Article(id=1302192643644084524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, issueId=1302192562882761358, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1767628800000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1780416000000, acceptedDateStr=2026-06-03, onlineDate=1788396519814, onlineDateStr=2026-09-03, pubDate=1786809600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-16, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788396519814, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788396519814, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788396519814, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1302192562882761358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, year='2026', volume='59', issue='16', pageStart='3465', pageEnd='3698', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786809600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-16', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788396500558, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405251849, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302229268860264480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, issueId=1302192562882761358, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302229268860264481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, issueId=1302192562882761358, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3519, endPage=3540, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1302192643816050989, articleId=1302192643644084524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, language=EN, title=Analysis of Interrelationships Among Yield Source, Flow, and Sink Traits in Soybean Cultivars, columnId=1302192590426763393, journalTitle=Scientia Agricultura Sinica, columnName=TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【Objective】 To evaluate the contributions of source, flow and sink traits to soybean yield, clarify the relationships among these traits during yield formation, reveal the key physiological mechanisms underlying soybean yield formation, and provide a theoretical basis for soybean breeding. 【Method】 Qihuang 34, Lindou 9, Weidou 9, and Hedou 12 were investigated during the pod-setting and seed-filling stages. The photosynthetic performance, assimilate partitioning, and dry matter accumulation were analyzed throughout plant development by using 13C isotope labeling. Source-flow-sink traits were comprehensively evaluated, and radar chart analysis was applied to characterize the coordination of these traits among cultivars during yield formation.【Result】 (1) The correlations between source, flow and sink traits and yield varied considerably. The contributions of these traits to yield ranked as follows: leaf area index > 100-seed weight > net photosynthetic rate > palisade tissue thickness > effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) > glutamine synthetase activity > glutamate synthase activity > mean sieve tube diameter > stomatal conductance > midrib diameter. (2) Significant interactions were observed among source, flow and sink traits. Source-sink interactions were reflected by positive correlations of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate with 100-seed weight. Source-flow interactions were indicated by positive correlations of palisade tissue thickness and leaf thickness with net photosynthetic rate, whereas flow-sink interactions were represented by a positive correlation between mean sieve tube diameter and 100-seed weight. (3) Source, flow and sink traits differed markedly among cultivars. Qihuang 34 exhibited higher leaf area index, palisade tissue thickness, leaf thickness, net photosynthetic rate, ΦPSII, sustained dry matter accumulation in main stem pods, yield, 100-seed weight, glutamine synthetase activity, glutamate synthase activity, 3-day assimilate translocation to main stem pods and sustained assimilate translocation than the other three cultivars. Hedou 12 showed the largest midrib diameter, Weidou 9 had the highest seed number per plant, and Lindou 9 exhibited the greatest carbon assimilation capacity of branch pods. These results indicate that high soybean yield depends on the coordinated regulation of source, flow and sink traits rather than on any single trait.【Conclusion】 Among the four cultivars, Qihuang 34 achieved the highest yield owing to its larger leaf area index, stronger assimilate transport capacity, and greater 100-seed weight. Breeding high-yield soybean cultivars with coordinated source, flow and sink characteristics should prioritize germplasm with high photosynthetic efficiency based on ΦPSII, net photosynthetic rate and leaf area index, followed by evaluation of assimilate transport efficiency using leaf and vascular bundle anatomical traits and assessment of yield potential through nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities and sink capacity.

, authors=Ke WANG1, 2, HaoRan GONG2, YuBin WANG1, YanWei ZHANG1, CaiJie WANG1, Xin LIU2, Ran XU1, authorsList=Ke WANG, HaoRan GONG, YuBin WANG, YanWei ZHANG, CaiJie WANG, Xin LIU, Ran XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1302192646533960010, articleId=1302192643644084524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, language=CN, title=大豆品种产量源流库指标相互关系分析, columnId=1302192591009771651, journalTitle=中国农业科学, columnName=耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

【目的】 评估大豆品种产量源、流、库指标对产量的贡献程度,明确产量形成过程中源、流、库各指标之间的相互关系,揭示影响大豆产量形成的关键生理机制,为大豆育种提供理论依据。【方法】 以大豆结荚期和鼓粒期为关键时期,采用13C同位素标记技术,系统分析齐黄34、临豆9号、潍豆9号、菏豆12在多生育时期的光合特性、器官物质积累及干物重变化,从源、流、库三方面对品种间生理特征进行综合评价。通过雷达图对各类指标进行整合分析,旨在阐明不同大豆品种产量形成过程中源、流、库关系的差异及其协同特征。【结果】 (1)源、流、库各指标与产量的相关性不同,与大豆产量的相关性强弱依次为:叶面积指数>百粒重>净光合速率>栅栏组织厚度>实际光化学效率>谷氨酰胺合成酶活性>谷氨酸合成酶活性>筛管平均直径>气孔导度>主叶脉直径。(2)源、流、库各指标存在互作。源库互作表现为:净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率与百粒重呈正相关关系;源流互作表现为:栅栏组织厚度与净光合速率、叶片厚度与净光合速率呈正相关关系;库流互作表现为:百粒重与筛管平均直径呈正相关关系。(3)不同大豆品种间源、流、库的表现有差异,齐黄34的叶面积指数、栅栏组织厚度、叶片厚度、净光合速率、实际光化学效率、主茎荚的持续积累能力、产量、百粒重、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、谷氨酸合成酶活性、3 d主茎荚的转运能力、主茎荚的持续转运能力均高于其他3个品种。菏豆12的主叶脉直径、潍豆9号的株粒数、临豆9号的分枝荚碳吸收能力则高于其他3个品种,表明大豆高产的形成不依赖于单一的指标,而是源、流、库3个系统性指标的协同作用。【结论】 在4个供试品种中,齐黄34产量显著高于其他品种,主要优势在于较高的叶面积指数、较强的物质转运能力及较大的百粒重。在大豆育种中,为选育源、流、库协调的大豆高产品种,应基于实际光化学效率、净光合速率和叶面积指数等指标筛选高光效种质资源,再结合叶片与维管束解剖结构评价同化物运输效率,最后综合氮代谢酶活性及库容性状判断产量潜力,实现高产大豆品种的高效选育。

, authors=王柯1, 2, 宫浩然2, 王玉斌1, 张彦威1, 王彩洁1, 刘鑫2, 徐冉1, authorsList=王柯, 宫浩然, 王玉斌, 张彦威, 王彩洁, 刘鑫, 徐冉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

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International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, 24(3): 2255., articleTitle=Environmental stimuli: A major challenge during grain filling in cereals, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1302192652250796452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, awardId=CARS-04-CES16, language=CN, fundingSource=国家大豆产业技术体系(CARS-04-CES16), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1302192652313711013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, awardId=tscx202211138, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省泰山产业领军人才(tscx202211138), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1302192652389208486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, awardId=202228094, language=CN, fundingSource=济南市“新高校20条”(202228094), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1302192646773035339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192646781423948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, companyId=1302192646773035339, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192646789812557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, companyId=1302192646773035339, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 山东省农业科学院作物研究所, 济南 250100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1302192646852727118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192646861115727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, companyId=1302192646852727118, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1302192646869504336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, companyId=1302192646852727118, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 山东农业大学农学院, 山东泰安 271018)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1302192649516110207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Variation trend of leaf area index in different soybean varieties

R2: Full flowering stage; R4: Full pod stage; R6: Seed filling stage.The same as below

, figureFileSmall=Dt49GiSq4Kr3PnHcnNvScw==, figureFileBig=4FpT2EePJnf6n8NHz7UxGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192649566441856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同大豆品种叶面积指数的变化趋势

R2:盛花期;R4:盛荚期;R6:鼓粒期。下同

, figureFileSmall=Dt49GiSq4Kr3PnHcnNvScw==, figureFileBig=4FpT2EePJnf6n8NHz7UxGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192649750991233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Cross-sectional structure of leaves in different soybean varieties at the seed filling stage

The red line indicates the thickness of the fence structure, while the blue line indicates the thickness of the leaf

, figureFileSmall=XIpG62+3PZBmUyMhRmZ8IQ==, figureFileBig=lpJNKZUCrvu/MavwwqinDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192649813905794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=图2, caption=鼓粒期不同大豆品种叶片剖面结构

红色线指向为栅栏组织厚度,蓝色线指向为叶片厚度

, figureFileSmall=XIpG62+3PZBmUyMhRmZ8IQ==, figureFileBig=lpJNKZUCrvu/MavwwqinDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192649889403267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Variation trends of photosynthetic indices and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in different soybean varieties

R8: Maturity stage. The same as below

, figureFileSmall=1ydw+HARyFXpmconkGsbdw==, figureFileBig=bJjCPAYUeMuO2EtHrc5l6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192650019426692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同大豆品种光合指标、叶绿素荧光参数指标的变化趋势

R8:成熟期。下同

, figureFileSmall=1ydw+HARyFXpmconkGsbdw==, figureFileBig=bJjCPAYUeMuO2EtHrc5l6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192650082341253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Distribution rate of 13C among different organs in different soybean varieties immediately after labeling at the pod-setting and seed-filling stages

IUR-BP: Instantaneous 13C uptake rate of pods on branches; IUR-MSP: Instantaneous 13C uptake rate of pods on the main stem; IUR-BS: Instantaneous 13C uptake rate of branch stems; IUR-MSS: Instantaneous 13C uptake rate of main-stem stems; IUR-BL: Instantaneous 13C uptake rate of branch leaves; IUR-MSL: Instantaneous 13C uptake rate of main-stem leaves. The same as below

, figureFileSmall=HWwLvL0zskX/o/BSnvlGMA==, figureFileBig=GCayjtXMMEVzMmoizZnwrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192650145255814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同品种在结荚期和鼓粒期13C标记后立即取样时不同器官13C分配率

IUR-BP:分枝荚13C瞬时吸收率;IUR-MSP:主茎荚13C瞬时吸收率;IUR-BS:分枝茎秆13C瞬时吸收率;IUR-MSS:主茎茎秆13C瞬时吸收率;IUR-BL:分枝叶片13C瞬时吸收率;IUR-MSL:主茎叶片13C瞬时吸收率。下同

, figureFileSmall=HWwLvL0zskX/o/BSnvlGMA==, figureFileBig=GCayjtXMMEVzMmoizZnwrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192650224947591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Correlation between instantaneous 13C absorption rate of different organs and source-related indices at the seed filling stage

* means significance at P≤0.05, ** means significance at P≤0.01. LAI: Leaf area index; PTT: Palisade tissue thickness; LT: Leaf thickness; Pn: Net photosynthetic rate; Gs: Stomatal conductance; Tr: Transpiration rate; Ci: Intercellular CO2 concentration; Fv/Fm: Maximum photochemical quantum yield of Photosystem II; ΦPSⅡ: Optimal/maximal quantum yield of PSⅡ; qP: Photochemical Quenching; NPQ: Non-photochemical quenching. The same as below

, figureFileSmall=24rIs+zEX+P2KGimVt652g==, figureFileBig=wtPQgScfXc31dJ2NHFHVXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192650292056456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=图5, caption=鼓粒期各器官13C瞬时吸收率与源各项指标的相关性

*表示在P≤0.05水平上显著,**表示在P≤0.01水平上显著。LAI:叶面积指数;PTT:栅栏组织厚度;LT:叶片厚度;Pn:净光合速率;Gs:气孔导度;Tr:蒸腾速率;Ci:胞间二氧化碳浓度;Fv/Fm:PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量;ΦPSⅡ:实际光化学效率;qP:光化学荧光淬灭系数;NPQ:非光化学荧光淬灭系数。下同

, figureFileSmall=24rIs+zEX+P2KGimVt652g==, figureFileBig=wtPQgScfXc31dJ2NHFHVXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192650375942537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Cross-sectional structures of leaves, petioles, and stems in different soybean varieties, figureFileSmall=T0BR2nQ1vjg/NSrzFX95tw==, figureFileBig=zrUgQKSZWvQiNIYzQ4YemA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192650468217226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同大豆品种叶片、叶柄、茎秆剖面结构, figureFileSmall=T0BR2nQ1vjg/NSrzFX95tw==, figureFileBig=zrUgQKSZWvQiNIYzQ4YemA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192650535326091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Transport capacity of assimilates in different soybean varieties after 13C labeling at the pod-setting and seed-filling stages

TC0-3-BP: Transport capacity to branch pods during 0-3 days; TC0-3-MSP: Transport capacity to main-stem pods during 0-3 days; STC-BP: Sustained transport capacity of branch pods; STC-MSP: Sustained transport capacity of main-stem pods. The same as below

, figureFileSmall=pYUULvDbQVed9S49BD1UDw==, figureFileBig=ohFRA72O6KI34LnU5wJ8yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192650598240652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同品种结荚期和鼓粒期13C标记后品种的物质转运能力

TC0-3-BP:0—3 d向分枝荚转运能力;TC0-3-MSP:0—3 d向主茎荚转运能力;STC-BP:分枝荚的持续转运能力;STC-MSP:主茎荚的持续转运能力。下同

, figureFileSmall=pYUULvDbQVed9S49BD1UDw==, figureFileBig=ohFRA72O6KI34LnU5wJ8yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192650661155213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Correlation between assimilate transport capacity to pods and flow-related indices at the seed filling stages (2023-2024)

MD: Midrib diameter; SVD: Secondary vein diameter; PD: Petiole diameter; STD: Mean sieve tube diameter. The same as below

, figureFileSmall=7JajCLjrjp7aj43McMUbSA==, figureFileBig=rzxRnm4LE3oJj+1Jd88JdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192650732458382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=图8, caption=鼓粒期同化物向荚的转运能力与流各项指标的相关性(2023—2024)

MD:主叶脉直径;SVD:次叶脉直径;PD:叶柄直径;STD:筛管平均直径。下同

, figureFileSmall=7JajCLjrjp7aj43McMUbSA==, figureFileBig=rzxRnm4LE3oJj+1Jd88JdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192650812150159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Assimilate allocation rate to pods in different soybean varieties after 13C labeling at the pod-setting and seed-filling stages, figureFileSmall=ENgnHlg6cjNwhFG1icTAgg==, figureFileBig=lQxzaoB3egbwyp+DkKrDjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192650879259024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同品种结荚期和鼓粒期13C标记后荚的同化物分配率, figureFileSmall=ENgnHlg6cjNwhFG1icTAgg==, figureFileBig=lQxzaoB3egbwyp+DkKrDjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192650942173585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Glutamate synthase activity and glutamine synthetase activity in seeds of different soybean varieties, figureFileSmall=X/jib2SVuTE8lzCEOmnQyA==, figureFileBig=zKxNSUJVpIRiG6F8hd0kMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192651005088146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同大豆品种籽粒中谷氨酸合成酶活性、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性, figureFileSmall=X/jib2SVuTE8lzCEOmnQyA==, figureFileBig=zKxNSUJVpIRiG6F8hd0kMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192651068002707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Correlation between assimilate accumulation capacity of main-stem pods and branch pods and sink-related indices at the seed filling stage (2023-2024)

Yield: Yield; GNP: Grain number per plant; HGW: Hundred-grain weight; PN: Plant number; GS activity: Glutamine synthetase activity; GOGAT activity: Glutamate synthase activity. The same as below

, figureFileSmall=9DsNOWJuUHNuKBKhkoE9mA==, figureFileBig=0jzFFhoFLe9moGI6/Le1eQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192651147694484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=图11, caption=鼓粒期主茎荚、分枝荚的积累能力与库各项指标的相关性(2023—2024)

Yield:产量;GNP:株粒数;HGW:百粒重;PN:株数;GS activity:谷氨酰胺合成酶活性;GOGAT activity:谷氨酸合成酶活性。下同

, figureFileSmall=9DsNOWJuUHNuKBKhkoE9mA==, figureFileBig=0jzFFhoFLe9moGI6/Le1eQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192651214803349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Dynamic changes in dry matter accumulation of different soybean varieties during reproductive stages (2023-2024), figureFileSmall=gart66ou8E9t1Upyy/R4kQ==, figureFileBig=FSEQvsdOJtU3sfZSwcUkaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192651298689430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同大豆品种干物重的变化趋势(2023—2024), figureFileSmall=gart66ou8E9t1Upyy/R4kQ==, figureFileBig=FSEQvsdOJtU3sfZSwcUkaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192651382575511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=Correlation between source-flow-sink indices and yield in different soybean varieties (2023-2024), figureFileSmall=tGAaCwKHZba3nCOw3On2Sw==, figureFileBig=9zToByK9jI1syHq3keeTaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192651458072984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同大豆品种源、流、库指标及其与产量的相关性(2023—2024), figureFileSmall=tGAaCwKHZba3nCOw3On2Sw==, figureFileBig=9zToByK9jI1syHq3keeTaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192651529376153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=Radar chart of source-flow-sink indicators for different soybean cultivars (2023-2024)

The values for Qihuang 34 were normalized to 1, and the data of all other cultivars were normalized relative to Qihuang 34

, figureFileSmall=9/iEzJghhBHNm9kcNzLG+w==, figureFileBig=re9ilSok2oXfST8PNfZ5uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192651588096410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=图14, caption=不同大豆品种源、流、库指标雷达图(2023—2024)

将齐黄34的数据标准化为1,其他品种数据均参照齐黄34标准化

, figureFileSmall=9/iEzJghhBHNm9kcNzLG+w==, figureFileBig=re9ilSok2oXfST8PNfZ5uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1302192651646816667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Information of tested soybean varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety 审定区域Approval status 有效分枝Effective branches 特性Characteristic
齐黄34 Qihuang 34 国家审定Approved by the state 1.3 高产、优质High yield, high quality
菏豆12 Hedou 12 国家审定Approved by the state 1.0—3.0 高产、优质High yield, high quality
临豆9号Lindou 9 国家审定Approved by the state 3.7 高蛋白型High-protein
潍豆9号Weidou 9 山东省审定Approved by Shandong province 1.9 高油型High-oil
), ArticleFig(id=1302192651709731228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

供试大豆品种信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety 审定区域Approval status 有效分枝Effective branches 特性Characteristic
齐黄34 Qihuang 34 国家审定Approved by the state 1.3 高产、优质High yield, high quality
菏豆12 Hedou 12 国家审定Approved by the state 1.0—3.0 高产、优质High yield, high quality
临豆9号Lindou 9 国家审定Approved by the state 3.7 高蛋白型High-protein
潍豆9号Weidou 9 山东省审定Approved by Shandong province 1.9 高油型High-oil
), ArticleFig(id=1302192651776840093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Leaf palisade tissue thickness and thickness of different soybean cultivars

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Year 品种Cultivar 栅栏组织厚度Palisade tissue thickness (μm) 叶片厚度Leaf thickness (μm)
2023 齐黄34 Qihuang 34 102.67±6.76a 195.50±4.85a
菏豆12 Hedou 12 93.57±1.93b 184.27±2.18a
潍豆9号Weidou 9 91.53±1.56b 187.13±0.85a
临豆9号Lindou 9 95.23±2.31b 191.73±10.89a
2024 齐黄34 Qihuang 34 119.00±13.13b 218.90±11.80a
菏豆12 Hedou 12 79.30±9.72c 172.20±3.34b
潍豆9号Weidou 9 80.50±1.37c 165.10±2.44b
临豆9号Lindou 9 98.60±2.12a 212.40±4.52a
), ArticleFig(id=1302192651856531870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

鼓粒期不同大豆品种叶片栅栏组织厚度、叶片厚度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Year 品种Cultivar 栅栏组织厚度Palisade tissue thickness (μm) 叶片厚度Leaf thickness (μm)
2023 齐黄34 Qihuang 34 102.67±6.76a 195.50±4.85a
菏豆12 Hedou 12 93.57±1.93b 184.27±2.18a
潍豆9号Weidou 9 91.53±1.56b 187.13±0.85a
临豆9号Lindou 9 95.23±2.31b 191.73±10.89a
2024 齐黄34 Qihuang 34 119.00±13.13b 218.90±11.80a
菏豆12 Hedou 12 79.30±9.72c 172.20±3.34b
潍豆9号Weidou 9 80.50±1.37c 165.10±2.44b
临豆9号Lindou 9 98.60±2.12a 212.40±4.52a
), ArticleFig(id=1302192651940417951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Leaf vein diameter, petiole diameter and of different soybean cultivars

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
Year
品种
Cultivar
主叶脉直径
Midrib diameter
(μm)
次叶脉直径
Secondary vein diameter (μm)
叶柄直径
Petiole diameter
(μm)
筛管平均直径
Mean sieve tube diameter (μm)
2023 齐黄34 Qihuang 34 458.33±4.71c 185.90±13.36b 3180.83±15.09a 72.75±2.79a
菏豆12 Hedou 12 716.33±12.30a 148.40±1.10c 2913.60±16.80b 67.78±3.90a
潍豆9号Weidou 9 547.73±5.86b 195.00±4.52ab 2883.33±8.46b 67.67±1.81a
临豆9号Lindou 9 368.20±2.85d 204.67±6.35a 2717.50±25.67c 70.05±0.74a
2024 齐黄34 Qihuang 34 584.63±5.12b 179.70±9.92b 2899.50±30.74b 126.80±7.94b
菏豆12 Hedou 12 686.67±2.87a 143.97±6.93c 2688.53±33.33d 92.92±4.17c
潍豆9号Weidou 9 587.47±1.30b 138.87±7.26c 2783.20±31.32c 83.80±5.85c
临豆9号Lindou 9 420.33±2.06c 204.53±1.40a 3131.17±17.80a 121.97±4.57a
), ArticleFig(id=1302192652011721120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

鼓粒期不同大豆品种叶脉直径、叶柄直径、筛管平均直径

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
Year
品种
Cultivar
主叶脉直径
Midrib diameter
(μm)
次叶脉直径
Secondary vein diameter (μm)
叶柄直径
Petiole diameter
(μm)
筛管平均直径
Mean sieve tube diameter (μm)
2023 齐黄34 Qihuang 34 458.33±4.71c 185.90±13.36b 3180.83±15.09a 72.75±2.79a
菏豆12 Hedou 12 716.33±12.30a 148.40±1.10c 2913.60±16.80b 67.78±3.90a
潍豆9号Weidou 9 547.73±5.86b 195.00±4.52ab 2883.33±8.46b 67.67±1.81a
临豆9号Lindou 9 368.20±2.85d 204.67±6.35a 2717.50±25.67c 70.05±0.74a
2024 齐黄34 Qihuang 34 584.63±5.12b 179.70±9.92b 2899.50±30.74b 126.80±7.94b
菏豆12 Hedou 12 686.67±2.87a 143.97±6.93c 2688.53±33.33d 92.92±4.17c
潍豆9号Weidou 9 587.47±1.30b 138.87±7.26c 2783.20±31.32c 83.80±5.85c
临豆9号Lindou 9 420.33±2.06c 204.53±1.40a 3131.17±17.80a 121.97±4.57a
), ArticleFig(id=1302192652078829985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Yield, yield components, and harvest index of different soybean cultivars

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
Year
品种
Cultivar
株粒数
Grains per plant
百粒重
100-grain weight (g)
株数
Plants per hectare (plants/hm2)
产量
Yield (kg·hm-2)
经济系数
Harvest index
2023 齐黄34 Qihuang 34 113.28±9.26ab 26.32±0.47a 143850.16±617.61a 3556.16±93.61a 0.52±0.02ab
菏豆12 Hedou 12 104.45±5.51bc 24.81±0.53ab 149307.18±1217.73a 3446.93±94.9ab 0.53±0.01a
潍豆9号Weidou 9 122.96±5.51a 19.48±1.85c 158772.30±5986.74a 3285.60±120.07bc 0.50±0.01b
临豆9号Lindou 9 93.24±8.57c 23.10±0.83b 154006.30±1805.22a 3213.44±106.71b 0.50±0.02ab
2024 齐黄34 Qihuang 34 127.90±10.00a 26.49±1.23a 160269.12±2038.59a 3680.84±137.69a 0.52±0.02a
菏豆12 Hedou 12 117.30±11.53ab 22.39±1.35b 150406.47±1210.47a 3360.94±75.51b 0.51±0.03a
潍豆9号Weidou 9 113.97±6.69ab 20.01±0.64b 154585.85±959.76a 3337.15±46.85b 0.50±0.03a
临豆9号Lindou 9 100.50±9.49b 20.30±1.10ab 162570.85±1302.93a 3254.55±75.12b 0.50±0.04a
), ArticleFig(id=1302192652150133154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301850032934322245, articleId=1302192643644084524, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同大豆品种的产量、产量构成因素及经济系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
Year
品种
Cultivar
株粒数
Grains per plant
百粒重
100-grain weight (g)
株数
Plants per hectare (plants/hm2)
产量
Yield (kg·hm-2)
经济系数
Harvest index
2023 齐黄34 Qihuang 34 113.28±9.26ab 26.32±0.47a 143850.16±617.61a 3556.16±93.61a 0.52±0.02ab
菏豆12 Hedou 12 104.45±5.51bc 24.81±0.53ab 149307.18±1217.73a 3446.93±94.9ab 0.53±0.01a
潍豆9号Weidou 9 122.96±5.51a 19.48±1.85c 158772.30±5986.74a 3285.60±120.07bc 0.50±0.01b
临豆9号Lindou 9 93.24±8.57c 23.10±0.83b 154006.30±1805.22a 3213.44±106.71b 0.50±0.02ab
2024 齐黄34 Qihuang 34 127.90±10.00a 26.49±1.23a 160269.12±2038.59a 3680.84±137.69a 0.52±0.02a
菏豆12 Hedou 12 117.30±11.53ab 22.39±1.35b 150406.47±1210.47a 3360.94±75.51b 0.51±0.03a
潍豆9号Weidou 9 113.97±6.69ab 20.01±0.64b 154585.85±959.76a 3337.15±46.85b 0.50±0.03a
临豆9号Lindou 9 100.50±9.49b 20.30±1.10ab 162570.85±1302.93a 3254.55±75.12b 0.50±0.04a
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大豆品种产量源流库指标相互关系分析
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王柯 1, 2 , 宫浩然 2 , 王玉斌 1 , 张彦威 1 , 王彩洁 1 , 刘鑫 2 , 徐冉 1
中国农业科学 | 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 2026,59(16): 3519-3540
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中国农业科学 |耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 2026 , 59 (16) : 3519 -3540
大豆品种产量源流库指标相互关系分析
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王柯1, 2 , 宫浩然2 , 王玉斌1, 张彦威1, 王彩洁1, 刘鑫2 , 徐冉1
作者信息
  • 1 山东省农业科学院作物研究所, 济南 250100
  • 2 山东农业大学农学院, 山东泰安 271018
通讯作者:
徐冉,E-mail:
刘鑫,E-mail:
作者简介:

王柯和宫浩然为同等贡献作者。

王柯,E-mail:

宫浩然,E-mail:

Analysis of Interrelationships Among Yield Source, Flow, and Sink Traits in Soybean Cultivars
Ke WANG1, 2 , HaoRan GONG2 , YuBin WANG1, YanWei ZHANG1, CaiJie WANG1, Xin LIU2 , Ran XU1
Affiliations
  • 1 Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100
  • 2 College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong
出版时间: 2026-08-16 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.005
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【目的】 评估大豆品种产量源、流、库指标对产量的贡献程度,明确产量形成过程中源、流、库各指标之间的相互关系,揭示影响大豆产量形成的关键生理机制,为大豆育种提供理论依据。【方法】 以大豆结荚期和鼓粒期为关键时期,采用13C同位素标记技术,系统分析齐黄34、临豆9号、潍豆9号、菏豆12在多生育时期的光合特性、器官物质积累及干物重变化,从源、流、库三方面对品种间生理特征进行综合评价。通过雷达图对各类指标进行整合分析,旨在阐明不同大豆品种产量形成过程中源、流、库关系的差异及其协同特征。【结果】 (1)源、流、库各指标与产量的相关性不同,与大豆产量的相关性强弱依次为:叶面积指数>百粒重>净光合速率>栅栏组织厚度>实际光化学效率>谷氨酰胺合成酶活性>谷氨酸合成酶活性>筛管平均直径>气孔导度>主叶脉直径。(2)源、流、库各指标存在互作。源库互作表现为:净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率与百粒重呈正相关关系;源流互作表现为:栅栏组织厚度与净光合速率、叶片厚度与净光合速率呈正相关关系;库流互作表现为:百粒重与筛管平均直径呈正相关关系。(3)不同大豆品种间源、流、库的表现有差异,齐黄34的叶面积指数、栅栏组织厚度、叶片厚度、净光合速率、实际光化学效率、主茎荚的持续积累能力、产量、百粒重、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、谷氨酸合成酶活性、3 d主茎荚的转运能力、主茎荚的持续转运能力均高于其他3个品种。菏豆12的主叶脉直径、潍豆9号的株粒数、临豆9号的分枝荚碳吸收能力则高于其他3个品种,表明大豆高产的形成不依赖于单一的指标,而是源、流、库3个系统性指标的协同作用。【结论】 在4个供试品种中,齐黄34产量显著高于其他品种,主要优势在于较高的叶面积指数、较强的物质转运能力及较大的百粒重。在大豆育种中,为选育源、流、库协调的大豆高产品种,应基于实际光化学效率、净光合速率和叶面积指数等指标筛选高光效种质资源,再结合叶片与维管束解剖结构评价同化物运输效率,最后综合氮代谢酶活性及库容性状判断产量潜力,实现高产大豆品种的高效选育。

大豆  /  品种  /  产量  /  源流库  /  相关性

【Objective】 To evaluate the contributions of source, flow and sink traits to soybean yield, clarify the relationships among these traits during yield formation, reveal the key physiological mechanisms underlying soybean yield formation, and provide a theoretical basis for soybean breeding. 【Method】 Qihuang 34, Lindou 9, Weidou 9, and Hedou 12 were investigated during the pod-setting and seed-filling stages. The photosynthetic performance, assimilate partitioning, and dry matter accumulation were analyzed throughout plant development by using 13C isotope labeling. Source-flow-sink traits were comprehensively evaluated, and radar chart analysis was applied to characterize the coordination of these traits among cultivars during yield formation.【Result】 (1) The correlations between source, flow and sink traits and yield varied considerably. The contributions of these traits to yield ranked as follows: leaf area index > 100-seed weight > net photosynthetic rate > palisade tissue thickness > effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) > glutamine synthetase activity > glutamate synthase activity > mean sieve tube diameter > stomatal conductance > midrib diameter. (2) Significant interactions were observed among source, flow and sink traits. Source-sink interactions were reflected by positive correlations of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate with 100-seed weight. Source-flow interactions were indicated by positive correlations of palisade tissue thickness and leaf thickness with net photosynthetic rate, whereas flow-sink interactions were represented by a positive correlation between mean sieve tube diameter and 100-seed weight. (3) Source, flow and sink traits differed markedly among cultivars. Qihuang 34 exhibited higher leaf area index, palisade tissue thickness, leaf thickness, net photosynthetic rate, ΦPSII, sustained dry matter accumulation in main stem pods, yield, 100-seed weight, glutamine synthetase activity, glutamate synthase activity, 3-day assimilate translocation to main stem pods and sustained assimilate translocation than the other three cultivars. Hedou 12 showed the largest midrib diameter, Weidou 9 had the highest seed number per plant, and Lindou 9 exhibited the greatest carbon assimilation capacity of branch pods. These results indicate that high soybean yield depends on the coordinated regulation of source, flow and sink traits rather than on any single trait.【Conclusion】 Among the four cultivars, Qihuang 34 achieved the highest yield owing to its larger leaf area index, stronger assimilate transport capacity, and greater 100-seed weight. Breeding high-yield soybean cultivars with coordinated source, flow and sink characteristics should prioritize germplasm with high photosynthetic efficiency based on ΦPSII, net photosynthetic rate and leaf area index, followed by evaluation of assimilate transport efficiency using leaf and vascular bundle anatomical traits and assessment of yield potential through nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities and sink capacity.

soybean  /  cultivar  /  yield  /  source-flow-sink  /  correlation
王柯, 宫浩然, 王玉斌, 张彦威, 王彩洁, 刘鑫, 徐冉. 大豆品种产量源流库指标相互关系分析. 中国农业科学, 2026 , 59 (16) : 3519 -3540 . DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.005
Ke WANG, HaoRan GONG, YuBin WANG, YanWei ZHANG, CaiJie WANG, Xin LIU, Ran XU. Analysis of Interrelationships Among Yield Source, Flow, and Sink Traits in Soybean Cultivars[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026 , 59 (16) : 3519 -3540 . DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.005
【研究意义】大豆作为重要的粮食和油料作物,兼具植物蛋白和植物油双重价值,在保障国家粮油安全和推动健康膳食结构方面发挥着不可替代的作用[1]。然而我国大豆单产水平低,供需矛盾突出,提高单产是保障大豆安全供给的重要途径[2-3]。不同大豆品种在源(光合能力)、流(物质转运能力)、库(籽粒储存能力)存在显著差异,通过比较不同品种源、流、库特征,有助于明确产量限制因素,为构建大豆高产理论体系提供依据[4]。【前人研究进展】近年来,源、流、库协调调控已成为提高大豆产量的重要研究方向。前人研究表明,大豆群体叶面积指数与籽粒产量和粒重密切相关[5]。叶片解剖结构如栅栏组织厚度、叶片厚度及叶脉结构能够影响光能截获、光合能力及同化物生产,从而影响产量形成[6-10]。维管束及韧皮部发育程度决定同化物运输效率,是影响籽粒灌浆和产量形成的重要结构基础[11-14]。此外,提高光能利用效率、优化同化物运输和增强籽粒库容已成为大豆高产育种的重要途径,主要表现为提高叶面积指数和光能转换效率、改善碳同化物运输及利用效率、提高固氮能力和增加粒重等[15-18]。已有研究表明,源、流、库各因素共同影响大豆产量形成,但多数研究侧重于单一因素的调控,对源、流、库多指标协同作用及其相互关系缺乏系统分析。【本研究切入点】自作物产量源、流、库理论提出以来,该体系已广泛应用于作物产量形成机制研究,尤其在水稻、小麦、玉米等禾谷类作物中取得了较多进展。大豆的花序分散着生在各个叶腋的茎节上,其源、流、库关系较于禾谷类作物的关系明确性相对不足,各要素的时序变化特征及其协同机制仍有待系统阐明[19-21]。当前关于大豆源、流、库关系的研究多集中于单一因子的作用机制,缺乏多指标、多器官和动态的综合分析。此外,不同品种源、流、库结构与效率的差异,直接影响其高产潜力的实现路径。因此,亟须在群体水平上系统评估源、流、库关键指标在不同发育阶段的动态表现,并明确其与产量之间的相关性与贡献度[22-23]。【拟解决的关键问题】围绕大豆产量形成的生理基础,系统解析不同品种源、流、库特征,揭示源供给能力、同化物运输效率及籽粒库之间的协同关系及其对产量形成的调控机制,以期明确高产形成的关键生理限制环节,为大豆品种改良提供理论依据。
在前人研究[24-25]基础上,为进一步从作物生理学中“源、流、库理论”的角度探明齐黄34的高产原理,本研究于2023—2024年在山东农业大学试验田开展大田试验。供试大豆品种为齐黄34、临豆9号、潍豆9号、菏豆12,生育期差异小,品种特性突出,均为有限结荚习性(品种信息详见表1)。
试验于山东省泰安市肥城市汶阳试验田(35°58′N,116°57′E)进行。试验地为中壤土,前茬作物为小麦,地势平坦,肥力均匀。底肥施磷酸二铵300 kg·hm-2,氯化钾225 kg·hm-2。变量为4个不同大豆品种,随机区组排列,3次重复,共12小区。每小区长10.00 m,宽4.00 m,行距0.50 m,株距0.14 m。2023年6月23日播种,10月13日收获,2024年6月20日播种,10月14日收获。采取灌溉、喷施农药等田间管理措施,保证大豆不受干旱、病虫草害的影响。
(1)叶面积指数(LAI):按主茎和分枝将叶片摘下置于黑布上拍照,使用Image J软件分析得出主茎和分枝的叶面积。LAI=单株叶面积/单株所占土地面积。式中,单株所占土地面积=株距×行距。
(2)叶片的剖面结构:于大豆鼓粒期对叶片、叶柄、茎秆进行取样。于电镜固定液内固定30 min左右,待组织变硬,通过扫描电镜对其进行观察。
(3)光合指标:每小区选取长势一致的3个大豆单株进行挂牌标记,在干物质积累和产量形成的关键时期开花期(R2)、结荚期(R4)、鼓粒期(R6)和成熟期(R8)对功能叶(倒3叶)进行测定。为减少日变化的影响,先测定4个品种的第1株重复,再依次测定第2、3株重复,最后每个品种取3次测定数据的平均值。采用Ciras-3便携式光合作用测量系统测定净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)。测量条件设置为:内置LED红蓝光源,叶室内光强为1 000 μmoL·m-2·s-1。供应CO2气体浓度设定为400 μmoL·moL-1
(4)叶绿素荧光参数指标:选择无云晴天,采用FMS-2叶绿素荧光仪,测定R2、R4、R6、R8期叶绿素荧光参数,包括初始荧光(F0)、最大荧光(Fm),光下最小荧光(F)和光下最大荧光(F 'm)。每个品种测3次重复。测量PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)前,将待测叶片暗适应处理20 min以上。计算相关参数:Fv/Fm=(Fm-F0)/Fm;实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)=(F 'm-F)/F'm;光化学荧光淬灭系数(qP)=(F 'm-F)/(F 'm-F0);非光化学荧光淬灭系数(NPQ)=(Fm-F 'm)/F'm
(5)13C脉冲标记后即时同化物分配:分别于大豆结荚期和鼓粒期,在晴朗无云条件下(9:00—11:00),选取长势一致的大豆群体进行13CO2脉冲标记(丰度99%,上海化工研究院)。同化箱体积为60 cm×90 cm×120 cm,每次同化时间为30 min。
标记结束后立即取样,按品种分别采集主茎和分枝的叶片、茎和荚;同时取未标记植株作为对照,用于测定自然13C丰度。样品在80 ℃下烘干至恒重并称重,采用MM400型高效生物样品制备仪(Retsch,德国)粉碎后过150目筛。
采用MM400型高效生物样品制备仪(Retsch公司,德国)粉碎后过150目筛,Elementar vario MICRO cube元素分析仪(Elementar公司,德国)测定各器官C含量,用Isoprime 100质谱仪(Isoprime,英国)测定各器官的δ13C值。
各器官13C分配率按下式计算:
13C丰度:Fi(%)=(δ13C+1000)×RPBD/[(δ13C+1000)×RPBD+1000]×100;
RPBD(碳同位素的标准比值)=0.0112372;
各器官含碳量:Ci=器官总质量(g)×全碳含量(%);
进入各组分的13C量(mg):13Ci=Ci×(Fi-Fnl)/100×1000,式中Ci为各组分所含的碳量(g),nl表示未标记;
整株13C固定量为进入各组分的13C量之和;
13C在各器官的分配率:13Ci(%)=13Ci/13C净吸收×100。式中,13Ci为该器官的13C量占植株净吸收13C
量的百分比。
(1)13C脉冲标记后同化物向荚转运物质的测定:
13C脉冲标记后3 d及收获期再次取样,分析13C在植株不同器官中的动态分配特征,取样部位与测定方法同上。
13C标记后0—3 d向荚转运物质的百分比,为标记后3 d取样13C荚的分配率与立即取样13C荚的分配率之差,即短期转运能力。
13C标记后收获期向荚转运物质的百分比,为收获期取样13C荚的分配率-标记后3 d取样13C荚的分配率之差,即持续转运能力。
(2)叶柄、茎秆的剖面结构:
于大豆鼓粒期对叶柄、茎秆进行取样。于电镜固定液内固定30 min左右待组织变硬,对其通过扫描电镜或透射电镜进行观察,重点观察叶脉、叶柄和茎秆维管束的形态。
(1)大豆产量、产量构成因素及经济系数:籽粒成熟时,在各小区未曾取样的完整地块中,调查单行株数,根据小区行数和长度计算出每公顷有效株数。取20株大豆植株于室内风干,考查株粒数与粒重,称百粒重。收获每个小区未取过样品的地块所有大豆植株,去除边行测产,挂晒晾干,全部脱粒,待籽粒风干至水分含量低于标准水分含量13%时,称重。根据每小区一带实际占地面积计算实际公顷产量。同时,测定该小区的整株干物重,计算经济系数。
(2)籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、谷氨酸合成酶活性:于大豆鼓粒期进行取样测定。称取约0.1 g样品,加入1 mL提取液,进行冰浴匀浆。12 000 r/min,4 ℃离心10 min,取上清,置冰上待测[26],GS活性参照O’ Neal[27]的方法进行测定,NADH-GOGAT活性参照Groat[28]的方法进行测定。
(3)收获期荚中13C积累特征:13C脉冲标记后收获期取样,取样部位与测定方法同上,测定其13C在荚中的同化物分配率,即库器官的积累能力。
(4)各器官干物质的积累动态:在大豆R2、R4、R6、R8期测定大豆植株地上部分各器官的干物质积累量。各处理连续取10株大豆植株,将其按主茎、分枝、主茎叶片、分枝叶片、主茎荚和分枝荚进行分类,在烘箱105 ℃的温度下杀青30 min,再用80 ℃将样品烘干,测定其干物重。
运用Excel 2016软件处理和计算试验数据,用IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0软件进行统计和分析数据,用Origin 2024软件进行相关性分析。
不同大豆品种在R2至R6期的叶面积指数变化趋势如图1所示,整体表现为:齐黄34>菏豆12>潍豆9号>临豆9号。其中2023年R2期齐黄34分别比菏豆12、潍豆9号、临豆9号高38.77%、11.34%、20.44%;R4期齐黄34分别比菏豆12、潍豆9号、临豆9号高37.68%、20.56%、12.56%;R6期齐黄34分别比菏豆12、潍豆9号、临豆9号高39.09%、21.34%、10.06%(图1-A)。
2024年R2期齐黄34分别比菏豆12、潍豆9号、临豆9号高14.61%、11.78%、7.65%;R4期齐黄34分别比菏豆12、潍豆9号、临豆9号高25.48%、12.37%、11.42%;R6期齐黄34分别比菏豆12、潍豆9号、临豆9号高9.52%、10.95%、5.28%(图1-B)。
大豆品种叶片的剖面结构图(图2表2)中,4个品种叶片栅栏组织厚度2年均表现为:齐黄34>临豆9号>菏豆12>潍豆9号。叶片厚度两年表现不一致,但均表现为齐黄34和临豆9号最高,2023年为:齐黄34>临豆9号>潍豆9号>菏豆12;2024年为:齐黄34>临豆9号>菏豆12>潍豆9号。
4个大豆品种的净光合速率(Pn)在R2至R8期两年间的变化趋势平均表现为R2至R6期增加,R6至R8期逐渐减小,品种间表现为:齐黄34>菏豆12>潍豆9号>临豆9号,与实收产量表现一致,说明较高的光合强度是高产品种的重要生理基础。气孔导度(Gs)在R2至R8期两年间的变化趋势平均表现为R2至R6期增加,R6至R8期逐渐减小,品种间表现为:潍豆9号>齐黄34>菏豆12>临豆9号。蒸腾速率(Tr)在R2至R8期两年间的变化趋势平均表现为R2至R4期增加,R4至R8期逐渐减小,品种间表现为:齐黄34>潍豆9号>菏豆12>临豆9号,齐黄34在保证较高Pn的同时,维持较强的水分运输能力,有利于同化产物向籽粒转运。胞间CO2浓度(Ci)在R2至R8期两年间的变化趋势平均表现为R2至R4期减小,R4至R8逐渐增加,品种间表现为:菏豆12>临豆9号>潍豆9号>齐黄34,表明齐黄34的CO2利用效率更高,光合能力更强(图3)。
两年4个大豆品种叶绿素荧光参数的最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)在R2至R8期两年间的变化趋势平均表现为逐渐减小,品种间表现为:潍豆9号>菏豆12>临豆9号>齐黄34,说明潍豆9号光合潜能水平高。实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)在R2至R8期两年间的变化趋势平均表现为先增加后减小,且在R4时期达到最大值,品种间表现为:齐黄34>菏豆12>临豆9号>潍豆9号,齐黄34具有较高的实际光合转化效率优势。光化学淬灭系数(qP)在R2至R8期两年间的变化趋势平均表现为逐渐减小,品种间表现为:菏豆12>齐黄34>潍豆9号>临豆9号。非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)在R2至R8期两年间的变化趋势平均表现为R2至R4期先减小,R4至R6期略有回升,R6至R8期再减小,品种间表现为:齐黄34>潍豆9号>菏豆12>临豆9号。说明齐黄34光保护能力较强,以热耗散消耗的光能较多。
综上所述,齐黄34在结荚至鼓粒期表现出高Pn、ΦPSⅡ、NPQ和较低的Ci,表明其具有更高的碳同化能力、光能转化效率,是高产的重要生理基础。
13CO2标记后各器官的13C瞬时分配率代表源的光合物质生产能力。结果表明,结荚期标记后立即取样13C两年平均表现为齐黄34叶片的分配率最高,为69.27%,分别比临豆9号、潍豆9号、菏豆12高26.34%、69.87%、57.89%;鼓粒期标记后立即取样13C两年平均表现为齐黄34叶片的分配率最高,为67.85%,分别比临豆9号、潍豆9号、菏豆12高33.65%、19.58%、18.64%(图4)。
综上所述,在结荚期和鼓粒期大豆主要依靠叶片生产光合物质。其中,齐黄34叶片同化能力最强,光合物质生产能力最高。
大豆品种各器官13C瞬时吸收率与源各项指标的相关性分析表明,主茎叶片13C瞬时吸收率与LAI、PnFv/Fm呈正相关关系。相关性大小依次表现为:Fv/Fm>Pn>LAI。主茎茎秆13C瞬时吸收率与NPQ呈正相关关系。LAI与栅栏组织厚度、PnGs、ΦPSⅡ呈正相关关系。相关性大小依次表现为:Pn>ΦPSⅡ>栅栏组织厚度>Gs图5)。
综上,大豆鼓粒期源强主要由叶片光系统效率(Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ)和叶片结构(栅栏组织厚度、叶片厚度)共同调控,LAI通过改善光截获,显著增强13C的瞬时吸收能力。上述结果表明,提高冠层结构与实际光化学效率是提升大豆源强的关键途径。
图6表3分别是4个大豆品种叶片、叶柄、茎秆横切面的剖面结构及相关指标。叶脉切片中,主叶脉直径两年结果一致:菏豆12>潍豆9号>齐黄34>临豆9号。次叶脉直径两年间表现有差异,但临豆9号次叶脉直径最大,2023年为:临豆9号>潍豆9号>齐黄34>菏豆12;2024年为:临豆9号>齐黄34>菏豆12>潍豆9号。
叶柄切片中,叶柄直径两年间表现不一致,2023年为:齐黄34>菏豆12>潍豆9号>临豆9号。2024年为:临豆9号>齐黄34>潍豆9号>菏豆12。尽管两年间变化不一致,但齐黄34在两年中均处于较高水平,有助于光合产物及时输出,维持源库通畅。
筛管平均直径反映同化物长距离运输能力,两年间表现不一致。2023年为:菏豆12>齐黄34>临豆9号>潍豆9号,2024年为:齐黄34>临豆9号>潍豆9号>菏豆12。
综上所述,齐黄34在次叶脉直径、叶柄直径、筛管直径等方面结构优于其他品种,是其光合产物转运效率高的结构基础。
13C标记后3 d和收获期向荚转运物质的百分比,反映了品种的物质转运能力。齐黄34在主茎荚和分枝荚中均表现出较强的短期运输能力,菏豆12和潍豆9号处于中等水平,临豆9号在分枝荚中的短期运输能力最强。鼓粒期齐黄34在主茎荚和分枝荚中均保持较高水平,菏豆12次之,潍豆9号较低,临豆9号在分枝荚中的短期运输能力显著强于主茎荚(图7)。
收获期向荚转运物质的百分比,反映了品种的物质持续转运能力。结荚期齐黄34保持较稳定的13C同化物输入,菏豆12和潍豆9号同化物向荚持续运输能力中等,临豆9号在分枝荚中的持续运输能力强。
鼓粒期齐黄34表现出稳定的13C同化物输入;菏豆12处于中等水平;潍豆9号在同化物向主茎荚持续转运出现负值,可能是呼吸消耗造成的;临豆9号在分枝荚中的持续运输能力最强(图7)。
图8主茎荚、分枝荚的积累能力与流各项指标的相关性分析结果表明:鼓粒期0—3 d向主茎荚转运物质的能力和向主茎荚持续转运物质的能力均与次叶脉直径、叶柄直径呈正相关关系,相关性大小均为:叶柄直径>次叶脉直径。
综上,0—3 d向主茎荚转运物质的能力、向主茎荚持续转运物质的能力与叶柄直径、次叶脉直径呈正相关关系,说明主茎的同化物运输主要与维管束大小相关。叶柄直径越大、维管组织越发达,同化物向籽粒运输越多。
13CO2标记后不同品种在标记后主茎荚和分枝荚13C分配率,代表库的积累能力。结果表明主茎荚在收获期13C的积累能力普遍大于3天,荚的13C分配率逐渐增加。结荚期标记的13C在收获期时表现为,齐黄34荚中的分配率最高,为66.15%,分别比临豆9号、潍豆9号、菏豆12高12.37%、51.18%、67.32%。鼓粒期标记后收获期齐黄34荚中的13C分配率最高,为81.92%,分别比临豆9号、潍豆9号、菏豆12高1.85%、46.02%、35.11%(图9)。
谷氨酸合成酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶是大豆氮代谢和氨基酸合成的关键酶,在大豆氮同化和产量形成中发挥重要作用。鼓粒期4个大豆品种籽粒的谷氨酸合成酶活性和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性的结果表明,两年测定值显示出稳定的品种间差异。谷氨酰胺合成酶活性表现为齐黄34活性最高,4个品种依次为:齐黄34>临豆9号>菏豆12>潍豆9号,齐黄34与菏豆12、潍豆9号有显著性差异。谷氨酸合成酶活性同样表现为:齐黄34>临豆9号>菏豆12>潍豆9号,齐黄34与其他3个品种均有显著差异(图10)。
综上所述,齐黄34在鼓粒期保持较高的谷氨酸合成酶活性与谷氨酰胺合成酶活性,有助于增强籽粒对氮素的利用与积累效率,有利于产量的形成。
大豆品种的产量结构分析结果表明2023年齐黄34的百粒重、理论产量、实收产量均高于其他3个品种,其中百粒重分别比菏豆12、潍豆9号、临豆9号高6.09%、35.11%、13.94%;理论产量分别比菏豆12、潍豆9号、临豆9号高11.17%、13.23%、29.60%;实收产量分别比菏豆12、潍豆9号、临豆9号高3.17%、8.24%、10.67%。4个品种的经济系数分别为:菏豆12>齐黄34>潍豆9号≈临豆9号(表4)。
2024年齐黄34的百粒重、理论产量、实收产量均高于其他3个品种,其中株粒数分别比菏豆12、潍豆9号、临豆9号高9.04%、12.22%、27.26%;百粒重分别比菏豆12、潍豆9号、临豆9号高18.30%、32.38%、30.49%;理论产量分别比菏豆12、潍豆9号、临豆9号高8.93%、7.55%、14.01%;实收产量分别比菏豆12、潍豆9号、临豆9号高9.52%、10.30%、13.10%。4个品种的经济系数分别为:齐黄34>菏豆12>潍豆9号≈临豆9号(表4)。
综上,齐黄34产量优势在不同年份均具有一致性;其中百粒重高于其他品种,菏豆12经济系数较高,而潍豆9号与临豆9号均表现为百粒重较低、产量与经济系数小。
图11库指标相关性分析表明鼓粒期0—3 d主茎荚的积累能力与每公顷株数、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、谷氨酸合成酶活性呈正相关关系,相关性大小依次表现为:谷氨酸合成酶活性>每公顷株数>谷氨酰胺合成酶活性。主茎荚持续积累能力与产量、百粒重、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、谷氨酸合成酶活性呈正相关关系,相关性大小依次表现为:谷氨酸合成酶活性>谷氨酰胺合成酶活性>百粒重>产量。
综上,主茎荚产量的形成依赖于高水平谷氨酸合成酶活性(GOGAT activity)、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性(GS activity)的氮同化能力,是决定产量形成的关键生理基础。同时,适宜的每公顷株数构建良好的冠层结构与源库协调关系,促进高百粒重和产量的形成。
图12显示,主茎茎秆和分枝茎秆的干物重随着大豆的生长发育而逐渐增加。其中,主茎茎秆干物重在生殖生长期的表现趋势为:齐黄34>潍豆9号>菏豆12>临豆9号,表明齐黄34主茎具有较强的营养积累能力;分枝茎秆在生育时期的表现趋势为:临豆9号>潍豆9号>菏豆12>齐黄34,临豆9号分枝具有较强的营养积累能力。4个大豆品种主茎荚和分枝荚的干物重随植株的生长干物重增加。其中主茎荚干物重在生育时期的表现趋势均为:齐黄34>菏豆12>潍豆9号>临豆9号,表明齐黄34在主茎荚发育与鼓粒期具有更强的库积累能力;分枝荚在生育时期的表现趋势均为:临豆9号>菏豆12>齐黄34>潍豆9号,临豆9号的分枝具有更强的库积累能力。
主茎叶片和分枝叶片的干物重均呈逐渐增加的趋势。其中主茎叶片干物重在生殖生长期的表现趋势为:齐黄34>菏豆12>潍豆9号>临豆9号,表明齐黄34主茎叶片在生育期提供较高的光合同化物;分枝叶片干物重在生殖生长期的表现趋势为:临豆9号>菏豆12>齐黄34>潍豆9号。
大豆品种的产量与百粒重、LAI、ΦPSⅡ、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性(GS activity)、谷氨酸合成酶活性(GOGAT activity)、栅栏组织厚度、PnGs、主叶脉直径、筛管平均直径呈正相关关系。相关性大小依次表现为:LAI>百粒重>Pn>栅栏组织厚度>ΦPSⅡ>GS activity>GOGAT activity>筛管平均直径>Gs>主叶脉直径。整体上,源、流、库三类指标与产量的相关性为:源指标>库指标>流指标(图13)。
大豆产量源、流、库各指标在两两之间也具有相关性。株粒数与Fv/Fm、主叶脉直径呈正相关关系;百粒重与GS activity、GOGAT activity、LAI、栅栏组织厚度、ΦPSⅡ、筛管平均直径呈正相关关系;每公顷株数与次叶脉直径呈正相关关系;GS activity与GOGAT activity、LAI、栅栏组织厚度、叶片厚度、ΦPSⅡ、qP、叶柄直径、筛管平均直径呈正相关关系;GOGAT activity与LAI、栅栏组织厚度、叶片厚度、ΦPSⅡ、qP、叶柄直径呈正相关关系;LAI与栅栏组织厚度、PnGs、ΦPSⅡ呈正相关关系;栅栏组织厚度与叶片厚度、ΦPSⅡ、qP、次叶脉直径、叶柄直径呈正相关关系;叶片厚度与次叶脉直径、筛管平均直径呈正相关关系;PnGs、主叶脉直径呈正相关关系;GsCiNPQ、筛管平均直径呈正相关关系;TrFv/Fm、筛管平均直径呈正相关关系;Ci与筛管平均直径呈正相关关系;ΦPSⅡ与qP、叶柄直径、筛管平均直径呈正相关关系;qP与叶柄直径、筛管平均直径呈正相关关系;NPQ与主叶脉直径、筛管平均直径呈正相关关系;次叶脉直径与叶柄直径呈正相关关系(图13)。
齐黄34产量、百粒重、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、谷氨酸合成酶活性、叶面积指数、栅栏组织厚度、叶片厚度、Pn、ΦPSⅡ、3天主茎荚的转运能力、主茎荚的持续转运能力均高于其他3个品种。菏豆12的主叶脉直径高于其他3个品种。潍豆9号的株粒数高于其他3个品种。临豆9号分枝荚碳吸收能力高于其他3个品种(图14)。
综上,从“源”的角度分析,齐黄34较其他品种的主要优势是叶面积指数、栅栏组织厚度、叶片厚度、Pn、ΦPSⅡ高于其他3个品种;从“流”的角度分析,齐黄34的主要优势在于同化物向主茎荚的转运能力高于其他3个品种;从“库”的角度分析,齐黄34的主要优势在于主茎荚的持续积累能力、产量、百粒重、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、谷氨酸合成酶活性。
在大豆产量形成过程中,源、流、库各指标对产量的影响存在显著差异,且以源指标的作用最为关键[20,29-30]。前人研究发现,叶面积指数(LAI)和净光合速率(Pn)被普遍认为是影响作物光合作用效率的重要因素,较高的LAI能够显著提升光合作用和干物质积累[31]。本研究结果表明,齐黄34冠层、叶片结构与光合优势表现出较强的13C瞬时吸收能力(图4),且在整个生育期内保持较强的光合潜力以及较高的主茎叶片、茎秆和主茎荚干物重(图12),与源指标相互印证。同时,各器官13C瞬时吸收率与源各项指标的相关性分析,和各品种在LAI、叶片结构、光合和荧光特征上的差异高度一致(图1235)。产量也与LAI、ΦPSⅡ、栅栏组织厚度、PnGs呈正相关关系(图13),表明强源能力直接驱动同化物积累与籽粒充实过程。
流指标方面,产量构成要素与作物维管束的发达程度呈显著正相关关系[32]。本研究表明,主叶脉、次叶脉、叶柄、筛管为同化物运输提供了高效的“流”通道。13C脉冲标记动态验证了主叶脉直径、次叶脉直径、叶柄直径大和发育良好的筛管可以提高物质转运效率(图7)。
良好的库特性是维持粒重和最终产量的物质基础[33-34]。有研究表明,谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合成酶活性直接影响同化物的转化与储存[35-36]。本研究表明,产量与百粒重、LAI、ΦPSⅡ、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸合成酶、栅栏组织厚度、PnGs、主叶脉直径、筛管平均直径呈正相关关系(图13)。齐黄34叶面积指数、栅栏组织厚度、叶片厚度、Pn、ΦPSⅡ、3天主茎荚的转运能力、主茎荚的持续转运能力、产量、百粒重、GS activity、GOGAT activity均高于其他3个品种(图14)。
在大豆育种中,可将LAI和Pn作为重要筛选指标;主叶脉直径、叶柄直径、筛管平均直径可作为筛选高运输效率品种的关键性状;籽粒氮代谢酶活性可反映库对光合产物的吸收与储存能力,育种中可将其作为库活性评价的功能指标。
源、流、库3个系统之间并非独立运作,而是构建了一个协调互作、动态调控的复合系统[37]。源与流之间的关联主要表现为栅栏组织厚度与次叶脉直径、叶柄直径呈正相关关系。叶片厚度与次叶脉直径、筛管平均直径呈正相关关系。齐黄34较大的叶柄直径和筛管直径,促进光合产物高效运输,保持较高的Pn和ΦPSⅡ。这种关系揭示出源组织的光合强度提升可以提高运输通道的瞬时输出效率,使得源端产物更快输送至库端。
库与流之间的耦合关系也非常明显,良好的运输结构和流通效率有助于库的高效积累[13,20]。本研究表明,株粒数与主叶脉直径呈正相关关系。百粒重与筛管平均直径呈正相关关系。谷氨酰胺合成酶活性与叶柄直径、筛管平均直径呈正相关关系。谷氨酸合成酶活性与叶柄直径呈正相关关系。齐黄34酶活性和13C分配率高,叶柄直径和筛管直径大,使得光合产物能够高效地从源运输到库,体现了库对流的促进作用。
源与库之间的互作主要体现在光合产物供给能力与鼓粒潜力之间的配合[20,38]。本研究发现株粒数与Fv/Fm呈正相关关系。百粒重与LAI、栅栏组织厚度、ΦPSⅡ呈正相关关系。谷氨酰胺合成酶与LAI、栅栏组织厚度、叶片厚度、ΦPSⅡ、qP呈正相关关系。谷氨酸合成酶与LAI、栅栏组织厚度、叶片厚度、ΦPSⅡ、qP呈正相关关系。齐黄34在整个生育期内LAI和Pn最高,同时其主茎荚和分枝荚的13C分配率也显著高于其他品种,表明源的光合潜力促进了库的高效积累。
本研究表明大豆产量形成受源、流、库协同调控。其中,源指标(叶面积指数和净光合速率)与产量的相关性最强;库指标(百粒重、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、谷氨酸合成酶活性)和流指标(筛管平均直径和主叶脉直径)也是影响产量形成的重要指标。4个供试品种中,齐黄34源、流、库协调性最好、百粒重及实收产量最高。在大豆育种中,首先以ΦPSⅡ、Pn和LAI为核心筛选高光效的种质资源;其次通过叶片和维管束解剖结构筛选运输效率高的材料;最后结合氮代谢酶活性与库容性状确定高产潜力的大豆品种。
  • 国家大豆产业技术体系(CARS-04-CES16)
  • 山东省泰山产业领军人才(tscx202211138)
  • 济南市“新高校20条”(202228094)
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2026年第59卷第16期
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doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.005
  • 接收时间:2026-01-06
  • 首发时间:2026-09-03
  • 出版时间:2026-08-16
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-06
  • 录用日期:2026-06-03
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国家大豆产业技术体系(CARS-04-CES16)
山东省泰山产业领军人才(tscx202211138)
济南市“新高校20条”(202228094)
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    1 山东省农业科学院作物研究所, 济南 250100
    2 山东农业大学农学院, 山东泰安 271018

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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