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Article(id=1244336188803366916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244323073571209252, issueId=1244336186114819067, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13695/j.cnki.12-1222/o3.2025.10.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736784000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1752076800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-10, onlineDate=1774602466058, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1761753600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774602466058, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774602466058, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774602466058, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244336186114819067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244323073571209252, year='2025', volume='33', issue='10', pageStart='955', pageEnd='1060', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774602465418, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774604459075, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244344548185452773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244323073571209252, issueId=1244336186114819067, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244344548185452774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244323073571209252, issueId=1244336186114819067, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1043, endPage=1049, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244336189130522631, articleId=1244336188803366916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244323073571209252, language=EN, title=Structural optimization of RFOG sensing unit driven by a broadband light source, columnId=1244336189055025158, journalTitle=Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology, columnName=Inertial Instrument Research and Design, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to suppress the relative intensity noise (RIN) of broadband light source-based resonant fiber optic gyroscope (RFOG) and improve the accuracy of RFOG. The structure of the fiber optic resonant cavity sensitive element is analyzed and optimized. First, a simulation model is established based on the multi-loop interference superposition theory to explore the transmission characteristics of the broadband RFOG under different sensitive element structures. Next, based on the RFOG optical field theoretical model, the impact of coupler position on the accuracy of the gyroscope and the magnitude of the RIN is analyzed. Experimental results show that the asymmetric resonator with the fiber loop at the coupler's cross port achieves superior accuracy. And this structure suppresses relative intensity noise. By optimizing the sensitive element structure and using a fiber resonator with a diameter of 10 cm and a length of 220 meters, the angle random walk reached and the bias instability reached 0.002 (°)/h. In addition, a single-axis gyroscope prototype is built using a fiber loop with a diameter of 5 cm and a length of 300 meters. The prototype has a volume of 170 cm3. the angle random walk reachedand the bias instability reached 0.02(°)/h.

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为了抑制宽谱光源谐振式光纤陀螺（RFOG）的相对强度噪声（RIN），提高宽谱光源RFOG精度，对光纤谐振腔敏感单元结构进行分析和优化。首先，根据多圈干涉叠加理论建立了仿真模型，探究不同敏感单元结构下宽谱RFOG的传输特性。其次，基于RFOG光场理论模型，分析了耦合器位置对陀螺的精度以及RIN大小的影响，实验验证了光纤环位于耦合器交叉端的非对称谐振腔具有更好的极限精度，并且能够抑制相对强度噪声。通过优化敏感单元结构，在使用直径10 cm，长度220 m的光纤环情况下，实现了的角度随机游走以及0.002（°）/h的零偏不稳定性；并且使用直径5 cm，长度300 m的光纤环搭建了单轴陀螺样机，样机体积为170 cm3，最终实现了的随机游走以及0.02（°）/h的零偏不稳定性。

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张勇刚（1981—），男，教授，博士生导师，从事导航技术研究。
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杨柳（1988—），女，教授，博士生导师，从事光学惯性器件研究。

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杨柳（1988—），女，教授，博士生导师，从事光学惯性器件研究。

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杨柳（1988—），女，教授，博士生导师，从事光学惯性器件研究。

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figureFileSmall=dgyowePIV9nLYnP097PJlw==, figureFileBig=6E146OfGyQz1CsmLv4Xaug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244336212144669302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244323073571209252, articleId=1244336188803366916, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Relationship of resonator structure and fiber loop length

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
谐振腔结构耦合器左侧直通端耦合器右侧交叉耦合端耦合器两边对称分布
L1环长220 m0 m110 m
L2环长0 m220 m110 m
), ArticleFig(id=1244336212253721216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244323073571209252, articleId=1244336188803366916, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

谐振腔结构与光纤环长关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
谐振腔结构耦合器左侧直通端耦合器右侧交叉耦合端耦合器两边对称分布
L1环长220 m0 m110 m
L2环长0 m220 m110 m
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宽谱光源驱动的谐振式光纤陀螺敏感单元结构优化
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杨柳 , 郝奕龙 , 王颖 , 徐辰龙 , 高海明 , 张勇刚
中国惯性技术学报 | 惯性仪表研究与设计 2025,33(10): 1043-1049
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中国惯性技术学报 | 惯性仪表研究与设计 2025, 33(10): 1043-1049
宽谱光源驱动的谐振式光纤陀螺敏感单元结构优化
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杨柳, 郝奕龙, 王颖, 徐辰龙, 高海明, 张勇刚
作者信息
  • 哈尔滨工程大学　智能科学与工程学院，哈尔滨　150001

    • 杨柳（1988—），女，教授，博士生导师，从事光学惯性器件研究。

通讯作者:

张勇刚（1981—），男，教授，博士生导师，从事导航技术研究。
Structural optimization of RFOG sensing unit driven by a broadband light source
Liu YANG, Yilong HAO, Ying WANG, Chenlong XU, Haiming GAO, Yonggang ZHANG
Affiliations
  • College of Intelligent systems science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
出版时间: 2025-10-30 doi: 10.13695/j.cnki.12-1222/o3.2025.10.011
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摘要
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为了抑制宽谱光源谐振式光纤陀螺（RFOG）的相对强度噪声（RIN），提高宽谱光源RFOG精度，对光纤谐振腔敏感单元结构进行分析和优化。首先，根据多圈干涉叠加理论建立了仿真模型，探究不同敏感单元结构下宽谱RFOG的传输特性。其次，基于RFOG光场理论模型，分析了耦合器位置对陀螺的精度以及RIN大小的影响，实验验证了光纤环位于耦合器交叉端的非对称谐振腔具有更好的极限精度，并且能够抑制相对强度噪声。通过优化敏感单元结构，在使用直径10 cm，长度220 m的光纤环情况下，实现了的角度随机游走以及0.002（°）/h的零偏不稳定性；并且使用直径5 cm，长度300 m的光纤环搭建了单轴陀螺样机，样机体积为170 cm3，最终实现了的随机游走以及0.02（°）/h的零偏不稳定性。

谐振式光纤陀螺  /  宽谱光源  /  光纤谐振腔  /  相对强度噪声

In order to suppress the relative intensity noise (RIN) of broadband light source-based resonant fiber optic gyroscope (RFOG) and improve the accuracy of RFOG. The structure of the fiber optic resonant cavity sensitive element is analyzed and optimized. First, a simulation model is established based on the multi-loop interference superposition theory to explore the transmission characteristics of the broadband RFOG under different sensitive element structures. Next, based on the RFOG optical field theoretical model, the impact of coupler position on the accuracy of the gyroscope and the magnitude of the RIN is analyzed. Experimental results show that the asymmetric resonator with the fiber loop at the coupler's cross port achieves superior accuracy. And this structure suppresses relative intensity noise. By optimizing the sensitive element structure and using a fiber resonator with a diameter of 10 cm and a length of 220 meters, the angle random walk reached and the bias instability reached 0.002 (°)/h. In addition, a single-axis gyroscope prototype is built using a fiber loop with a diameter of 5 cm and a length of 300 meters. The prototype has a volume of 170 cm3. the angle random walk reachedand the bias instability reached 0.02(°)/h.

resonant fiber optic gyroscope  /  broadband light source  /  optical fiber resonator  /  relative intensity noise
杨柳, 郝奕龙, 王颖, 徐辰龙, 高海明, 张勇刚. 宽谱光源驱动的谐振式光纤陀螺敏感单元结构优化. 中国惯性技术学报, 2025 , 33 (10) : 1043 -1049 . DOI: 10.13695/j.cnki.12-1222/o3.2025.10.011
Liu YANG, Yilong HAO, Ying WANG, Chenlong XU, Haiming GAO, Yonggang ZHANG. Structural optimization of RFOG sensing unit driven by a broadband light source[J]. Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology, 2025 , 33 (10) : 1043 -1049 . DOI: 10.13695/j.cnki.12-1222/o3.2025.10.011
正文
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光纤陀螺是一种利用Sagnac效应敏感角速度的传感器，以其结构简单、寿命长、精度高、启动快等优势，已发展成为惯性技术领域具有划时代特征的主流代表。光纤陀螺根据检测机理不同主要分为干涉式光纤陀螺（Interferometric Fiber-Optic Gyroscope，IFOG）与谐振式光纤陀螺（Resonant Fiber-Optic gyroscope，RFOG）。干涉式光纤陀螺发展较为成熟，但由于其标度因数与光纤环的长度呈正相关，且难以突破现有理论极限并进一步小型化。谐振式光纤陀螺标度因数与光纤环直径呈正相关，同等光纤环长下，谐振式光纤陀螺拥有更高的检测灵敏度，理论上可以用数十至百米的光纤环实现导航级陀螺性能[1-3]。因此，谐振式光学陀螺在高精度、低成本和小体积等方面有着明显优势。
传统的谐振式光学陀螺采用高相干光源驱动，获得了波长更加稳定的光源的同时也给系统引入了更多复杂的光学噪声，使其精度一直未有突破性进展，严重影响了工程化进程。近年来研究人员提出了基于宽谱光源的谐振式光纤陀螺受到广泛关注，其采用低相干光源克服了大量相干光引起的光学噪声[4]，并且无需高精度的激光锁频回路，兼具传统干涉式方案和窄带光源谐振式方案的优点。同等环长条件下，宽谱光源驱动的RFOG在光纤陀螺仪方案中占据很大优势，该方案在光路结构简单的同时具有较高灵敏度，是未来新一代光学陀螺的有力竞争方案。
2022年，浙江大学与上海交通大学团队联合提出基于宽谱光源的谐振式光纤陀螺[5]，该方法的出现从根本上解决了传统RFOG相干噪声对陀螺精度的限制。使用直径14 cm，长度100 m的光纤环，最终随机游走达到，零偏不稳定性达到0.009（°）/h。2024年，蓝士琦等人对宽谱光源RFOG谐振特性进行了分析，根据光场传输理论完成了宽谱RFOG的光场传输特性分析，建立了宽谱RFOG谐振频差曲线模型[6]。通过实验验证了谐振特性理论分析的正确性，最终通过优化谐振腔参数，使用500 m，直径60 mm的光纤环实现零偏不稳定性0.059（°）/h。2025年，徐辰龙等人对宽谱RFOG中RIN噪声进行分析，提出一种光强波动偏移技术来主动抑制RIN，从而提高陀螺随机游走性能[7]，采用内径6 cm，长114 m的光纤环进行测试，相较于传统白光方案角度随机游走提高了18.4%，达到。
针对宽谱光源RFOG光路结构的分析具有重要意义，但是目前的研究主要针对耦合器耦合系数、传输效率、精细度、非互易长度等参数对陀螺输出的影响，缺少对敏感单元结构的研究[6,8]。
目前宽谱光源RFOG主要采用透射式谐振腔结构，但是各个研究机构采用的透射式敏感单元结构不尽相同，例如：西北工业大学和西安飞行自动控制研究所采用四态调制方式来动态检测调制系数的波动并对其进行补偿，光纤敏感单元采用了对称式结构[9]，光纤环在耦合器两侧对称分布，谐振曲线为“峰谷峰”形状；浙江大学曾采用了一种非对称结构，将光纤环放在耦合器左边的直通端来减少温度瞬态变化引起的误差[10]；中北大学提出过耦合态的宽谱光源RFOG以提高光功率利用率和灵敏度，敏感单元采用了非对称结构，将光纤环放在耦合器交叉耦合端[11]。由于不同敏感单元结构下的谐振曲线有所差异，因此理论精度也有所不同，因此有必要对光纤敏感单元结构展开研究。
本文基于光场传输理论，对基于宽谱光源谐振式光纤陀螺的敏感单元结构进行分析，探究了不同敏感单元结构下的谐振频差曲线和传输特性，对比了不同结构光纤谐振腔的传输特性以及理论精度，验证了非对称性光纤谐振腔具有更好的理论精度。对宽谱光源RFOG光纤谐振腔的设计具有理论指导意义。
1　透射式宽谱RFOG谐振特性建模
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针对宽谱光源RFOG透射式谐振腔存在不同的敏感单元结构，对光路进行建模，宽谱光源透射式RFOG结构如图1所示。
透射式光路结构的宽谱光源RFOG光束在光路中的传输方式为：ASE光源产生低相干光束，通过环形器之后进入Y波导进行调制并分束为顺、逆时针两路光束，通过交叉耦合进入光纤谐振腔，光束在谐振腔内传输后出射，再次经过Y波导，合光后通过环形器到达探测器。
对于透射式谐振腔结构，如图2所示，光束经过耦合器1之后，通过交叉耦合端后经过一段光纤环后再次经过耦合器2，将这一段光纤环称为交叉耦合端光纤环；之后，光束通过耦合器2直通端经过一段环长再次回到耦合器1，将这段光纤环称为直通端光纤环。直通端和交叉耦合端光纤环长分别为L1和L2，总环长为L。
为了方便后续仿真与对比实验，将光纤谐振腔分为三种结构，如表1所示，分别是光纤环位于直通端，L1=L，光纤环L2的环长忽略不计；光纤环位于交叉耦合端，L2=L，光纤环L1的环长忽略不计；以及光纤环平均分布L1=L2=L/2，需要考虑不同谐振腔结构进行建模。
下面，对基于不同谐振腔结构的宽谱RFOG进行理论建模和仿真分析。由ASE光源发出的光场为：
其中，Pin表示光源输出功率，ASE光源输出光谱近似为矩形谱，f1到f2为光谱起止频率，f表示光束频率，ϕ0表示初始相位，为了简化运算假设ϕ0为0。光束通过环形器和Y波导分束后，顺逆时针光场表达式相同，沿顺时针方向传播的光场可以表示为：
其中，αcir代表环形器的插入损耗，αpm为Y波导的插入损耗，Y波导分束比为1:1。顺时针光束通过耦合器1交叉耦合入环形谐振腔内，为Ein：
其中，αcp为耦合器插入损耗，kc1和kc2分别表示耦合器的耦合系数。光束传输到耦合器处，经过耦合器直通端的光束被直接损耗，另一部分光通过耦合器交叉耦合进入谐振腔内，在谐振腔内经过多圈传输后，通过耦合器交叉端出射，顺时针方向出射光场ECW可以被表示成：
其中，n代表光在谐振腔内传播的圈数，τL和τR分别表示左右两侧光纤环单圈传输延时，可以表示为：τ=nrL/c，其中nr为光纤的有效折射率，c为光速；αL和αR分别表示左右两侧光纤环的单圈传输损耗。同理，逆时针方向出射光场可以表示为ECCW：
为了方便表示，将R定义为单圈传输损耗，可以表示为：
顺逆时针的光束出腔后经过Y波导合光，经过环形器后由探测器接收到，最终进入探测器的光场可以表示为Eout：
对上式取模并求和之后可以得到探测器处的光强Iout可以表示为：
对宽谱光源按照频率积分可以得到探测器处的光功率Pout可以表示为：
为了方便对比，选取上文中的三种光路结构进行仿真，得到三种敏感单元结构对应的谐振特性曲线，如图3所示。根据图3可以看出，不同敏感单元结构谐振特性有所区别，由于光纤总环长相同，因此三条曲线自由谱宽（FSR）相同。按照光束多圈干涉叠加方法分析，对称式的敏感单元结构光束按照0.5、1.5、2.5圈传输叠加，因此黄色曲线输出特性为“峰谷峰”的形式。蓝色曲线和红色曲线为洛伦兹型曲线，但是蓝色曲线半高全宽更小，这是因为光束传输第一圈经过的光纤环长度不同，因此谐振曲线也有所差异，蓝色曲线对应的谐振腔光束传输的第一圈经过了所有的光纤环长，相较于其它两种结构携带了更多的旋转信息，因此具有更大的灵敏度和理论精度优势。
2　宽谱光源RFOG敏感单元结构实验
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为了验证上述理论，根据图1的结构图搭建了宽谱光源驱动的RFOG实验光路，如图4所示。宽谱光源采用功率P0=50mW，谱宽30 nm的ASE光源；耦合器耦合系数实测为kc1=0.0193、kc2=0.0194，两个耦合器耦合系数基本相同，对光路的互易性没有影响。考虑到探测器处的接收光功率和谐振曲线对称性，实验光路对耦合器冗余度为±1%，耦合器误差满足要求；不同结构中谐振腔平均直径D均为10 cm。
2.1　谐振特性曲线测试
首先，针对三种不同结构的谐振腔，分别将光纤环放在耦合器直通端、交叉耦合端以及两边进行测试。给Y波导施加锯齿波扫频信号，谐振腔总长度为L=L1+L2=220m，尾纤长度为6 m，FSR为909 kHz，通过施加调制系数为π，调制频率从0到1 MHz的锯齿波扫频信号来模拟旋转角速度，可以得到三种敏感单元结构对应光路的谐振特性曲线，如图5所示。
由图5可知，三种敏感单元结构对应的FSR基本一致，蓝色曲线的半高全宽小于其它两种曲线。当L2=220m（光纤环位于耦合器右侧交叉耦合端）时，谐振腔半高宽为38 kHz；当L1=L2=110m（光纤环位于耦合器两侧）时，谐振曲线为“峰谷峰”的形式，半高宽为46.6 kHz；当L1=220m（光纤环位于耦合器左侧直通端）时，谐振腔半高宽为42 kHz。由于宽谱光源驱动的RFOG极限灵敏度受限于光电探测器的散粒噪声[12]，其大小为：
其中，RD为探测器响应度，PPD为探测器处功率，τ为积分时间，h为普朗克常数，F为谐振腔的精细度，可以表示为：
根据式（10）进行计算，令总环长L=220m，直径D=10cm，探测器响应度RD=1，探测器接收光功率PPD=5μW，积分时间τ=1s，精细度F分别为23.9（光纤环位于耦合器右侧）、21.6（光纤环位于耦合器左侧）、19.5（光纤环在两侧平均分布），可以得出三种结构受散粒噪声限制的极限灵敏度分别为：（光纤环位于耦合器右侧）、（光纤环位于耦合器左侧）、（光纤环在两侧平均分布）。
这是由于在谐振腔总长度和直径、以及耦合器耦合比等参数都相同情况下，宽谱光源驱动的RFOG极限灵敏度与谐振腔精细度成反比，并且光纤环位于耦合器右侧时精细度最大，因此，该结构具有最大的灵敏度和理论精度优势，极限灵敏度相较于其它两种结构分别提升了22.6%和10.5%。
2.2　调制参数选取以及相对强度噪声测试
在宽谱光源RFOG中，ASE光源功率较高，相对强度噪声的影响远超热噪声和散粒噪声，成为随机游走误差的主要来源[13]，因此还需要对比不同敏感单元结构的相对强度噪声大小。采用400 kHz的调制频率来抑制相对强度噪声[14]。为了得到最佳调制系数，对三种光路分别进行扫模。由于宽谱光源RFOG中受背向散射噪声影响较小，因此不需要改变调制系数来进行载波抑制，并且调制系数大于1.4时，标度因数开始恶化，因此选择调制系数从0增加到1.3，测试了不同调制系数下三种光路的标度因数，如图6所示。可以看出，随着调制系数增加，三条曲线先增加后减小，在M=1.1时达到最大值，蓝色曲线对应的标度因数均大于其它两种曲线，调制参数相同的条件下，光纤环位于右侧交叉耦合端的谐振腔结构由于光束传播的第一圈经过了全部光纤环长度，携带了更多转速信息，因此具有更大的标度因数。多次测试后选取调制系数M=0.9，可以在保证标度因数较大的前提下抑制相对强度噪声。
为了对比不同敏感单元结构下的相对强度噪声大小，分别测试了无调制信号情况下，三种敏感单元结构的相对强度噪声谱线，如图7所示。从图7可知，在没有调制信号的情况下，三条曲线基本一致，在最低点处蓝色曲线低于其它两种曲线。光纤环位于右侧交叉耦合端的敏感单元结构，在陀螺工作点（400 kHz频率点）的相对强度噪声有所降低，其它两种结构差别不明显。
随后，又对施加了相同调制信号情况下，三种敏感单元结构的相对强度噪声谱线进行测试，结果如图8所示。在使用正弦波调制后，三条曲线部分频率处的RIN振幅均有所增加，但是只有陀螺正弦调制信号对应频率处的RIN振幅对转速检测有影响[14]，因此只需关注调制频率处的相对强度噪声大小。使用正弦调制后，三种敏感单元结构工作点处（400 kHz频率点）的相对强度噪声大小均有所降低，光纤环位于右侧交叉耦合端的结构相对强度噪声强度小于其它两种结构。综上可以得出这种敏感单元结构可以提高陀螺输出标度因数并减少工作点的相对强度噪声。
2.3　不同敏感单元结构陀螺静态测试
针对三种不同敏感单元结构光路分别进行测试，对三种光路使用最佳调制参数的正弦波进行调制解调，测试时间约一小时，得到Allan方差曲线如图9所示。可以看出，由于具有更好的理论精度优势以及对RIN具有更好的抑制效果，光纤环位于右侧交叉耦合端的敏感单元结构具有最好的短期性能，角度随机游走达到；光纤环对称分布的敏感单元结构角度随机游走为；光纤环位于左侧直通端的结构，受相对强度噪声影响较大，角度随机游走为。
结合图8可以看出，蓝色曲线RIN抑制效果最好，其次是黄色曲线，最差的是红色曲线，与ARW测试结果相符，可以看出RIN抑制了陀螺的短期性能，对RIN进行抑制可以提高陀螺ARW性能。由于三种敏感单元结构不改变光路的互易性，并且宽谱光源的使用减少了陀螺相干噪声，三种敏感单元结构长期性能差别较小，零偏不稳定性均达到0.002（°）/h。
3　宽谱光源谐振式光纤陀螺单轴样机系统集成
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3.1　样机系统集成
基于上述研究，进一步对优化后的宽谱光源RFOG光路进行系统集成。为了满足小型化需求，使用了平均直径5 cm，长度300 m的光纤环来减少陀螺样机体积。光纤骨架直径6 cm，高度为1.5 cm，集成了光纤环、环形器、耦合器、Y波导等光学器件。电路和光源直径均为6 cm，电路集成了FPGA、ADC与DAC、FLASH和电源等部分，为了防止温度串扰，电路板与光纤骨架保持了一定的间距。光源采用输出功率20 mW，中心波长1550 nm，谱宽35 nm，平坦度为1.27 dB的ASE光源，满足陀螺使用精度。为保证输出功率，耦合器耦合比为0.03。最终样机整体直径为6.3 cm，高度5.4 cm，体积为170 cm3，样机整体结构如图10所示。经过结构加工、器件装配后，单轴陀螺样机实物图如图11所示。
3.2　单轴陀螺样机测试
对陀螺样机进行静态测试，水平放置在大理石平台上，进行1小时静态测试，得到的Allan方差曲线如图12所示，最终实现了的随机游走以及0.02（°）/h的零偏不稳定性。
对陀螺标度因数稳定性进行测试，在相同条件下，重复测量陀螺标度因数之间的一致程度，得到陀螺标度因数稳定性为330 ppm。
3.3　单轴陀螺样机噪声分析
相较于实验光路，陀螺样机的ARW相差10倍，这是由于样机使用的光纤环较小，光纤环平均直径为5 cm，探测器处接收光功率为2 μW，根据式（10）可以推出，光纤环长和功率变化引起的样机的极限灵敏度相较于实验光路恶化了约3.2倍；同时由于耦合比增大，并且受限于样机尺寸，光学器件尾纤弯折损耗增加，导致样机谐振腔半高宽增加到90 kHz，品质因子（Q）值相较实验光路又恶化了2.4倍，最终得出样机受散粒噪声限制的极限灵敏度约为，实测ARW为，距离理论精度仍有较大差别。主要原因是陀螺仍受RIN影响，以及由于弯折损耗导致探测器光功率减少，会导致陀螺电噪声增加。
耦合器两端光纤环长存在几厘米的误差，环长差异会影响谐振曲线的对称性，但是相较于300 m的光纤环长，几厘米的误差可以忽略，对样机精度没有影响。
此外，弯折点容易产生瑞利散射，背向散射噪声中的直流项仍然会对宽谱光源RFOG产生影响，抑制陀螺的长期精度[15]，使陀螺稳定性受到影响。陀螺仍受到光源引入的RIN噪声影响，宽谱RFOG陀螺还有较大优化空间[16]。后续可以改进单轴样机机械结构以及使用细径光纤来减少弯折损耗来优化谐振腔Q值，减少探测器散粒噪声，从而提高陀螺精度。
4　结论
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本文对透射式宽谱RFOG的敏感单元结构进行了分析，建立了不同结构下的宽谱RFOG光场模型，通过实验对比了不同敏感单元结构下RFOG的理论精度以及相对强度噪声大小，验证了优化敏感单元结构可以获得更高的精细度，从而提高宽谱RFOG的理论精度，优化后角度随机游走达到，零偏不稳定性达到0.002（°）/h，本论文对宽谱RFOG谐振腔设计提出了优化建议。同时采用优化的光路完成了单轴陀螺样机系统集成，采用更小直径的光纤环，在170 cm3体积下，角度随机游走达到，零偏不稳定性达到0.02（°）/h。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(62273115)
  • 航空科学基金(2024M0220P6001)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费(3072024XX0401)
文献
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2025年第33卷第10期
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doi: 10.13695/j.cnki.12-1222/o3.2025.10.011
  • 接收时间：2025-01-14
  • 首发时间：2026-03-27
  • 出版时间：2025-10-30
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  • 收稿日期：2025-01-14
  • 录用日期：2025-07-10
基金
国家自然科学基金(62273115)
航空科学基金(2024M0220P6001)
中央高校基本科研业务费(3072024XX0401)
作者信息
    哈尔滨工程大学　智能科学与工程学院，哈尔滨　150001

通讯作者:

张勇刚（1981—），男，教授，博士生导师，从事导航技术研究。
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