Article(id=1151591715229495580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1151591705854751239, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)05-0075-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1294, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699891200000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-14, revisedDate=1708531200000, revisedDateStr=2024-02-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752490460450, onlineDateStr=2025-07-14, pubDate=1716825600000, pubDateStr=2024-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752490460450, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752490460450, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752490460450, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1151591705854751239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='251', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752490458214, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757398693384, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172178336315985942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1151591705854751239, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172178336315985943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1151591705854751239, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=75, endPage=81, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151591715720229150, articleId=1151591715229495580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Advanced detection response and application of transient electromagnetic field of shallow buried deep coil, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal(CSSJ), columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To effectively identify adverse geological conditions such as goaf,karst,and water-conducting fracture zones ahead of the tunnel face and prevent water inflow accidents during tunnel excavation,the application of shallow buried deep coil transient electromagnetic theory in tunnel advanced detection was investigated. A shallow buried deep coil advanced detection model was proposed by COMSOL software to investigate the propagation characteristics and abnormal response features of electromagnetic fields in different directions ahead of the tunnel face. The tunnel project between Jialingjiang Road Station and Xiangjiang Road Station Qingdao Metro Line 13 was used to validate the proposed model's performance in identifying abnormal responses. The results showed that the proposed model can effectively identify low-resistivity anomalies at different positions ahead of the tunnel surface. Moreover,the effect of anomalies in different azimuths on the electric field response was mainly presented in the response intensity. Transient electromagnetic field can effectively distinguish the air zone and rock zone,and the electromagnetic field attenuated faster in the high-resistance surrounding rock near the surface due to the influence of the air zone,resulting in high-resistance anomalies of the practical detection during inversion analysis.

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为有效识别隧道工作面前方采空区、岩溶、导水裂隙带等不良地质情况,预防隧道开挖透水事故,开展浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁理论在隧道超前探测中应用的研究。首先,利用COMSOL软件建立浅埋深线圈超前探测模型,研究工作面前方不同方位电磁场的传播特性和异常响应特征;然后,以青岛地铁13号线嘉陵江路站-香江路站区间隧道工程为例,验证浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁法识别异常体的可行性。结果表明:浅埋深瞬变电磁法可有效识别工作面前方不同位置的低阻异常体;不同方位异常体对于电场响应的影响主要体现在响应强度上;瞬变电磁场可有效区别出空气域和岩体域,但受空气域的影响,电磁场在近地表的高阻围岩中衰减速度加快,导致在反演分析中实际探测工作存在高阻异常。

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王春源 (1980—),男,山东诸城人,硕士,副教授,主要从事地下工程减灾防灾技术和安全管理方面的研究。E-mail:

马洪亮 高级工程师

梁庆华 教授

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caption=Transient electromagnetic results, figureFileSmall=HNchLg+2xC+EdRviTyNQPg==, figureFileBig=2PskQQsabyKkqqK7UGtr1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172490966331174979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591715229495580, language=CN, label=图11, caption=瞬变电磁结果, figureFileSmall=HNchLg+2xC+EdRviTyNQPg==, figureFileBig=2PskQQsabyKkqqK7UGtr1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172490966402478149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591715229495580, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Material parameter settings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对象 电导率/
(S·m-1)
相对磁
导率
相对介电
常数
岩体 0.01 1.00 10
隧道(已挖) 1.00×10-6 1.00 1.00
低阻异常体 1.00 1.00 60.00
空气 1.00×10-6 1.00 1.00
发射线圈(Tx) 6.00×107 1.00 1.00
接收线圈(Rx) 6×107 1.00 1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1172490966482169927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591715229495580, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

材料参数设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对象 电导率/
(S·m-1)
相对磁
导率
相对介电
常数
岩体 0.01 1.00 10
隧道(已挖) 1.00×10-6 1.00 1.00
低阻异常体 1.00 1.00 60.00
空气 1.00×10-6 1.00 1.00
发射线圈(Tx) 6.00×107 1.00 1.00
接收线圈(Rx) 6×107 1.00 1.00
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浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁场超前探测响应及应用
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王春源 1 , 张桓 1 , 马洪亮 2 , 梁庆华 1
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(5): 75-81
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(5): 75-81
浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁场超前探测响应及应用
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王春源1 , 张桓1, 马洪亮2, 梁庆华1
作者信息
  • 1 青岛理工大学 机械与汽车工程学院,山东 青岛 266520
  • 2 中国职业安全健康协会,北京 100029
  • 王春源 (1980—),男,山东诸城人,硕士,副教授,主要从事地下工程减灾防灾技术和安全管理方面的研究。E-mail:

    马洪亮 高级工程师

    梁庆华 教授

Advanced detection response and application of transient electromagnetic field of shallow buried deep coil
Chunyuan WANG1 , Huan ZHANG1, Hongliang MA2, Qinghua LIANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao Shandong266520,China
  • 2 China Occupational Safety and Health Association,Beijing 100029,China
出版时间: 2024-05-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1294
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为有效识别隧道工作面前方采空区、岩溶、导水裂隙带等不良地质情况,预防隧道开挖透水事故,开展浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁理论在隧道超前探测中应用的研究。首先,利用COMSOL软件建立浅埋深线圈超前探测模型,研究工作面前方不同方位电磁场的传播特性和异常响应特征;然后,以青岛地铁13号线嘉陵江路站-香江路站区间隧道工程为例,验证浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁法识别异常体的可行性。结果表明:浅埋深瞬变电磁法可有效识别工作面前方不同位置的低阻异常体;不同方位异常体对于电场响应的影响主要体现在响应强度上;瞬变电磁场可有效区别出空气域和岩体域,但受空气域的影响,电磁场在近地表的高阻围岩中衰减速度加快,导致在反演分析中实际探测工作存在高阻异常。

浅埋深线圈  /  瞬变电磁场  /  超前探测  /  工作面  /  低阻异常体  /  隧道施工

To effectively identify adverse geological conditions such as goaf,karst,and water-conducting fracture zones ahead of the tunnel face and prevent water inflow accidents during tunnel excavation,the application of shallow buried deep coil transient electromagnetic theory in tunnel advanced detection was investigated. A shallow buried deep coil advanced detection model was proposed by COMSOL software to investigate the propagation characteristics and abnormal response features of electromagnetic fields in different directions ahead of the tunnel face. The tunnel project between Jialingjiang Road Station and Xiangjiang Road Station Qingdao Metro Line 13 was used to validate the proposed model's performance in identifying abnormal responses. The results showed that the proposed model can effectively identify low-resistivity anomalies at different positions ahead of the tunnel surface. Moreover,the effect of anomalies in different azimuths on the electric field response was mainly presented in the response intensity. Transient electromagnetic field can effectively distinguish the air zone and rock zone,and the electromagnetic field attenuated faster in the high-resistance surrounding rock near the surface due to the influence of the air zone,resulting in high-resistance anomalies of the practical detection during inversion analysis.

shallow buried deep coil  /  transient electromagnetic  /  advanced detection  /  working face  /  low resistance anomalous body  /  tunnel construction
王春源, 张桓, 马洪亮, 梁庆华. 浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁场超前探测响应及应用. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (5) : 75 -81 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1294
Chunyuan WANG, Huan ZHANG, Hongliang MA, Qinghua LIANG. Advanced detection response and application of transient electromagnetic field of shallow buried deep coil[J]. China Safety Science Journal(CSSJ), 2024 , 34 (5) : 75 -81 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1294
在隧道施工过程中,以坍塌、透水、冒顶、片帮等为主的事故时有发生,尤其是透水事故的发生,通常会造成重大经济损失甚至人员伤亡[1-2]。隧道超前地质预报技术是一种在隧道施工前及施工过程中探测工作面前方地质环境及地质结构的技术方法[3],20世纪80年代,欧美等国家开始研究隧道超前地质预报技术,90年代,我国也开始超前地质预报技术的相关研究[4]。然而,不同于常规地表探测,隧道超前地质预报对探测技术的探测精度、探测深度、探测成本、数据处理周期等要求较高,截至目前,隧道超前地质预报技术相关研究仍处于发展阶段[5]。此外,我国城市隧道埋深多为小于100m的浅埋深隧道,传统的全空间瞬变电磁理论无法精准描述电磁场的传播方式,而浅埋深隧道的瞬变电磁理论及数值分析可较好地解决上述问题,对于城市隧道超前探测具有重要意义。
国内外诸多学者围绕隧道超前探测展开了大量研究,如李术才等[6]研究了铁路隧道突水突泥机制与超前预报定量识别技术,分析了隧道突水突泥的典型类型和致灾机制,着重介绍了隧道工程施工期突水突泥灾害风险源定量识别的激发极化、全空间瞬变电磁技术与设备,论述了隧道超前预报领域今后一段时间的发展趋势和方向。武强[7]研究了矿井突水灾害,阐述了顶板突水、底板突水等典型煤矿突水灾害的预报和预测,提出突水灾害的三维可视化平台和防治技术;张国恩等[8]结合物探与钻探研究了探放水工作,有效降低了突水灾害的发生;张向礼等[9]利用超前地质预报方法,研究了高原不良地质铁路隧道水害;SWIDINSKY等[10-11]研究了地下水平磁偶极子理论,推导了瞬变电磁响应理论公式,当线圈接近界面时,“烟圈”系统在早期呈径向扩散,随着时间的推移,线圈在空气中会产生复杂电场系统,当与一次电场结合时,为场扩散增加了一个垂直分量;在晚期,最大电流环呈26°向下扩散,并推导适用于隧道超前探测工作的地下垂直磁偶极子瞬变电磁理论。FULLAGA[12]推导了地表下瞬变电磁场和矢量磁位的显式解析公式,从理论上解释了“烟圈”的扩散方式。综上,隧道超前预报方法已经有很多,但将瞬变电磁理论应用于隧道超前探测的研究还较少。
鉴于此,笔者拟利用COMSOL软件研究浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁理论在隧道超前探测应用中的传播特性和异常响应特征,验证浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁法识别异常体的可行性,以期为超前探测反演结果提供解释依据。
瞬变电磁法(Transient Electromagnetic Method,TEM)是一种地球物理方法超前探测技术,是基于电磁感应原理进行勘探的电磁测深方法,通过发射线圈产生周期性间断信号,引起被测区域产生携带有地电特性的涡流场[13]
SWIDINSKY等[10]提出的浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁理论分析模型如图1所示,线圈位于地表以下半空间中。
假设线圈半径为a,供电电流为I,当供电断开在全空间电导率为σ,磁导率为μ的电场强度为

E x S = I A μ x y 4 π x y r 2 I - 1 0 2 λ u + λ e x p [ - u ( z + d ) ] ×

2 r J 1 ( λ r ) - λ J 0 ( λ r ) d λ

E y S = I A μ 4 π 1 r 2 I - 1 ×

0 ( 2 λ u + λ ) ( r - 2 x 2 r ) e x p [ - u ( z + d ) ] J 1 ( λ r ) d λ   + 0 ( 2 λ u + λ ) x 2 - r 2 λ e x p [ - u ( z + d ) ] J 0 ( λ r ) d λ
E z S = I A μ 4 π y r I - 1 0 λ 2 u e x p [ - u ( z + d ) ] J 1 ( λ r ) d λ
式中: E x S为电场强度,x为电场分量方向; λ为空间波数;A为线圈面积;r为径向距离; I - 1为拉普拉斯变换; J 1为第一类贝塞尔函数;S为二次场; u = λ 2 + s μ σ
浅埋深线圈模拟模型构建主要有2层,上、下分别为空气和岩体,瞬变电磁几何模型如图2所示。
空气、岩体、发射线圈、接收线圈及低阻异常体和材料设置见表1。几何参数如下:
1) 岩体。宽120m,深200m,高100m的实体六面体。
2) 隧道(已挖)。宽6m,深30m,高8m。
3) 低阻异常体。宽20m,深度10m,高20m的实体六面体。
4) 空气。宽120m,深200m,高20m的实体六面体。
5) 发射线圈。高0.02m,外半径r1=1m,内半径r1=0.98m,位置在隧道工作面上的圆柱环。
6) 接收线圈。高0.02m,外半径r2 =0.5m,内半径r2=0.48m,位置在隧道工作面上的圆柱环。
激励源采用研究范围为0.5~0.505s,脉冲型理想电流源如图3所示。
选择自由剖分四面体网格,先细化剖分整个模型,再划分空气域和土壤域的标准剖分,结果如图4所示。
根据COMSOL软件数值模拟计算结果,分析异常体1在0.500 01~0.500 10s时XOZY=20m切面的磁场响应和YOZX=0m切面的电场响应,研究瞬变电磁在传播过程中的响应特征,如图5图6所示。
根据电磁场在高阻介质中衰减快,在低阻介质中衰减慢的特征,浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁法可有效识别异常体1所在位置。由图5可知:①在关断瞬间磁场强度最大,磁场在空气域中衰减速度最快,其次是高阻围岩和异常体1,空气域和高阻围岩在约0.500 05s 时,磁场强度衰减为0;②浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁法可有效识别空气域高阻现象;③高阻围岩在纵向上越接近分界面其衰减速度越快,这将导致在反演中接近分界面部分视电阻率升高。
图6可知:①根据瞬变电磁法原理浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁法可实现水平方向的低阻异常体定位工作;②在瞬变电磁探测工作中和没有支护或干扰体存在的情况下可忽略隧道中的空气;③根据图6a图6e可以发现,在隧道上方的高阻围岩衰减速度明显较快,这将导致在反演中接近该部分视电阻率升高。
在0.500 06s异常体2、3、4,XOZY=20m切面的磁场响应和YOZX=0m切面的电线圈场响应如图7图8所示。由图7图8可知:浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁法可实现对不同位置的异常体识别工作。
异常体位于工作面左前、下前、上前、正方的瞬变电磁场感应电动势对数如图9所示。纵轴表示对接收线圈面积进行接收线圈感应电动势对数。由图9可知:①根据响应曲线特征发现,浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁法能够识别掌子面前方的异常体,有效实现隧道超前探测工作;②不同位置异常体瞬变电磁场响应曲线变化特征大体相同。在早期迅速衰减,晚期呈指数衰减趋近于一条直线符合瞬变电磁超前探测理论;③响应曲线在早期几乎重合,但由于不同位置的异常体与收发装置距离上存在差异,以至于距离最近的正前方异常体响应强度最大,最晚衰减结束。
综上,浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁法符合瞬变电磁法探测机制,可有效完成隧道超前探测工作。
为验证浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁场理论体系的可行性,以青岛地铁13号线嘉陵江路站—香江路站区间隧道施工为例进行分析。
通过隧道内的发射线框在隧道周围岩层中建立起脉冲式一次电磁场,用接受探头观测由该脉冲电磁场感应的地下涡流产生的二次电磁场,通过分析该二次场的空间和时间的分布来认识有关地质问题。在做隧道瞬变电磁超前探测工作时,采用扇形探测技术进行探测。在实际工作过程中对每个发射点,也可调整天线的法线与隧道底板的夹角大小,以探测隧道顶板、顺层和底板方向的围岩变化情况。隧道超前探测扇形测点布置如图10所示。
试验主要是探明隧道掌子面前方含水异常体情况。为满足实际探测效果,从探测点水平方向朝右45°起至朝左45°,以15°为差值布置测线,共探测7个点。
测线1瞬变电磁成果如图12a所示。探测前方80m内,存在2处低阻异常区域,可能存在含水异常。分别在隧道正前方55~75m,探测点右帮30~70m。测线2瞬变电磁成果如图12b所示。探测前方80m内,存在2处低阻异常区域。分别在隧道正前方20~70m,探测点底板方向10~80m。
图12可以看出,瞬变电磁法不仅有效识别高、低组异常体,还可识别高阻空气域,但受空气域影响隧道上方近地表围岩视电阻率增大。
综合探测成果图来看,在工作面前方20m处存在高阻异常,整个隧道前方80m范围内存在2处低阻异常,第1处低阻异常区在工作面正前方60~75m;第2处低阻异常区在工作面右下方30~70m,此处低阻异常反应较为明显,通过钻探得到验证。由此可见:当线圈离地面较近的情况下,瞬变电磁法也可有效完成超前探测工作。
1) 浅埋深线圈瞬变电磁场受空气域的影响,电磁场在近地表的高阻围岩中衰减速度加快,导致在反演分析和实际探测工作中存在高阻异常。
2) 不同位置异常体瞬变电磁场响应曲线变化大体相同。在早期迅速衰减,晚期呈指数衰减趋近于一条直线,符合瞬变电磁超前探测理论,但在响应幅度上存在差异,由此可见:瞬变电磁可有效识别不同位置的异常体。
3) 根据瞬变电磁超前探测表明:在工作面前方20m处存在高阻异常,整个隧道前方80m范围内段存在2处低阻异常,第1处低阻异常区在工作面正前方60~75m;第2处低阻异常区在工作面右下方30~70m,此处低阻异常反应较为明显,通过钻探得到验证。由此可见:当线圈离地面较近的情况下,瞬变电磁法也可有效完成超前探测工作。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(51974169)
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2024年第34卷第5期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1294
  • 接收时间:2023-11-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-14
  • 出版时间:2024-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-14
  • 修回日期:2024-02-22
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国家自然科学基金资助(51974169)
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    1 青岛理工大学 机械与汽车工程学院,山东 青岛 266520
    2 中国职业安全健康协会,北京 100029
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
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