups

, figureFileSmall=vjMJuDBAISaACwVk67aJuA==, figureFileBig=vpJNXl7zSfGYm4Nykb3/Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192640334787124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, language=CN, label=图2, caption=代谢组学分析

A:代谢组主成分分析图;B:类黄酮组分占比;C:组间对比筛选到的DAMs数目统计

, figureFileSmall=vjMJuDBAISaACwVk67aJuA==, figureFileBig=vpJNXl7zSfGYm4Nykb3/Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192640406090293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Venn analysis (A) and KEGG enrichment analysis (B) of core DAMs, Clustering heatmap of core differential flavonoid metabolites, figureFileSmall=SORSni+yG0VOTcf4OYFyBA==, figureFileBig=wC0gWtlrhAKCkDUIr7rQdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192640473199158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, language=CN, label=图3, caption=核心DAMs Venn分析(A)、KEGG富集分析(B)及类黄酮核心差异代谢物聚类热图(C), figureFileSmall=SORSni+yG0VOTcf4OYFyBA==, figureFileBig=wC0gWtlrhAKCkDUIr7rQdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192640544502327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Analysis of RNA-Seq results

A: Principal component analysis (PCA) plot of RNA-seq data; B: Statistics of the number of DEGs selected through comparison between different groups; C: Venn analysis across groups; D: The hierarchical clustering analysis heatmap of DEGs, with blue to red representing gene expression levels from low to high; E: Venn analysis of core DEGs

, figureFileSmall=oZw/UoSFt8GAKksXkrXldQ==, figureFileBig=C7UulWyIBsIT+YvQ2w6Fig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192640640971320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, language=CN, label=图4, caption=RNA-seq结果分析

A:RNA-seq主成分分析图;B:组间对比筛选到的DEG数目统计;C:各组别Venn分析;D:DEGs层次聚类分析热图,绿色到红色代表基因表达水平从低到高;E:核心DEGs Venn分析

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1: 60K protein binding site; 2: Auxin-responsive element; 3: cis-acting element involved in salicylic acid responsiveness; 4: cis-acting element involved in the abscisic acid responsiveness; 5: cis-acting regulatory element essential for the anaerobic induction; 6: cis-acting regulatory element involved in circadian control; 7: cis-acting regulatory element involved in light responsiveness; 8: cis-regulatory element involved in endosperm expression; 9: Light responsive element; 10: MYB binding site involved in drought-inducibility; 11: Part of a conserved DNA module involved in light responsiveness; 12: Part of a light responsive element; 13: Part of a light responsive module; 14: Part of a module for light response; 15: cis-acting element involved in light responsiveness; 16: Element for maximal elicitor-mediated activation (2copies) ; 17: MYBHv1 binding site; 18: cis-acting element involved in defense and stress responsiveness; 19: cis-acting regulatory element involved in auxin responsiveness; 20: Enhancer-like element involved in anoxic specific inducibility; 21: Gibberellin-responsive element; 22: cis-acting element involved in cell cycle regulation; 23: cis-acting element involved in low-temperature responsiveness; 24: cis-acting regulatory element involved in the MeJA-responsiveness;25: cis-acting regulatory element related to meristem expression; 26: Wound-responsive element; 27: cis-acting element involved in gibberellin-responsiveness; 28: Involved in endosperm-specific negative expression; 29: cis-acting element involved in phytochrome down-regulation expression; 30: MYB binding site involved in light responsiveness; 31: Element involved in differentiation of the palisade mesophyll cells; 32: MYB binding site involved in flavonoid biosynthetic genes regulation; 33: cis-acting regulatory element involved in zein metabolism regulation; 34: cis-acting regulatory element involved in seed-specific regulation

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1:60K蛋白结合位点;2:生长素响应元件;3:参与水杨酸响应性的顺式作用元件;4:参与脱落酸响应性的顺式作用元件;5:厌氧诱导所必需的顺式作用调控元件;6:参与昼夜节律调控的顺式作用调控元件;7:参与光响应性的顺式作用调控元件;8:参与胚乳表达的顺式调控元件;9:光响应元件;10:参与干旱诱导性的MYB结合位点;11:参与光响应性的保守DNA模块的组成部分;12:光响应元件的组成部分;13:光响应模块的组成部分;14:光响应模块的组成部分;15:参与光响应性的顺式作用元件;16:激发子介导的最大激活效应元件(2拷贝);17:MYBHv1结合位点;18:参与防御和胁迫响应性的顺式作用元件;19:参与生长素响应性的顺式作用调控元件;20:参与缺氧特异性诱导性的增强子样元件;21:赤霉素响应元件;22:参与细胞周期调控的顺式作用元件;23:参与低温响应性的顺式作用元件;24:参与茉莉酸甲酯响应性的顺式作用调控元件;25:与分生组织表达相关的顺式作用调控元件;26:创伤响应元件;27:参与赤霉素响应性的顺式作用元件;28:参与胚乳特异性负表达调控;29:参与光敏色素下调表达的顺式作用元件;30:参与光响应性的MYB结合位点;31:参与栅栏组织叶肉细胞分化的元件;32:参与类黄酮生物合成基因调控的MYB结合位点;33:参与玉米醇溶蛋白代谢调控的顺式作用调控元件;34:参与种子特异性调控的顺式作用调控元件。*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01;***:P<0.001

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The list of primers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因Gene 基因ID Gene ID 引物序列Primers sequence (5′-3′)
Actin F: CTTGGCTGATAGGCTGGCGAAG
R: TCCACATCTGCTCAAAGGTGCTTAG
PAL VIT_13s0019g04460 F: ATGAGGTGAAGCGGATGGTG
R: GCCTTTACTCCCTCTCTCGC
CYP73A4 VIT_06s0004g08150 F: AATCCTGGTGAACGCATGGT
R: TTGGCCTCAACCTTGGACTC
4CL2 VIT_11s0052g01090 F: CCAGATCATCTTCCGCTGCA
R: GCCTTGCTTGATCCCCATCT
CHS VIT_14s0068g00920 F: CCAAAATCGAACGCCCACTC
R: TGGAAATCAACCCTGGGACG
CHIL2 VIT_13s0067g02870 F: CAAGGGTTCACAGTACGGGG
R: TCCAAAGCTTCCTCCTCCTCT
CHI VIT_13s0067g03820 F: TGGAGTCCATCATCGGCAAG
R: TTCTCATCCCCAGCCTCCTT
HCT VIT_11s0037g00440 F: GCCTCTCCCATGATCAACCC
R: GCGTTGCGAATCCTCTGAAC
CYP75B2 VIT_17s0000g07210 F: CCTCTACCACTTCCTCACGC
R: GCCCATACGGAGATGCATGA
CYP75A1 VIT_06s0009g02970 F: TTATGGGGCAAGGTGGAAGC
R: TTAACATCTCCGGCACCACC
DFR VIT_18s0001g12800 F: AATGAAATCGTGTGCTGCCG
R: ACTCCAGCAGCTTTCATCGT
LDOX VIT_02s0025g04720 F: ATGGTGACTTCAGTGGCTCC
R: GAACCTGAGGCCCTTCATCC
UFGT VIT_16s0039g02230 F: AATGGGAGGATGGTGGAGGA
R: TAGGACCAACTGCCCTGTCT
), ArticleFig(id=1302192641534358084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因Gene 基因ID Gene ID 引物序列Primers sequence (5′-3′)
Actin F: CTTGGCTGATAGGCTGGCGAAG
R: TCCACATCTGCTCAAAGGTGCTTAG
PAL VIT_13s0019g04460 F: ATGAGGTGAAGCGGATGGTG
R: GCCTTTACTCCCTCTCTCGC
CYP73A4 VIT_06s0004g08150 F: AATCCTGGTGAACGCATGGT
R: TTGGCCTCAACCTTGGACTC
4CL2 VIT_11s0052g01090 F: CCAGATCATCTTCCGCTGCA
R: GCCTTGCTTGATCCCCATCT
CHS VIT_14s0068g00920 F: CCAAAATCGAACGCCCACTC
R: TGGAAATCAACCCTGGGACG
CHIL2 VIT_13s0067g02870 F: CAAGGGTTCACAGTACGGGG
R: TCCAAAGCTTCCTCCTCCTCT
CHI VIT_13s0067g03820 F: TGGAGTCCATCATCGGCAAG
R: TTCTCATCCCCAGCCTCCTT
HCT VIT_11s0037g00440 F: GCCTCTCCCATGATCAACCC
R: GCGTTGCGAATCCTCTGAAC
CYP75B2 VIT_17s0000g07210 F: CCTCTACCACTTCCTCACGC
R: GCCCATACGGAGATGCATGA
CYP75A1 VIT_06s0009g02970 F: TTATGGGGCAAGGTGGAAGC
R: TTAACATCTCCGGCACCACC
DFR VIT_18s0001g12800 F: AATGAAATCGTGTGCTGCCG
R: ACTCCAGCAGCTTTCATCGT
LDOX VIT_02s0025g04720 F: ATGGTGACTTCAGTGGCTCC
R: GAACCTGAGGCCCTTCATCC
UFGT VIT_16s0039g02230 F: AATGGGAGGATGGTGGAGGA
R: TAGGACCAACTGCCCTGTCT
), ArticleFig(id=1302192641614049861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Quality and yield statistics of RNA-Seq libraries

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
Sample
原始数据
Raw reads (M)
过滤后数据
Clean reads (M)
过滤后碱基总数
Clean bases (G)
有效碱基百分比
Valid bases (%)
碱基质量值
Q30 (%)
GC含量
GC content (%)
特异比对率
Unique map (%)
MGX-1 44.82 44.71 6.70 99.77 97.94 46.24 86.00
MGX-2 46.83 46.74 7.00 99.80 97.89 45.98 88.42
MGX-3 45.39 45.27 6.78 99.73 97.95 46.56 86.93
N30-1 46.26 46.12 6.90 99.71 97.99 46.26 86.66
N30-2 46.78 46.68 6.99 99.79 97.86 46.32 85.48
N30-3 46.69 46.56 6.97 99.72 97.96 46.35 86.81
ZSHY-1 46.35 46.22 6.92 99.72 98.00 47.08 83.65
ZSHY-2 46.29 46.14 6.91 99.68 98.02 46.56 86.76
ZSHY-3 46.15 46.05 6.90 99.77 98.01 46.80 86.10
N19-1 46.91 46.67 6.97 99.47 97.94 46.17 85.52
N19-2 46.70 46.50 6.95 99.55 97.92 46.33 85.43
N19-3 47.25 47.11 7.05 99.70 97.89 46.30 85.44
), ArticleFig(id=1302192641689547334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

RNA-Seq文库的质量和产量统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
Sample
原始数据
Raw reads (M)
过滤后数据
Clean reads (M)
过滤后碱基总数
Clean bases (G)
有效碱基百分比
Valid bases (%)
碱基质量值
Q30 (%)
GC含量
GC content (%)
特异比对率
Unique map (%)
MGX-1 44.82 44.71 6.70 99.77 97.94 46.24 86.00
MGX-2 46.83 46.74 7.00 99.80 97.89 45.98 88.42
MGX-3 45.39 45.27 6.78 99.73 97.95 46.56 86.93
N30-1 46.26 46.12 6.90 99.71 97.99 46.26 86.66
N30-2 46.78 46.68 6.99 99.79 97.86 46.32 85.48
N30-3 46.69 46.56 6.97 99.72 97.96 46.35 86.81
ZSHY-1 46.35 46.22 6.92 99.72 98.00 47.08 83.65
ZSHY-2 46.29 46.14 6.91 99.68 98.02 46.56 86.76
ZSHY-3 46.15 46.05 6.90 99.77 98.01 46.80 86.10
N19-1 46.91 46.67 6.97 99.47 97.94 46.17 85.52
N19-2 46.70 46.50 6.95 99.55 97.92 46.33 85.43
N19-3 47.25 47.11 7.05 99.70 97.89 46.30 85.44
), ArticleFig(id=1302192641773433415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Flavonoid-related differentially expressed structural genes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因名称
Gene name
基因
Gene
基因ID
Gene ID
数量
Count
编号
KO ID
苯丙氨酸解氨酶 Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase PAL VIT_13s0019g04460 1 K10775
肉桂酸-4-羟化酶 Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase CYP73A VIT_06s0004g08150 1 K00487
4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶
4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase
4CL2 VIT_11s0052g01090; VIT_16s0039g02040 2 K01904
查尔酮合成酶
Chalcone synthase
CHS VIT_16s0022g01020; VIT_05s0136g00260; VIT_14s0068g00920;
VIT_16s0022g01140; VIT_16s0022g01190; VIT_00s1492g00010;
VIT_16s0022g01000
7 K00660
查尔酮异构酶样蛋白
Chalcone-flavanone isomerase-related
CHIL2 VIT_13s0067g02870 1 K01859
查尔酮异构酶Chalcone isomerase CHI VIT_13s0067g03820 1 K01859
莽草酸O-羟基肉桂酰转移酶
Shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
HCT VIT_11s0037g00440 1 K13065
黄烷酮3'羟化酶Flavonoid 3'- hydroxylase CYP75B2 VIT_17s0000g07200; VIT_17s0000g07210 2 K05280
类黄酮3', 5'羟基化酶
Flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase
CYP75A1 VIT_06s0009g02970; VIT_06s0009g02840; VIT_06s0009g02860 3 K13083
CYP75A2 VIT_06s0009g02830 1 K13083
CYP75A3 VIT_06s0009g02920; VIT_06s0009g02880; VIT_06s0009g02810 3 K13083
类黄酮 O-甲基转移酶
Flavonoid O-methyltransferase
FAOMT VIT_01s0010g03510; VIT_01s0010g03470; IT_01s0010g03490;
VIT_01s0010g03460
4 K13272
二氢黄酮醇-4-还原酶
Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase
DFR VIT_18s0001g12800 1 K13802
无色花青素双加氧酶
Leucoanthocyanin dioxygenase
LDOX VIT_02s0025g04720 1 K05277
UDP类黄酮-3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶
UDP flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase
UFGT VIT_16s0039g02230 1 K12930
), ArticleFig(id=1302192641857319496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192633326105039, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

类黄酮合成相关的差异表达基因

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因名称
Gene name
基因
Gene
基因ID
Gene ID
数量
Count
编号
KO ID
苯丙氨酸解氨酶 Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase PAL VIT_13s0019g04460 1 K10775
肉桂酸-4-羟化酶 Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase CYP73A VIT_06s0004g08150 1 K00487
4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶
4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase
4CL2 VIT_11s0052g01090; VIT_16s0039g02040 2 K01904
查尔酮合成酶
Chalcone synthase
CHS VIT_16s0022g01020; VIT_05s0136g00260; VIT_14s0068g00920;
VIT_16s0022g01140; VIT_16s0022g01190; VIT_00s1492g00010;
VIT_16s0022g01000
7 K00660
查尔酮异构酶样蛋白
Chalcone-flavanone isomerase-related
CHIL2 VIT_13s0067g02870 1 K01859
查尔酮异构酶Chalcone isomerase CHI VIT_13s0067g03820 1 K01859
莽草酸O-羟基肉桂酰转移酶
Shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
HCT VIT_11s0037g00440 1 K13065
黄烷酮3'羟化酶Flavonoid 3'- hydroxylase CYP75B2 VIT_17s0000g07200; VIT_17s0000g07210 2 K05280
类黄酮3', 5'羟基化酶
Flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase
CYP75A1 VIT_06s0009g02970; VIT_06s0009g02840; VIT_06s0009g02860 3 K13083
CYP75A2 VIT_06s0009g02830 1 K13083
CYP75A3 VIT_06s0009g02920; VIT_06s0009g02880; VIT_06s0009g02810 3 K13083
类黄酮 O-甲基转移酶
Flavonoid O-methyltransferase
FAOMT VIT_01s0010g03510; VIT_01s0010g03470; IT_01s0010g03490;
VIT_01s0010g03460
4 K13272
二氢黄酮醇-4-还原酶
Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase
DFR VIT_18s0001g12800 1 K13802
无色花青素双加氧酶
Leucoanthocyanin dioxygenase
LDOX VIT_02s0025g04720 1 K05277
UDP类黄酮-3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶
UDP flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase
UFGT VIT_16s0039g02230 1 K12930
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基于转录组与代谢组解析红肉葡萄及其自交后代果肉类黄酮积累特征
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吴培景 2 , 苏玲 1 , 陈迎春 1 , 孟冬 2 , 杨清 2 , 张曼 2 , 周小苗 2 , 陶建敏 3 , 郑焕 3 , 李勃 1 , 宫磊 1, 3
中国农业科学 | 园艺 2026,59(16): 3655-3672
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中国农业科学 |园艺 2026 , 59 (16) : 3655 -3672
基于转录组与代谢组解析红肉葡萄及其自交后代果肉类黄酮积累特征
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吴培景2 , 苏玲1 , 陈迎春1, 孟冬2, 杨清2, 张曼2, 周小苗2, 陶建敏3, 郑焕3, 李勃1, 宫磊1, 3
作者信息
  • 1 山东省葡萄研究院/济南市果品品质调控与精深加工重点实验室, 济南 250100
  • 2 北京林业大学林学院, 北京 100083
  • 3 南京农业大学园艺学院, 南京 210095
通讯作者:
宫磊,E-mail:
作者简介:

吴培景和苏玲为同等贡献作者。

吴培景,E-mail:

苏玲,E-mail:

Integrative Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Flavonoid Accumulation Characteristics in the Flesh of Red-Fleshed Grape and Self-Pollinated Progenies
PeiJing WU2 , Ling SU1 , YingChun CHEN1, Dong MENG2, Qing YANG2, Man ZHANG2, XiaoMiao ZHOU2, JianMin TAO3, Huan ZHENG3, Bo LI1, Lei GONG1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1 Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality Control and Deep Processing, Jinan 250100
  • 2 College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
  • 3 College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095
出版时间: 2026-08-16 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.013
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【目的】 研究红肉葡萄及其自交后代果肉类黄酮的基因表达及代谢组分差异,解析类黄酮生物合成的代谢积累特征并提供转录调控线索,为提高葡萄果实类黄酮含量及培育葡萄新品种提供理论基础。【方法】 以红肉葡萄新种质‘钟山红玉’(ZSHY)和自交后代‘南19’(N19)、‘南30’(N30),以及‘玫瑰香’(MGX)为试验材料,设置ZSHY_vs_MGX、N30_vs_ZSHY、N19_vs_MGX和N30_vs_N19四个组别,进行果肉类黄酮靶向代谢组学和转录组学(RNA-seq)检测,通过富集分析鉴定类黄酮代谢物积累、合成关键基因以及转录调控的网络。【结果】 基于类黄酮靶向代谢组学技术,检测出104种表达差异的类黄酮代谢物,并鉴定出62种显著差异的核心类黄酮代谢物,其中‘ZSHY’和‘N19’中黄酮醇、黄烷醇等多数代谢物积累量显著高于‘N30’和‘MGX’。KEGG通路富集分析显示差异代谢物显著富集于类黄酮生物合成相关通路,特别是花青素苷、黄酮与黄酮醇生物合成途径。转录组学分析共筛选到758个差异表达基因(DEGs),显著富集于类黄酮、苯丙烷类生物合成等通路。进一步鉴定出30个核心差异表达的类黄酮合成关键结构基因,其表达模式与类黄酮代谢物积累趋势基本一致,即在‘ZSHY’和‘N19’中表达量高,在‘N30’和‘MGX’中表达量低。此外,筛选出22个与类黄酮合成结构基因显著相关的转录因子,主要包括WRKY、MYB、ERF等家族。【结论】 红肉葡萄与其自交后代间存在显著的类黄酮代谢差异,‘ZSHY’和‘N19’果肉中类黄酮的较高积累与其合成通路关键结构基因的高表达密切相关,且转录因子可能对类黄酮合成基因具有调控作用。

红肉葡萄  /  果肉  /  自交后代  /  类黄酮  /  转录组  /  代谢组

【Objective】 This study investigated differences in flavonoid-related gene expression and metabolite profiles in the flesh of red-fleshed grape berries and their self-pollinated progenies, aiming to elucidate the metabolic accumulation characteristics of flavonoid biosynthesis, and provide insights into transcriptional regulation, so as to lay a theoretical foundation for improving flavonoid contents in grape berries and breeding new grape varieties. 【Method】 The red-fleshed grape germplasm Zhongshanhongyu (ZSHY), its self-pollinated progenies Nan 19 (N19) and Nan 30 (N30), and Muscat (MGX) were used as materials. Four pairwise comparison groups (ZSHY_vs_MGX, N30_vs_ZSHY, N19_vs_MGX, and N30_vs_N19) were established for targeting flavonoid metabolomics alongside transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) of berry flesh. Enrichment analyses were subsequently conducted to characterize flavonoid metabolites accumulation, identify key structural genes, and dissect the transcriptional regulatory networks involved in flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. 【Result】 Based on targeted flavonoid metabolomics technology, a total of 104 differentially accumulated flavonoid metabolites were detected, and 62 core metabolites exhibiting significant differences were further identified. Notably, most flavonols and flavanols accumulated to substantially higher levels in ZSHY and N19 than in N30 and MGX. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that these differential metabolites were predominantly enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, particularly responsible for anthocyanin, flavone, and flavonol biosynthesis. Transcriptome profiling identified 758 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were significantly overrepresented in flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, 30 core DEGs directly involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were screened, whose expression patterns were broadly consistent with the metabolite accumulation profiles, showing high transcript abundance in ZSHY and N19, but low expression in N30 and MGX. In addition, 22 transcription factors (TFs) significantly correlated with flavonoid structural genes were identified, mainly belonging to the WRKY, MYB, and ERF families. 【Conclusion】 Significant differences existed in flavonoid metabolism between the red-fleshed grape and its self-pollinated progenies. The elevated flavonoid accumulation in the flesh of ZSHY and N19 was closely associated with the upregulation of the key structural genes in the flavonoid pathway, and the identified TFs might play important regulatory roles in this process.

red-fleshed grape  /  fruit flesh  /  self-progeny  /  flavonoids  /  transcriptome  /  metabolomics
吴培景, 苏玲, 陈迎春, 孟冬, 杨清, 张曼, 周小苗, 陶建敏, 郑焕, 李勃, 宫磊. 基于转录组与代谢组解析红肉葡萄及其自交后代果肉类黄酮积累特征. 中国农业科学, 2026 , 59 (16) : 3655 -3672 . DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.013
PeiJing WU, Ling SU, YingChun CHEN, Dong MENG, Qing YANG, Man ZHANG, XiaoMiao ZHOU, JianMin TAO, Huan ZHENG, Bo LI, Lei GONG. Integrative Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Flavonoid Accumulation Characteristics in the Flesh of Red-Fleshed Grape and Self-Pollinated Progenies[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026 , 59 (16) : 3655 -3672 . DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.013
【研究意义】葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)是世界上种植范围最广泛,且栽培历史悠久的园艺作物之一[1]。不仅用于鲜食,在酿酒、制汁等副产品加工中也占有重要地位[2]。类黄酮是一类广泛存在于植物中的次生代谢物,在提高葡萄果实色泽、风味品质及食品功能化方面扮演重要角色[3-4],因此,解析不同葡萄品种中类黄酮代谢物合成积累特征及其相关基因转录调控网络,有利于选育高含量类黄酮葡萄新品种,提高葡萄品质和商品价值,推动葡萄产业发展。【前人研究进展】类黄酮的结构为C6-C3-C6的C15苯环结构,又被称为多酚。主要分为黄酮醇类、黄酮类、异黄酮类、花青素类、黄烷酮类、黄烷醇类和查尔酮类等7个大类,在品种、时空特征和组织上表现出明显的差异性[5-6]。作为葡萄中含量最丰富的次生代谢物之一,类黄酮影响葡萄的果实着色和感官品质;另外,它能够应对生物和非生物胁迫,如通过ROS清除和调节信号通路来应对紫外线(UV-B)、干旱、高温和盐碱等非生物胁迫。在应对病原体侵染时,类黄酮(如槲皮素、芦丁)能抵抗病菌的侵染,还可以通过抑制生长素的转运等阻止病菌扩散[7-10]。已有大量研究表明类黄酮具有保健功能,在抗氧化、消炎等方面具有较高的生物活性潜力和药用价值[11]。类黄酮的合成途径可以分为上游的苯丙烷代谢途径、类黄酮中间产物合成途径,以及后续的各分支途径(花青素合成通路、异黄酮合成通路、黄酮和黄酮醇合成通路);最终分支产物进行的甲基化、糖基化等后期修饰[12-13]。催化类黄酮合成的酶主要有苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶(C4H)、4-香豆酰辅酶A连接酶(4CL)、查尔酮合成酶(CHS)、查尔酮异构酶(CHI)、查尔酮异构酶样蛋白(CHIL)、黄烷酮-3-羟化酶(F3H)、黄酮醇合成酶(FLS)、二氢黄酮醇-4-还原酶(DFR)、无色花青素还原酶(LAR)、花青素合成酶(ANS)、花青素还原酶(ANR)以及类黄酮修饰酶如类黄酮-O-甲基转移酶(OMT)、类黄酮-3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶(UFGT)、酰基转移酶(ACT/ATT)等[14-15]。转录组学与代谢组学的联合分析常用于对类黄酮合成的解析,有研究阐释了圆叶葡萄(Muscadine grape)在浆果发育的3个关键阶段(花序闭合期、转色期和成熟期)中类黄酮的生物合成机制[16],还有研究解析了全红心迷你型猕猴桃(A. arguta)成熟过程中类黄酮代谢的调控网络[17]。【本研究切入点】近年来对葡萄中类黄酮组分的研究较多,尤其集中于花青苷,但对其他黄酮醇、黄烷醇等类黄酮组分的深入研究较少。已有研究系统解析‘钟山红玉’花青苷的合成和积累机制[18-20],但目前对‘钟山红玉’及其自交后代类黄酮组分的系统研究较少。【拟解决的关键问题】本研究以葡萄品种‘钟山红玉’(红肉)、‘南19’(红肉)和‘南30’(白肉),以及栽培品种‘玫瑰香’(白肉)为试验材料(其中‘南19’和‘南30’为‘钟山红玉’自交后代),借助代谢组学和转录组学解析红肉葡萄及其自交后代果肉类黄酮代谢积累特征,并筛选类黄酮合成相关基因,为培育高类黄酮表达的葡萄新品种提供理论参考。
本研究中使用的9年生红肉葡萄新种质‘钟山红玉’(ZSHY)(株行距为4 m×8 m)定植于江苏省南京市汤山翠谷葡萄试验基地。‘钟山红玉’自交授粉于2018年春季采用去雄套袋的方式进行。2019年共获得后代实生苗116棵。试验收集红肉葡萄‘钟山红玉’及自交群体中32株实生苗(16株红肉和16株白肉)果实,以及‘碧香无核’‘玫瑰香’‘红香蕉’‘金手指’‘美人指’‘意大利’和‘阳光玫瑰’7个栽培品种果实作为对照。2025年,在葡萄果实成熟期随机采取发育良好且无病虫害的果实,立即置于液氮中速冻,保存于-80 ℃超低温冰箱中备用,每个样本设置3个生物学重复。
葡萄果肉经液氮研磨后,称取5 g样品,按照1﹕10(g·mL-1)加入80%甲醇提取液后,4 ℃浸提48 h,浸提期间多次混匀,4 ℃离心10 min,取上清液备用。取1 mL上清液,加入0.3 mL浓度为70%的亚硝酸钠溶液,充分振荡,静置6 min;之后加入0.3 mL浓度为10%的硝酸铝溶液,充分振荡,静置6 min;最后加入4 mL浓度4%的氢氧化钠溶液,充分振荡,静置15 min,然后用蒸馏水定容至10 mL,在510 nm下测定吸光值。将吸光值带入标准曲线y=0.9002x+0.0186,计算上清液中总类黄酮的质量浓度,最后计算得到总类黄酮的含量。
将‘钟山红玉’(ZSHY)、‘南19’(N19)、‘南30’(N30)和‘玫瑰香’(MGX)4个不同品种的葡萄果肉样品进行类黄酮靶向代谢组学检测。检测工作由武汉迈维代谢生物科技股份有限公司完成。将葡萄果肉真空冷冻干燥后于球磨仪(MM400 Retsch)内研磨至粉状(30 Hz,1.5 min),称取20 mg粉末融于500 µL浓度为70%的甲醇溶液,随后进行30 min超声(KQ5200E昆山舒美)和离心(5242 R Eppendorf)(离心条件为4 ℃,5 min,12 000 r/min),并用0.22 µm滤膜过滤上清液,用于液相色谱(ExionLC™ AD)和串联质谱(QTRAP® 6500+)分析(UPLC-MS/MS)。2 µL样品经Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 µm)分离,流动相A、B分别为含有0.05%甲酸的超纯水和乙腈,洗脱梯度设为0 min A/B(VA/VB)=90﹕10,1 min( 80﹕20),9 min(30﹕70),12 min(5﹕95),13.5 min(5﹕95),13.6 min(90﹕10),16 min(90﹕10),设置流速为0.35 mL·min-1,柱温40 ℃。质谱信号条件采集采用正离子和负离子模式。基于MWDB数据库(Metware database)和三重四级杆质谱的多反应监测模式(multiple reaction monitoring)分别进行定性和定量分析。差异代谢物筛选标准为VIP>1、fold change≥2和fold change≤ 0.5。每个品种包括3个生物学重复。
采用RNA提取试剂盒提取葡萄果肉总RNA,每组3个生物学重复。文库构建及转录组测序工作由北京芸归生物科技有限公司完成。用带Oligo dT磁珠从总RNA中纯化mRNA片段化后,合成双链cDNA。经末端修复、加A尾、接头连接、片段选择、扩增和纯化得到文库,质检合格后进行上机测序。采用fastp软件对原始数据进行质量预处理,获得高质量数据(clean reads),利用hisat 2将clean reads与葡萄参考基因组(Ensembl_Vitis-vinifera.12X)进行序列比对,获取reads比对率。利用DESeq2软件基于原始计数(raw counts)矩阵进行标准化和差异表达基因分析,采用负二项分布检验进行差异显著性检验,以校正后P-value<0.05且|log2 fold change|>1为差异表达基因的筛选标准。通过FPKM值表示基因的表达量,并用于表达模式可视化分析。
GO和KEGG注释和富集分析使用TBtools软件完成,通过迈维代谢云平台将分析数据实现结果可视化。为控制多重检验的假阳性率,原始P值采用Benjamini-Hochberg(BH)法进行校正,获得校正后P值(Adjust P-value),筛选标准为Adjust P-value<0.05。
葡萄果肉RNA提取方法与上述一致,反转录为cDNA用于后续实时荧光定量试验。利用Primer3 Plus(https://www.primer3plus.com/)设计引物及NCBI(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)进行Primer blast,保证引物的特异性。引物序列见表1。反应程序:95 ℃预变性30 s;95 ℃变性15 s,60 ℃ 30 s;95 ℃退火及延伸15 s,60 ℃ 1 min,95 ℃ 1 s。使用2-ΔΔCT法计算,并用Prism 10进行统计学分析。每个品种包括3个生物学重复和3个技术重复。
试验数据用Excel进行整理和分析,GO富集、KEGG富集和相关性分析使用迈维代谢云平台(https://cloud.metware.cn/)作图。RT-qPCR数据用Prism 10进行统计学分析并作图。
图1可知,不同品种的类黄酮含量存在显著差异(P<0.05)。‘钟山红玉’(ZSHY)及其自交后代中红肉种质的类黄酮含量普遍较高,显著高于白肉后代及鲜食葡萄种质。其中,‘南19’(N19)的类黄酮含量最高,显著高于其他品种(P<0.001);栽培品种中,‘意大利’和‘美人指’的类黄酮含量较高,‘玫瑰香’和‘金手指’的含量中等,‘阳光玫瑰’的含量最低。自交后代中白肉种质的类黄酮含量相对较低,显著低于红肉种质,与鲜食葡萄种质差异较小,显示出类黄酮含量的过渡性特征。表明红肉性状可能与类黄酮的富集相关。为进一步研究果肉中类黄酮的积累特征,选择‘ZSHY’(红肉)及其自交后代‘N19’(红肉)和‘N30’(白肉),以及葡萄育种中作为直接亲本使用频数最高的栽培品种‘玫瑰香’,进行后续代谢组学和转录组学分析。
主成分分析(PCA)表明,质控样本聚类明显,试验稳定性良好,数据质量可靠,各组别内部呈现聚集特征,‘ZSHY’和‘N19’之间分离明显,具有较好的区分性;‘N30’和‘MGX’聚集说明两者的类黄酮代谢谱相似(图2-A)。共检测到104种显著性的类黄酮代谢物,其中占比较高的是黄酮醇29种、黄酮15种、黄烷醇类10种和二氢黄酮10种(图2-B)。
为比较新种质和栽培品种、亲代和子代之间的差异,本研究将ZSHY_vs_MGX、N30_vs_ZSHY、N19_vs_ MGX和N30_vs_N19四个组别进行比较,差异代谢物结果(DEMs)显示(图2-C),N19_vs_MGX共筛选上调代谢物74个,下调代谢物9个;ZSHY_vs_MGX共筛选到上调代谢物71个,下调代谢物9个;表明红肉种质的类黄酮代谢物明显上调,这与其富含更多类黄酮代谢物的结论相符。N30_vs_N19共筛选到上调代谢物5个,下调代谢物78个;N30_vs_ZSHY共筛选到上调代谢物7个,下调代谢物69个(图2-C);表明差异代谢物的变化模式发生逆转,主要表现为广泛的下调。综上,不同果肉颜色的后代种质在代谢物组成和含量中存在差异,类黄酮代谢物变化与果肉颜色存在关联。2.2.2 核心类黄酮差异代谢物的KEGG富集分析 本研究在上述差异代谢物基础上通过筛选在亲本‘ZSHY’和红肉子代‘N19’中丰度较高,白肉子代‘N30’和栽培品种‘MGX’中丰度较低的类黄酮代谢物并进行Venn分析,进一步鉴定到62个显著差异的核心类黄酮代谢物(图3-A)。KEGG通路富集分析结果显示(图3-B),这些差异类黄酮代谢物富集于黄酮、黄酮醇以及类黄酮关键合成通路,所涉及的主要代谢物包括花旗松素、槲皮素-3-O-槐糖、(-)-表儿茶素、根皮苷、芒柄花苷、二氢山奈酚、金圣草黄素、(-)-表阿夫儿茶精、西伯利亚落叶松黄酮、槲皮素、芦丁、杨梅素、山柰酚-3-O-槐糖苷、乔松素、根皮素以及五羟黄酮。基于上述核心类黄酮代谢物的丰度数据,进一步绘制层次聚类热图(图3-C),系统性显示不同比较组间代谢物积累模式的差异。
为探究类黄酮代谢特征,进一步为类黄酮合成提供调控线索,对‘ZSHY’‘N19’‘N30’和‘MGX’4个葡萄品种的果肉样本进行转录组学测序分析。样本为有参转录组测序,共获得83.04 Gb的Clean datas,各样本的有效数据量介于6.7—7.05 Gb,特异性比对率介于83.65%—88.42%(表2)。主成分分析结果显示(图4-A),第一主成分和第二主成分分别解释了52.47%和12.88%的差异,同一品种的生物学重复在PCA图中聚集紧密,表明重复性好,而不同品种间样品明显分离,说明各品种在转录水平上存在显著差异,为后续差异表达基因的筛选与分析提供了可靠依据。
为系统解析转录水平的差异,本研究选择与代谢组学相同的比较策略,设置N30_vs_ZSHY、ZSHY_vs_ MGX、N30_vs_N19和N19_vs_MGX四个组别进行差异表达基因(DEGs)分析。结果显示(图4-B),各比较组间均存在大量DEGs:N30_vs_ZSHY中共鉴定到4 259个DEGs,其中上调基因1 704个,下调基因2 555个;ZSHY_vs_MGX中共鉴定到3 818个DEGs,其中上调基因2 355个,下调基因1 463个;N30_vs_N19共鉴定到4 674个DEGs,其中上调基因1 662个,下调基因3 012个;N19_vs_MGX中共鉴定到5 096个DEGs,其中上调基因3 138个,下调基因1 958个。综合分析表明,红肉种质与常规品种的比较组N19_vs_MGX和ZSHY_vs_MGX中上调基因数量明显高于下调基因,而白肉子代与红肉种质的比较组N30_vs_N19和N30_vs_ZSHY则呈现相反趋势,下调基因数量明显提高。以上基因表达的变化模式与代谢组中差异代谢物类黄酮的丰度变化趋势高度一致,进一步从转录层面印证了红肉种质在类黄酮代谢通路上可能发生的广泛的表达促进。将各组别的DEGs进行Venn分析,共筛选并鉴定到1 098个DEGs(图4-C)。基于DEGs的FPKM变化作聚类热图分析(图4-D),结果显示组别之间层次聚类明显,说明各组别间DEGs的表达水平差异显著。为进一步确认红肉葡萄种质及其遗传背景间的转录调控特征,统计在ZSHY_ vs_MGX与N19_vs_MGX中上调,同时在N30_vs_ ZSHY和N30_vs_N19下调的DEGs,共筛选到758个核心差异表达基因(图4-E)。该类基因集中在红肉种质中表达增强,而在白肉子代中表达受到抑制,提示它们可能在类黄酮生物合成与调控中发挥关键作用。
为探究差异表达基因(DEGs)的生物学功能,本研究对筛选到的758个DEGs进行GO富集和KEGG富集分析。GO富集分析结果显示,这些基因在生物学过程、细胞组分和分子功能3个类别中均显著富集(图5)。在生物学过程类别中,富集程度最高的前十项条目主要包括黄酮生物合成、黄酮代谢和次生代谢过程;在细胞组分类别中,显著富集的条目涉及植物型细胞壁、细胞外围等结构;在分子功能类别中,核心基因则显著富集于谷胱甘肽转移酶活性、氧化还原酶活性、O-甲基转移酶活性等功能条目中。综上,核心差异表达基因广泛参与类黄酮及其衍生物的合成与代谢过程。
KEGG通路富集分析(图6)显示,这些差异基因主要富集于黄酮和黄酮醇生物合成、类黄酮生物合成、苯丙烷类生物合成和聚酮化合物生物合成蛋白等通路中。该结果与GO富集分析高度吻合,说明与类黄酮合成相关的基因簇在红肉葡萄新种质‘钟山红玉’及其自交后代间发生了显著的表达变化。
通过对差异表达基因(DEGs)的GO与KEGG通路富集分析,发现在类黄酮通路中存在显著的基因表达变化。共筛选到30个类黄酮合成相关结构基因(表3),这些基因构成了类黄酮合成途径的关键酶编码基因网络,具体包括1个苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因(VvPAL)、1个肉桂酸-4-羟化酶基因(VvCYP73A4)、2个4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶基因(Vv4CL2)、7个查尔酮合成酶基因(VvCHS)、1个查尔酮合成酶样蛋白基因(VvCHIL2)、1个查尔酮异构酶基因(VvCHI)、1个莽草酸O-羟基肉桂酰转移酶基因(VvHCT)、2个黄烷酮3′羟化酶基因(VvCYP75B2)、7个类黄酮3′,5′羟基化酶基因(VvCYP75A)、4个类黄酮O-甲基转移酶基因(VvFAOMT)、1个二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶基因(VvDFR)、1个无色花青素双加氧酶基因(VvLDOX)和1个UDP-类黄酮-3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶基因(VvUFGT),这些基因大多注释在类黄酮合成的前体途径与黄酮、黄酮醇等分支生物合成途径。
为深入解析代谢物积累与基因表达之间的调控关系,本研究进一步将代谢组学和转录组学共富集到相同通路(即类黄酮合成途径)中的差异代谢物(DEMs)和差异基因(DEGs)进行关联分析,基于KEGG通路图谱绘制类黄酮合成途径图(图7),结果显示类黄酮合成结构基因的表达量在‘ZSHY’和‘N19’中显著高于‘N30’和‘MGX’;这一转录水平的表达模式与代谢组KEGG富集分析中发现的类黄酮物质的积累趋势呈现一致。
转录因子在类黄酮生物合成的过程中有重要调控作用。通过核心差异表达基因筛选并结合相关性分析(图8-A),共筛选出22个差异表达转录因子与类黄酮合成相关结构基因具有显著相关性(∣r∣≥0.8),这些转录因子分别属于WRKY、MYB、ERF、bZIP、GATA、PUR、MYB-CC、NF-Y和Trihelix等转录因子家族,说明其在类黄酮的合成调控网络中具有重要作用。
为解析类黄酮合成相关结构基因转录调控的关联性,本研究选取上述类黄酮合成相关结构基因起始密码子上游2 000 bp启动子序列,利用PlantCARE(https://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/)对其进行顺式作用元件的分析。结果显示(图8-B),主要的核心顺式作用元件可以分为激素响应元件(如ABRE、TCA-element、TGACG-motif等),环境胁迫及光响应元件(如LTR、DRE、MBS等)以及组织发育响应元件(如CAT-box、O2-site等);此外,还发现与MYB转录因子调控相关的元件,包括与类黄酮合成相关的MYB转录因子调控元件。综上,类黄酮合成结构基因的启动子处于由激素信号、环境胁迫响应以及组织发育特异性共同构成的复杂的多层级调控网络中。
为验证转录组学数据的准确性,本研究随机选取12个类黄酮合成相关结构基因进行实时荧光定量分析(RT-qPCR)验证。结果显示(图9),该12个差异表达基因在‘ZSHY’和‘N19’中的表达水平明显高于‘MGX’和‘N30’,与转录组数据结果基本保持一致,说明转录组数据具有较高的准确性和可靠性。
类黄酮作为葡萄果实中含量最为丰富的次生代谢物,其合成受到遗传背景和环境因素的共同调控,其种类和含量的差异是形成葡萄品种品质多样化的基础[21-22]。近些年,围绕不同葡萄品种类黄酮组分差异的研究日益深入[23-25]。本研究发现不同葡萄品种间果肉类黄酮代谢物含量存在明显的差异,多数类黄酮代谢物(尤其是黄酮醇、黄酮、黄烷醇及二氢黄酮类)在新种质红肉葡萄‘ZSHY’和‘N19’中的含量较高,在‘N30’和‘MGX’中的含量较低,表明类黄酮积累具有品种特异性,该结果与前人的研究结论基本一致。进一步富集分析发现差异类黄酮代谢物主要富集在黄酮、黄酮醇分支合成和类黄酮前体合成通路,包括槲皮素、芦丁和杨梅素等关键组分。
前期研究表明不同品种间类黄酮代谢物具有显著差异。赵一凡等[26]比较‘马贝克’‘马瑟兰’‘美乐’‘小味儿多’以及‘西拉’等5个欧亚种酿酒葡萄品种,发现类黄酮的含量存在较大的差异,‘马贝克’和‘马瑟兰’中黄酮醇和黄烷醇较高,花色苷在除‘美乐’外的品种中含量较高。Degu等[27]利用代谢组学解析了不同葡萄品种中类黄酮组分的差异,发现红肉葡萄中的类黄酮含量显著高于白肉葡萄。Panighel等[28]指出葡萄品种变异是导致类黄酮含量差异的重要因素,高磊[29]解析了‘钟山红玉’与后代出现果肉颜色性状分离的分子机制。韩梅梅等[30]也发现在‘霞多丽’‘赤霞珠’‘美乐’和‘品丽珠’中的黄烷-3-醇含量存在差异,受到基因型的显著影响。本研究发现红肉种质‘ZSHY’和‘N19’中果肉类黄酮的含量明显高于白肉种质‘N30’和‘MGX’,且在后代中出现性状分离,推测是由于遗传因素的影响,葡萄的基因型变化导致类黄酮积累差异。转录组数据进一步印证了上述代谢组的发现。DEGs分析结果呈现出与代谢物完全一致的趋势:在ZSHY_vs_MGX和N19_vs_MGX中,上调基因数量显著多于下调基因;而在白肉子代与红肉种质的比较组(N30_vs_N19和N30_vs_ZSHY)中,则是下调基因占主导。基因表达与代谢物积累的这种高度协同性,提示类黄酮的差异可能主要发生在转录水平调控层面[31]。KEGG富集分析将核心DEGs显著富集到黄酮和黄酮醇生物合成、类黄酮生物合成及苯丙烷类生物合成等通路,这与差异代谢物的富集结果高度吻合。这种多组学联合分析的结果相互验证,清晰地展现出从基因表达到代谢物积累的调控脉络,为深入解析红肉葡萄种质类黄酮差异的分子机制奠定了基础。
类黄酮的生物合成受一系列结构基因的直接控制,其表达水平的高低是决定终产物含量的关键因素[15]。本研究在核心DEGs中成功筛选到30个类黄酮合成相关的结构基因,涵盖了从上游的苯丙烷代谢途径,到下游类黄酮分支途径的多个关键酶基因,它们在‘ZSHY’和‘N19’中的表达量普遍高于在‘N30’和‘MGX’中的表达量。例如,CHS作为类黄酮合成的第一个关键酶基因,其较高的表达量可能为整个途径提供了充足的合成前体[32-33]。本研究还筛选到多个编码类黄酮修饰酶的基因(如VvCYP75AVvFAOMT),它们在不同品种中的差异表达可能解释了不同品种间黄酮醇、黄酮等物质的羟基化、甲基化修饰的差异,从而影响其最终的化学结构和生物活性[34-35]
葡萄中,转录因子调控结构基因的表达是调控类黄酮合成的主要因素[6,14-15],同时也受到激素信号和环境因子的调控,它们共同构成复杂网络的精密调控[36]。本研究通过相关性分析,筛选出22个与上述结构基因表达显著相关的转录因子,分属于WRKY、MYB、ERF、bZIP等多个家族。调控类黄酮生物合成的转录因子中,MYB家族被认为是最关键的一类,其通常与bHLH和WD40蛋白形成MBW复合体发挥作用,共同调控下游结构基因的表达[36-37],Xu等[38]研究表明在MBW复合体中MYB起主要调控作用。本研究筛选到的差异MYB转录因子,很可能在调控类黄酮合成的结构基因表达中起核心作用。此外,WRKY和ERF家族转录因子也被报道参与植物次生代谢调控和逆境响应过程,它们可能通过响应特定信号来协同或拮抗MYB的调控功能[39-40]。上述发现进一步揭示了类黄酮代谢调控网络的复杂性,并为解析不同种质类黄酮积累差异的转录调控机制提供了新的线索。
为了进一步探究类黄酮结构基因的调控方式,本研究对其启动子区域进行了顺式作用元件分析。结果显示,这些基因的启动子上除了含有基本的转录起始元件外,还富含响应激素、环境胁迫和组织特异性表达的元件,同时发现含有MYB转录因子识别并结合的元件。这一发现为上述转录因子调控这些类黄酮合成结构基因的表达提供了潜在位点。例如,高磊[29]的研究解析了VvMYBA1发生可变剪切体的突变,能抑制结构基因的表达。本研究‘N30’和‘MGX’中这些基因的低表达,结合前人的研究报道,推测是由于其调控网络中的某个或多个关键节点(如MYB等)发生突变或未被激活。反之,在‘ZSHY’与‘N19’中表达量高的结构基因,可能是由于其上游转录因子的激活,这些转录因子通过识别并结合到结构基因启动子区的特定元件上,从而启动或增强其转录,引起类黄酮代谢物的高效合成与积累。本研究系统解析了红肉葡萄种质果肉类黄酮生物合成的代谢积累特征,并提供了转录调控线索,为葡萄新种质的选育与品质改良提供了参考依据。
基于代谢组学与转录组学的联合分析,发现红肉葡萄与其自交后代之间在类黄酮代谢方面存在显著差异。差异代谢物主要富集于黄酮、黄酮醇以及类黄酮前体生物合成等代谢通路。同时,类黄酮生物合成相关结构基因的表达水平与相应代谢物的积累量呈正相关关系,揭示类黄酮的代谢积累与其转录调控密切相关。
  • 山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2026A08)
  • 国家葡萄产业技术体系(CARS-29)
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2026年第59卷第16期
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doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.013
  • 接收时间:2026-04-25
  • 首发时间:2026-09-03
  • 出版时间:2026-08-16
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  • 收稿日期:2026-04-25
  • 录用日期:2026-06-26
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山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2026A08)
国家葡萄产业技术体系(CARS-29)
作者信息
    1 山东省葡萄研究院/济南市果品品质调控与精深加工重点实验室, 济南 250100
    2 北京林业大学林学院, 北京 100083
    3 南京农业大学园艺学院, 南京 210095

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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