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Article(id=1278415781855736714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1277328335906669390, articleNumber=1003-3033(2026)05-0083-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0923, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1766332800000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-22, revisedDate=1773936000000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782727674205, onlineDateStr=2026-06-29, pubDate=1779897600000, pubDateStr=2026-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782727674205, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782727674205, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782727674205, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277328335906669390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2026', volume='36', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='318', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779897600000', pubDateStr='2026-05-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782468406892, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782867658151, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1279002917143286724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1277328335906669390, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1279002917143286725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1277328335906669390, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=83, endPage=88, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1278415782229029771, articleId=1278415781855736714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Mechanism of detonation failure and re-ignition of acetylene-oxygen mixture, columnId=1277328337617941059, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety Technology and Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to reveal the influence of small perturbations on the failure and re-initiation of normal detonation and quasi-detonation waves, experimental were carried out on acetylene-oxygen mixtures. Firstly, thin metal plates of different lengths were arranged in the explosion chamber to introduce small-scale perturbations. Then, helical springs with wire diameters of 7 and 9 mm were used to construct rough wall surfaces for generating quasi-detonation. Finally, distributed photoelectric probes were employed to record the arrival times of detonation waves, and a high-speed schlieren system was combined to observe the diffraction and re-initiation processes of detonation waves. The research reveals that introducing minor perturbations significantly reduces the critical initiation pressure threshold. Below this critical initial pressure, re-initiation of the detonation wave is impossible, even with perturbations present. Conversely, above this critical pressure, planar detonation waves within the tube consistently transition to spherical detonation waves in all repeated experiments. The re-initiation site for normal detonation in a smooth tube consistently occurs near the thin plate, whereas the re-initiation location for quasi-detonation in a rough tube exhibits randomness. Quantitative analysis demonstrates distinct critical initiation criteria for the two detonation types: for the successful re-initiation of detonation, the ratio of the critical tube diameter to the detonation cell size must be greater than or equal to 13, while the critical threshold for the successful re-initiation of quasi-detonation is reduced to approximately 8 for the ratio of the critical tube diameter to the cell size.

, authors=Xuxu Sun1, 2, Yiwei Yang1, Yongjiang Liu1, Jiaxin Yao1, Jun Wang1, Guochun Li3, **, authorsList=Xuxu Sun, Yiwei Yang, Yongjiang Liu, Jiaxin Yao, Jun Wang, Guochun Li, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guochun Li, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1278415784892412822, articleId=1278415781855736714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=乙炔-氧气混合气体爆轰失效和再起爆机制, columnId=1277328337940902469, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全技术与工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为揭示微小扰动对正常爆轰和准爆轰波失效与再起爆的影响特征,以乙炔-氧气混合气体为对象开展研究。首先,在爆炸罐内布设不同长度的薄金属板,引入小尺度扰动;然后,采用 7、9 mm线径的螺旋弹簧构建粗糙壁面形成准爆轰;最后,通过分布式光电探头记录爆轰波到达时间,结合高速纹影系统观测爆轰波衍射和再起爆过程。研究结果表明:引入微小扰动可显著降低临界起爆压力阈值:当初始压力低于该临界值时,即使存在扰动也无法实现爆轰波的再起爆;而高于该临界压力时,所有重复试验下管中的平面爆轰波最终都能成功转变为球状爆轰波。光滑管中正常爆轰的再起爆位置始终出现在薄板附近,而粗糙管中准爆轰的再起爆位置呈现随机性。2类爆轰具有不同的临界起爆判据,即正常爆轰成功再起爆需满足临界管径与爆轰胞格尺寸的比值≥13;而准爆轰成功再起爆的临界阈值则会降低,其临界管径与胞格尺寸的比值约为8。

, authors=孙绪绪1, 2, 杨轶纬1, 刘勇江1, 姚佳欣1, 王珺1, 李国春3, **, authorsList=孙绪绪, 杨轶纬, 刘勇江, 姚佳欣, 王珺, 李国春, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李国春, authorNote=

孙绪绪 (1994—),男,安徽宿州人,博士,教授,主要从事氢能安全监测与风险防控、火焰传播动力学、缓燃转爆轰等方面的研究。E-mail: 。

王珺 讲师。

, correspAuthorsNote=
** 李国春(1993—),男,山东济南人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事爆炸火焰传播动力学与灾害防治等方向的研究。E-mail: 。
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2 武汉理工大学燃料电池湖北省重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430070, bio={"content":"

孙绪绪 (1994—),男,安徽宿州人,博士,教授,主要从事氢能安全监测与风险防控、火焰传播动力学、缓燃转爆轰等方面的研究。E-mail: 。

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孙绪绪 (1994—),男,安徽宿州人,博士,教授,主要从事氢能安全监测与风险防控、火焰传播动力学、缓燃转爆轰等方面的研究。E-mail: 。

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王珺 讲师。

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王珺 讲师。

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label=Table 1, caption=

Critical pressure and dc/λ values under various working conditions

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试验条件 Pc/kPa dc/λ
l=D=76.2 mm,光滑管 2.7 9.281 36
l=D=76.2 mm,7 mm弹簧直径粗糙管 3.3 9.749 22
l=D=76.2 mm,9 mm弹簧直径粗糙管 3.2 8.778 28
l=1.25D=95.25 mm,光滑管 2.8 9.719 39
l=1.25D=95.25,7mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 3.2 9.381 6
l=1.25D=95.25,9 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 3.3 9.122 26
l=1.5D=114.3 mm,光滑管 2.9 10.16
l=1.5D=114.3,7 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 3.2 9.381 6
l=1.5D=114.3,9 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 3.1 8.434 78
40% N2,l=0.5D=38.1 mm,光滑管 7.4 7.937 5
40% N2,l=0.5D=38.1,7 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 10.5 15.55
40% N2,l=0.5D=38.1,9 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 11 20.785 71
40% N2,l=D=76.2 mm,光滑管 7 7.470 59
40% N2,l=D=76.2,7 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 11 23.037 04
40% N2,l=D=76.2,9 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 10.8 17.117 65
40% N2,l=1.25D=95.25 mm,光滑管 8.5 9.645 57
40% N2,l=1.5D=114.3 mm,光滑管 8.8 10.16
40% N2,l=1.5D=114.3,7 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 11.2 29.619 05
40% N2,l=1.5D=114.3,9 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 11.3 30.631 58
), ArticleFig(id=1278415790609249236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415781855736714, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各试验条件下的临界压力与dc/λ值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验条件 Pc/kPa dc/λ
l=D=76.2 mm,光滑管 2.7 9.281 36
l=D=76.2 mm,7 mm弹簧直径粗糙管 3.3 9.749 22
l=D=76.2 mm,9 mm弹簧直径粗糙管 3.2 8.778 28
l=1.25D=95.25 mm,光滑管 2.8 9.719 39
l=1.25D=95.25,7mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 3.2 9.381 6
l=1.25D=95.25,9 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 3.3 9.122 26
l=1.5D=114.3 mm,光滑管 2.9 10.16
l=1.5D=114.3,7 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 3.2 9.381 6
l=1.5D=114.3,9 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 3.1 8.434 78
40% N2,l=0.5D=38.1 mm,光滑管 7.4 7.937 5
40% N2,l=0.5D=38.1,7 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 10.5 15.55
40% N2,l=0.5D=38.1,9 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 11 20.785 71
40% N2,l=D=76.2 mm,光滑管 7 7.470 59
40% N2,l=D=76.2,7 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 11 23.037 04
40% N2,l=D=76.2,9 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 10.8 17.117 65
40% N2,l=1.25D=95.25 mm,光滑管 8.5 9.645 57
40% N2,l=1.5D=114.3 mm,光滑管 8.8 10.16
40% N2,l=1.5D=114.3,7 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 11.2 29.619 05
40% N2,l=1.5D=114.3,9 mm
弹簧直径粗糙管		 11.3 30.631 58
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乙炔-氧气混合气体爆轰失效和再起爆机制
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孙绪绪 1, 2 , 杨轶纬 1 , 刘勇江 1 , 姚佳欣 1 , 王珺 1 , 李国春 3, **
中国安全科学学报 | 安全技术与工程 2026,36(5): 83-88
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中国安全科学学报 |安全技术与工程 2026 , 36 (5) : 83 -88
乙炔-氧气混合气体爆轰失效和再起爆机制
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2 武汉理工大学燃料电池湖北省重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430070, bio={"content":"

孙绪绪 (1994—),男,安徽宿州人,博士,教授,主要从事氢能安全监测与风险防控、火焰传播动力学、缓燃转爆轰等方面的研究。E-mail: 。

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孙绪绪 (1994—),男,安徽宿州人,博士,教授,主要从事氢能安全监测与风险防控、火焰传播动力学、缓燃转爆轰等方面的研究。E-mail: 。

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孙绪绪1, 2 , 杨轶纬1, 刘勇江1, 姚佳欣1, 王珺1, 李国春3, **
作者信息
  • 1 武汉理工大学 安全科学与应急管理学院, 湖北 武汉 430070
  • 2 武汉理工大学燃料电池湖北省重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430070
  • 3 国网山东省电力公司 电力科学研究院, 山东 济南 250003
通讯作者:
** 李国春(1993—),男,山东济南人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事爆炸火焰传播动力学与灾害防治等方向的研究。E-mail: 。
作者简介:

孙绪绪 (1994—),男,安徽宿州人,博士,教授,主要从事氢能安全监测与风险防控、火焰传播动力学、缓燃转爆轰等方面的研究。E-mail: 。

王珺 讲师。

Mechanism of detonation failure and re-ignition of acetylene-oxygen mixture
Xuxu Sun1, 2 , Yiwei Yang1, Yongjiang Liu1, Jiaxin Yao1, Jun Wang1, Guochun Li3, **
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430070, China
  • 2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430070, China
  • 3 Electric Power Science Research Institute, State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company, Jinan Shandong 250003, China
出版时间: 2026-05-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0923
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摘要
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为揭示微小扰动对正常爆轰和准爆轰波失效与再起爆的影响特征,以乙炔-氧气混合气体为对象开展研究。首先,在爆炸罐内布设不同长度的薄金属板,引入小尺度扰动;然后,采用 7、9 mm线径的螺旋弹簧构建粗糙壁面形成准爆轰;最后,通过分布式光电探头记录爆轰波到达时间,结合高速纹影系统观测爆轰波衍射和再起爆过程。研究结果表明:引入微小扰动可显著降低临界起爆压力阈值:当初始压力低于该临界值时,即使存在扰动也无法实现爆轰波的再起爆;而高于该临界压力时,所有重复试验下管中的平面爆轰波最终都能成功转变为球状爆轰波。光滑管中正常爆轰的再起爆位置始终出现在薄板附近,而粗糙管中准爆轰的再起爆位置呈现随机性。2类爆轰具有不同的临界起爆判据,即正常爆轰成功再起爆需满足临界管径与爆轰胞格尺寸的比值≥13;而准爆轰成功再起爆的临界阈值则会降低,其临界管径与胞格尺寸的比值约为8。

乙炔-氧气混合气体  /  爆轰失效  /  再起爆  /  准爆轰  /  临界压力

In order to reveal the influence of small perturbations on the failure and re-initiation of normal detonation and quasi-detonation waves, experimental were carried out on acetylene-oxygen mixtures. Firstly, thin metal plates of different lengths were arranged in the explosion chamber to introduce small-scale perturbations. Then, helical springs with wire diameters of 7 and 9 mm were used to construct rough wall surfaces for generating quasi-detonation. Finally, distributed photoelectric probes were employed to record the arrival times of detonation waves, and a high-speed schlieren system was combined to observe the diffraction and re-initiation processes of detonation waves. The research reveals that introducing minor perturbations significantly reduces the critical initiation pressure threshold. Below this critical initial pressure, re-initiation of the detonation wave is impossible, even with perturbations present. Conversely, above this critical pressure, planar detonation waves within the tube consistently transition to spherical detonation waves in all repeated experiments. The re-initiation site for normal detonation in a smooth tube consistently occurs near the thin plate, whereas the re-initiation location for quasi-detonation in a rough tube exhibits randomness. Quantitative analysis demonstrates distinct critical initiation criteria for the two detonation types: for the successful re-initiation of detonation, the ratio of the critical tube diameter to the detonation cell size must be greater than or equal to 13, while the critical threshold for the successful re-initiation of quasi-detonation is reduced to approximately 8 for the ratio of the critical tube diameter to the cell size.

acetylene-oxygen mixture  /  detonation failure  /  detonation re-initiation  /  quasi-detonations  /  critical pressure
孙绪绪, 杨轶纬, 刘勇江, 姚佳欣, 王珺, 李国春. 乙炔-氧气混合气体爆轰失效和再起爆机制. 中国安全科学学报, 2026 , 36 (5) : 83 -88 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0923
Xuxu Sun, Yiwei Yang, Yongjiang Liu, Jiaxin Yao, Jun Wang, Guochun Li. Mechanism of detonation failure and re-ignition of acetylene-oxygen mixture[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026 , 36 (5) : 83 -88 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0923
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0 引言
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爆轰波是一种特殊的燃烧形式,其本质特征在于前导激波与释能反应区的紧密耦合。其传播特性受热力学特性、几何约束和初始条件共同调控。爆轰一般是由爆燃进一步转变而来[1-2]。在脉冲爆震发动机(Pulse Detonation Engine,PDE)、旋转爆轰发动机(Rotating Detonation Engine,RDE)及防爆系统等工程应用中,爆轰波常需经历从约束管道向开放空间的过渡。该过渡通常伴随波系衍射、膨胀及不稳定性发展,这些因素共同作用可能导致爆轰失效。当约束管径过小或混合物活性不足时,爆轰波可能无法自持稳定传播。维持爆轰稳定传播的最小管径称为临界管径,该参数不仅表征可燃混合物的爆轰能力,更为爆轰推进系统设计提供基础数据[3-5]。
爆轰传播极限研究始于Zel'dovich等[6]理论,揭示了临界管径与混合物敏感度及反应区结构间的内在关联。Lee[4]进一步提出将临界管径dc作为评估混合物活性的实用指标,并发现其与爆轰胞格尺寸λ存在强相关性。Knystautas等[3]证实了经典经验准则dc/λ≈13的普适性,特别注意的是,该准则在具有胞格结构不规则、横波强度大的不稳定混合物中同样成立[7-8]。针对通过掺混惰性气体或氩气稀释形成的稳定爆轰体系,通过试验观测到的dc/λ比值显著增大,可达20~40甚至更高[5,9-10]。Abouseif[11]与Stewart[12]等研究表明:不稳定爆轰与稳定爆轰具有不同的失效机制:前者失效源于横波抑制或消失,而后者失效主要表现为激波阵面与反应区的解耦,这种解耦通常由过度的曲率引发。Eckett等[13]建立并完善了二维理论模型,揭示了曲率效应与几何散度是诱发耦合失效的关键诱因。Pintgen等[14]通过高速可视化试验捕捉到"爆炸气泡"的形成过程及其对局部再起爆的促进作用,为该理论提供了重要试验佐证。
尽管爆轰波传播临界行为研究已取得重要进展,但现有理论对微小扰动在失效与再起爆过程中的定量调控机制仍显不足,在真实工程场景中仍面临严峻挑战。例如:RDE燃烧室内的非均匀流场易诱发局部膨胀抑制现象,而PDE的瞬变边界条件则可能导致激波阵面曲率发生突变。在此类复杂工况下,现有模型的预测精度与适用性有待深入验证。鉴于此,笔者拟构建基于薄金属板扰动源与螺旋弹簧粗糙壁的组合式试验平台,在相同管径条件下,系统研究化学计量比乙炔-氧气混合气体在不同初始压力、管壁粗糙度以及氮气稀释/非稀释工况下的爆轰行为;结合高速纹影系统及管尾布置的光电探头,精确测定管道与爆炸罐内混合气体的实际传播速度,系统揭示微小扰动对常规爆轰与准爆轰失效-再起爆动态响应的影响特征,以期为爆轰推进系统过渡段设计提供高精度的理论支撑与设计准则。
1 爆轰试验平台设计
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试验装置如图1所示,内径D为76.2 mm的圆管与内径25.4 cm、深度37.5 cm的爆炸罐通过中部的法兰连接,爆炸罐两侧对称安装2块直径为26.4 cm的石英玻璃观察窗,可观察到整个爆炸罐内的爆轰起爆过程。爆炸罐内设置一长1 cm,宽0.5 cm,厚度0.2 cm的薄金属板作为扰动源,研究人为微小扰动对正常/准爆轰波衍射与起爆的影响,金属板的放置如图1b所示。金属板与管道出口之间用细金属杆连接,金属杆长度l分别为0.5D、1D、1.25D、1.5D,金属杆直径0.2 cm,其连接方式通过管道与爆炸罐之间的中部法兰实现,细金属杆一端固定于薄金属板的预留安装孔,另一端通过法兰端面预设的螺纹孔紧固,从而将薄金属板置于爆炸罐内。圆管前端设置的弹簧螺旋用于加速火焰形成稳态查普曼-朱格特(Chapman-Jouguet,CJ)爆轰波。需要特别说明是,圆管材质为透明塑料管,便于采用光电传感器记录爆轰波到达时间,管道末端安装有7和9 mm线径δ螺旋弹簧以形成准爆轰波,图1中n为光电测试仪器的数量,未标出前端螺旋结构,弹簧实物及相关参数见文献[7]。
在圆管左端通过高压电容火花放电点燃混合气体,点火能量约为100 mJ。管道后端等间距(10cm)布置一系列光电探头以记录爆轰波到达时间,通过相邻光电探头的间距以及波形间的时间差计算正常/准爆轰波传播速度。采用高速纹影系统观测爆轰波在爆炸罐内的衍射与再起爆过程。
选用化学计量比的乙炔-氧气混合气体(乙炔和氧气纯度均为99.99%)及其经氮气稀释(40%,分压比)后的气体,过去实验室内常用乙炔-空气混合气作为爆炸研究对象[15],可为后续研究提供理论依据。氮气稀释主要用于调节混合气爆轰敏感度,气体通过道尔顿分压法在预混罐中配制,静置24 h确保均匀性。通过改变初始压力(每次调整0.1 kPa)可进一步调控爆轰敏感度,为准确获得爆轰起爆的临界压力,每次试验重复9次。
2 爆轰失效-再起爆机制与临界判据
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2.1 乙炔-氧气混合气体爆轰失效-再起爆机制
1) 再起爆位置位于小扰动附近。通过试验揭示化学计量比乙炔-氧气混合气体(含氮气稀释/未稀释)在爆炸罐中不同初始压力下的衍射过程、爆轰失效行为及再起爆传播特性。由于不同工况下得到的结果接近,将所有工况下乙炔-氧气混合气体爆轰时3种模式(成功、失效、临界)的高速纹影图像和速度-压力关系图分别置于附录A和附录B。结果表明:当初始压力高于临界压力时,可成功起爆形成球爆轰波;当初始压力低于临界压力时,则会发生爆轰失效,波阵面无法维持自持传播。光滑管道、带 9mm线圈的管道在衍射过程中,正常爆轰与准爆轰的归一化速度随传播距离的变化关系如图2所示,弹簧约束下的粗糙壁结构显著改变爆轰传播状态,根据特征参数差异分为正常CJ爆轰与准爆轰波2类,二者传播速度呈现显著差异。
值得注意的是,罐上引入的薄金属板带来的扰动显著改变了爆轰传播特性与再起爆行为。高速摄影观测表明:所有再起爆点均集中分布于扰动源附近,其空间分布特征与续晗等[8]关于受限空间爆轰波演化的研究结论一致。不同初始压力及薄金属板尺寸下的爆轰波再起爆位置分布如图3所示,当初始压力达到或超过临界压力时,无论氮气稀释程度或薄金属板的尺寸如何变化,再起爆位置均集中分布于扰动源附近区域。在初始压力P0低于临界值时,即使引入人为扰动,解耦爆轰波仍无法实现再起爆;而当初始压力达到临界阈值后,爆轰波可在扰动区附近成功完成再起爆。揭示了小尺度障碍物引发的人为扰动能有效促进横波发展与起爆中心形成,从而验证了续晗等[8]提出的受限空间激波-反应区耦合机制。
2) 准爆轰起爆位置呈高度随机性。基于高速纹影系统获取的纹影图像,正常爆轰与准爆轰体系的再起爆位置呈现显著差异。由图3表明:准爆轰波在非受限空间中的再起爆位置,在“成功”与“临界”模式下均表现出强烈随机性。这种现象源于准爆轰波前缘的固有不稳定性,尽管人工引入的小尺度扰动会诱发局部传播扰动并轻微降低稳定性,但对比分析显示出小尺寸的扰动影响强度远弱于准爆轰波自身的不稳定特性。准爆轰波的自持不稳定性机制表现为横波、未燃气体云团与前导激波之间的复杂相互作用,这些要素共同主导了随机的再起爆过程。
2.2 爆轰起爆临界条件分析
一般而言,在粗糙管中,准爆轰的胞格尺寸通过直接测量得到。通过将临界管径dc与确定的胞格尺寸λ的比来量化分析爆轰起爆的关键标准。作为非理想爆轰波,准爆轰相较正常CJ爆轰具有更低传播速度及显著增强的不稳定特性。其内部强湍流与界面不稳定性相互作用强化了局部热点生成机制,从根本上区别于经典爆轰理论的起爆极限判据。基于临界判据体系[16],正常爆轰需满足${d}_{c}/\lambda \ge 13$,而准爆轰临界阈值降低至dc/λ≈8(文中${d}_{c}=D-2\delta )。$
文中引入开放空间人为扰动源,通过放大系统不稳定性显著改善爆轰再起爆特性。结果表明:扰动效应导致再起爆临界压力降低,具体表现为相同初始条件下dc/λ值的系统性降低(参见图5临界压力与dc/λ关联曲线)。在量化分析爆轰起爆极限时,通过爆轰数据库中相关爆轰胞格尺寸和临界管径数据,获得不同初始压力下化学计量氢氧混合物相关性。未稀释条件下的爆轰胞格尺寸量化表征采用如下经验公式[16]:
$ \lambda=28.7 \cdot\left(P_{\mathrm{c}}\right)^{-1.26}$
式中Pc为临界压力,kPa。
在体积分数为40%氮气稀释条件下,针对化学计量比的乙炔-氧气混合气体,在76.2 mm直径圆管中进行试验。通过改变管壁粗糙度和初始压力,测量爆轰胞格尺寸数据,并将不同条件下的胞格尺寸与临界压力的关系绘制如图4所示。根据以上正常/准爆轰条件下爆轰胞格尺寸与临界管径关系,参考式(1)和图4,统计得出不同初始压力条件下的dc/λ值(图5),各试验条件下的临界压力与dc/λ值见表1。结果表明:正常爆轰起爆时对应的临界管径值符合13倍的胞格尺寸标准[3],而准爆轰起爆时的临界管径符合8倍胞格尺寸标准[16]。
3 结论
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1) 引入小尺度扰动后,体系仍存在3类传播模态。当初始压力低于临界值时,解耦爆轰波在扰动作用下仍无法再起爆;高于临界值时,平面爆轰波在所有重复试验中均能成功演化为球形爆轰波;而在临界压力条件下,爆轰波可能重新再起爆或在整个罐体范围内保持解耦。
2) 微小扰动可显著降低非受限空间正常爆轰/准爆轰成功起爆的临界压力阈值,其引入的不稳定性对爆轰再起爆具有促进作用。但氮气稀释会导致临界压力显著上升,二者呈竞争关系。
3) 准爆轰本征不稳定性效应显著强于小扰动引入的不稳定性:正常爆轰再起爆点始终出现在障碍物附近;而准爆轰的再起爆位置则呈现随机分布特征,这与横波-未燃气体云团的耦合机制直接相关。
4) 明确2类爆轰再起爆临界判据——正常爆轰成功再起爆的临界判据为${d}_{c}/\lambda \ge 13$,而准爆轰成功再起爆的临界阈值降至dc/λ≈8,这为爆轰设备尺寸设计提供定量标准:旋转爆轰发动机可通过调整内壁粗糙度在小尺寸下实现准爆轰稳定传播。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金资助(12302443)
  • 广东省自然科学基金资助(2023A1515012080)
  • 湖北省揭榜制项目(2022BEC024)
  • 湖北省创新群体项目(2023AFA013)
文献
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2026年第36卷第5期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0923
  • 接收时间：2025-12-22
  • 首发时间：2026-06-29
  • 出版时间：2026-05-28
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  • 收稿日期：2025-12-22
  • 修回日期：2026-03-20
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(12302443)
广东省自然科学基金资助(2023A1515012080)
湖北省揭榜制项目(2022BEC024)
湖北省创新群体项目(2023AFA013)
作者信息
    1 武汉理工大学 安全科学与应急管理学院, 湖北 武汉 430070
    2 武汉理工大学燃料电池湖北省重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430070
    3 国网山东省电力公司 电力科学研究院, 山东 济南 250003

通讯作者:

** 李国春(1993—),男,山东济南人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事爆炸火焰传播动力学与灾害防治等方向的研究。E-mail: 。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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