Article(id=1278415624275727266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1277328335906669390, articleNumber=1003-3033(2026)05-0174-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1203, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1766160000000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-20, revisedDate=1772294400000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782727636640, onlineDateStr=2026-06-29, pubDate=1779897600000, pubDateStr=2026-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782727636640, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782727636640, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782727636640, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277328335906669390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2026', volume='36', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='318', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779897600000', pubDateStr='2026-05-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782468406892, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782867658151, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1279002917143286724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1277328335906669390, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1279002917143286725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1277328335906669390, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=174, endPage=181, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1278415625483686819, articleId=1278415624275727266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Analysis of explosion resistance of composite floating roofs under implosion loads, columnId=1277328337617941059, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety Technology and Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to elucidate the combustion and explosion of volatile gas leaks caused by degradation of the floating roof seal performance and its destructive mechanism on composite floating roofs, a multiphase coupled model of liquid storage-composite floating roof incorporating the cell structure of the honeycomb core layer was established. Multiphase coupling analysis of the tank's combustible gas, composite floating roof, and stored liquid was employed in this study to compare damage patterns in the roof panel and honeycomb core under implosion loads. A methodical inquiry was initiated to explore the impact of panel layering angles, honeycomb geometric parameters (including wall thickness, height, and edge length), and cellular element configurations (i.e., regular hexagons, circular, close-packed, and sparingly packed cells) on the blast resilience performance of floating roofs. The results indicate that, in circumstances where liquid levels are at a low ebb, the upper panel is primarily subject to matrix tensile damage (6.82% area fraction), accompanied by 0.16% fibre compression and matrix compression damage. The optimal panel lay-up angle [45°/90°/45°/90°] has been demonstrated to reduce matrix tensile damage to 5.03% area fraction, thus yielding the optimum level of explosion resistance. Hexagonal honeycomb cores have been shown to demonstrate superior blast resistance in comparison to circular cores, while densely packed circular honeycomb exhibits greater load-bearing capacity than sparsely packed configurations. Increasing the thickness and height of honeycomb cells, or reducing cell edge length, has been demonstrated to enhance the floating roof's capacity for blast resistance.

, authors=Ye Lu, Yuqi Ding**, Zhijian Wang, Qilin Lyu, Zhichao Li, Bingyang Cao, authorsList=Ye Lu, Yuqi Ding, Zhijian Wang, Qilin Lyu, Zhichao Li, Bingyang Cao, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuqi Ding, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1278415631880000438, articleId=1278415624275727266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=内爆载荷下复合材料浮盘抗爆性能分析, columnId=1277328337940902469, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全技术与工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为揭示浮盘密封性能退化引发的挥发气体泄漏燃爆及其对复合材料浮盘的破坏机制,构建考虑蜂窝芯层胞元结构的储液-复合材料浮盘多相耦合模型。通过罐内可燃气体-复合材料浮盘-储液的多相耦合分析,对比内爆载荷下浮盘面板及蜂窝芯层的不同损伤形式,并系统探究面板铺层角度、蜂窝几何参数(壁厚、高度、边长)及胞元构型(正六边形、圆形密排/疏排)对浮盘抗爆性能的影响。结果表明:在低液位工况下,浮盘以上面板以基体拉伸损伤为主(面积占比6.82%),伴生0.16%的纤维压缩和基体压缩损伤;最优面板铺层角度为[45°/90°/45°/90°],基体拉伸损伤面积占比降至5.03%,浮盘抗爆性能最好;正六边形蜂窝芯层抗爆性能优于圆形,密排圆形蜂窝承载能力强于疏排;增大蜂窝壁厚或高度、减小边长均可增强浮盘抗爆性能。

, authors=芦烨, 丁宇奇**, 王智坚, 吕奇霖, 李智超, 曹兵阳, authorsList=芦烨, 丁宇奇, 王智坚, 吕奇霖, 李智超, 曹兵阳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=丁宇奇, authorNote=

芦 烨 (1985—),女,黑龙江哈尔滨人,博士,讲师,主要从事油气储运装备安全评价及优化设计等方面的研究。E-mail:

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** 丁宇奇(1982—),男,黑龙江肇东人,博士,教授,主要从事油气储运装备安全评价和优化设计方面的研究。E-mail:
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芦 烨 (1985—),女,黑龙江哈尔滨人,博士,讲师,主要从事油气储运装备安全评价及优化设计等方面的研究。E-mail:

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China Safety Science Journal, 2017, 27(5): 64-69., articleTitle=Numerical simulation of steel floating-roof storage tank destruction under blast impact, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1278415650200719389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=GB 50341—2003立式圆筒形钢制焊接油罐设计规范, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB 50341—2003立式圆筒形钢制焊接油罐设计规范[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1278415650276216862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=GB 50341-2003 Code for design of vertical cylindrical welded steel oil tanks, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB 50341-2003 Code for design of vertical cylindrical welded steel oil tanks[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1278415646014804992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, awardId=2024M760850, language=CN, fundingSource=中国博士后科学基金资助(2024M760850), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1278415632567866295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1278415632580449208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, companyId=1278415632567866295, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing Heilongjiang 163318, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1278415632597226425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, companyId=1278415632567866295, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=东北石油大学 机械科学与工程学院, 黑龙江 大庆 163318)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1278415640268608482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=FRP composite floating roof structure, figureFileSmall=cCHfKfc+SHODgw3zVt6Z3Q==, figureFileBig=tbWaAcHgmpi7MSLYB2SdMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415640516072419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=CN, label=图1, caption=FRP复合材料浮盘结构, figureFileSmall=cCHfKfc+SHODgw3zVt6Z3Q==, figureFileBig=tbWaAcHgmpi7MSLYB2SdMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415640713204708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Damage to floating roof under explosive loading, figureFileSmall=b4LWW9yYhY2Y0lXSqoeiuQ==, figureFileBig=PD6QpHRM/ohW/qq4fc3ebQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415641002611685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=CN, label=图2, caption=爆炸载荷下浮盘损伤

注:σxx为纤维主方向应力,MPa;εxx为纤维主方向应变,%;σyy为垂直纤维主方向应力,MPa;εyy为纤维主方向应变,%。

, figureFileSmall=b4LWW9yYhY2Y0lXSqoeiuQ==, figureFileBig=PD6QpHRM/ohW/qq4fc3ebQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415641078109158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Distribution of deflection at the midpoint of the rear panel of specimen R1 under different TNT equivalent explosive loads, figureFileSmall=wZCN7VKz9Wo2m9AreqwN3Q==, figureFileBig=Ovpd8llDNpJ9HTck9M7nFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415641149412327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=CN, label=图3, caption=试件R1在不同TNT当量爆炸载荷下的后面板中点挠度分布, figureFileSmall=wZCN7VKz9Wo2m9AreqwN3Q==, figureFileBig=Ovpd8llDNpJ9HTck9M7nFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415641438819304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Finite element model for floating roof implosion, figureFileSmall=2KFDqegKvmI7rpVzhunS/w==, figureFileBig=qJB2cua4hdJtNxU+1IQ1cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415641820500969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=CN, label=图4, caption=浮盘内爆有限元模型, figureFileSmall=2KFDqegKvmI7rpVzhunS/w==, figureFileBig=qJB2cua4hdJtNxU+1IQ1cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415641891804138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Damage distribution for floating roof panel structures with different configurations, figureFileSmall=rWaS2noi6OE0WdacBXncMw==, figureFileBig=8RMH0EGbURO36+Yot79ivw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415641979884523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=CN, label=图5, caption=浮盘面板结构不同损伤分布, figureFileSmall=rWaS2noi6OE0WdacBXncMw==, figureFileBig=8RMH0EGbURO36+Yot79ivw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415642252514284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Damage distribution for different floating roof panel structures, figureFileSmall=GFXN9DE6JDbXAQDwnEug9g==, figureFileBig=FkZ5pw0Z1Jo/iRCfMl8mSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415642323817453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=CN, label=图6, caption=浮盘面板结构不同形式损伤分布, figureFileSmall=GFXN9DE6JDbXAQDwnEug9g==, figureFileBig=FkZ5pw0Z1Jo/iRCfMl8mSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415642395120622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Total deformation and equivalent stress for floating roof partial model, figureFileSmall=RUjATsA97mQbk5A2oD5/rA==, figureFileBig=uXMvQu4RjtNsE7DWBWZ2Ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415642625807343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=CN, label=图7, caption=浮盘局部模型的总变形及等效应力, figureFileSmall=RUjATsA97mQbk5A2oD5/rA==, figureFileBig=uXMvQu4RjtNsE7DWBWZ2Ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415642692916208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Distribution of tensile damage of matrix layers in each floating roof panel layer, figureFileSmall=q5LzHBcxbAuH4/EPhR0XnQ==, figureFileBig=IZI/mNUsFQe40anfCCRhJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415642764219377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=CN, label=图8, caption=浮盘面板每层铺层基体拉伸损伤分布, figureFileSmall=q5LzHBcxbAuH4/EPhR0XnQ==, figureFileBig=IZI/mNUsFQe40anfCCRhJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1278415643045237746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of deflection at the centre of rear panel for specimens with different TNT equivalents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TNT当
量/g
试件 后板中点挠度/mm 相对误
差/%
蜂窝夹芯板 等效模型
20 R1 7.50 7.87 4.93
R4 12.50 12.60 0.80
30 R1 11.50 11.60 0.88
R2 12.00 12.30 2.50
R3 15.00 15.90 6.00
40 R1 16.00 16.10 0.63
), ArticleFig(id=1278415644685210611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同TNT当量不同试件后面板中点处挠度对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TNT当
量/g
试件 后板中点挠度/mm 相对误
差/%
蜂窝夹芯板 等效模型
20 R1 7.50 7.87 4.93
R4 12.50 12.60 0.80
30 R1 11.50 11.60 0.88
R2 12.00 12.30 2.50
R3 15.00 15.90 6.00
40 R1 16.00 16.10 0.63
), ArticleFig(id=1278415644802651124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Damage distribution for different floating roof panel structures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤形式 浮盘上面板损伤 浮盘下面板损伤
半径/m 角度/(°) 面积/m2 占比/% 半径/m 角度/(°) 面积/m2 占比/%
纤维拉伸
纤维压缩 18.7~18.8 41~48 0.44 0.16
基体拉伸 0~5.2 30~60 18.93 6.82 0~4.3 36~52 7.62 2.75
基体压缩 18.7~18.8 41~48 0.44 0.16
), ArticleFig(id=1278415644915897333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

浮盘面板结构不同形式损伤分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤形式 浮盘上面板损伤 浮盘下面板损伤
半径/m 角度/(°) 面积/m2 占比/% 半径/m 角度/(°) 面积/m2 占比/%
纤维拉伸
纤维压缩 18.7~18.8 41~48 0.44 0.16
基体拉伸 0~5.2 30~60 18.93 6.82 0~4.3 36~52 7.62 2.75
基体压缩 18.7~18.8 41~48 0.44 0.16
), ArticleFig(id=1278415644999783414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of deformation and equivalent stress data for partial and full floating roof models

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浮盘
结构
评价指标 整体
模型
局部
模型
相对变
化率/%
上面板 高度变形峰值/mm -49.3 -46.5 -5.7
等效应力峰值/MPa 143 134 -6.3
蜂窝
芯层
高度变形峰值/mm -49.3 -46.5 -5.7
等效应力峰值/MPa 3 24 700
下面板 高度变形峰值/mm -49.2 -46.4 -5.6
等效应力峰值/MPa 126 116 -7.9
), ArticleFig(id=1278415645138195447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

浮盘局部模型与整体模型数据对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浮盘
结构
评价指标 整体
模型
局部
模型
相对变
化率/%
上面板 高度变形峰值/mm -49.3 -46.5 -5.7
等效应力峰值/MPa 143 134 -6.3
蜂窝
芯层
高度变形峰值/mm -49.3 -46.5 -5.7
等效应力峰值/MPa 3 24 700
下面板 高度变形峰值/mm -49.2 -46.4 -5.6
等效应力峰值/MPa 126 116 -7.9
), ArticleFig(id=1278415645213692920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Data for tensile damage of matrix layers in each floating roof panel layer

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
面板铺层 面板结构损伤
上面板 下面板
面积/m2 占比/% 面积/m2 占比/%
第1层铺层 0.250 100 0.250 100
第2层铺层 0.245 98 0.218 87
第3层铺层 0.245 98 0.218 87
第4层铺层 0.250 100 0.250 100
), ArticleFig(id=1278415645280801785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

浮盘面板每层铺层基体拉伸损伤数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
面板铺层 面板结构损伤
上面板 下面板
面积/m2 占比/% 面积/m2 占比/%
第1层铺层 0.250 100 0.250 100
第2层铺层 0.245 98 0.218 87
第3层铺层 0.245 98 0.218 87
第4层铺层 0.250 100 0.250 100
), ArticleFig(id=1278415645356299258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Distribution of tensile damage in panel substrates at different panel layup angles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
面板铺设
角度/(°)
损伤半
径/m
损伤角
度/(°)
损伤面
积/m2
损伤占
比/%
[45/-45/45/-45] 0~5.2 30~60 18.93 6.82
[45/90/45/90] 2.3~5.2 35~90 13.96 5.03
[45/0/45/0] 0~4.7 0~40;
70~90
26.79 9.65
[-45/90/-45/90] 0~2.3 0~30;
50~70
15.30 5.51
[0/90/0/90] 0~5.2 0~25;
70~90
18.40 6.63
), ArticleFig(id=1278415645419213819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同面板铺层角度上面板基体拉伸损伤分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
面板铺设
角度/(°)
损伤半
径/m
损伤角
度/(°)
损伤面
积/m2
损伤占
比/%
[45/-45/45/-45] 0~5.2 30~60 18.93 6.82
[45/90/45/90] 2.3~5.2 35~90 13.96 5.03
[45/0/45/0] 0~4.7 0~40;
70~90
26.79 9.65
[-45/90/-45/90] 0~2.3 0~30;
50~70
15.30 5.51
[0/90/0/90] 0~5.2 0~25;
70~90
18.40 6.63
), ArticleFig(id=1278415645561820156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Tensile damage distribution in top panel matrix composed of different cellular elements

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤结果 正六边形
蜂窝芯层
密排圆形
蜂窝芯层
疏排圆形
蜂窝芯层
半径/m 0~5.2 0~5.7 0~6.3
角度/(°) 30~60 14~74 17~77
面积/m2 18.93 22.40 23.48
占比/% 6.82 8.07 8.46
), ArticleFig(id=1278415645654094845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同蜂窝胞元构成上面板基体拉伸损伤分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤结果 正六边形
蜂窝芯层
密排圆形
蜂窝芯层
疏排圆形
蜂窝芯层
半径/m 0~5.2 0~5.7 0~6.3
角度/(°) 30~60 14~74 17~77
面积/m2 18.93 22.40 23.48
占比/% 6.82 8.07 8.46
), ArticleFig(id=1278415645733786622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Data of tensile damage distribution on panel matrix across different honeycomb structure parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤结果 不同蜂窝高度/mm 不同蜂窝壁厚/mm 不同蜂窝边长/mm
100 110 120 0.3 0.5 0.7 4 6 8
半径/m 0~5.2 0~4.7 0~4.4 0~5.2 0~5.0 0~4.7 0~5.2 0~5.5 0~5.7
角度/(°) 30~60 32~57 34~55 30~60 37~55 37~52 30~60 22~62 20~68
面积/m2 18.93 16.57 14.43 18.93 16.63 15.55 18.93 22.04 24.76
占比/% 6.82 5.97 5.20 6.82 5.99 5.60 6.82 7.94 8.92
), ArticleFig(id=1278415645821867007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415624275727266, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同蜂窝结构参数上面板基体拉伸损伤分布数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤结果 不同蜂窝高度/mm 不同蜂窝壁厚/mm 不同蜂窝边长/mm
100 110 120 0.3 0.5 0.7 4 6 8
半径/m 0~5.2 0~4.7 0~4.4 0~5.2 0~5.0 0~4.7 0~5.2 0~5.5 0~5.7
角度/(°) 30~60 32~57 34~55 30~60 37~55 37~52 30~60 22~62 20~68
面积/m2 18.93 16.57 14.43 18.93 16.63 15.55 18.93 22.04 24.76
占比/% 6.82 5.97 5.20 6.82 5.99 5.60 6.82 7.94 8.92
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内爆载荷下复合材料浮盘抗爆性能分析
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芦烨 , 丁宇奇 ** , 王智坚 , 吕奇霖 , 李智超 , 曹兵阳
中国安全科学学报 | 安全技术与工程 2026,36(5): 174-181
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中国安全科学学报 |安全技术与工程 2026 , 36 (5) : 174 -181
内爆载荷下复合材料浮盘抗爆性能分析
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芦烨 , 丁宇奇** , 王智坚, 吕奇霖, 李智超, 曹兵阳
作者信息
  • 东北石油大学 机械科学与工程学院, 黑龙江 大庆 163318
通讯作者:
** 丁宇奇(1982—),男,黑龙江肇东人,博士,教授,主要从事油气储运装备安全评价和优化设计方面的研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

芦 烨 (1985—),女,黑龙江哈尔滨人,博士,讲师,主要从事油气储运装备安全评价及优化设计等方面的研究。E-mail:

Analysis of explosion resistance of composite floating roofs under implosion loads
Ye Lu , Yuqi Ding** , Zhijian Wang, Qilin Lyu, Zhichao Li, Bingyang Cao
Affiliations
  • College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing Heilongjiang 163318, China
出版时间: 2026-05-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1203
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为揭示浮盘密封性能退化引发的挥发气体泄漏燃爆及其对复合材料浮盘的破坏机制,构建考虑蜂窝芯层胞元结构的储液-复合材料浮盘多相耦合模型。通过罐内可燃气体-复合材料浮盘-储液的多相耦合分析,对比内爆载荷下浮盘面板及蜂窝芯层的不同损伤形式,并系统探究面板铺层角度、蜂窝几何参数(壁厚、高度、边长)及胞元构型(正六边形、圆形密排/疏排)对浮盘抗爆性能的影响。结果表明:在低液位工况下,浮盘以上面板以基体拉伸损伤为主(面积占比6.82%),伴生0.16%的纤维压缩和基体压缩损伤;最优面板铺层角度为[45°/90°/45°/90°],基体拉伸损伤面积占比降至5.03%,浮盘抗爆性能最好;正六边形蜂窝芯层抗爆性能优于圆形,密排圆形蜂窝承载能力强于疏排;增大蜂窝壁厚或高度、减小边长均可增强浮盘抗爆性能。

内爆载荷  /  复合材料浮盘  /  抗爆性能  /  基体拉伸  /  蜂窝芯层

In order to elucidate the combustion and explosion of volatile gas leaks caused by degradation of the floating roof seal performance and its destructive mechanism on composite floating roofs, a multiphase coupled model of liquid storage-composite floating roof incorporating the cell structure of the honeycomb core layer was established. Multiphase coupling analysis of the tank's combustible gas, composite floating roof, and stored liquid was employed in this study to compare damage patterns in the roof panel and honeycomb core under implosion loads. A methodical inquiry was initiated to explore the impact of panel layering angles, honeycomb geometric parameters (including wall thickness, height, and edge length), and cellular element configurations (i.e., regular hexagons, circular, close-packed, and sparingly packed cells) on the blast resilience performance of floating roofs. The results indicate that, in circumstances where liquid levels are at a low ebb, the upper panel is primarily subject to matrix tensile damage (6.82% area fraction), accompanied by 0.16% fibre compression and matrix compression damage. The optimal panel lay-up angle [45°/90°/45°/90°] has been demonstrated to reduce matrix tensile damage to 5.03% area fraction, thus yielding the optimum level of explosion resistance. Hexagonal honeycomb cores have been shown to demonstrate superior blast resistance in comparison to circular cores, while densely packed circular honeycomb exhibits greater load-bearing capacity than sparsely packed configurations. Increasing the thickness and height of honeycomb cells, or reducing cell edge length, has been demonstrated to enhance the floating roof's capacity for blast resistance.

implosion load  /  composite floating roof  /  explosion resistance  /  matrix tensile  /  honeycomb core layer
芦烨, 丁宇奇, 王智坚, 吕奇霖, 李智超, 曹兵阳. 内爆载荷下复合材料浮盘抗爆性能分析. 中国安全科学学报, 2026 , 36 (5) : 174 -181 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1203
Ye Lu, Yuqi Ding, Zhijian Wang, Qilin Lyu, Zhichao Li, Bingyang Cao. Analysis of explosion resistance of composite floating roofs under implosion loads[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026 , 36 (5) : 174 -181 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1203
玻璃钢(Fiber Reinforced Plastics,FRP)复合材料浮盘作为内浮顶储罐的关键非金属构件,具有强度高、耐腐蚀等特点,整体采用拼接式全接液设计方式,极大地降低了气体泄漏的可能[1]。然而,其金属弹性密封装置在长期服役过程中的老化腐蚀可能导致气体泄漏,遇点火源极易发生罐内气体爆炸并对复合材料浮盘造成损伤破坏[2]。因此,开展内爆载荷下FRP复合材料浮盘抗爆性能研究,对保障其安全运行具有重要意义。
浮盘面板与夹芯层的力学特性共同决定了其整体强度及在外爆载荷下的抗失效能力。佘聪[3]、Chang Fukuo[4]等通过试验、数值模拟与理论分析,建立了考虑纤维与基体相互作用的多轴应力面板失效判据,可表征不同失效形式。Seifoori[5]、Kathavate[6]等采用内聚力单元模型模拟复合材料层合板弯曲行为,揭示了层内损伤与层间分层的相互作用机制,实现了损伤模式和位置的准确预测。步鹏飞[7]、甄永乾[8]等提出了任意铺层角度层合板的面内等效刚度计算方法,分析了层合板的刚度变化。然而,仅基于面板结构强度评估浮盘强度存在显著偏差,须考虑蜂窝芯层的协同作用。袁必和[9]、Fleck[10]等将空中爆炸载荷下复合材料板动力响应划分为3个阶段,并拓展至夹芯结构抗爆分析。龚险峰[11]、陈学研[12]等将面板结构视作各向同性的弹塑性模型,蜂窝芯层采用等效模型,分析了不同运行状态下浮盘结构性能,并基于面响应法优化了浮顶结构参数。但仅依赖面板与夹芯结构强度判定浮盘抗爆能力仍存在局限性,需深入探究复合材料板结构在爆炸冲击载荷下特有的动力响应规律与损伤破坏机制。李勇[13]、陈哲伦[14]等研究了空中爆炸载荷下复合材料面板动力响应,阐明了芯层材料及填充方式对耦合面压力、面板变形及能量吸收特性的影响。
综上,现有研究尚未考虑实际工程约束对复合材料层合板及夹芯受力状态的影响,缺乏气-液-固多相耦合条件下瞬态爆炸载荷的浮盘-蜂窝胞元结构动力响应分析。鉴于此,笔者拟建立复合材料浮盘整体和局部蜂窝夹芯结构模型,提高外载荷下多尺度计算精度,准确刻画内爆条件下蜂窝芯层应力状态及面板铺层损伤演化,并系统探究面板和蜂窝芯层结构参数对浮盘抗爆性能的影响机制,为复合材料浮盘的安全设计提供理论支撑。
FRP复合材料浮盘采用三明治蜂窝夹芯结构,由上下面板和蜂窝芯层组成(图1a)。上下面板为层合板结构,由4层±45°交叉铺设的玻璃纤维单层板构成,总厚度为hm,以提高浮盘强度;蜂窝芯层由正六边形蜂窝胞元周期性排列而成(图1b图1c),其几何参数包括蜂窝边长l、蜂窝壁厚t及蜂窝高度hf,以提高浮盘的抗弯刚度。
内爆载荷下浮盘动力响应可划分为3个阶段:面板变形、蜂窝芯层压缩和整体变形。当面板各方向应力满足损伤条件时,将出现纤维断裂损伤或基体断裂损伤[8],如图2所示。
复合材料面板单层板厚度较薄,符合薄板理论假设,故厚度方向(方向Z)应变εzz与应力σzz均为0。因此,内爆载荷作用下单层板的力学行为可简化为X-Y面内σxx方向上的拉伸或σyy方向压缩的平面应力问题。鉴于FRP单层板中纤维强度显著高于基体强度,损伤萌生时面内剪切应力趋近纤维主方向应力,单层板呈现非线性行为,须将剪切应力和剪切应变考虑在内。
复合材料浮盘损伤主要为面板结构在内爆载荷下性能退化直至完全失效的过程。基于单层板多向应力和相应强度参数,并考虑玻璃纤维与基体间相互作用,将面板失效形式分为纤维与基体的拉伸损伤和压缩损伤2类。通过定义不同损伤形式的损伤因子e,建立复合材料浮盘损伤判据如下:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{纤}\mathrm{维}\mathrm{拉}\mathrm{伸}\mathrm{损}\mathrm{伤}\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{x}\mathrm{x}}0\right):{{e}^{2}}_{\mathrm{f}}={\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{\mathrm{x}\mathrm{x}}}{{X}_{\mathrm{t}}}\right)}^{2}+\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{\mathrm{x}\mathrm{y}}}{{S}_{\mathrm{c}}}\right)-1\left\{\begin{array}{l}{{e}^{2}}_{\mathrm{f}}=1\mathrm{失}\mathrm{效}\\ {{e}^{2}}_{\mathrm{f}}\ne 1\mathrm{弹}\mathrm{性}\end{array}\right.\\ \mathrm{纤}\mathrm{维}\mathrm{压}\mathrm{缩}\mathrm{损}\mathrm{伤}\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{x}\mathrm{x}}0\right):{{e}^{2}}_{\mathrm{c}}={\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{\mathrm{x}\mathrm{x}}}{{X}_{\mathrm{c}}}\right)}^{2}-1\left\{\begin{array}{l}{{e}^{2}}_{\mathrm{c}}=1\mathrm{失}\mathrm{效}\\ {{e}^{2}}_{\mathrm{c}}\ne 1\mathrm{弹}\mathrm{性}\end{array}\right.\\ \mathrm{基}\mathrm{体}\mathrm{拉}\mathrm{伸}\mathrm{损}\mathrm{伤}\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{y}}0\right):{{e}^{2}}_{\mathrm{m}}={\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{\mathrm{x}\mathrm{x}}}{{Y}_{\mathrm{t}}}\right)}^{2}+\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{\mathrm{x}\mathrm{y}}}{{S}_{\mathrm{c}}}\right)-1\left\{\begin{array}{l}{{e}^{2}}_{\mathrm{m}}=1\mathrm{失}\mathrm{效}\\ {{e}^{2}}_{\mathrm{m}}\ne 1\mathrm{弹}\mathrm{性}\end{array}\right.\\ \mathrm{基}\mathrm{体}\mathrm{压}\mathrm{缩}\mathrm{损}\mathrm{伤}\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{y}}0\right):{{e}^{2}}_{\mathrm{d}}={\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{y}}}{2{S}_{\mathrm{c}}}\right)}^{2}+\left[{\left(\frac{{Y}_{\mathrm{c}}}{2{S}_{\mathrm{c}}}\right)}^{2}-1\right]\frac{{\sigma }_{\mathrm{y}\mathrm{y}}}{{Y}_{\mathrm{c}}}+\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{\mathrm{x}\mathrm{y}}}{{S}_{\mathrm{c}}}\right)-1\left\{\begin{array}{l}{{e}^{2}}_{\mathrm{d}}=1\mathrm{失}\mathrm{效}\\ {{e}^{2}}_{\mathrm{d}}\ne 1\mathrm{弹}\mathrm{性}\end{array}\right.\end{array}\right.$
式中:σxy为面内剪切应力,MPa;Xt为纤维主方向拉伸强度,MPa;Xc为纤维主方向压缩强度,MPa;Yt为垂直纤维主方向的拉伸强度,MPa;Yc为垂直纤维主方向的压缩强度,MPa;Sc为面内剪切强度,MPa。
考虑到蜂窝胞元尺寸与浮盘整体尺寸相差较大,直接建模将导致浮盘模型过于复杂;而面板作为主要承载结构又不可简化,因此,采用三明治蜂窝夹芯结构等效理论,仅将蜂窝芯层等效为正交各向异性的等厚均质实体模型[11]
为确保蜂窝芯层等效模型准确性,选取文献[15]中的蜂窝夹芯结构复合材料板在爆炸载荷下的变形数据开展对比分析。经计算,相同尺寸试件R1在不同三硝基甲苯(2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene,TNT)当量爆炸载荷下的后面板中点挠度分布和不同试件在不同TNT当量爆炸荷载下的后面板中点挠度对比如图3表1所示。由图3可知:等效模型与蜂窝夹芯板爆载模型[15]得出的蜂窝夹芯结构后面板中点挠度随时间变化趋势一致;由于等效过程中的相关假设对芯层刚度存在一定弱化,等效模型挠度计算结果略大于蜂窝夹芯板爆载模型,但相对误差控制在0.63%~6.00%以内(表1)。上述验证表明:三明治蜂窝等效模型能够描述蜂窝夹芯结构的动力响应。
以2×104 m3储罐复合材料浮盘为例,分析其内爆载荷下的动力响应。储罐罐体为Q235R钢制结构,直径38000 mm,总高23118 mm,壁厚为22~8 mm。浮盘面板采用玻璃纤维增强材料[15],厚度hm=3 mm,铺层角度为[45°/-45°/45°/-45°];聚丙烯蜂窝芯层高度hf=100 mm,壁厚t=0.3 mm,边长l=4 mm。
基于储罐和浮盘结构及流体性质,结构域(储罐、浮盘)使用拉格朗日网格,气体域(罐内外)及流体域采用欧拉网格。浮盘面板利用薄壳单元建模,并采用纤维增强损伤模型设置面板铺层结构,在局部材料坐标系下定义各向属性、铺层角度及损伤因子;蜂窝芯层基于三明治蜂窝等效理论,采用正交各向异性实体单元描述各个方向的性能,面板和芯层间通过断裂绑定接触定义界面脱粘。罐体以壳单元建模,采用Johnson-Cook强化模型描述储罐材料的塑性性能[16]。依据爆能等效原理,将浮盘上方可燃气体等效为距浮盘上方2 m处的球形爆炸源,气体爆炸传播过程采用理想气体状态方程描述。罐内爆炸载荷传递通过任意拉格朗日欧拉(Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method,ALE)多相流固耦合算法实现,涵盖可燃气体、浮盘、罐体及储液;浮盘密封材料与罐壁接触采用面面接触算法。最终建立的浮盘内爆有限元分析模型如图4所示。
以储罐内对二甲苯泄漏燃爆为例,基于罐内泄漏气体分布特点及25%可燃气体爆炸下限(Lower Explosive Limit,LEL)一级警戒阈值,选取浮盘低液位工况(2m)确定对二甲苯气体体积并开展爆炸载荷计算。该工况下储液缓冲效应最弱,为浮盘最危险状态。依据爆能等效原理,将浮盘上方可燃气体等效为位于浮盘上方2 m处的球形爆炸源[17]
基于式(1)内爆载荷下浮盘损伤计算结果,浮盘面板结构存在纤维压缩、基体拉伸和基体压缩 3种损伤形式。浮盘面板结构不同损伤分布云图如图5所示;不同损伤形式沿半径方向和圆周方向的分布曲线及分布如图6表2所示。
图6表2可知:浮盘面板结构的损伤以基体拉伸损伤为主,且由于浮盘中心及边缘处的爆炸载荷较大,上面板基体拉伸损伤面积达18.93 m2,占比为6.82%;边缘板45°周向区域存在纤维压缩和基体拉伸损伤(面积均为0.44 m2,占比为0.16%)。相较之下,下面板因承载的爆炸压力较小,仅出现基体拉伸损伤,面积为7.62 m2
为进一步分析浮盘中心区域的结构响应和损伤破坏情况,选取中心边长500 mm的正方形区域建立浮盘蜂窝夹芯结构局部模型(图4),并考虑蜂窝胞元结构的影响。局部模型中,面板和蜂窝胞元均采用壳单元建立;面板通过铺层定义实现各向异性特性;蜂窝胞元采用理想弹塑性模型,以单元厚度表征蜂窝壁厚;胞元间采用共节点实现载荷传递。面板与蜂窝胞元节点并非一一对应,在接触位置设置断裂绑定接触以实现胶合和界面脱粘状态。为保证结果准确性,浮盘局部模型内侧的X-ZY-Z平面为对称约束边界条件;上面板所受爆炸冲击载荷及外侧边界条件,分别由2.2节提取的浮盘整体模型与局部模型对应位置压力P(t)和位移D(t)曲线施加。
1) 浮盘局部模型的结构响应分析。通过计算内爆载荷下局部模型动力响应,提取局部模型的总变形和等效应力,如图7所示,局部模型与整体模型在相同位置的变形及等效应力对比数据见表3
图7表3可知:浮盘局部模型变形呈散射状分布,中心位置变形最大为46.5 mm,较整体模型降低5.7%;蜂窝芯层沿高度方向压缩,胞元出现扭曲变形。局部模型等效应力主要分布在面板结构,最大等效应力134 MPa(较整体模型降低6.3%),而蜂窝芯层等效应力分布在面板临近区域,最大等效应力24 MPa(较整体模型增大7倍)。上述结果表明:局部模型可更好地刻画蜂窝结构的等效应力,而整体模型仅能描述整个芯层平均等效应力。
2) 浮盘局部模型的破坏分析。基于2.2节中浮盘整体模型的损伤形式,浮盘以面板基体拉伸损伤为主,提取局部模型面板结构各铺层的基体拉伸损伤如图8所示,损伤数据见表4。由图8表4可知:由于第1、4铺层受爆炸冲击波与弯曲载荷耦合作用,完全损伤;第2、3铺层(中间层)损伤占比分别为98%和87%,呈现部分损伤状态。该差异源于局部模型面板与蜂窝胞元在接触位置的胶合状态, 导致蜂窝芯层整体刚度较整体模型弱化,与1.2节中对比结果一致。
选取面板铺层角度、蜂窝胞元构成及蜂窝胞元结构等参数,探究不同影响因素下浮盘的抗爆性能。
标准铺层角度通常取[-45°/0°/45°/90°],此外,参照文献[5]另选取4种铺层角度组合:[45°/90°/45°/90°];[45°/0°/45°/0°];[-45°/90°/-45°/90°];[0°/90°/0°/90°]。在相同初始爆炸载荷条件下,各铺层角度组合下浮盘面板基体拉伸损伤分布对比见表5
表5可知:不同面板铺层角度下,浮盘基体拉伸损伤始终分布在浮盘中心和边缘板位置,且并无明显变化;但损伤面积显著变化,占比介于5.03%~9.65%。这是由于铺层角度通过调控浮盘整体承载能力进而影响损伤程度。其中,[45°/0°/45°/0°]铺层损伤面积最大(26.79 m2,占比9.65%),抗爆性能最差;[45°/90°/45°/90°]铺层损伤面积最小(13.96 m2),较前者降低47.9%(12.83 m2),抗爆性能最好。
选取3种蜂窝结构:正六边形蜂窝、密排圆形蜂窝和疏排圆形蜂窝,研究芯层几何对浮盘抗爆性能的影响。计算结果表明:浮盘损伤均以基体拉伸损伤为主,不同蜂窝芯层浮盘的损伤分布见表6
表6可知:在面板铺层角度恒定的条件下,不同的蜂窝芯层对基体拉伸损伤分布范围(浮盘中心和边缘板45°周向区域)并无显著影响,仅改变损伤面积。其中,正六边形蜂窝芯层的损伤面积最小(18.93 m2,占比6.82%);疏排圆形蜂窝芯层的损伤面积最大(23.48 m2,占比8.46%)。该差异源于六边形蜂窝的承载能力优于圆形蜂窝,而密排圆形蜂窝因胞元密度高于疏排圆形蜂窝,承载能力更强。
参照文献[8-10]及《立式圆筒形钢制焊接油罐设计规范》[18](浮盘增重对吃水深度的影响),选取正六边形蜂窝的3项关键参数:芯层高度hf(100~120 mm)、壁厚t(0.3~0.7 mm)及边长l(4~8 mm),不同蜂窝结构参数下的浮盘损伤结果见表7
表7可知:不同的蜂窝高度、壁厚和边长对浮盘损伤分布无显著影响,仅损伤面积发生变化。具体而言:①不同芯层胞元高度。当蜂窝高度由100 mm增至120 mm,损伤面积由18.93 m2降至14.43 m2,降幅23.77%。蜂窝高度增加提升了浮盘整体抗弯性能。②不同壁厚。当蜂窝壁厚由0.3 mm增至0.7 mm,损伤面积由18.93 m2降至15.55 m2,降幅17.86%。壁厚增加提高了蜂窝芯层相对密度,增强了浮盘整体结构性能。③蜂窝边长。当蜂窝边长由4 mm增至8 mm,损伤面积由18.93 m2增至24.76 m2,增幅30.8%。蜂窝边长增大降低了相对密度,削弱了浮盘承载能力。综上,增大蜂窝高度和壁厚,或减小蜂窝边长均能提升浮盘抗爆性能。
1) 建立罐内可燃气体-罐体和复合材料浮盘-罐内储液的多相流固耦合模型,该模型能够揭示浮盘低液位(2m)、25%气体体积分数时的浮盘动力响应:浮盘损伤以上面板的基体拉伸损伤为主,集中于中心和边缘板位置;最大损伤面积18.93 m2,占比为6.82%。
2) 特定工况下,蜂窝胞元结构发生扭曲变形;等效应力集中分布在面板结构位置,最大等效应力为134 MPa,蜂窝芯层等效应力分布在上下两端,最大等效应力为24 MPa。损伤分析表明:局部模型面板结构仅呈现基体拉伸损伤,上下面板最小损伤占比分别为98%和87%。
3) 在不同面板铺层角度、蜂窝胞元结构及参数影响下,浮盘损伤均以基体拉伸损伤为主,日常应重点关注浮盘靠近罐壁边缘位置的维护。在工程应用中,面板铺层角度优先采用[45°/90°/45°/90°];蜂窝芯层宜采用正六边形胞元结构;在结构尺寸允许的情况下,适当增大正六边形蜂窝胞元的壁厚、高度或者减小蜂窝胞元边长,能有效提升浮盘整体抗爆性能。
  • 中国博士后科学基金资助(2024M760850)
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2026年第36卷第5期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1203
  • 接收时间:2025-12-20
  • 首发时间:2026-06-29
  • 出版时间:2026-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-20
  • 修回日期:2026-03-01
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中国博士后科学基金资助(2024M760850)
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    东北石油大学 机械科学与工程学院, 黑龙江 大庆 163318

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** 丁宇奇(1982—),男,黑龙江肇东人,博士,教授,主要从事油气储运装备安全评价和优化设计方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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