Article(id=1302192590133162112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, issueId=1302192562882761358, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1768406400000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1778688000000, acceptedDateStr=2026-05-14, onlineDate=1788396507055, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1786809600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788396507055, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788396507055, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788396507055, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302192562882761358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, year='2026', volume='59', issue='16', pageStart='3465', pageEnd='3698', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786809600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-16', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788396500558, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405251849, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302229268860264480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, issueId=1302192562882761358, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302229268860264481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, issueId=1302192562882761358, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3541, endPage=3555, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302192590925885570, articleId=1302192590133162112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, language=EN, title=Identification of Yield-Limiting Factors Associated with Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Soil Nutrients in Long-Term Continuous Sugarcane Cultivation Fields, columnId=1302192590426763393, journalTitle=Scientia Agricultura Sinica, columnName=TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
【Objective】 This study aimed to reveal the spatiotemporal variation in characteristics of soil chemical properties and their relationship with sugarcane yield under long-term continuous cropping, identify the key soil factors limiting sugarcane productivity, and provide a scientific basis for sustainable soil management in sugarcane fields.【Method】 A space-for-time substitution approach was adopted with five continuous cropping duration treatments: CK (0 a), T1 (1 a), T2 (10-19 a), T3 (20-29 a), and T4 (>35 a). Sugarcane yield and soil chemical properties within the 0-60 cm profile (stratified into 0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm layers) were systematically analyzed, including pH, soil organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), and available micronutrients contents. The integrated fertility index (IFI) was calculated using factor analysis combined with correlation coefficient analysis and the Nemerow composite index method. Two machine learning algorithms-Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Random Forest (RF)-were employed to quantify the relative contribution of individual soil chemical indicators to sugarcane yield.【Result】 (1) Long-term continuous cropping significantly reduced sugarcane yield (P<0.05), with a 13.68% decline observed in the T4 treatment(>35 years)compared with the CK, and induced deterioration in soil chemical properties. (2) Soil acidification was intensified under continuous cropping, exhibiting significant layer-specific characteristics. Compared with the control (CK), the mean soil pH decreased to 4.60 after more than 20 years of continuous cropping. The subsurface layer (20-40 cm) exhibited the most severe acidification, with pH values significantly lower than the CK in the T3 and T4 treatment groups. (3) Soil nutrients exhibited obvious surface enrichment and accumulation of certain elements. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the surface layer (0-20 cm) were significantly higher than in deeper layers. Prolonged continuous cropping led to significant accumulation of available potassium and available zinc, increasing by 320.47% and 164.13%, respectively, in the surface layer. (4) The soil integrated fertility index (IFI) decreased significantly with soil depth. Although long-term continuous cropping improved average fertility in the surface layer, it exacerbated the variability and spatial heterogeneity of fertility in deeper soil layers. (5) Both XGBoost and RF analyses consistently identified soil pH in the 20-40 cm layer as the primary limiting factor determining sugarcane yield, with a relative importance contribution substantially greater than that of surface available nutrients and other soil indicators.【Conclusion】 Under long-term continuous sugarcane cultivation, soils exhibited a spatiotemporal soil pattern characterized by surface nutrient enrichment and severe subsurface acidification. Acidification in the 20-40 cm soil layer constitutes the core obstacle restricting sugarcane productivity. In practical production, management strategies should shift from surface-oriented nutrient application to deep amelioration targeting subsurface acidification.
, authors=Jun DENG
1, 2, Jing AI
2, YuTong WANG
2, JingMei DAO
2, Yong ZHAO
2, Song YE
2, Yan DENG
3, FuSuo ZHANG
1, authorsList=Jun DENG, Jing AI, YuTong WANG, JingMei DAO, Yong ZHAO, Song YE, Yan DENG, FuSuo ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1302192594306494608, articleId=1302192590133162112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, language=CN, title=长期连作蔗地土壤养分时空分异特征的产量限制因子识别, columnId=1302192591009771651, journalTitle=中国农业科学, columnName=耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
【目的】 揭示长期连作蔗地土壤化学性质的分异特征及其与产量的关系,识别制约甘蔗产量提升的关键土壤因子,为蔗地可持续管理提供科学依据。【方法】 采用空间代替时间试验,分析不同连作种植年限CK(0 a)、T1(1 a)、T2(10—19 a)、T3(20—29 a)和T4(>35 a)下甘蔗产量及0—60 cm土壤剖面(0—20、20—40、40—60 cm)的化学性质(pH、有机质、速效氮磷钾及全量、有效态微量元素等)演变规律。采用因子分析法、相关系数法及内梅罗指数法评价土壤综合肥力(IFI)。最后,运用极端梯度提升(XGBoost)和随机森林(RF)2种机器学习模型,量化土壤化学指标对甘蔗产量的相对重要性。【结果】 (1)长期连作导致甘蔗产量显著下降(P<0.05),连作>35 a处理较CK降幅达13.68%,并引发土壤化学性质的劣化。(2)长期连作导致土壤酸化加剧,且具有显著的土层特异性。与CK比,连作>20 a土壤pH均值降至4.60;土壤亚表层(20—40 cm)酸化最严重,连作20—29 a和>35 a处理下该层pH较CK显著下降。(3)土壤养分呈现明显的“表聚性”和部分元素的累积效应。0—20 cm表层土中有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷显著高于其他层;随连作年限延长,速效钾、有效锌出现显著积累,其中表层增幅分别为320.47%和164.13%。(4)土壤综合肥力指数随土层深度增加而显著递减,虽长期连作提升表层土的平均肥力,但加剧深层土肥力的不稳定性与空间异质性。(5)XGBoost和RF模型分析一致表明,20—40 cm土层的pH是决定甘蔗产量的首要限制因子,其重要性贡献率远超表层速效养分及其他指标。【结论】 长期连作下蔗地土壤呈现表层养分富集、亚表层严重酸化的时空分布特征,20—40 cm土层的酸化是制约甘蔗生产力提升的核心障碍因子。生产实践中应从表土层施肥转向针对亚表层土壤酸化的深层改良与调控。
, authors=邓军
1, 2, 艾静
2, 王禹童
2, 刀静梅
2, 赵勇
2, 叶松
2, 邓燕
3, 张福锁
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1 College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Nutrient Resources, Beijing 100094
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1 中国农业大学资源与环境学院/养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室, 北京 100094
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2 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所, 云南开远 661699)]), AuthorCompany(id=1302192594675593367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192594683981976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, companyId=1302192594675593367, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192594688176281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, companyId=1302192594675593367, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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Distribution of sampling sites, figureFileSmall=aQgB7SKAmF/puSErBH8GkA==, figureFileBig=YmtSMhHPF3f3wxN2g2HHuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192599083806928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
采样点分布图, figureFileSmall=aQgB7SKAmF/puSErBH8GkA==, figureFileBig=YmtSMhHPF3f3wxN2g2HHuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192599247384785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Sugarcane yield (A), sucrose content (B), soil pH (C) and organic matter content (D) in different soil layers under different continuous cropping years Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different continuous cropping years for the same indicator (P<0.05). 0 a represents control soil without sugarcane planting; 1 a, 10—19 a, 20—29 a, and >35 a represent continuous cropping for 1 year, 10—19 years, 20—29 years, and 35 years or more, respectively; A, B, and C represent 0-20 cm, 20—40 cm, and 40—60 cm soil layers, respectively. The same as below
, figureFileSmall=Y9BX0tG5Xir+BgKc9zYggQ==, figureFileBig=KZuNTJC02R/E//UF86W6qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192599322882258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
不同连作年限下甘蔗产量(A)、蔗糖分(B)和不同土层土壤pH(C)及有机质含量(D) 不同小写字母表示同一指标不同连作年限间差异显著(P<0.05)。0 a表示未种植甘蔗的对照土壤,1、10—19、20—29、>35 a分别表示连作1年、10—19年、20—29年和35年及以上;A、B、C分别表示0—20、20—40、40—60 cm土层显著性差异。下同
, figureFileSmall=Y9BX0tG5Xir+BgKc9zYggQ==, figureFileBig=KZuNTJC02R/E//UF86W6qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192599389991123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Soil macronutrient contents in different soil layers under different continuous cropping years, figureFileSmall=+otZ5SinMXTERciu/4NI7g==, figureFileBig=xeupDwLA5qvp1RuynXUSkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192599457099988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
不同连作年限下各土层土壤大量元素含量, figureFileSmall=+otZ5SinMXTERciu/4NI7g==, figureFileBig=xeupDwLA5qvp1RuynXUSkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192599520014549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Soil micronutrient contents in different soil layers under different continuous cropping years, figureFileSmall=1nb8e4u59qcs5BIa3+THKA==, figureFileBig=oqP2sGJVhvC3DcwW1KP/qQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192599578734806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
不同连作年限下各土层土壤微量元素含量, figureFileSmall=1nb8e4u59qcs5BIa3+THKA==, figureFileBig=oqP2sGJVhvC3DcwW1KP/qQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192599637455063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Soil Fertility as influenced by continuous cropping duration and soil depth (0—20, 20—40, 40—60 cm), figureFileSmall=BjAbJXP9XVNZyeXjYut+Lg==, figureFileBig=z8HmNSPF6oRimHJSei7Cwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192599691981016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
不同连作年限0—20、20—40和40—60 cm土层土壤肥力, figureFileSmall=BjAbJXP9XVNZyeXjYut+Lg==, figureFileBig=z8HmNSPF6oRimHJSei7Cwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192599750701273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Performance comparison of XGBoost and RF models for sugarcane yield prediction and importance of soil driving factors A: Relative importance contribution of different soil layers to yield prediction; B: Relative importance of soil nutrient indicators; OM: Organic matter; TN: Total nitrogen; TP: Total phosphorus; TK: Total potassium; AN: Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen; AP: Available phosphorus; AK: Available potassium; Fe: Available iron; Mn: Available manganese; Cu: Available copper; Zn: Available zinc; (C) : Importance ranking of key limiting factors, in which the numeric suffix of each variable name indicates the corresponding soil layer depth (e.g., "AN_20-40" denotes alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the 20-40 cm soil layer); (D) : Validation of model performance by fitting predicted values against measured values, where the dashed line represents the 1﹕1 reference line, the solid line represents the linear regression fit, the shaded area represents the 95% confidence interval, R2 is the coefficient of determination, and RMSE is the root mean square error (t·hm⁻2). Orange and blue represent the XGBoost and RF models, respectively
, figureFileSmall=k8zLE19vWc9NCsHz9B6EGA==, figureFileBig=c8hwy355jVYhfwz3oFjMrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192599830393050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
基于XGBoost和RF的甘蔗产量预测模型性能比较及土壤驱动因子重要性 A:不同土层对产量预测的相对重要性贡献;B:各土壤养分指标的相对重要性:OM:有机质;TN:全氮;TP:全磷;TK:全钾;AN:碱解氮;AP:有效磷;AK:速效钾,Fe:有效态铁,Mn;有效态锰,Cu;有效态铜;Zn:有效态锌;C:关键限制因子的重要性排序,变量名称后缀数字表示所属土层深度(如“AN_20—40”表示20—40 cm土层的碱解氮);D:模型预测值与实测值的拟合验证,虚线为1﹕1参考线,实线为线性拟合线,阴影区域为95%置信区间,R2为决定系数,RMSE为均方根误差(t·hm-2)。橙色代表XGBoost模型,蓝色代表RF模型
, figureFileSmall=k8zLE19vWc9NCsHz9B6EGA==, figureFileBig=c8hwy355jVYhfwz3oFjMrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192599910084827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Historical fertilization practices for sugarcane in Gengma Town
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份 Year | 肥料类型 Fertilizer type | 常规施肥次数及施肥量 Fertilization schedule and application rate | 施肥总量 Total fertilizer applied (kg·hm-2) | 氮磷钾养分总投入量 Total NPK input (kg·hm-2) |
| 2016—2022 | 复合肥(总养分44%,N-P2O5-K2O=26-12-6) Compound fertilizer (total nutrients 44%, N- P2O5-K2O = 26-12-6) | 一次性施肥:肥料全部用于基肥施用 Single application: all applied as basal fertilizer | 1 200 | 528 |
| 2004—2015 | 复合肥(总养分25%,N-P2O5-K2O=10- 10-5)+尿素(含N 46%) Compound fertilizer (total nutrients 25%, N-P2O5-K2O = 10-10-5) + urea (46% N) | 二次施肥:基肥施1 200 kg·hm-2复合肥,追肥施600 kg·hm-2尿素 Two applications: basal application of 1 200 kg·hm-2 compound fertilizer; topdressing with 600 kg·hm-2urea | 1 800 | 576 |
| 1980—2003 | 尿素(含N 46%)+过磷酸钙或钙镁磷肥(含P2O5 12%)+氯化钾(含K2O 60%) Urea (46% N) + single superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate (12% P2O5) + potassium chloride (60% K2O) | 三次施肥:基肥施300 kg·hm-2尿素+750 kg·hm-2过磷酸钙或钙镁磷肥+300 kg·hm-2氯化钾,第一次追肥施600 kg·hm-2尿素,第二次追肥施300 kg·hm-2尿素 Three applications: basal application of 300 kg·hm-2 urea +750 kg·hm-2 single superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate+300 kg·hm-2 potassium chloride; first topdressing: 600 kg·hm-2 urea; second topdressing: 300 kg·hm-2 urea | 2 250 | 822 |
), ArticleFig(id=1302192600023331036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
耿马镇蔗区不同年代甘蔗施肥情况调度表
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份 Year | 肥料类型 Fertilizer type | 常规施肥次数及施肥量 Fertilization schedule and application rate | 施肥总量 Total fertilizer applied (kg·hm-2) | 氮磷钾养分总投入量 Total NPK input (kg·hm-2) |
| 2016—2022 | 复合肥(总养分44%,N-P2O5-K2O=26-12-6) Compound fertilizer (total nutrients 44%, N- P2O5-K2O = 26-12-6) | 一次性施肥:肥料全部用于基肥施用 Single application: all applied as basal fertilizer | 1 200 | 528 |
| 2004—2015 | 复合肥(总养分25%,N-P2O5-K2O=10- 10-5)+尿素(含N 46%) Compound fertilizer (total nutrients 25%, N-P2O5-K2O = 10-10-5) + urea (46% N) | 二次施肥:基肥施1 200 kg·hm-2复合肥,追肥施600 kg·hm-2尿素 Two applications: basal application of 1 200 kg·hm-2 compound fertilizer; topdressing with 600 kg·hm-2urea | 1 800 | 576 |
| 1980—2003 | 尿素(含N 46%)+过磷酸钙或钙镁磷肥(含P2O5 12%)+氯化钾(含K2O 60%) Urea (46% N) + single superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate (12% P2O5) + potassium chloride (60% K2O) | 三次施肥:基肥施300 kg·hm-2尿素+750 kg·hm-2过磷酸钙或钙镁磷肥+300 kg·hm-2氯化钾,第一次追肥施600 kg·hm-2尿素,第二次追肥施300 kg·hm-2尿素 Three applications: basal application of 300 kg·hm-2 urea +750 kg·hm-2 single superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate+300 kg·hm-2 potassium chloride; first topdressing: 600 kg·hm-2 urea; second topdressing: 300 kg·hm-2 urea | 2 250 | 822 |
), ArticleFig(id=1302192600115605725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
The grading standard of soil properties
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分级 Grade | 有机质含量 Organic matter content (g·kg-1) | 全氮含量 Total nitrogen content (g·kg-1) | 全磷含量 Total phosphorus content (g·kg-1) | 全钾含量 Total potassium content (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮含量 Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷含量 Available phosphorus content (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾含量 Available potassium content (mg·kg-1) | pH |
| >7 | <7 |
| Xa | 10 | 0.75 | 0.4 | 5 | 60 | 3 | 40 | 8.5 | 4.5 |
| Xc | 20 | 1.50 | 0.6 | 20 | 120 | 10 | 100 | 8.0 | 5.5 |
| Xp | 30 | 2.00 | 1.0 | 25 | 180 | 20 | 150 | 7.5 | 6.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1302192602212757726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192590133162112, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
土壤各属性分级标准值
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分级 Grade | 有机质含量 Organic matter content (g·kg-1) | 全氮含量 Total nitrogen content (g·kg-1) | 全磷含量 Total phosphorus content (g·kg-1) | 全钾含量 Total potassium content (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮含量 Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷含量 Available phosphorus content (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾含量 Available potassium content (mg·kg-1) | pH |
| >7 | <7 |
| Xa | 10 | 0.75 | 0.4 | 5 | 60 | 3 | 40 | 8.5 | 4.5 |
| Xc | 20 | 1.50 | 0.6 | 20 | 120 | 10 | 100 | 8.0 | 5.5 |
| Xp | 30 | 2.00 | 1.0 | 25 | 180 | 20 | 150 | 7.5 | 6.5 |
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