Article(id=1278415589454623583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1277328335906669390, articleNumber=1003-3033(2026)05-0150-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0355, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1763136000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-15, revisedDate=1772553600000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782727628339, onlineDateStr=2026-06-29, pubDate=1779897600000, pubDateStr=2026-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782727628339, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782727628339, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782727628339, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277328335906669390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2026', volume='36', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='318', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779897600000', pubDateStr='2026-05-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782468406892, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782867658151, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1279002917143286724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1277328335906669390, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1279002917143286725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1277328335906669390, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=150, endPage=158, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1278415591388197728, articleId=1278415589454623583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Numerical simulation and schlieren imaging validation of a swirling air curtain at an open-pit mine discharge port, columnId=1277328337617941059, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety Technology and Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issues of high water consumption and the limited dust suppression range of traditional spray-based dust control technologies, a 1∶1 geometric model of the discharge port in an open-pit mine was established using numerical simulation software. Based on the Realizable k-ε turbulence model, the velocity distribution of induced airflow at the discharge port was investigated. According to the flow field characteristics, a swirling air curtain dust control method was proposed. This method utilizes induced circulation to encapsulate dust particles and employs a dynamic pressure barrier to suppress their diffusion, thereby forming a closed airflow barrier that prevents dust escape. By combining numerical simulations with schlieren observations, the velocity distribution of the induced airflow was analyzed, and the integrity of the swirling air curtain under varying jet angles and airflow velocities was compared. The results indicate that the formation of the swirling air curtain is jointly governed by the jet angle and airflow velocity. As both parameters increase, the vortex core structure becomes more distinct, and the degree of flow field closure is significantly enhanced. When the jet angle ranges from 10° to 20° and the airflow velocity from 15 to 25 m/s, a stable closed reverse-pressure swirling forms at the discharge port, where induced entrainment and circulation effects are most pronounced. When the jet angle is 15° and the airflow velocity is 20 m/s, the negative pressure core remains most stable, and the swirling structure is most fully developed. In contrast, excessively large jet angles or overly high airflow velocities may lead to increased turbulent dissipation and vortex instability, resulting in the breakdown of the air curtain structure. Schlieren observation further confirm that the swirling structure is most complete under the condition of a 15° jet angle and 20 m/s airflow velocity, thereby verifying the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed swirling air curtain dust control method.

, authors=Jingxu Chen1, 2, 3, Yongkai Zhi2, 3, Jie Wang2, 3, Deji Jing4, Yanchao Guo1, 3, Yawen Liu5, authorsList=Jingxu Chen, Yongkai Zhi, Jie Wang, Deji Jing, Yanchao Guo, Yawen Liu, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1278415596178092917, articleId=1278415589454623583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=露天矿卸料口旋流风幕模拟及纹影成像验证, columnId=1277328337940902469, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全技术与工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对传统喷雾降尘技术耗水量大、抑尘范围有限等问题,利用数值仿真软件,按照1∶1比例建立露天矿卸料口几何模型;基于Realizable k-ε 湍流模型,开展卸料口落料口诱导气流风速分布研究,并根据流场特征提出一种旋流风幕控尘方法,通过诱导环流包裹粉尘、动压屏障阻隔扩散,形成闭合气流屏障阻隔粉尘逸散;采用数值模拟与纹影观测相结合的方法,分析卸料口诱导气流风速分布,对比不同角度和风速下的旋流风幕完整性。结果表明:旋流风幕形成由射流角度与风速协同主导;随射流角度与风速增加,风幕涡核结构逐渐清晰,流场闭合度显著增强;射流角度在10~20°、风速在15~25 m/s内时,可在卸料口形成稳定封闭的逆压旋流区,诱导卷吸与环流作用最为显著;当射流角度为15°、风速为20 m/s时,负压核心稳定,旋流成型最完整;角度过大或风速过高易引发湍流耗散与涡核紊乱,导致风幕结构破裂。经纹影观测系统对旋流流场验证,15°&20 m/s条件下旋流结构最为完整,验证了旋流控尘的可靠性和有效性。

, authors=陈景序1, 2, 3, 智栐凯2, 3, 王杰2, 3, 荆德吉4, 郭雁潮1, 3, 刘雅雯5, authorsList=陈景序, 智栐凯, 王杰, 荆德吉, 郭雁潮, 刘雅雯, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

陈景序 (1989—),男,辽宁鞍山人,博士,副教授,主要从事粉尘防治理论及技术等方面的研究。E-mail:

荆德吉 教授。

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陈景序 (1989—),男,辽宁鞍山人,博士,副教授,主要从事粉尘防治理论及技术等方面的研究。E-mail:

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language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Model setup

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参数名称 参数设定
出口压力/Pa 0
空气密度/(kg/m3) 1.205
连续相动力黏度/(Pa·s) 1.8·10-5
气体分子扩散系数/(m2/s) 2·10-5
温度/K 293.15
壁设置 无滑移
), ArticleFig(id=1278415610019296205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415589454623583, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

模型条件设定

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参数名称 参数设定
出口压力/Pa 0
空气密度/(kg/m3) 1.205
连续相动力黏度/(Pa·s) 1.8·10-5
气体分子扩散系数/(m2/s) 2·10-5
温度/K 293.15
壁设置 无滑移
), ArticleFig(id=1278415610946237391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415589454623583, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Simulation experiment design

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入口
角度/(°)
入口1
速度/(m/s)
入口2
速度/(m/s)
入口3
速度/(m/s)
10 15 20 25
15 15 20 25
20 15 20 25
25 15 20 25
30 15 20 25
35 15 20 25
), ArticleFig(id=1278415611692823505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415589454623583, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模拟试验数据设计

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入口
角度/(°)
入口1
速度/(m/s)
入口2
速度/(m/s)
入口3
速度/(m/s)
10 15 20 25
15 15 20 25
20 15 20 25
25 15 20 25
30 15 20 25
35 15 20 25
), ArticleFig(id=1278415613416682450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415589454623583, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Simulation conclusion of swirl air curtain integrity

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编号 条件 旋流风幕
完整度
编号 条件 旋流风幕
完整度
入口角度/(°) 入口速度/(m/s) 入口角度/(°) 入口速度/(m/s)
1 10 15 完整 10 25 15 不完整
2 10 20 较完整 11 25 20 不完整
3 10 25 完整 12 25 25 不完整
4 15 15 完整 13 30 15 一般完整
5 15 20 完整 14 30 20 一般完整
6 15 25 较完整 15 30 25 一般完整
7 20 15 完整 16 35 15 一般完整
8 20 20 完整 17 35 20 一般完整
9 20 25 完整 18 35 25 一般完整
), ArticleFig(id=1278415613815141331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415589454623583, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

旋流风幕完整度模拟结论

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编号 条件 旋流风幕
完整度
编号 条件 旋流风幕
完整度
入口角度/(°) 入口速度/(m/s) 入口角度/(°) 入口速度/(m/s)
1 10 15 完整 10 25 15 不完整
2 10 20 较完整 11 25 20 不完整
3 10 25 完整 12 25 25 不完整
4 15 15 完整 13 30 15 一般完整
5 15 20 完整 14 30 20 一般完整
6 15 25 较完整 15 30 25 一般完整
7 20 15 完整 16 35 15 一般完整
8 20 20 完整 17 35 20 一般完整
9 20 25 完整 18 35 25 一般完整
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露天矿卸料口旋流风幕模拟及纹影成像验证
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陈景序 1, 2, 3 , 智栐凯 2, 3 , 王杰 2, 3 , 荆德吉 4 , 郭雁潮 1, 3 , 刘雅雯 5
中国安全科学学报 | 安全技术与工程 2026,36(5): 150-158
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中国安全科学学报 |安全技术与工程 2026 , 36 (5) : 150 -158
露天矿卸料口旋流风幕模拟及纹影成像验证
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3 Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mining Engineering, Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1278415597331526539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1278415589454623583, authorId=1278415597180531590, language=CN, stringName=陈景序, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 内蒙古科技大学 安全与应急管理学院, 内蒙古 包头 014010
2 内蒙古科技大学 矿业与煤炭学院, 内蒙古 包头 014010
3 内蒙古自治区矿业工程重点实验室, 内蒙古 包头 014010, bio={"img":"doKn91DjOK++PJHgPWnXfA==","content":"

陈景序 (1989—),男,辽宁鞍山人,博士,副教授,主要从事粉尘防治理论及技术等方面的研究。E-mail:

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陈景序 (1989—),男,辽宁鞍山人,博士,副教授,主要从事粉尘防治理论及技术等方面的研究。E-mail:

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陈景序1, 2, 3 , 智栐凯2, 3, 王杰2, 3, 荆德吉4, 郭雁潮1, 3, 刘雅雯5
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古科技大学 安全与应急管理学院, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古科技大学 矿业与煤炭学院, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 3 内蒙古自治区矿业工程重点实验室, 内蒙古 包头 014010
  • 4 辽宁工程技术大学 安全科学与工程学院, 辽宁 阜新 123000
  • 5 中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院, 北京 100083
作者简介:

陈景序 (1989—),男,辽宁鞍山人,博士,副教授,主要从事粉尘防治理论及技术等方面的研究。E-mail:

荆德吉 教授。

Numerical simulation and schlieren imaging validation of a swirling air curtain at an open-pit mine discharge port
Jingxu Chen1, 2, 3 , Yongkai Zhi2, 3, Jie Wang2, 3, Deji Jing4, Yanchao Guo1, 3, Yawen Liu5
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010, China
  • 2 School of Mining and Coal, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010, China
  • 3 Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mining Engineering, Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010, China
  • 4 Safety Science and Engineering College, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin Liaoning 123000, China
  • 5 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2026-05-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0355
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针对传统喷雾降尘技术耗水量大、抑尘范围有限等问题,利用数值仿真软件,按照1∶1比例建立露天矿卸料口几何模型;基于Realizable k-ε 湍流模型,开展卸料口落料口诱导气流风速分布研究,并根据流场特征提出一种旋流风幕控尘方法,通过诱导环流包裹粉尘、动压屏障阻隔扩散,形成闭合气流屏障阻隔粉尘逸散;采用数值模拟与纹影观测相结合的方法,分析卸料口诱导气流风速分布,对比不同角度和风速下的旋流风幕完整性。结果表明:旋流风幕形成由射流角度与风速协同主导;随射流角度与风速增加,风幕涡核结构逐渐清晰,流场闭合度显著增强;射流角度在10~20°、风速在15~25 m/s内时,可在卸料口形成稳定封闭的逆压旋流区,诱导卷吸与环流作用最为显著;当射流角度为15°、风速为20 m/s时,负压核心稳定,旋流成型最完整;角度过大或风速过高易引发湍流耗散与涡核紊乱,导致风幕结构破裂。经纹影观测系统对旋流流场验证,15°&20 m/s条件下旋流结构最为完整,验证了旋流控尘的可靠性和有效性。

纹影成像  /  露天矿  /  卸料口  /  旋流风幕  /  射流角度  /  射流速度

To address the issues of high water consumption and the limited dust suppression range of traditional spray-based dust control technologies, a 1∶1 geometric model of the discharge port in an open-pit mine was established using numerical simulation software. Based on the Realizable k-ε turbulence model, the velocity distribution of induced airflow at the discharge port was investigated. According to the flow field characteristics, a swirling air curtain dust control method was proposed. This method utilizes induced circulation to encapsulate dust particles and employs a dynamic pressure barrier to suppress their diffusion, thereby forming a closed airflow barrier that prevents dust escape. By combining numerical simulations with schlieren observations, the velocity distribution of the induced airflow was analyzed, and the integrity of the swirling air curtain under varying jet angles and airflow velocities was compared. The results indicate that the formation of the swirling air curtain is jointly governed by the jet angle and airflow velocity. As both parameters increase, the vortex core structure becomes more distinct, and the degree of flow field closure is significantly enhanced. When the jet angle ranges from 10° to 20° and the airflow velocity from 15 to 25 m/s, a stable closed reverse-pressure swirling forms at the discharge port, where induced entrainment and circulation effects are most pronounced. When the jet angle is 15° and the airflow velocity is 20 m/s, the negative pressure core remains most stable, and the swirling structure is most fully developed. In contrast, excessively large jet angles or overly high airflow velocities may lead to increased turbulent dissipation and vortex instability, resulting in the breakdown of the air curtain structure. Schlieren observation further confirm that the swirling structure is most complete under the condition of a 15° jet angle and 20 m/s airflow velocity, thereby verifying the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed swirling air curtain dust control method.

schlieren imaging  /  open-pit mine  /  discharge port  /  countercurrent air curtain  /  jet angle  /  jet velocity
陈景序, 智栐凯, 王杰, 荆德吉, 郭雁潮, 刘雅雯. 露天矿卸料口旋流风幕模拟及纹影成像验证. 中国安全科学学报, 2026 , 36 (5) : 150 -158 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0355
Jingxu Chen, Yongkai Zhi, Jie Wang, Deji Jing, Yanchao Guo, Yawen Liu. Numerical simulation and schlieren imaging validation of a swirling air curtain at an open-pit mine discharge port[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026 , 36 (5) : 150 -158 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0355
当前,我国矿山行业由粉尘引起的污染和伤害较为严重[1]。露天矿山开采过程中产尘量较大,破碎站卸料口是主要粉尘污染源之一[2]。我国粉尘防治技术虽使露天矿粉尘得到一定程度的控制,但各生产环节的粉尘仍难以有效遏制,煤矿粉尘职业危害防治形势依然严峻[3]
目前,针对露天矿卸料口粉尘运移特征和控尘技术已有大量研究[4],研究方法包括数值模拟和风洞试验、现场测量等,研究内容主要聚焦于露天矿矿坑几何尺寸特点和逆温现象对露天矿粉尘聚集的影响[5]、诱导气流运动对漂浮粉尘扩散影响[6-9]、粉尘质量浓度与粒径和质量流率关系[10]、粉尘质量浓度与落差、粒径、粉尘碰撞及风场分布特征的关系[11]。也有学者构建采装机械与外流域三维模型,利用Fluent软件,模拟对露天采装面不同风速下外流场以及粉尘分布特性,明确了机械结构与颗粒数量、质量浓度的关系[12];还有学者归纳了堆场风蚀起尘的扬尘特性[13],研究了粉尘颗粒在受料斗内部及外部区域的扩散特性[14-16],指出了颗粒主要集中区域;文献[17-18]通过数值模拟,分析了破碎站粉尘逸散特点和污染机制,发现卸料时高差导致空气被卷入含尘物料流中,逐渐扩散并产生卷吸效应,进一步加剧卸载口粉尘污染。总体而言,现有研究在源强估算、扩散特性与环境因子作用等方面取得丰富进展[19],但针对卸料口近场源区的主动流场调控仍缺乏系统量化研究,尤其在射流风幕控流参数优化、旋流结构稳定性及诱导卷吸特征等方面,尚缺乏多因素耦合分析与实验验证。
鉴于此,笔者拟提出以射流风幕为核心的旋流控尘思路,在卸料口周边布置定向高速射流形成封闭或半封闭涡旋剪切层结构,以限制隔绝粉尘外逸,并在风幕内侧配置负压捕尘以收集含尘气体;聚焦射流风幕的涡旋完整性及诱导气流对粉尘的裹挟卷吸作用;采用数值模拟开展参数分析,明晰射流速度与角度的匹配关系及其对控尘性能的影响;并通过实测校准与修正数值结果,以期验证涡旋风幕的控尘的有效性。
由于露天矿卸料口风流运动属于稀疏湍流气-固两相流,因此,在保证计算精度和时间的前提下,选择Realizable k-ε湍流模型仿真计算风流场,由于气流轨道模型对应的数学方法是欧拉-拉格朗日算法,即采用欧拉方法来描述气相流场,方程如下:
气象连续方程:
$ \frac{\partial \rho_{g} u_{g i}}{\partial x_{i}}=S_{g}$
气象动量方程:
$ \begin{array}{c}\frac{\partial\left(\rho_{g} u_{g i} u_{g j}\right)}{\partial x_{i}}=\frac{\varphi_{g} \partial P}{\partial x_{j}}+\frac{\partial \tau_{i j}}{\partial x_{i}}+\rho_{g} g_{j}+ \\\frac{\rho_{P}}{\tau_{r}}\left(u_{p i}-u_{g i}\right)+u_{g i} S_{g}\end{array}$
式中:ρg为气相密度,kg/m3;ρp为颗粒固相密度,kg/m3;ugiugj为笛卡尔(xyz)坐标系中ij方向的气相速度分量,m/s;;upiupjij方向的颗粒相速度分量,m/s;P为流体静压,Pa;gjj方向重力加速度分量;xi、xj为空间坐标;ij为方向下标;τij为颗粒运动黏性应力,Pa;τr为颗粒动量驰豫时间,s;Sg为气相源项,kg/s。
建立滑移-扩散方程,进一步研究破碎站流场中的粉尘颗粒在稳态状态下的运动。在各向同性介质中,单位时间内通过垂直于扩散方向的单位截面积的扩散物质流量(称为扩散通量)与该截面上的质量浓度梯度成正比,即Fick第一扩散定律,见下式:
$ J=-D \frac{\mathrm{~d} C}{\mathrm{~d} x}$
式中:J为扩散通量,kg/(m3·s);D为扩散系数,m2/s;C为物质(组元)的质量浓度,kg/m3
以内蒙古某矿业一级破碎站卸料口为例,其单边卸料时最大粉尘质量浓度为750mg/m3,双边卸料时最大粉尘质量浓度为1 900mg/m3。粉尘负荷显著增加,呈现典型的高质量浓度、强扰动特征。内蒙古某矿业实际生产作业环境如图1所示。
基于内蒙古某矿业一级破碎站卸料口的实际结构参数,构建等比例三维几何模型(图2),主要包括破碎站外部操作建筑、卸料口主体结构以及布置于卸料口四角的旋流风幕发生装置。卸料口为长10m、宽10m的矩形;旋流风幕发生装置为2m高柱体,横截面为长宽0.45m×0.47m的类矩形。从左至右四面分别为射流风幕发生装置、抑尘泡沫喷出口、变相风幕发生装置、集尘口。射流风幕发生面布置于柱体外侧,其喷口以0~35°内倾角度向卸料口方向喷射。射流速度设定为15~25m/s,利于形成有效的旋流风幕。变相射流风幕发生面与外侧射流风幕面相平行布置,并保持相同的射流角度与射流风速参数。双面射流的协同作用可增强卸料口区域的切向动量分布,使旋流结构形成更加均匀、稳定。倾倒口下方集尘口:在倾倒口边缘下方50cm处加设小功率横向除尘口,避免多余粉尘发生二次逸散,进一步提高除尘效果。文中重点揭示旋流风幕的成型条件及流场特征,故对泡沫抑尘装置的控尘效果不作展开讨论,仅保留其结构位置以保证模型结构的完整性。
通过仿真软件绘制露天矿一级破碎站卸料口物理模型,得到常规、细化和较细化3种不同网格划分结果(图3),各模型的网格数量划分结果分别为9 205 712、4 891 140、2 464 307,从图3可以看出,常规网格的网格质量略低于细化网格和较细化网格,常规网格、细化网格与较细化网格的平均单元质量分别为0.6823、0.69、0.695,细化网格与较细化网格平均质量更为相近,常规网格则相对误差更大。
为探究卸料口旋流风场,选择卸料口风速进行网格独立性验证。截取卸料口呼吸带高度(1.5m)的速度分布情况,将以上3种网格进行网格独立性检验,结果如图4所示。细化网格与较细化网格所模拟的风速相接近,常规网格相对误差较大。因此,考虑效率与结果,采用细化网格进行数值仿真更为合适。
按照模型参数模拟设置,具体模型条件见表1
为系统分析出口速度、出口角度与风流动能之间的定量关系,并评估各因素的主效应及其交互作用,采用多因素对比法,并基于正交试验设计方法,探寻各射流角与风速的最优条件。选定射流风幕发生孔的出口速度与出口角度作为优化旋流控尘系统性能的关键变量。模拟试验设计方案见表2
通过仿真模拟得到不同工况通风条件下对气动涡旋雾幕的形成的影响,得出旋流雾幕在不同吹吸流速情况下形成涡旋风幕的完整度,风幕矢量分布如图5所示。卸料口整体呈正方形,易形成中心对称的旋流风场。通过调整射流角度与风速,在卸料口中心形成以裹挟粉尘为目的的诱导气流,且风流方向与射流一致形成逆时针旋流。
当射流角度小于5°时,气流趋于平行喷射,难以形成有效的旋转结构;当角度介于10~20°时,旋流结构最为稳定,风幕闭合良好,中心负压区稳定,旋流气幕成型效果最佳;当角度超过25°时,射流方向偏离主气流轴线,出现紊流分层与回流区塌陷现象,气流涡旋结构不完整。当角度为15°、射流风速为20m/s时,形成的旋流风幕完整度最高,风幕闭合度与稳定性均达到最优状态。此时,气流场内部可形成明显的旋流风幕图像,外层形成缓冲层,产生有效隔断倾倒粉尘的扩散通道的风幕墙。当射流速度由15 m/s增至25 m/s时,旋流风幕的整体结构趋于稳定且旋转强度明显增强,能形成较完整的封闭环流区;但当射流速度继续增大至30m/s以上时,局部区域产生过度紊流,旋涡内部不稳定,风幕结构被扰动,完整性下降,控尘性能反而减弱。表明旋流风幕的最佳射流速度区间为15~25m/s。
通过数值模拟计算得出角度在不同风速下的旋流风幕图,其中,形成更为完整的旋流风幕结果如图6所示。取模拟试验数据设计表中主要参数,分析结果见表3
进一步分析柱体间射流风幕的速度分布,自左下方柱体至右下方柱体中心高1.5m处做速度截线,如图7所示。由射流风幕速度截线分布变化可知:为保证旋流风幕完整性,速度截线中风速在一定区域会呈现明显下降趋势,速度截线上风速在一定区域内明显下降,主要由于风流在一定距离后向旋流中心偏转所致。图7中,风速均在距柱体1m内达到最大,此区域对应喷口附近的射流核心区;随着远离喷口中心,风速逐步衰减,射流向周围扩散并形成诱导流场。速度衰减趋势在角度增大或风速提高时更加明显,强射流增强了流场的径向扩散与卷吸效应。当角度小于10°时,风速衰减较平缓,轴向分布对称,气流主要呈前向喷射形态,旋流结构尚不明显,仅在喷口附近存在局部紊动区,旋转分量弱,难以形成稳定涡核。当角度介于10~20°时,风速分布出现明显非对称性特征。左右区域风速差增大,速度梯度形成明显的环状分布,表明此时已产生显著旋流效应。尤其在条件为15° 20m/s与20° 20m/s时,涡核区域速度峰值较高,衰减区平滑,旋流闭合环稳定,诱导卷吸能力最强。当角度超过25°时,风速峰值虽略高,但在距喷口1.5~5m部分,流场内紊流增强、涡核区破裂,旋流环出现塌陷。因此,角度过大导致旋流结构失稳,风幕完整性下降。
基于1.4节数值仿真结果,进行旋流风幕成型条件及成型效果的纹影成像验证试验[20],试验平台如图8所示。射流风幕发生装置通过供风软管经水浴加热连接变频风机,产生不同风量的高温气流,更便于纹影仪观测旋流风幕成型情况。其中,变向风幕发生装置由4个对称布置的射流发生柱体构成,底部设有可调变向喷口,以形成不同倾角的射流。装置中心区域设倾倒口模拟腔体,腔体尺寸为100mm×100mm,用以模拟实际卸料时的落料空间结构。气流供给与加热系统采用变频风机提供连续、稳定的气流,可精确控制射流风速在10~30m/s范围内变化。气流通过软管进入水浴加热装置,加热温度可达70 ℃,同时使用最高温度可达650 ℃高温的热风枪加以辅助,以形成密度差明显的热流体,有利于纹影成像系统观测气流边界及旋流形态。纹影成像系统通过直径203、750mm焦距的单镜式球面镜纹影仪,配合高亮度点光源和摄像机。通过光线偏折成像原理,实时记录风幕生成、闭合及破裂过程。系统可捕捉气流密度变化引起的亮度差异,从而分析旋流中心位置与边界层形态。
纹影成像试验针对不同射流角度与风速组合开展流场可视化测试,用于验证数值模拟中涡核闭合度、卷吸范围及旋流稳定性等关键特征。纹影成像试验对多组射流角度与风速组合开展流场可视化观测,验证数值模拟中旋流闭合程度及卷携特征的变化特征。结果表明:在较低射流角度条件下,气流主要沿喷口轴向推进,虽然可见初始旋流结构,但闭合度不足,卷携范围集中于喷流下方及局部侧向,涡核区呈现不稳定特征,边界模糊且难以形成持续环流。适当提高风速虽可增强诱导效应,但整体旋流仍呈半封闭形态。当角度增至15°且风速为15m/s时,纹影图像显示已出现初步涡核及上下方向卷携,表明射流气流具备诱导闭合环流的能力,但旋流结构仍未达到完全稳定。相比之下,在15° 20m/s条件下,旋流边界清晰,卷携范围显著扩大,上下及右侧区域均形成较强卷吸,稳定负压核心得以建立,封闭环流结构发育充分,旋流成型效果与控流能力最优。角度进一步增至20~25°时旋流仍可保持,但局部泄散及涡核偏移现象增强;当风速超过20m/s时,湍动加剧导致旋流边界由连续带状转为碎裂闪烁,出现涡心破裂趋势,旋流稳定性随之下降。
图9为15° 20m/s条件下旋流风幕的纹影图像。可见:该工况下旋涡结构已显著形成,涡核中心清晰,其周边区域呈现类环状流动,边界略带模糊但闭合程度较高,四周均出现由旋流诱导产生的卷携运动。尤其在图像右侧区域,可观察到明显的卷吸轨迹,与数值模拟结果高度一致,表明该工况下旋流闭合稳定性与诱导能力达到最佳水平。与其他角度与风速组合对比可知:15° 20m/s条件下旋流风幕结构最为完整,中心负压区域发育充分,封闭环流形态典型,验证了其为旋流风幕最佳成型工况。
综上所述,纹影成像试验结果印证了模拟特征,过小或过大的射流角度都会影响旋流风幕的成型效果;低风速虽能形成风幕闭环,但无法形成完整涡核,高风速则因射程过长而无法形成旋流。适中的射流角度与风速更利于形成高闭合、强稳定的旋流风幕。
1) 旋流风幕模拟结果显示,当射流角度处于10~20°、风速在15~25m/s的有效区间内时,能够在卸料口形成结构完整且涡核稳定的封闭环流区。当射流角度为15°、射流风速为20m/s时,旋流风幕的闭合度与稳定性最好,能够形成最显著的中心负压区。
2) 射流喷嘴射程在1m内风速达到峰值;1~2.5m内流线开始弯曲,剪切风幕开始闭合;2.5~6.5m气流中心形成稳定负压区域,外围环流产生明显的动压风幕;距离超过6.5m时,动能明显衰减,速度曲线出现多峰波动,风流向涡核方向形成有效旋流风幕。
3) 纹影观测试验显示,射流角度15°、风速20m/s下,纹影气流形成清晰涡核结构,呈现显著的卷吸效果。纹影系统展示的边界特征与数值模拟具有较高相似性,旋流风幕成型机制得到有效验证。
  • 国家自然基金面上项目资助(52474229)
  • 内蒙古自治区2025年重点研发和成果转化计划(社会公益领域)项目(2025YFSH0073)
  • 自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(2024QNJS101)
  • 自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(2025QNJS007)
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2026年第36卷第5期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0355
  • 接收时间:2025-11-15
  • 首发时间:2026-06-29
  • 出版时间:2026-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-15
  • 修回日期:2026-03-04
基金
国家自然基金面上项目资助(52474229)
内蒙古自治区2025年重点研发和成果转化计划(社会公益领域)项目(2025YFSH0073)
自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(2024QNJS101)
自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(2025QNJS007)
作者信息
    1 内蒙古科技大学 安全与应急管理学院, 内蒙古 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古科技大学 矿业与煤炭学院, 内蒙古 包头 014010
    3 内蒙古自治区矿业工程重点实验室, 内蒙古 包头 014010
    4 辽宁工程技术大学 安全科学与工程学院, 辽宁 阜新 123000
    5 中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院, 北京 100083
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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