Article(id=1302192609661841700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, issueId=1302192562882761358, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1761408000000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1763740800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-11-22, onlineDate=1788396511711, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1786809600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788396511711, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788396511711, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788396511711, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302192562882761358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, year='2026', volume='59', issue='16', pageStart='3465', pageEnd='3698', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786809600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-16', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788396500558, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405251849, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302229268860264480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, issueId=1302192562882761358, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302229268860264481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, issueId=1302192562882761358, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3605, endPage=3620, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302192611134042405, articleId=1302192609661841700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, language=EN, title=Reducing Nitrogen Footprint of Maize Production with Intercropping Green Manure, Nitrogen Reduction, and Sesbania Biochar, columnId=1302192608567120828, journalTitle=Scientia Agricultura Sinica, columnName=SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【Objective】 Intercropping maize with leguminous green manure can achieve fertilizer conservation and efficiency improvement. Biochar application is an effective measure to mitigate gaseous nitrogen loss form farmland. However, the impacts of nitrogen reduction under intercropping green manure combined with the biochar application on gaseous nitrogen loss and the system’s nitrogen footprint remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate this comprehensive practice to provide a technical approach for the green maize production in oasis irrigation areas of Northwest China. 【Method】 A two-factor field experiment was set up in 2021 at Wuwei Oasis Agricultural Experimental Station in Gansu Province. The experiment employed a two-factorial design. The main factor was nitrogen application system, including conventional nitrogen application (N100), 30% nitrogen reduction (N70), and 30% nitrogen reduction combined with sesbania biochar (N70S). The second factors were cropping patterns, including maize monoculture (MM) and maize intercropping with common vetch (IMC). Six treatments were formed: N100-MM, N100-IMC, N70-MM, N70-IMC, N70S-MM, and N70S-IMC. From 2024 to 2025, maize yield, nitrogen absorption and soil physicochemical properties were measured, nitrous oxide emission and ammonia volatilization were monitored, and the nitrogen footprint of the system was quantified by life cycle assessment method. 【Result】 Compared with N100, N70 decreased maize grain yield, aboveground biomass and nitrogen absorption by 7.9%, 6.1% and 4.7%, respectively. In contrast, N70S increased grain yield and biomass by 8.6% and 2.7%, respectively. IMC increased the yield by 3.8% compared with MM. Notably, N70S-IMC increased grain yield, aboveground biomass and nitrogen absorption by 12.6%, 4.3% and 4.0%, respectively, compared with N100-MM. The N70 reduced cumulative N2O emissions and NH3 volatilization by 16.0% to 25.2% and 9.9% to 24.7%, respectively, relative to N100. The N70S further reduced these emissions by 24.8% to 27.7% and 17.6% to 43.9%, respectively. Compared with N100-MM, N70-IMC and N70S-IMC reduced cumulative N2O emissions by 12.1% to 20.1% and 20.1% to 35.8% and NH3 volatilization by 15.3% to 24.3% and 11.2% to 20.1%, respectively. Soil analysis showed that, compared with N100-MM, N70-IMC decreased soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and microbial nitrogen (MBN) by 17.6%, 15.6%, and 9.6%, respectively. While N70S-IMC decreased NH4+-N and soluble organic nitrogen (DON) by 15.6% and 7.3%, respectively, but increased total nitrogen (TN) and MBN by 3.9% and 25.0%, respectively. Random forest analysis indicated that soil NO3--N, NH4+-N, MBN and DON were the key factors driving N2O emissions, while NH3 volatilization was mainly driven by NO3--N, NH4+-N and TN. Life cycle assessment indicated that the nitrogen footprint under N70-IMC and N70S-IMC was decreased by 28.9% and 39.7%, respectively, compared with the N100-MM. Furthermore, the nitrogen footprint of the N70S-IMC treatment was 10.4% lower than that under N70-MM. 【Conclusion】 The combination of maize-green manure intercropping, 30% nitrogen reduction, and sesbania biochar application increased grain yield and nitrogen absorption, improved key soil properties, and lowered N2O emissions, NH3 volatilization, and the system’s nitrogen footprint, which was an effective path for green and sustainable maize production in the Northwest Oasis Irrigation District.

, authors=JiaJia WU1, Rui LIU1, XinYan LI1, JiuDong ZHANG2, DanNa CHANG3, WeiDong CAO3, authorsList=JiaJia WU, Rui LIU, XinYan LI, JiuDong ZHANG, DanNa CHANG, WeiDong CAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1302192613415743798, articleId=1302192609661841700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, language=CN, title=间作绿肥下减氮并配施生物炭降低玉米生产氮足迹, columnId=1302192608739087294, journalTitle=中国农业科学, columnName=土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】 玉米间作豆科绿肥能够实现节肥增效,施用生物炭是减少农田气态氮损失的有效措施。然而,关于间作绿肥下减氮并配施生物炭对氮素气态损失及系统氮足迹的影响尚不明确。为此,本研究通过田间试验,明确该模式对氮素气态损失与系统氮足迹的综合影响,为西北绿洲灌区玉米生产的绿色发展提供技术途径。【方法】 于2021年在甘肃武威绿洲农业试验站开始设置田间试验,双因素设计,主因素为施氮制度,包括常规施氮(N100),减氮30%(N70),减氮30%配施田菁生物炭(N70S)。副因素为种植模式,分别为玉米单作(MM)和玉米间作箭筈豌豆(IMC)。共形成6个处理:N100-MM、N100-IMC、N70-MM、N70-IMC、N70S-MM、N70S-IMC。测定2024—2025年玉米产量、氮素吸收及土壤理化性状,同步监测氧化亚氮(N2O)排放与氨(NH3)挥发,并采用生命周期评价法量化系统氮足迹。【结果】 相比常规施氮,减氮30%玉米籽粒产量、地上部生物量和氮素累积量分别降低7.9%、6.1%和4.7%;而配施田菁生物炭籽粒产量和地上部生物量分别增加8.6%和2.7%。玉米间作绿肥较单作增产3.8%。N70S-IMC较N100-MM处理产量、生物量和氮素累积量分别增加了12.6%、4.3%和4.0%。减氮30%处理的N2O和NH3累积排放量分别降低16.0%—25.2%和9.9%—24.7%,配施田菁生物炭处理分别降低24.8%—27.7%和17.6%—43.9%。相比N100-MM,N70-IMC处理的N2O和NH3累积排放量分别降低了12.1%—20.1%和11.2%—20.1%,N70S-IMC处理分别降低15.3%—24.3%和20.1%—35.8%。N70-IMC较N100-MM处理土壤铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)和微生物量氮(MBN)分别降低17.6%、15.6%和9.6%,N70S-IMC处理土壤NH4+-N和可溶性有机氮(DON)分别降低15.6%和7.3%,全氮(TN)和MBN分别增加3.9%和25.0%。随机森林分析表明,土壤NO3--N、NH4+-N、MBN和DON是驱动N2O排放的关键因子,而NH3挥发主要受NO3--N、NH4+-N和全氮驱动。生命周期评价表明,相比N100-MM处理,N70-IMC和N70S-IMC处理的氮足迹分别降低28.9%和39.7%,N70S-IMC较N70-IMC处理氮足迹降低了10.4%。【结论】 玉米间作绿肥减氮30%配施田菁生物炭能够增加玉米产量和氮素吸收,改善土壤理化性状,降低N2O排放、NH3挥发及系统氮足迹,是西北绿洲灌区玉米绿色可持续生产的有效路径。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of partial replacement of chemical nitrogen fertilizers with green manure on soil physical properties and maize (Zea mays) yield, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1302192632457884107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=34, issue=2, pageStart=196, pageEnd=210, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=70, authorNames=刘蕊, 常单娜, 周国朋, 高嵩涓, 柴强, 曹卫东, journalName=草业学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘蕊, 常单娜, 周国朋, 高嵩涓, 柴强, 曹卫东. 农田氧化亚氮减排技术及其与绿肥协同应用分析[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(2): 196-210., articleTitle=农田氧化亚氮减排技术及其与绿肥协同应用分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1302192632524992972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=34, issue=2, pageStart=196, pageEnd=210, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=71, authorNames=Liu R, Chang D N, Zhou G P, Gao S J, Chai Q, Cao W D, journalName=Acta Prataculturae Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu R, Chang D N, Zhou G P, Gao S J, Chai Q, Cao W D. Techniques of N2O emission reduction in farmland and their synergistic application with green manure[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(2): 196-210. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Techniques of N2O emission reduction in farmland and their synergistic application with green manure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1302192632759873997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=36, issue=8, pageStart=1089, pageEnd=1096, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=72, authorNames=胡立煌, 史文竹, 项剑, 王艮梅, 张焕朝, journalName=生态与农村环境学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡立煌, 史文竹, 项剑, 王艮梅, 张焕朝. 生物炭、秸秆和粪肥对滨海盐碱土氮矿化和硝化作用的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(8): 1089-1096., articleTitle=生物炭、秸秆和粪肥对滨海盐碱土氮矿化和硝化作用的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1302192632843760078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=36, issue=8, pageStart=1089, pageEnd=1096, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=73, authorNames=Hu L H, Shi W Z, Xiang J, Wang G M, Zhang H C, journalName=Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu L H, Shi W Z, Xiang J, Wang G M, Zhang H C. Effects of biochar, straw and manure fertilizer on nitrogen mineralization and nitrification of coastal saline-alkali soil[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(8): 1089-1096. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of biochar, straw and manure fertilizer on nitrogen mineralization and nitrification of coastal saline-alkali soil, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1302192624400626048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, awardId=2021YFD1700200, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700200), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1302192624467734913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, awardId=CARS-22, language=CN, fundingSource=国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1302192624568398210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=中国农业科学院科技创新工程, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1302192613692567863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192613705150776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192613692567863, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, Shanxi), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192613717733689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192613692567863, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 山西农业大学资源环境学院, 山西太谷 030800)]), AuthorCompany(id=1302192615378678074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192615387066683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192615378678074, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water-Saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192615399649596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192615378678074, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所, 兰州 730070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1302192615483535677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192615491924286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192615483535677, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China, Beijing 100081), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192615500312895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192615483535677, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室, 北京 100081)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1302192620759970156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Information of spatial arrangement of maize monoculture and maize intercropped with green manure systems, figureFileSmall=uOrvZUYdf3T/sYGVGmmJJw==, figureFileBig=0Vi60xZG97COCpf4vK+y6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192620839661933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=图1, caption=玉米单作和玉米间作绿肥模式田间布置参数, figureFileSmall=uOrvZUYdf3T/sYGVGmmJJw==, figureFileBig=0Vi60xZG97COCpf4vK+y6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621099708782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Grain yield, biomass and nitrogen accumulation in 2024 and 2025

MM: Maize monoculture; IMC: Maize intercropping with green manure; N100: Conventional N; N70: 70% chemical; N70S: 70% chemical N combined with sesbania biochar; N: Nitrogen application regime; C: Cropping pattern; N×C: Interaction between nitrogen application regime and cropping patterns. Significant differences among different lowercase letters represent significant differences among treatments (n=6, P<0.05), and significant differences among different capital letters represent significant differences among N fertilizer systems (n=3, P<0.05). *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001. The same as below

, figureFileSmall=laT9neuIlq/3XKDOHa2G/w==, figureFileBig=mqUKOUzJQS6z/H8S3ywIZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621212954991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=图2, caption=玉米籽粒产量、生物量和氮素累积量(2024—2025年)

MM:玉米单作;IMC:玉米间作绿肥;N100:常规施氮;N70:减氮30%;N70S:减氮30%配施田菁生物炭;N:施氮制度;C:种植模式;N×C:施氮制度与种植模式间的交互作用。图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(n=6,P<0.05),不同大写字母代表施氮制度间差异显著(n=3,P<0.05)。*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01;***:P<0.001。下同

, figureFileSmall=laT9neuIlq/3XKDOHa2G/w==, figureFileBig=mqUKOUzJQS6z/H8S3ywIZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621317812592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=N2O emission fluxes under different treatments, figureFileSmall=InmG6mTe/LNfuzyvMCQ/oQ==, figureFileBig=AJFXWu+owjIXHxpDN8rgSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621389115761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同处理下N2O排放通量, figureFileSmall=InmG6mTe/LNfuzyvMCQ/oQ==, figureFileBig=AJFXWu+owjIXHxpDN8rgSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621460418930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Cumulative N2O emissions under different treatments, figureFileSmall=4v+8nwvzkFrvMxMSofPxKA==, figureFileBig=kKe21YvV8GwgyLHOK/TXLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621535916403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同处理N2O累积排放量, figureFileSmall=4v+8nwvzkFrvMxMSofPxKA==, figureFileBig=kKe21YvV8GwgyLHOK/TXLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621598830964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=NH3 volatilization rate under different treatments, figureFileSmall=eCOvpI2f2tUOFkEX7b3Zcg==, figureFileBig=zUQcPo+QFJu4qwXsNaWHDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621665939829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同处理NH3 挥发速率, figureFileSmall=eCOvpI2f2tUOFkEX7b3Zcg==, figureFileBig=zUQcPo+QFJu4qwXsNaWHDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621733048694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=NH3 volatilization accumulation under different treatments, figureFileSmall=VSOoAE9Nd9mZ7HP3u1ogmg==, figureFileBig=WoK2cuKMPLKoqWkqDoNggQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621833711991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同处理NH3累积挥发量, figureFileSmall=VSOoAE9Nd9mZ7HP3u1ogmg==, figureFileBig=WoK2cuKMPLKoqWkqDoNggQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621909209464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Mantel Test and Random Forest Model of the relationship between N2O emissions, NH3 volatilization and environmental factors

Soil nutrients represent the two-year average, and the emissions of N2O and NH3 are the two-year average cumulative emissions. SOM: Organic matter; TN: Total nitrogen; AP: Available phosphorus; AK: Available potassium; MBC: Microbial carbon; MBN: Microbial nitrogen; DOC: Soluble organic carbon; DON: Soluble organic nitrogen

, figureFileSmall=5eIjg4rceQ1FQF3Ppf74Eg==, figureFileBig=5Cz2KezQOLAj1+rZJYpJMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621988901241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=图7, caption=N2O排放量、NH3挥发量与土壤环境因子之间的Mantel分析和随机森林模型

土壤养分为两年平均值,N2O和NH3是两年平均累积排放量。SOM:有机质;TN:全氮;AP:有效磷;AK:有效钾;MBC:微生物量碳;MBN:微生物量氮;DOC:可溶性有机碳;DON:可溶性有机氮

, figureFileSmall=5eIjg4rceQ1FQF3Ppf74Eg==, figureFileBig=5Cz2KezQOLAj1+rZJYpJMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192622093758842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Nitrogen footprint under different treatments (average for 2024-2025), figureFileSmall=4xMkiL3DeDpgBiM6Yws7CQ==, figureFileBig=0aMuRHwXr5qx7xHBX8oN5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192622177644923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同处理中氮足迹(2024—2025年平均值), figureFileSmall=4xMkiL3DeDpgBiM6Yws7CQ==, figureFileBig=0aMuRHwXr5qx7xHBX8oN5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192622290891132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Active nitrogen emission co-efficient of agricultural input data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
投入
Input
单位
Unit
活性氮损失系数
Cumulative reactive N losses (kg N-eq·kg-1)
来源
Source
氮肥N fertilizer kg N 7.15×10-3 [29]
磷肥P fertilizer kg P2O5 1.83×10-4
除草剂Herbicide kg 4.69×10-3
杀虫剂Insecticide kg 4.69×10-3
农膜Agricultural film kg N-eq·kg-1 1.2×10-4
柴油Diesel L 2.86×10-2
灌溉用电Irrigation electricity kWh 1.97×10-3
生物炭Biochar kg N-eq·t-1 -1.26 [30]
), ArticleFig(id=1302192622408331645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

农业投入数据的活性氮损失系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
投入
Input
单位
Unit
活性氮损失系数
Cumulative reactive N losses (kg N-eq·kg-1)
来源
Source
氮肥N fertilizer kg N 7.15×10-3 [29]
磷肥P fertilizer kg P2O5 1.83×10-4
除草剂Herbicide kg 4.69×10-3
杀虫剂Insecticide kg 4.69×10-3
农膜Agricultural film kg N-eq·kg-1 1.2×10-4
柴油Diesel L 2.86×10-2
灌溉用电Irrigation electricity kWh 1.97×10-3
生物炭Biochar kg N-eq·t-1 -1.26 [30]
), ArticleFig(id=1302192622517383550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Soil physicochemical properties under different treatments in 2024 and 2025

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
Year
施氮制度
Fertilization system
种植模式
Cropping pattern
pH 有机质
SOM
(g·kg-1)
全氮
TN
(g·kg-1)
有效磷
AP
(mg·kg-1)
速效钾
AK
(mg·kg-1)
铵态氮
NH4+-N
(mg·kg-1)
硝态氮
NO3--N
(mg·kg-1)
可溶性有机碳
DOC
(mg·kg-1)
可溶性有机氮
DON
(mg·kg-1)
微生物量碳
MBC
(mg·kg-1)
微生物量氮
MBN
(mg·kg-1)
2024 N100 MM 8.33±0.01b C 24.9±0.7ab A
1.3±0.2c B
23.9±1.6a A
78.8±3.3a A 1.3±0.7b A
15.3±0.9b A
112.7±0.5b A
43.5±0.6b A
102.1±2.8c B
32.9±1.0b A
IMC 8.27±0.02c 25.7±0.4a 1.3±0.1b 24.8±0.7a 77.3±2.8a 1.4±0.1a 17.9±0.8a 118.1±3.3a 45.7±0.7a 111.9±7.0b 37.1±1.6a
N70 MM 8.31±0.04bc B 24.2±0.2b B
1.3±0.1d C
20.0±0.4b B
74.7±4.6a A
0.9±0.1d B
10.5±0.4d B
97.1±1.3c B
38.7±0.7e B
90.2±0.4d C
26.1±0.7d B
IMC 8.47±0.03a 24.6±0.6ab 1.3±0.1c 21.3±1.6ab 78.5±3.0a 1.1±0.1c 13.0±0.8c 108.5±1.2b 41.9±1.4c 94.7±1.8d 29.8±1.0c
N70S MM 8.48±0.01a A 25.3±0.3ab A
1.4±0.1b A
22.5±3.2ab A
79.2±2.3a A
1.0±0.1d B
11.8±0.9cd B
101.4±1.6c B
39.6±0.8de B
109.2±3.4b A
28.1±0.7c B
IMC 8.47±0.01a 25.3±1.0ab 1.4±0.1a 23.8±2.1a 75.7±1.0a 1.1±0.1c 14.8±0.5b 108.1±5.2b 40.6±0.4cd 127.6±4.8a 32.6±0.6b
双因素方差分析 Two-way analysis of variance
N 78.478*** 4.425* 72.058*** 6.51* 0.365 33.977*** 68.65*** 38.142*** 77.560*** 40.365*** 159.084***
C 6.648* 1.645 27.333*** 1.807 0.073 19.374*** 61.437*** 38.519*** 26.094*** 38.371*** 81.562***
N×C 35.836*** 0.606 1.21 0.024 2.323 0.036 0.241 2.146 0.932 1.358 0.144
2025 N100 MM 8.45±0.01a A 23.8±0.7ab A
1.2±0.3a A 25.0±0.6a A
76.5±2.3a A 1.5±0.1ab A
16.6±0.9b A
95.7±0.5b A
38.8±0.5b A
106.9±2.8cd B 39.9±1.2b A
IMC 8.39±0.02a 24.5±0.4a 1.2±0.5a 25.9±2.7a 75.0±1.1a 1.6±0.2a 19.6±0.9a 100.4±2.9a 41.0±0.7a 116.7±7.0b 45.1±2.0a
N70 MM 8.42±0.04a A 23.1±0.2b B
1.2±1.0a A 19.7±2.6b B
72.4±4.7a A
1.2±0.2bc B
11.5±0.5d B
82.1±1.1c B
34.1±0.7d B
105.0±0.4d B 31.5±0.8d B
IMC 8.41±0.15a 23.4±0.6ab 1.2±0.3a 22.3±1.6ab 76.2±2.1a 1.2±0.2c 14.1±0.9c 92.1±1.0b 37.2±1.4b 105.5±4.1d 36.1±1.2c
N70S MM 8.49±0.09a A 24.2±0.3ab A
1.2±0.3a A
23.5±1.1ab A
76.8±1.3a A
1.1±0.1c B
12.9±0.9cd B
85.8±1.4c B
35.0±0.8c B
113.9±3.4b A 34.0±0.8c B
IMC 8.44±0.03a 24.2±1.0ab 1.3±0.1a 24.8±1.0a 73.3±0.8a 1.3±0.1bc 16.2±0.6b 91.7±4.5b 36.0±0.4c 132.4±4.8a 39.5±0.7b
双因素方差分析 Two-way analysis of variance
N 0.001 6.6455* 0.618 13.165** 0.659 16.019*** 128.874*** 65.884*** 79.260*** 7.125* 138.274***
C 2.053 1.548 1.082 1.816 0.67 3.561 56.548*** 29.397*** 22.436*** 30.166*** 78.611***
N×C 0.251 0.339 0.07 0.515 2.205 0.715 0.115 3.908 0.283 3.623 0.384
), ArticleFig(id=1302192622672572799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同处理中土壤理化性状(2024-2025年)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
Year
施氮制度
Fertilization system
种植模式
Cropping pattern
pH 有机质
SOM
(g·kg-1)
全氮
TN
(g·kg-1)
有效磷
AP
(mg·kg-1)
速效钾
AK
(mg·kg-1)
铵态氮
NH4+-N
(mg·kg-1)
硝态氮
NO3--N
(mg·kg-1)
可溶性有机碳
DOC
(mg·kg-1)
可溶性有机氮
DON
(mg·kg-1)
微生物量碳
MBC
(mg·kg-1)
微生物量氮
MBN
(mg·kg-1)
2024 N100 MM 8.33±0.01b C 24.9±0.7ab A
1.3±0.2c B
23.9±1.6a A
78.8±3.3a A 1.3±0.7b A
15.3±0.9b A
112.7±0.5b A
43.5±0.6b A
102.1±2.8c B
32.9±1.0b A
IMC 8.27±0.02c 25.7±0.4a 1.3±0.1b 24.8±0.7a 77.3±2.8a 1.4±0.1a 17.9±0.8a 118.1±3.3a 45.7±0.7a 111.9±7.0b 37.1±1.6a
N70 MM 8.31±0.04bc B 24.2±0.2b B
1.3±0.1d C
20.0±0.4b B
74.7±4.6a A
0.9±0.1d B
10.5±0.4d B
97.1±1.3c B
38.7±0.7e B
90.2±0.4d C
26.1±0.7d B
IMC 8.47±0.03a 24.6±0.6ab 1.3±0.1c 21.3±1.6ab 78.5±3.0a 1.1±0.1c 13.0±0.8c 108.5±1.2b 41.9±1.4c 94.7±1.8d 29.8±1.0c
N70S MM 8.48±0.01a A 25.3±0.3ab A
1.4±0.1b A
22.5±3.2ab A
79.2±2.3a A
1.0±0.1d B
11.8±0.9cd B
101.4±1.6c B
39.6±0.8de B
109.2±3.4b A
28.1±0.7c B
IMC 8.47±0.01a 25.3±1.0ab 1.4±0.1a 23.8±2.1a 75.7±1.0a 1.1±0.1c 14.8±0.5b 108.1±5.2b 40.6±0.4cd 127.6±4.8a 32.6±0.6b
双因素方差分析 Two-way analysis of variance
N 78.478*** 4.425* 72.058*** 6.51* 0.365 33.977*** 68.65*** 38.142*** 77.560*** 40.365*** 159.084***
C 6.648* 1.645 27.333*** 1.807 0.073 19.374*** 61.437*** 38.519*** 26.094*** 38.371*** 81.562***
N×C 35.836*** 0.606 1.21 0.024 2.323 0.036 0.241 2.146 0.932 1.358 0.144
2025 N100 MM 8.45±0.01a A 23.8±0.7ab A
1.2±0.3a A 25.0±0.6a A
76.5±2.3a A 1.5±0.1ab A
16.6±0.9b A
95.7±0.5b A
38.8±0.5b A
106.9±2.8cd B 39.9±1.2b A
IMC 8.39±0.02a 24.5±0.4a 1.2±0.5a 25.9±2.7a 75.0±1.1a 1.6±0.2a 19.6±0.9a 100.4±2.9a 41.0±0.7a 116.7±7.0b 45.1±2.0a
N70 MM 8.42±0.04a A 23.1±0.2b B
1.2±1.0a A 19.7±2.6b B
72.4±4.7a A
1.2±0.2bc B
11.5±0.5d B
82.1±1.1c B
34.1±0.7d B
105.0±0.4d B 31.5±0.8d B
IMC 8.41±0.15a 23.4±0.6ab 1.2±0.3a 22.3±1.6ab 76.2±2.1a 1.2±0.2c 14.1±0.9c 92.1±1.0b 37.2±1.4b 105.5±4.1d 36.1±1.2c
N70S MM 8.49±0.09a A 24.2±0.3ab A
1.2±0.3a A
23.5±1.1ab A
76.8±1.3a A
1.1±0.1c B
12.9±0.9cd B
85.8±1.4c B
35.0±0.8c B
113.9±3.4b A 34.0±0.8c B
IMC 8.44±0.03a 24.2±1.0ab 1.3±0.1a 24.8±1.0a 73.3±0.8a 1.3±0.1bc 16.2±0.6b 91.7±4.5b 36.0±0.4c 132.4±4.8a 39.5±0.7b
双因素方差分析 Two-way analysis of variance
N 0.001 6.6455* 0.618 13.165** 0.659 16.019*** 128.874*** 65.884*** 79.260*** 7.125* 138.274***
C 2.053 1.548 1.082 1.816 0.67 3.561 56.548*** 29.397*** 22.436*** 30.166*** 78.611***
N×C 0.251 0.339 0.07 0.515 2.205 0.715 0.115 3.908 0.283 3.623 0.384
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间作绿肥下减氮并配施生物炭降低玉米生产氮足迹
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吴佳佳 1 , 刘蕊 1 , 李鑫艳 1 , 张久东 2 , 常单娜 3 , 曹卫东 3
中国农业科学 | 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 2026,59(16): 3605-3620
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中国农业科学 |土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 2026 , 59 (16) : 3605 -3620
间作绿肥下减氮并配施生物炭降低玉米生产氮足迹
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吴佳佳1 , 刘蕊1, 李鑫艳1, 张久东2, 常单娜3 , 曹卫东3
作者信息
  • 1 山西农业大学资源环境学院, 山西太谷 030800
  • 2 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所, 兰州 730070
  • 3 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室, 北京 100081
通讯作者:
常单娜,E-mail:
曹卫东,E-mail:
作者简介:

吴佳佳,E-mail:

Reducing Nitrogen Footprint of Maize Production with Intercropping Green Manure, Nitrogen Reduction, and Sesbania Biochar
JiaJia WU1 , Rui LIU1, XinYan LI1, JiuDong ZHANG2, DanNa CHANG3 , WeiDong CAO3
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, Shanxi
  • 2 Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water-Saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
  • 3 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China, Beijing 100081
出版时间: 2026-08-16 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.010
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【目的】 玉米间作豆科绿肥能够实现节肥增效,施用生物炭是减少农田气态氮损失的有效措施。然而,关于间作绿肥下减氮并配施生物炭对氮素气态损失及系统氮足迹的影响尚不明确。为此,本研究通过田间试验,明确该模式对氮素气态损失与系统氮足迹的综合影响,为西北绿洲灌区玉米生产的绿色发展提供技术途径。【方法】 于2021年在甘肃武威绿洲农业试验站开始设置田间试验,双因素设计,主因素为施氮制度,包括常规施氮(N100),减氮30%(N70),减氮30%配施田菁生物炭(N70S)。副因素为种植模式,分别为玉米单作(MM)和玉米间作箭筈豌豆(IMC)。共形成6个处理:N100-MM、N100-IMC、N70-MM、N70-IMC、N70S-MM、N70S-IMC。测定2024—2025年玉米产量、氮素吸收及土壤理化性状,同步监测氧化亚氮(N2O)排放与氨(NH3)挥发,并采用生命周期评价法量化系统氮足迹。【结果】 相比常规施氮,减氮30%玉米籽粒产量、地上部生物量和氮素累积量分别降低7.9%、6.1%和4.7%;而配施田菁生物炭籽粒产量和地上部生物量分别增加8.6%和2.7%。玉米间作绿肥较单作增产3.8%。N70S-IMC较N100-MM处理产量、生物量和氮素累积量分别增加了12.6%、4.3%和4.0%。减氮30%处理的N2O和NH3累积排放量分别降低16.0%—25.2%和9.9%—24.7%,配施田菁生物炭处理分别降低24.8%—27.7%和17.6%—43.9%。相比N100-MM,N70-IMC处理的N2O和NH3累积排放量分别降低了12.1%—20.1%和11.2%—20.1%,N70S-IMC处理分别降低15.3%—24.3%和20.1%—35.8%。N70-IMC较N100-MM处理土壤铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)和微生物量氮(MBN)分别降低17.6%、15.6%和9.6%,N70S-IMC处理土壤NH4+-N和可溶性有机氮(DON)分别降低15.6%和7.3%,全氮(TN)和MBN分别增加3.9%和25.0%。随机森林分析表明,土壤NO3--N、NH4+-N、MBN和DON是驱动N2O排放的关键因子,而NH3挥发主要受NO3--N、NH4+-N和全氮驱动。生命周期评价表明,相比N100-MM处理,N70-IMC和N70S-IMC处理的氮足迹分别降低28.9%和39.7%,N70S-IMC较N70-IMC处理氮足迹降低了10.4%。【结论】 玉米间作绿肥减氮30%配施田菁生物炭能够增加玉米产量和氮素吸收,改善土壤理化性状,降低N2O排放、NH3挥发及系统氮足迹,是西北绿洲灌区玉米绿色可持续生产的有效路径。

玉米  /  绿肥  /  间作  /  田菁生物炭  /  N2O排放  /  NH3挥发  /  氮足迹

【Objective】 Intercropping maize with leguminous green manure can achieve fertilizer conservation and efficiency improvement. Biochar application is an effective measure to mitigate gaseous nitrogen loss form farmland. However, the impacts of nitrogen reduction under intercropping green manure combined with the biochar application on gaseous nitrogen loss and the system’s nitrogen footprint remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate this comprehensive practice to provide a technical approach for the green maize production in oasis irrigation areas of Northwest China. 【Method】 A two-factor field experiment was set up in 2021 at Wuwei Oasis Agricultural Experimental Station in Gansu Province. The experiment employed a two-factorial design. The main factor was nitrogen application system, including conventional nitrogen application (N100), 30% nitrogen reduction (N70), and 30% nitrogen reduction combined with sesbania biochar (N70S). The second factors were cropping patterns, including maize monoculture (MM) and maize intercropping with common vetch (IMC). Six treatments were formed: N100-MM, N100-IMC, N70-MM, N70-IMC, N70S-MM, and N70S-IMC. From 2024 to 2025, maize yield, nitrogen absorption and soil physicochemical properties were measured, nitrous oxide emission and ammonia volatilization were monitored, and the nitrogen footprint of the system was quantified by life cycle assessment method. 【Result】 Compared with N100, N70 decreased maize grain yield, aboveground biomass and nitrogen absorption by 7.9%, 6.1% and 4.7%, respectively. In contrast, N70S increased grain yield and biomass by 8.6% and 2.7%, respectively. IMC increased the yield by 3.8% compared with MM. Notably, N70S-IMC increased grain yield, aboveground biomass and nitrogen absorption by 12.6%, 4.3% and 4.0%, respectively, compared with N100-MM. The N70 reduced cumulative N2O emissions and NH3 volatilization by 16.0% to 25.2% and 9.9% to 24.7%, respectively, relative to N100. The N70S further reduced these emissions by 24.8% to 27.7% and 17.6% to 43.9%, respectively. Compared with N100-MM, N70-IMC and N70S-IMC reduced cumulative N2O emissions by 12.1% to 20.1% and 20.1% to 35.8% and NH3 volatilization by 15.3% to 24.3% and 11.2% to 20.1%, respectively. Soil analysis showed that, compared with N100-MM, N70-IMC decreased soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and microbial nitrogen (MBN) by 17.6%, 15.6%, and 9.6%, respectively. While N70S-IMC decreased NH4+-N and soluble organic nitrogen (DON) by 15.6% and 7.3%, respectively, but increased total nitrogen (TN) and MBN by 3.9% and 25.0%, respectively. Random forest analysis indicated that soil NO3--N, NH4+-N, MBN and DON were the key factors driving N2O emissions, while NH3 volatilization was mainly driven by NO3--N, NH4+-N and TN. Life cycle assessment indicated that the nitrogen footprint under N70-IMC and N70S-IMC was decreased by 28.9% and 39.7%, respectively, compared with the N100-MM. Furthermore, the nitrogen footprint of the N70S-IMC treatment was 10.4% lower than that under N70-MM. 【Conclusion】 The combination of maize-green manure intercropping, 30% nitrogen reduction, and sesbania biochar application increased grain yield and nitrogen absorption, improved key soil properties, and lowered N2O emissions, NH3 volatilization, and the system’s nitrogen footprint, which was an effective path for green and sustainable maize production in the Northwest Oasis Irrigation District.

maize  /  green manure  /  intercropping  /  sesbania biochar  /  N2O emissions  /  NH3 volatilization  /  nitrogen footprint
吴佳佳, 刘蕊, 李鑫艳, 张久东, 常单娜, 曹卫东. 间作绿肥下减氮并配施生物炭降低玉米生产氮足迹. 中国农业科学, 2026 , 59 (16) : 3605 -3620 . DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.010
JiaJia WU, Rui LIU, XinYan LI, JiuDong ZHANG, DanNa CHANG, WeiDong CAO. Reducing Nitrogen Footprint of Maize Production with Intercropping Green Manure, Nitrogen Reduction, and Sesbania Biochar[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026 , 59 (16) : 3605 -3620 . DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.010
【研究意义】集约化农业生产中化学氮肥的过渡施用,导致氮素利用效率降低,并引发土壤氧化亚氮(N2O)与氨(NH3)排放增加、硝酸盐淋溶加剧等环境问题[1],最终导致农田氮足迹升高。在我国西北绿洲灌区,这一矛盾尤为突出。作为重要的玉米生产基地,其高产模式长期依赖于大量氮肥投入,加之该区域普遍采用的覆膜灌溉技术所形成的根区高温高湿微环境,进一步加剧了氮素的气态损失风险[2]。因此,针对区域生产与生态特点,研发能够协同实现玉米稳产与氮素减排的绿色生产技术,已成为推动该区域农业绿色转型的迫切需求。【前人研究进展】合理的农业管理措施,如优化施氮量、调整种植制度和施用土壤改良剂,能减少氮素淋溶和径流损失[3],并抑制NH3挥发与N2O排放,在保障作物产量的同时降低农田氮足迹[4]。其中,豆科绿肥与生物炭的应用是两种极具潜力的策略。豆科绿肥通过根瘤菌共生固氮,可以在减氮20%—40%时保障主作物产量[5]。其发达的根系能吸收土壤中的残留氮,减少氮素径流损失,并提升土壤氮库稳定性[6]。在西北绿洲灌区,长期间作豆科绿肥可提高作物年产量15.6%—49.9%[7]。在玉米间作绿肥模式下,箭筈豌豆替代25%氮肥NH3挥发降低44.0%—47.3%[8],减氮20%条件下玉米间作豆科绿肥在保持玉米籽粒产量的同时,温室气体减排17.8%[9]。生物炭因其高吸附性和多孔结构,在提升氮素利用效率方面展现出显著潜力[10]。在干旱绿洲灌区,减氮30%间作鲜食豌豆配施生物炭提高玉米籽粒产量17.8%[11]。生物炭的功能受原料来源影响,田菁作为一种优质豆科绿肥,其资源化利用方式正从传统的翻压还田向热解制炭拓展[12]。以田菁为原料制备的生物炭,因其富含氮素和发达的孔隙结构,可能在培肥改土方面优于常规秸秆炭[13]。田菁生物炭对铵态氮的高吸附性能减少了NH3挥发,并能通过调节硝化-反硝化过程影响N2O的排放。【本研究切入点】尽管绿肥与生物炭的单独应用各具潜力,且区域内已有研究探索了绿肥配施玉米生物炭对N2O排放的抑制效果[14]。但现有研究多局限于单一技术或单一气体排放指标,豆科绿肥间作玉米配合生物炭对农田氮素损失(包括N2O排放和NH3挥发)和氮足迹的协同效应缺乏系统评估。【拟解决的关键问题】为评估玉米间作豆科绿肥配施田菁生物炭模式的综合效益,本研究拟通过田间试验重点阐明以下两个问题:(1)该模式在减氮30%条件下对玉米产量、气态氮损失及系统氮足迹的综合影响。(2)土壤无机氮库动态等关键因子如何驱动气态氮排放。通过监测玉米产量、土壤N2O与NH3排放动态及土壤性状变化,并结合生命周期评价法量化系统氮足迹,旨在为构建玉米绿色种植模式提供理论支撑与实践依据。
本试验在甘肃省农业科学院武威绿洲农业试验站(37°43′N,102°35′E)进行。该区域属寒温带干旱气候,年均气温7.2 ℃,年日照时数2 800—3 300 h、无霜期156 d、平均降水量222 mm、蒸发量2 021 mm。供试土壤为灌漠土,耕层(0—20 cm)土壤pH为8.2、有机碳含量12.3 g·kg-1、全氮1.1 g·kg-1、无机氮11.4 mg·kg-1、有效磷18.3 mg·kg-1、速效钾73.2 mg·kg-1。玉米是当地主栽作物之一,均采用地膜覆盖栽培,为半膜覆膜方式。
采用田间定位试验,裂区设计,主区为施氮制度,包括常规施氮(N100),减氮30%(N70),减氮30%配施田菁生物炭(N70S)[15]。副区为种植模式,分别为玉米单作(MM)和玉米间作箭筈豌豆(IMC)。共形成6个处理:N100-MM、N100-IMC、N70-MM、N70-IMC、N70S-MM、N70S-IMC。每处理3次重复,小区面积39.6 m2(6 m×6.6 m)。
供试玉米品种为利单295,于4月上旬播种,10月上旬收获。单作和间作,玉米种植带长均为105 cm,每带种植3行,行距35 cm,株距20 cm,种植密度为90 000株/hm2。箭筈豌豆品种为陇箭2号,在玉米播种前10天播种,播种量75 kg·hm-2,于盛花期采用秸秆还田粉碎机粉碎后再人工翻压还田,翻压深度20 cm。间作小区中,绿肥带为60 cm,行距15 cm,玉米﹕绿肥为3﹕4带型(图1)。
供试氮肥为尿素(含N 46%),常规施氮量为330 kg·hm-2,70%常规施氮量为231 kg·hm-2;磷肥为重过磷酸钙(含P2O5 46%),用量150 kg·hm-2。田菁生物炭的施用量为3 t·hm-2[16](将田菁地上部秸秆置于管式炉中在氮气保护下升温至680 ℃炭化20 min,制得田菁生物炭,碳、氮、磷、钾含量分别为58.5%、1.51%、0.26%、2.61%,pH 8.96[17])。氮肥按基肥﹕大喇叭口期﹕灌浆期=4﹕3﹕3比例施用,磷肥和田菁生物炭作基肥一次性施用。所有处理均不施钾肥。农用地膜宽为120 cm,厚度为0.01 mm。
2024和2025年玉米成熟期,各小区单独收获,果穗风干后脱粒,以14%标准含水率折算产量,并将小区产量换算为单位面积的玉米籽粒产量,计算公式:
实测产量(kg·hm-2)=鲜穗重(kg·hm-2)×出籽率(%)×[1-鲜籽粒含水率(%)]/(1-14%)[18]
从各小区随机选取有代表性的玉米10株,将每株玉米的地上部分为秸秆和籽粒两部分。105 ℃杀青30 min,65 ℃烘干至恒重。随后用粉碎机粉碎,过1 mm筛。使用元素分析仪(Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH,Germany)测定籽粒和秸秆的氮含量。玉米地上部氮素累积量计算公式如下[19]
地上部氮素累积量=(籽粒氮含量×籽粒产量)+(秸秆氮含量×秸秆生物量)。
2024和2025年绿肥种植至玉米收获期,采用静态箱-气相色谱仪法(7890A, Agilent Technologies, USA)对N2O气体进行采集并测定其浓度[20]。具体测定方法如下:静态箱由气室(宽30 cm、长40 cm、高40 cm)和底座(宽30 cm、长40 cm、高25 cm)组成。在施用基肥并完成耕作后,立即在单作和间作小区的玉米行和空闲/绿肥行的中央位置放置静态箱。将底座插入土壤20 cm,玉米收获前取出。单作和间作小区均布设2个静态箱,单作小区在带间和玉米带中各一个,间作小区在绿肥带和玉米带中各一个。气室顶部安装有微型风扇,收集气体时开启保证气体浓度均匀,同时安装温度计,读取静态箱内温度。底座带有水槽,用于在收集气体时与气室密封。使用气泵通过安装在气室顶端的三通阀和硅胶管采集气体样品,收集到铝箔采样袋中。每次取样时间隔10 min抽取一次箱内气体,共抽取4次(0,10、20、30 min)。将采样袋中的气体迅速带回实验室,利用20 mL注射器将采集的气体注入到已抽真空的12 mL顶空瓶,用带有电子捕获器(ECD)的气相色谱测定N2O浓度。于玉米施基肥后的第1、3、5、10天和每次追肥后第1、5、10天进行取样,待N2O排放平稳后,每隔10 d采集1次样品。
土壤N2O排放通量(FN2O,mg·m-2·h-1[21]
$ \mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}}=\mathrm{H} \times \frac{\mathrm{M} \times \mathrm{P} \times \mathrm{T}_{0}}{\mathrm{~V}_{0} \times \mathrm{P}_{0} \times \mathrm{T}} \times \frac{\mathrm{dc}}{\mathrm{dt}}$
式中,H是静态箱高度(m);M为气体分子摩尔质量(g·mol-1);P0和T0为理想气体标准状态下的空气压力(1 013.25 kPa)和气温(273.15 K);V0为目标化合物在标准状态下的摩尔体积,即22.41 L·mol-1;P和T为采样时箱内实际气压和气温;dc/dt为箱内目标气体浓度变化率(mg·kg-1·h-1或μL·L-1·h-1)。
N2O累积排放量(E,kgN·hm-2[22]
$ \mathrm{E}=\sum_{\mathrm{i}=1}^{\mathrm{n}}\left[\frac{\left(\mathrm{~F}_{\mathrm{i}}+\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{i}-1}\right)}{2} \times \mathrm{d} \times 24 \times 10^{-2} \times \frac{28}{44}\right]$
式中,Fi为第i次测定的N2O的排放通量(mg·m-2·h-1);Fi-1为第i-1次测定的N2O排放通量(mg·m-2·h-1);d为相邻两次采样的间隔天数(d);n为同一生育时期气体测定总次数,28/44为N2O中N占比。
于基肥和追肥后,采用通气法测定土壤氨挥发。捕获装置由内径15 cm,高10 cm的聚氯乙烯硬质塑料管制成。将两块厚度均为2 cm、直径为16 cm的海绵均匀浸以15 mL的磷酸甘油溶液,置于硬质塑料管中,下层的海绵距管底5 cm,上层的海绵与管顶部相平[23]。取样时,取出下层海绵,迅速装入塑料袋中密封,并换上新浸过磷酸甘油的海绵。上层的海绵视其干湿情况3—7 d更换一次。取下的海绵带回实验室,装入塑料瓶中,加入150 mL 1 mol·L-1 KCl溶液,使海绵完全浸于其中,振荡1 h后过滤,用流动分析仪(SEAI Auto Analyzer3,德国)测定浸提液中铵态氮含量。玉米基肥和追肥后第1、2、3、4、5、6、8、10、12、15天进行取样,每天早晨9:00前完成取样,每个周期取样10次。
土壤氨挥发速率(NH3-N,kg·hm-2·d-1[24]
$ \mathrm{NH}_{3}-\mathrm{N}=\frac{\mathrm{M}}{\mathrm{~A} \times \mathrm{D}} \times 10^{-2}$
式中,M为单个装置平均每次测得的NH3量(NH4+-N,mg);A为捕获装置横截面积(m2);D为每次连续捕获的天数(d)。土壤氨挥发累积量(kg·hm-2)为测定时期内氨挥发量总和。
玉米收获后,各小区按5点取样法采集0—20 cm耕层土样,取部分鲜土测定土壤无机氮、微生物量碳氮含量,剩余土样自然风干、过筛后用于测定其他土壤性状[25]。土壤有机质(Soil organic matter,SOM)采用重铬酸钾-浓硫酸外加热法测定。土壤全氮(Soil total nitrogen,TN)使用凯氏定氮法测定。土壤无机氮(Mineral N,Nmin)采用KCl溶液浸提,流动分析仪(SEAl AutoAnalyzer3,德国)测定硝态氮(Nitrate N,NO3--N)和铵态氮(Ammonia N,NH4+-N)含量[26]。土壤有效磷(Soil available P,AP)采用碳酸氢钠浸提、钼蓝比色法测定。土壤速效钾(Soil available K,AK)采用1 mol·L-1醋酸铵浸提、火焰光度计法测定[27]。土壤pH采用电位法(水土比2.5﹕1)测定。土壤可溶性碳、氮(DOC、DON)采用超纯水浸提(水土比2﹕1),总有机碳/总氮分析仪(Multi N/C2100,德国)测定。土壤微生物量碳、氮(MBC、MBN)采用氯仿熏蒸,K2SO4浸提(水土比为4﹕1)后总有机碳/总氮分析仪(Multi N/C2100,德国)测定[28]
基于生命周期评价法(LCA),评估化肥、农药等农资投入品的生产和运输,灌溉管理、耕作和收获等田间作业对氮足迹的影响。据此,确定氮足迹的系统边界:输入部分包括肥料和农药的生产和运输、肥料的田间施用、农业机械的燃油消耗、地膜和种子的使用。输出为氮肥施用导致的活性氮损失,如NH3挥发、N2O排放以及NO3--N和NH4+-N淋失[29]
查阅中国核心生命周期数据库(CLCD)、IPCC指南第1号、国家发改委(NDRC)、Ecoinvent数据库及相关经典文献,获取农业投入的排放因子。利用LCA法核算玉米生产过程中的温室气体排放和活性氮损失量(表1)。氮足迹是将不同形态的活性氮为富营养化潜势以便求和计算[31]
$ \begin{array}{l} \mathrm{NF}_{\text {total }}=\mathrm{NF}_{\text {inputs }}+\mathrm{NF}_{\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}}+\mathrm{NF}_{\mathrm{NH}_{3}}+\mathrm{NF}_{\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}}+\mathrm{NF}_{\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}} \\ \mathrm{NF}_{\text {inputs }}=\sum_{\text {i=1 }}^{\mathrm{n}} \mathrm{~m}_{\mathrm{i}} a_{\mathrm{i}} \\ \mathrm{NF}_{\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}}=\mathrm{Total}_{\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}} \times 44 / 28 \times 0.476 \\ \mathrm{NF}_{\mathrm{NH}_{3}}=\mathrm{NH}_{3 \text { volatilization }} \times 17 / 14 \times 0.833 \\ \mathrm{NF}_{\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}}=\mathrm{N} \times \gamma \times 18 / 14 \times 0.786 \\ \mathrm{NF}_{\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}}=\mathrm{N} \times \sigma \times 62 / 14 \times 0.238 \end{array}$
式中,NFtotal为整个生命周期内所考虑的活性氮损失(kg N-eq·hm-2);NFinputs农资投入品在生产运输等过程中造成的间接活性氮损失量(kg N-eq·hm-2);NFN2O、NFNH3、NFNH4+、NFNO3-为作物全生育期损失的活性氮(kg N-eq·hm-2);N为施氮量(kg);γ、σ为玉米生育过程中NH4+和NO3-淋失系数,分别为0.175和0.226;44/28、17/14、62/14和18/14是N2O-N、NH3-N、NO3--N和NH4+-N的质量转换系数;0.476、0.833、0.786和0.238分别为N2O、NH3、NH4+和NO3-的富营养化潜势系数[32]
采用Microsoft Excel 2019进行试验数据汇总和整理,SPSS 26.0对数据进行方差和相关性分析,采用最小显著差法(LSD)对处理进行多重比较(P<0.05),运用单因素方差分析检验不同处理之间的差异显著性,多因素方差分析进行主效应分析。采用Origin 2025和R 4.4.2(https://cran.r-project.org)绘制图形。
施氮制度和种植模式对玉米籽粒产量、地上部生物量和氮素累积量有显著影响,两者的交互作用对地上部生物量和氮素累积量有显著影响(P<0.05)(图2)。相比N100,N70处理籽粒产量、生物量和氮素累积量减少7.9%、6.1%和4.7%;N70S处理的籽粒产量和生物量增加8.6%和2.7%%。相比N70,N70S处理籽粒产量和生物量增加18.0%和9.4%。相比MM,IMC处理的籽粒产量、生物量和氮素累积量增加3.8%、2.5%和2.0%。相比N100-MM,N70-IMC处理的生物量减少4.1%,N70S-IMC处理的籽粒产量、地上部生物量和氮素累积量增加了12.6%、4.3%和4.0%。由此可见,与常规施氮玉米单作相比,间作绿肥减氮30%及其配施田菁生物炭能够增加玉米籽粒产量、地上部生物量和氮素累积量。
在玉米的整个生长季,各处理的土壤N2O排放通量变化规律基本一致,均在施肥后2—5 d后出现排放峰值,随后逐渐降低(图3)。与N100处理相比,N70和N70S处理的两年N2O排放通量峰值在基肥、拔节期和灌浆期追肥后分别降低6.2%—14.4%、9.3%—33.3%;28.0%—40.8%、45.5%—50.3%;17.1%—18.1%、48.2%—51.1%。N70S较N70处理N2O排放通量峰值在基肥、拔节期追肥和灌浆期追肥降低14.5%—22.0%、7.9%—31.0%和37.5%—40.3%。相比N100-MM,N70-IMC和N70S-IMC处理在基肥、拔节期追肥和灌浆期追肥降低6.7%—18.3%和16.4%—39.0%;27.5%—28.8%和48.1%—59.0%;12.8%—16.2%和49.4%—62.0%。
施氮制度对2024年和两年平均土壤N2O累积排放量有显著影响,施氮制度与种植模式的交互作用对2025年和两年平均N2O累积排放量影响显著(P<0.001)(图4)。相比N100,N70、N70S处理的2024年和两年平均N2O累积排放量降低25.2%、27.7%和16.0%、24.8%。N70与N70S、MM与IMC处理间N2O累积排放量无显著差异。相比N100-MM,N70-IMC和N70S-IMC处理的两年平均N2O累积排放量降低12.1%和27.4%。
3次施肥期间,土壤NH3挥发速率均在施肥后2—4 d达到峰值;随后逐渐下降,在第9天后基本趋于平稳(图5)。相比N100,N70和N70S处理的两年NH3挥发速率峰值在基肥、拔节期追肥和灌浆期追肥分别降低17.0%—36.9%和30.2%—40.7%;24.7%—71.6%和43.9%—80.8%;9.9%—27.8%和17.6%—53.8%。N70S较N70处理NH3挥发速率峰值在基肥、拔节期追肥和灌浆期追肥降低6.1%—15.9%、25.5%—32.2%和8.5%—36.0%。相比N100-MM,N70-IMC和N70S-IMC处理NH3挥发速率峰值在基肥、拔节期追肥和灌浆期追肥分别降低20.1%—43.5%和35.8%—47.7%;29.1%—76.0%和51.9%—83.4%;11.2%—44.4%和20.1%—65.6%。
施氮制度和种植模式及二者的交互作用对2024、2025年和两年平均NH3累积挥发量影响显著(P<0.001)(除2025年交互作用外)(图6)。相比N100,N70和N70S处理的2024、2025年和两年平均NH3累积挥发量降低24.7%、43.9%、9.9%和17.6%、17.0%、30.2%,N70S较N70处理降低了8.5%—25.5%。相比N100-MM,N70-IMC和N70S-IMC处理的2024年和两年平均NH3累积挥发量降低29.1%、51.9%和20.1%、35.8%。
综上,与常规施氮玉米单作相比,间作绿肥减氮30%及其配施田菁生物炭能够降低N2O排放和NH3挥发。
表2所示,相比N100,N70处理的两年SOM、TN、AP、NH4+-N、NO3--N、DOC、DON、MBC和MBN平均含量减少2.8%—29.5%,pH减少0.09个单位;N70S各处理的TN和MBC含量平均增加1.5%—2.4%和10.6%—17.0%,pH增加0.18个单位,NH4+-N、NO3--N、DOC、DON和MBN含量减少10.1%—24.0%。相比N70,N70S各处理的SOM、TN、AP、NO3--N、MBC和MBN含量平均增加3.7%—28.0%,pH增加0.08个单位。
相比MM,IMC处理两年的TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、DON、MBC和MBN含量平均增加1.9%—21.6%(除2024年TN外),2024年pH增加0.03个单位。相比N100-MM,N70-IMC处理的NH4+-N、NO3--N、DON、MBC和MBN含量降低3.6%—15.1%,pH增加0.14个单位;N70S-IMC处理的TN和MBC增加3.9%(仅2024年)和23.9%—25.0%,pH增加0.14个单位,NH4+-N和DON含量降低12.3%和6.6%。因此,与常规施氮单作相比,玉米间作绿肥减氮30%配施生物炭增加全氮含量,降低活性碳氮含量。
Mantel检验表明,N2O排放与NO3--N、NH4+-N、DON、DOC、MBN和pH呈显著正相关;NH3挥发与NH4+-N、NO3--N、DON、DOC、MBN和pH呈显著正相关(P<0.05)(图7)。随机森林模型分析发现,NO3--N、MBN、DON和NH4+-N是影响N2O排放的主要因子,NH4+-N、DON、DOC、TN和NO3--N是影响NH3挥发的主要因子。
氮淋溶和氨挥发是土壤氮足迹的主要贡献源,两者合计占氮足迹总量的90.3%—92.4%(图8)。施氮制度及其与种植模式的交互作用对土壤氮足迹均有显著影响(P<0.001)。相比N100,N70和N70S处理的氮足迹平均降低27.8%和37.5%,N70S较N70处理氮足迹平均降低13.4%。相比N100-MM,N70-IMC和N70S-IMC处理的氮足迹降低28.9%和39.7%,N70S-IMC较N70-MM处理氮足迹降低了10.4%。由此可知,间作绿肥替代30%氮肥有效降低氮足迹,配施田菁生物炭进一步降低了氮足迹。
间作利用物种间互补效应,优化光、热、水、肥等资源的利用效率,是实现作物增产的高效集约化模式[33]。将豆科绿肥纳入间作系统,可充分发挥其生物固氮优势,在减少20%—40%化学氮肥条件下维持作物产量[34]。本研究中,相比单作处理,间作显著增加玉米籽粒产量8.1%,尽管氮素累积量的变化未达到显著水平,但呈现出增加趋势。主要是因为豆科绿肥通过生物固氮及根系互作有效补偿化学氮肥减施带来的氮亏缺,为间作系统提供了可持续的氮素来源[35]
与常规施氮相比,减施30%氮肥,玉米籽粒产量显著降低7.9%,但配施田菁生物炭玉米籽粒产量增加8.6%。这一结果主要归因于田菁生物炭对土壤养分的积极影响。在减氮30%条件下,土壤有机质、全氮和速效磷含量显著降低,而田菁生物炭的施用有效维持了土壤有机质和速效磷的含量,并增加了全氮含量(2024年,表2)。这些变化共同促进玉米的生长,从而提高了籽粒产量。前人研究表明,减氮20%配施生物炭可使玉米产量增产6.5%[36]。本研究的发现不仅验证了生物炭在减氮条件下的增产效应,更证明了在间作绿肥的系统中,即使减氮30%,通过配施田菁生物炭仍能实现玉米的稳产增产。
本研究结果表明,减少氮肥用量是降低农田气态氮损失的关键措施。与常规施氮(N100)相比,减氮30%(N70)处理N2O和NH3累积排放量分别降低16.0%—25.2%和9.9%—24.7%。这主要归因于减氮直接降低土壤矿质态氮含量,从而减少硝化、反硝化作用和氨挥发的底物浓度(NH4+[37-38]。Mantel分析(图7)进一步证实,土壤无机氮(NH4+-N、NO3--N)和可溶性有机氮(DON)含量是影响气态氮损失的关键驱动因子。
在减氮的基础上,田菁生物炭的施用对NH3挥发表现出显著的抑制效应,N70S较N70处理的NH3累积挥发量降低17.6%—43.9%。这主要归因于田菁生物炭丰富的孔隙结构和表面官能团对铵态氮(NH4+-N)的物理吸附和化学固持作用,从而有效减少NH3挥发的底物[39-40]。尽管在玉米成熟期,田菁生物炭处理的土壤无机氮含量未呈现显著变化(表2),但这可能与采样时间未能反映施肥后或气体排放高峰期田菁生物炭对无机氮的短期固持效应有关。已有研究指出,生物炭可在短期内通过吸附作用降低土壤NH4+和NO3⁻浓度,影响氮转化路径[41]
然而,田菁生物炭对N2O累积排放量无显著影响。这种对NH3和N2O排放的差异化效应,揭示了两者减排机制的差异。田菁生物炭通过物理化学吸附直接固持NH4+,能有效地抑制旱地强烈的NH3挥发,但对于N2O的减排通常需要通过表面官能团调控微生物的硝化与反硝化过程。本试验所用田菁生物炭的较高炭化温度(680 ℃)可能导致其表面官能团(尤其是含氧官能团)减少,加之3 t·hm-2的施用量相对较低,可能未达到显著干预土壤微生物氮转化过程的阈值[42-43]
值得注意的是,间作绿肥为系统引入了外源氮源,其土壤全氮(TN)和微生物量氮(MBN)含量增加,但并未因此显著增加N2O排放和NH3挥发(图3)。这表明豆科绿肥固定的氮素更多地进入了土壤有机库和生物量库,进行了相对缓慢的矿化释放过程,与作物氮需求同步性更高[44],从而降低了短期内快速损失的风险[45]
本研究中气态氮损失的降低,是减氮、绿肥与田菁生物炭分别通过不同机制协同作用的结果:减氮从源头控制底物浓度,构成减排基础;间作绿肥通过促进氮素向土壤有机库转化,其减排效应主要依赖于后续的缓慢矿化过程,从而主导N2O减排;而田菁生物炭则通过吸附固持,针对性地强化了旱地条件下对NH3挥发的阻控。
本研究基于生命周期评价(LCA)框架,系统评估了农资投入与田间活性氮损失对玉米农田氮足迹的综合影响。与已有研究一致,NH3挥发和氮素淋溶是氮足迹的主要构成部分[46]。结果发现,施氮制度及其与种植模式的交互作用对氮足迹均产生显著影响。本研究主要从农资投入角度看,减氮30%(N70)处理较常规施氮(N100)处理的氮足迹降低了27.8%,这主要源于氮肥生产与运输过程中隐含氮消耗的直接减少。间作绿肥对氮足迹无显著影响,而间作绿肥在减氮30%(N70-IMC)时,较常规单作(N100-MM)氮足迹显著降低28.9%,显示出减氮与间作的协同增效作用。这一结果与紫云英-水稻轮作系统降低氮足迹的报道相一致[5],主要原因是豆科绿肥的固氮作用可替代部分化学氮肥[47],减少农资投入氮排放。同时,绿肥还田通过改善土壤生态功能提高氮肥利用效率[48],从而降低氮足迹。配施田菁生物炭在减氮间作基础上进一步降低氮足迹13.4%,使N70S-IMC处理总体降幅达39.7%,主要是因为田菁生物炭通过其特有的孔隙结构和表面性质吸附土壤铵态氮、硝态氮和可溶性有机氮[49],有效缓解NH3挥发和N2O排放,在输出端降低氮足迹。
综上,本研究通过减氮(源头减量)、间作绿肥(系统增效)和配施田菁生物炭(末端阻控)的多路径协同,实现了玉米农田氮足迹的显著降低。未来的研究可在此基础上,定量优化减氮比例与田菁生物炭用量等关键参数,旨在形成一套适用于西北绿洲灌区、可推广的标准化技术规程,为该区域玉米生产的绿色转型提供可靠的科技支撑。
与常规施氮单作相比,减氮30%下玉米间作箭筈豌豆保障了玉米产量与氮素吸收,N2O排放、NH3挥发及氮足迹平均分别降低16.1%、15.7%和28.9%,减氮间作并配施田菁生物炭处理增产12.6%,进一步降低N2O排放、NH3挥发及氮足迹19.8%、28.0%和39.7%。其主要机制是,降低土壤活性氮库(硝态氮、铵态氮)强度,提高了土壤全氮含量,进而减少氮素气态损失与系统氮足迹。综上,玉米间作绿肥减氮30%配施田菁生物炭表现出稳定的增产趋势与持续的环境效益,为西北灌区玉米绿色生产提供了可靠的技术路径。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700200)
  • 国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22)
  • 中国农业科学院科技创新工程
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2026年第59卷第16期
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doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.010
  • 接收时间:2025-10-26
  • 首发时间:2026-09-03
  • 出版时间:2026-08-16
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-26
  • 录用日期:2025-11-22
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国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700200)
国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程
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    1 山西农业大学资源环境学院, 山西太谷 030800
    2 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所, 兰州 730070
    3 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室, 北京 100081

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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