Article(id=1302192609661841700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, issueId=1302192562882761358, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1761408000000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1763740800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-11-22, onlineDate=1788396511711, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1786809600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788396511711, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788396511711, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788396511711, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302192562882761358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, year='2026', volume='59', issue='16', pageStart='3465', pageEnd='3698', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786809600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-16', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788396500558, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405251849, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302229268860264480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, issueId=1302192562882761358, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302229268860264481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, issueId=1302192562882761358, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3605, endPage=3620, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302192611134042405, articleId=1302192609661841700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, language=EN, title=Reducing Nitrogen Footprint of Maize Production with Intercropping Green Manure, Nitrogen Reduction, and Sesbania Biochar, columnId=1302192608567120828, journalTitle=Scientia Agricultura Sinica, columnName=SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
【Objective】 Intercropping maize with leguminous green manure can achieve fertilizer conservation and efficiency improvement. Biochar application is an effective measure to mitigate gaseous nitrogen loss form farmland. However, the impacts of nitrogen reduction under intercropping green manure combined with the biochar application on gaseous nitrogen loss and the system’s nitrogen footprint remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate this comprehensive practice to provide a technical approach for the green maize production in oasis irrigation areas of Northwest China. 【Method】 A two-factor field experiment was set up in 2021 at Wuwei Oasis Agricultural Experimental Station in Gansu Province. The experiment employed a two-factorial design. The main factor was nitrogen application system, including conventional nitrogen application (N100), 30% nitrogen reduction (N70), and 30% nitrogen reduction combined with sesbania biochar (N70S). The second factors were cropping patterns, including maize monoculture (MM) and maize intercropping with common vetch (IMC). Six treatments were formed: N100-MM, N100-IMC, N70-MM, N70-IMC, N70S-MM, and N70S-IMC. From 2024 to 2025, maize yield, nitrogen absorption and soil physicochemical properties were measured, nitrous oxide emission and ammonia volatilization were monitored, and the nitrogen footprint of the system was quantified by life cycle assessment method. 【Result】 Compared with N100, N70 decreased maize grain yield, aboveground biomass and nitrogen absorption by 7.9%, 6.1% and 4.7%, respectively. In contrast, N70S increased grain yield and biomass by 8.6% and 2.7%, respectively. IMC increased the yield by 3.8% compared with MM. Notably, N70S-IMC increased grain yield, aboveground biomass and nitrogen absorption by 12.6%, 4.3% and 4.0%, respectively, compared with N100-MM. The N70 reduced cumulative N2O emissions and NH3 volatilization by 16.0% to 25.2% and 9.9% to 24.7%, respectively, relative to N100. The N70S further reduced these emissions by 24.8% to 27.7% and 17.6% to 43.9%, respectively. Compared with N100-MM, N70-IMC and N70S-IMC reduced cumulative N2O emissions by 12.1% to 20.1% and 20.1% to 35.8% and NH3 volatilization by 15.3% to 24.3% and 11.2% to 20.1%, respectively. Soil analysis showed that, compared with N100-MM, N70-IMC decreased soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and microbial nitrogen (MBN) by 17.6%, 15.6%, and 9.6%, respectively. While N70S-IMC decreased NH4+-N and soluble organic nitrogen (DON) by 15.6% and 7.3%, respectively, but increased total nitrogen (TN) and MBN by 3.9% and 25.0%, respectively. Random forest analysis indicated that soil NO3--N, NH4+-N, MBN and DON were the key factors driving N2O emissions, while NH3 volatilization was mainly driven by NO3--N, NH4+-N and TN. Life cycle assessment indicated that the nitrogen footprint under N70-IMC and N70S-IMC was decreased by 28.9% and 39.7%, respectively, compared with the N100-MM. Furthermore, the nitrogen footprint of the N70S-IMC treatment was 10.4% lower than that under N70-MM. 【Conclusion】 The combination of maize-green manure intercropping, 30% nitrogen reduction, and sesbania biochar application increased grain yield and nitrogen absorption, improved key soil properties, and lowered N2O emissions, NH3 volatilization, and the system’s nitrogen footprint, which was an effective path for green and sustainable maize production in the Northwest Oasis Irrigation District.
, authors=JiaJia WU
1, Rui LIU
1, XinYan LI
1, JiuDong ZHANG
2, DanNa CHANG
3, WeiDong CAO
3, authorsList=JiaJia WU, Rui LIU, XinYan LI, JiuDong ZHANG, DanNa CHANG, WeiDong CAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1302192613415743798, articleId=1302192609661841700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, language=CN, title=间作绿肥下减氮并配施生物炭降低玉米生产氮足迹, columnId=1302192608739087294, journalTitle=中国农业科学, columnName=土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
【目的】 玉米间作豆科绿肥能够实现节肥增效,施用生物炭是减少农田气态氮损失的有效措施。然而,关于间作绿肥下减氮并配施生物炭对氮素气态损失及系统氮足迹的影响尚不明确。为此,本研究通过田间试验,明确该模式对氮素气态损失与系统氮足迹的综合影响,为西北绿洲灌区玉米生产的绿色发展提供技术途径。【方法】 于2021年在甘肃武威绿洲农业试验站开始设置田间试验,双因素设计,主因素为施氮制度,包括常规施氮(N100),减氮30%(N70),减氮30%配施田菁生物炭(N70S)。副因素为种植模式,分别为玉米单作(MM)和玉米间作箭筈豌豆(IMC)。共形成6个处理:N100-MM、N100-IMC、N70-MM、N70-IMC、N70S-MM、N70S-IMC。测定2024—2025年玉米产量、氮素吸收及土壤理化性状,同步监测氧化亚氮(N2O)排放与氨(NH3)挥发,并采用生命周期评价法量化系统氮足迹。【结果】 相比常规施氮,减氮30%玉米籽粒产量、地上部生物量和氮素累积量分别降低7.9%、6.1%和4.7%;而配施田菁生物炭籽粒产量和地上部生物量分别增加8.6%和2.7%。玉米间作绿肥较单作增产3.8%。N70S-IMC较N100-MM处理产量、生物量和氮素累积量分别增加了12.6%、4.3%和4.0%。减氮30%处理的N2O和NH3累积排放量分别降低16.0%—25.2%和9.9%—24.7%,配施田菁生物炭处理分别降低24.8%—27.7%和17.6%—43.9%。相比N100-MM,N70-IMC处理的N2O和NH3累积排放量分别降低了12.1%—20.1%和11.2%—20.1%,N70S-IMC处理分别降低15.3%—24.3%和20.1%—35.8%。N70-IMC较N100-MM处理土壤铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)和微生物量氮(MBN)分别降低17.6%、15.6%和9.6%,N70S-IMC处理土壤NH4+-N和可溶性有机氮(DON)分别降低15.6%和7.3%,全氮(TN)和MBN分别增加3.9%和25.0%。随机森林分析表明,土壤NO3--N、NH4+-N、MBN和DON是驱动N2O排放的关键因子,而NH3挥发主要受NO3--N、NH4+-N和全氮驱动。生命周期评价表明,相比N100-MM处理,N70-IMC和N70S-IMC处理的氮足迹分别降低28.9%和39.7%,N70S-IMC较N70-IMC处理氮足迹降低了10.4%。【结论】 玉米间作绿肥减氮30%配施田菁生物炭能够增加玉米产量和氮素吸收,改善土壤理化性状,降低N2O排放、NH3挥发及系统氮足迹,是西北绿洲灌区玉米绿色可持续生产的有效路径。
, authors=吴佳佳
1, 刘蕊
1, 李鑫艳
1, 张久东
2, 常单娜
3, 曹卫东
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1, address=
1 College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, Shanxi, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1302192615768748356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, authorId=1302192615600976193, language=CN, stringName=吴佳佳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 山西农业大学资源环境学院, 山西太谷 030800, bio={"content":"
吴佳佳,E-mail:2978594601@qq.com。
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吴佳佳,E-mail:2978594601@qq.com。
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1 College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, Shanxi), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192613717733689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192613692567863, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 山西农业大学资源环境学院, 山西太谷 030800)])]), Author(id=1302192616041378118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1302192616121069896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, authorId=1302192616041378118, language=EN, stringName=Rui LIU, firstName=Rui, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1 College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, Shanxi, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1302192616393699657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, authorId=1302192616041378118, language=CN, stringName=刘蕊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1 山西农业大学资源环境学院, 山西太谷 030800, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1302192613692567863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192613705150776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192613692567863, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, Shanxi), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192613717733689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192613692567863, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 山西农业大学资源环境学院, 山西太谷 030800)])]), Author(id=1302192616465002827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1302192616527917389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, authorId=1302192616465002827, language=EN, stringName=XinYan LI, firstName=XinYan, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1 College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, Shanxi, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1302192616733438286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, authorId=1302192616465002827, language=CN, stringName=李鑫艳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1 山西农业大学资源环境学院, 山西太谷 030800, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1302192613692567863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192613705150776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192613692567863, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, Shanxi), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192613717733689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192613692567863, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 山西农业大学资源环境学院, 山西太谷 030800)])]), Author(id=1302192616871850320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1302192616934764882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, authorId=1302192616871850320, language=EN, stringName=JiuDong ZHANG, firstName=JiuDong, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, address=
2 Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water-Saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1302192616997679443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, authorId=1302192616871850320, language=CN, stringName=张久东, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, address=
2 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所, 兰州 730070, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1302192615378678074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192615387066683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192615378678074, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所, 兰州 730070)])]), Author(id=1302192617081565525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=changdanna@caas.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1302192617219977559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, authorId=1302192617081565525, language=EN, stringName=DanNa CHANG, firstName=DanNa, middleName=null, lastName=CHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, address=
3 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China, Beijing 100081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1302192617295475032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, authorId=1302192617081565525, language=CN, stringName=常单娜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, address=
3 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室, 北京 100081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1302192615483535677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192615491924286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192615483535677, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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36(8): 1089-1096. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of biochar, straw and manure fertilizer on nitrogen mineralization and nitrification of coastal saline-alkali soil, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1302192624400626048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, awardId=2021YFD1700200, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700200), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1302192624467734913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, awardId=CARS-22, language=CN, fundingSource=国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1302192624568398210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=中国农业科学院科技创新工程, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1302192613692567863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192613705150776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192613692567863, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, Shanxi), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192613717733689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192613692567863, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 山西农业大学资源环境学院, 山西太谷 030800)]), AuthorCompany(id=1302192615378678074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192615387066683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192615378678074, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water-Saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192615399649596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192615378678074, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所, 兰州 730070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1302192615483535677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192615491924286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192615483535677, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China, Beijing 100081), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192615500312895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, companyId=1302192615483535677, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室, 北京 100081)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1302192620759970156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
Information of spatial arrangement of maize monoculture and maize intercropped with green manure systems, figureFileSmall=uOrvZUYdf3T/sYGVGmmJJw==, figureFileBig=0Vi60xZG97COCpf4vK+y6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192620839661933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
玉米单作和玉米间作绿肥模式田间布置参数, figureFileSmall=uOrvZUYdf3T/sYGVGmmJJw==, figureFileBig=0Vi60xZG97COCpf4vK+y6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621099708782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Grain yield, biomass and nitrogen accumulation in 2024 and 2025 MM: Maize monoculture; IMC: Maize intercropping with green manure; N100: Conventional N; N70: 70% chemical; N70S: 70% chemical N combined with sesbania biochar; N: Nitrogen application regime; C: Cropping pattern; N×C: Interaction between nitrogen application regime and cropping patterns. Significant differences among different lowercase letters represent significant differences among treatments (n=6, P<0.05), and significant differences among different capital letters represent significant differences among N fertilizer systems (n=3, P<0.05). *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001. The same as below
, figureFileSmall=laT9neuIlq/3XKDOHa2G/w==, figureFileBig=mqUKOUzJQS6z/H8S3ywIZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621212954991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
玉米籽粒产量、生物量和氮素累积量(2024—2025年) MM:玉米单作;IMC:玉米间作绿肥;N100:常规施氮;N70:减氮30%;N70S:减氮30%配施田菁生物炭;N:施氮制度;C:种植模式;N×C:施氮制度与种植模式间的交互作用。图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(n=6,P<0.05),不同大写字母代表施氮制度间差异显著(n=3,P<0.05)。*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01;***:P<0.001。下同
, figureFileSmall=laT9neuIlq/3XKDOHa2G/w==, figureFileBig=mqUKOUzJQS6z/H8S3ywIZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621317812592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
N2O emission fluxes under different treatments, figureFileSmall=InmG6mTe/LNfuzyvMCQ/oQ==, figureFileBig=AJFXWu+owjIXHxpDN8rgSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621389115761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
不同处理下N2O排放通量, figureFileSmall=InmG6mTe/LNfuzyvMCQ/oQ==, figureFileBig=AJFXWu+owjIXHxpDN8rgSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621460418930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Cumulative N2O emissions under different treatments, figureFileSmall=4v+8nwvzkFrvMxMSofPxKA==, figureFileBig=kKe21YvV8GwgyLHOK/TXLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621535916403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
不同处理N2O累积排放量, figureFileSmall=4v+8nwvzkFrvMxMSofPxKA==, figureFileBig=kKe21YvV8GwgyLHOK/TXLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621598830964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
NH3 volatilization rate under different treatments, figureFileSmall=eCOvpI2f2tUOFkEX7b3Zcg==, figureFileBig=zUQcPo+QFJu4qwXsNaWHDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621665939829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
不同处理NH3 挥发速率, figureFileSmall=eCOvpI2f2tUOFkEX7b3Zcg==, figureFileBig=zUQcPo+QFJu4qwXsNaWHDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621733048694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
NH3 volatilization accumulation under different treatments, figureFileSmall=VSOoAE9Nd9mZ7HP3u1ogmg==, figureFileBig=WoK2cuKMPLKoqWkqDoNggQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621833711991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
不同处理NH3累积挥发量, figureFileSmall=VSOoAE9Nd9mZ7HP3u1ogmg==, figureFileBig=WoK2cuKMPLKoqWkqDoNggQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621909209464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Mantel Test and Random Forest Model of the relationship between N2O emissions, NH3 volatilization and environmental factors Soil nutrients represent the two-year average, and the emissions of N2O and NH3 are the two-year average cumulative emissions. SOM: Organic matter; TN: Total nitrogen; AP: Available phosphorus; AK: Available potassium; MBC: Microbial carbon; MBN: Microbial nitrogen; DOC: Soluble organic carbon; DON: Soluble organic nitrogen
, figureFileSmall=5eIjg4rceQ1FQF3Ppf74Eg==, figureFileBig=5Cz2KezQOLAj1+rZJYpJMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192621988901241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
N2O排放量、NH3挥发量与土壤环境因子之间的Mantel分析和随机森林模型 土壤养分为两年平均值,N2O和NH3是两年平均累积排放量。SOM:有机质;TN:全氮;AP:有效磷;AK:有效钾;MBC:微生物量碳;MBN:微生物量氮;DOC:可溶性有机碳;DON:可溶性有机氮
, figureFileSmall=5eIjg4rceQ1FQF3Ppf74Eg==, figureFileBig=5Cz2KezQOLAj1+rZJYpJMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192622093758842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
Nitrogen footprint under different treatments (average for 2024-2025), figureFileSmall=4xMkiL3DeDpgBiM6Yws7CQ==, figureFileBig=0aMuRHwXr5qx7xHBX8oN5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192622177644923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
不同处理中氮足迹(2024—2025年平均值), figureFileSmall=4xMkiL3DeDpgBiM6Yws7CQ==, figureFileBig=0aMuRHwXr5qx7xHBX8oN5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192622290891132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Active nitrogen emission co-efficient of agricultural input data
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
投入 Input | 单位 Unit | 活性氮损失系数 Cumulative reactive N losses (kg N-eq·kg-1) | 来源 Source |
| 氮肥N fertilizer | kg N | 7.15×10-3 | [29] |
| 磷肥P fertilizer | kg P2O5 | 1.83×10-4 |
| 除草剂Herbicide | kg | 4.69×10-3 |
| 杀虫剂Insecticide | kg | 4.69×10-3 |
| 农膜Agricultural film | kg N-eq·kg-1 | 1.2×10-4 |
| 柴油Diesel | L | 2.86×10-2 |
| 灌溉用电Irrigation electricity | kWh | 1.97×10-3 |
| 生物炭Biochar | kg N-eq·t-1 | -1.26 | [30] |
), ArticleFig(id=1302192622408331645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
农业投入数据的活性氮损失系数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
投入 Input | 单位 Unit | 活性氮损失系数 Cumulative reactive N losses (kg N-eq·kg-1) | 来源 Source |
| 氮肥N fertilizer | kg N | 7.15×10-3 | [29] |
| 磷肥P fertilizer | kg P2O5 | 1.83×10-4 |
| 除草剂Herbicide | kg | 4.69×10-3 |
| 杀虫剂Insecticide | kg | 4.69×10-3 |
| 农膜Agricultural film | kg N-eq·kg-1 | 1.2×10-4 |
| 柴油Diesel | L | 2.86×10-2 |
| 灌溉用电Irrigation electricity | kWh | 1.97×10-3 |
| 生物炭Biochar | kg N-eq·t-1 | -1.26 | [30] |
), ArticleFig(id=1302192622517383550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Soil physicochemical properties under different treatments in 2024 and 2025
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份 Year | 施氮制度 Fertilization system | 种植模式 Cropping pattern | pH | 有机质 SOM (g·kg-1) | 全氮 TN (g·kg-1) | 有效磷 AP (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 AK (mg·kg-1) | 铵态氮 NH4+-N (mg·kg-1) | 硝态氮 NO3--N (mg·kg-1) | 可溶性有机碳 DOC (mg·kg-1) | 可溶性有机氮 DON (mg·kg-1) | 微生物量碳 MBC (mg·kg-1) | 微生物量氮 MBN (mg·kg-1) |
| 2024 | N100 | MM | 8.33±0.01b | C | 24.9±0.7ab | A
| 1.3±0.2c | B
| 23.9±1.6a | A
| 78.8±3.3a | A | 1.3±0.7b | A
| 15.3±0.9b | A
| 112.7±0.5b | A
| 43.5±0.6b | A
| 102.1±2.8c | B
| 32.9±1.0b | A |
| IMC | 8.27±0.02c | 25.7±0.4a | 1.3±0.1b | 24.8±0.7a | 77.3±2.8a | 1.4±0.1a | 17.9±0.8a | 118.1±3.3a | 45.7±0.7a | 111.9±7.0b | 37.1±1.6a |
| N70 | MM | 8.31±0.04bc | B | 24.2±0.2b | B
| 1.3±0.1d | C
| 20.0±0.4b | B
| 74.7±4.6a | A
| 0.9±0.1d | B
| 10.5±0.4d | B
| 97.1±1.3c | B
| 38.7±0.7e | B
| 90.2±0.4d | C
| 26.1±0.7d | B |
| IMC | 8.47±0.03a | 24.6±0.6ab | 1.3±0.1c | 21.3±1.6ab | 78.5±3.0a | 1.1±0.1c | 13.0±0.8c | 108.5±1.2b | 41.9±1.4c | 94.7±1.8d | 29.8±1.0c |
| N70S | MM | 8.48±0.01a | A | 25.3±0.3ab | A
| 1.4±0.1b | A
| 22.5±3.2ab | A
| 79.2±2.3a | A
| 1.0±0.1d | B
| 11.8±0.9cd | B
| 101.4±1.6c | B
| 39.6±0.8de | B
| 109.2±3.4b | A
| 28.1±0.7c | B |
| IMC | 8.47±0.01a | 25.3±1.0ab | 1.4±0.1a | 23.8±2.1a | 75.7±1.0a | 1.1±0.1c | 14.8±0.5b | 108.1±5.2b | 40.6±0.4cd | 127.6±4.8a | 32.6±0.6b |
| 双因素方差分析 Two-way analysis of variance |
| N | 78.478*** | 4.425* | 72.058*** | 6.51* | 0.365 | 33.977*** | 68.65*** | 38.142*** | 77.560*** | 40.365*** | 159.084*** |
| C | 6.648* | 1.645 | 27.333*** | 1.807 | 0.073 | 19.374*** | 61.437*** | 38.519*** | 26.094*** | 38.371*** | 81.562*** |
| N×C | 35.836*** | 0.606 | 1.21 | 0.024 | 2.323 | 0.036 | 0.241 | 2.146 | 0.932 | 1.358 | 0.144 |
| 2025 | N100 | MM | 8.45±0.01a | A | 23.8±0.7ab | A
| 1.2±0.3a | A | 25.0±0.6a | A
| 76.5±2.3a | A | 1.5±0.1ab | A
| 16.6±0.9b | A
| 95.7±0.5b | A
| 38.8±0.5b | A
| 106.9±2.8cd | B | 39.9±1.2b | A |
| IMC | 8.39±0.02a | 24.5±0.4a | 1.2±0.5a | 25.9±2.7a | 75.0±1.1a | 1.6±0.2a | 19.6±0.9a | 100.4±2.9a | 41.0±0.7a | 116.7±7.0b | 45.1±2.0a |
| N70 | MM | 8.42±0.04a | A | 23.1±0.2b | B
| 1.2±1.0a | A | 19.7±2.6b | B
| 72.4±4.7a | A
| 1.2±0.2bc | B
| 11.5±0.5d | B
| 82.1±1.1c | B
| 34.1±0.7d | B
| 105.0±0.4d | B | 31.5±0.8d | B |
| IMC | 8.41±0.15a | 23.4±0.6ab | 1.2±0.3a | 22.3±1.6ab | 76.2±2.1a | 1.2±0.2c | 14.1±0.9c | 92.1±1.0b | 37.2±1.4b | 105.5±4.1d | 36.1±1.2c |
| N70S | MM | 8.49±0.09a | A | 24.2±0.3ab | A
| 1.2±0.3a | A
| 23.5±1.1ab | A
| 76.8±1.3a | A
| 1.1±0.1c | B
| 12.9±0.9cd | B
| 85.8±1.4c | B
| 35.0±0.8c | B
| 113.9±3.4b | A | 34.0±0.8c | B |
| IMC | 8.44±0.03a | 24.2±1.0ab | 1.3±0.1a | 24.8±1.0a | 73.3±0.8a | 1.3±0.1bc | 16.2±0.6b | 91.7±4.5b | 36.0±0.4c | 132.4±4.8a | 39.5±0.7b |
| 双因素方差分析 Two-way analysis of variance |
| N | 0.001 | 6.6455* | 0.618 | 13.165** | 0.659 | 16.019*** | 128.874*** | 65.884*** | 79.260*** | 7.125* | 138.274*** |
| C | 2.053 | 1.548 | 1.082 | 1.816 | 0.67 | 3.561 | 56.548*** | 29.397*** | 22.436*** | 30.166*** | 78.611*** |
| N×C | 0.251 | 0.339 | 0.07 | 0.515 | 2.205 | 0.715 | 0.115 | 3.908 | 0.283 | 3.623 | 0.384 |
), ArticleFig(id=1302192622672572799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192609661841700, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
不同处理中土壤理化性状(2024-2025年)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份 Year | 施氮制度 Fertilization system | 种植模式 Cropping pattern | pH | 有机质 SOM (g·kg-1) | 全氮 TN (g·kg-1) | 有效磷 AP (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 AK (mg·kg-1) | 铵态氮 NH4+-N (mg·kg-1) | 硝态氮 NO3--N (mg·kg-1) | 可溶性有机碳 DOC (mg·kg-1) | 可溶性有机氮 DON (mg·kg-1) | 微生物量碳 MBC (mg·kg-1) | 微生物量氮 MBN (mg·kg-1) |
| 2024 | N100 | MM | 8.33±0.01b | C | 24.9±0.7ab | A
| 1.3±0.2c | B
| 23.9±1.6a | A
| 78.8±3.3a | A | 1.3±0.7b | A
| 15.3±0.9b | A
| 112.7±0.5b | A
| 43.5±0.6b | A
| 102.1±2.8c | B
| 32.9±1.0b | A |
| IMC | 8.27±0.02c | 25.7±0.4a | 1.3±0.1b | 24.8±0.7a | 77.3±2.8a | 1.4±0.1a | 17.9±0.8a | 118.1±3.3a | 45.7±0.7a | 111.9±7.0b | 37.1±1.6a |
| N70 | MM | 8.31±0.04bc | B | 24.2±0.2b | B
| 1.3±0.1d | C
| 20.0±0.4b | B
| 74.7±4.6a | A
| 0.9±0.1d | B
| 10.5±0.4d | B
| 97.1±1.3c | B
| 38.7±0.7e | B
| 90.2±0.4d | C
| 26.1±0.7d | B |
| IMC | 8.47±0.03a | 24.6±0.6ab | 1.3±0.1c | 21.3±1.6ab | 78.5±3.0a | 1.1±0.1c | 13.0±0.8c | 108.5±1.2b | 41.9±1.4c | 94.7±1.8d | 29.8±1.0c |
| N70S | MM | 8.48±0.01a | A | 25.3±0.3ab | A
| 1.4±0.1b | A
| 22.5±3.2ab | A
| 79.2±2.3a | A
| 1.0±0.1d | B
| 11.8±0.9cd | B
| 101.4±1.6c | B
| 39.6±0.8de | B
| 109.2±3.4b | A
| 28.1±0.7c | B |
| IMC | 8.47±0.01a | 25.3±1.0ab | 1.4±0.1a | 23.8±2.1a | 75.7±1.0a | 1.1±0.1c | 14.8±0.5b | 108.1±5.2b | 40.6±0.4cd | 127.6±4.8a | 32.6±0.6b |
| 双因素方差分析 Two-way analysis of variance |
| N | 78.478*** | 4.425* | 72.058*** | 6.51* | 0.365 | 33.977*** | 68.65*** | 38.142*** | 77.560*** | 40.365*** | 159.084*** |
| C | 6.648* | 1.645 | 27.333*** | 1.807 | 0.073 | 19.374*** | 61.437*** | 38.519*** | 26.094*** | 38.371*** | 81.562*** |
| N×C | 35.836*** | 0.606 | 1.21 | 0.024 | 2.323 | 0.036 | 0.241 | 2.146 | 0.932 | 1.358 | 0.144 |
| 2025 | N100 | MM | 8.45±0.01a | A | 23.8±0.7ab | A
| 1.2±0.3a | A | 25.0±0.6a | A
| 76.5±2.3a | A | 1.5±0.1ab | A
| 16.6±0.9b | A
| 95.7±0.5b | A
| 38.8±0.5b | A
| 106.9±2.8cd | B | 39.9±1.2b | A |
| IMC | 8.39±0.02a | 24.5±0.4a | 1.2±0.5a | 25.9±2.7a | 75.0±1.1a | 1.6±0.2a | 19.6±0.9a | 100.4±2.9a | 41.0±0.7a | 116.7±7.0b | 45.1±2.0a |
| N70 | MM | 8.42±0.04a | A | 23.1±0.2b | B
| 1.2±1.0a | A | 19.7±2.6b | B
| 72.4±4.7a | A
| 1.2±0.2bc | B
| 11.5±0.5d | B
| 82.1±1.1c | B
| 34.1±0.7d | B
| 105.0±0.4d | B | 31.5±0.8d | B |
| IMC | 8.41±0.15a | 23.4±0.6ab | 1.2±0.3a | 22.3±1.6ab | 76.2±2.1a | 1.2±0.2c | 14.1±0.9c | 92.1±1.0b | 37.2±1.4b | 105.5±4.1d | 36.1±1.2c |
| N70S | MM | 8.49±0.09a | A | 24.2±0.3ab | A
| 1.2±0.3a | A
| 23.5±1.1ab | A
| 76.8±1.3a | A
| 1.1±0.1c | B
| 12.9±0.9cd | B
| 85.8±1.4c | B
| 35.0±0.8c | B
| 113.9±3.4b | A | 34.0±0.8c | B |
| IMC | 8.44±0.03a | 24.2±1.0ab | 1.3±0.1a | 24.8±1.0a | 73.3±0.8a | 1.3±0.1bc | 16.2±0.6b | 91.7±4.5b | 36.0±0.4c | 132.4±4.8a | 39.5±0.7b |
| 双因素方差分析 Two-way analysis of variance |
| N | 0.001 | 6.6455* | 0.618 | 13.165** | 0.659 | 16.019*** | 128.874*** | 65.884*** | 79.260*** | 7.125* | 138.274*** |
| C | 2.053 | 1.548 | 1.082 | 1.816 | 0.67 | 3.561 | 56.548*** | 29.397*** | 22.436*** | 30.166*** | 78.611*** |
| N×C | 0.251 | 0.339 | 0.07 | 0.515 | 2.205 | 0.715 | 0.115 | 3.908 | 0.283 | 3.623 | 0.384 |
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