Article(id=1151591714805870865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1151591705854751239, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)05-0028-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.0835, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1700496000000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-21, revisedDate=1708531200000, revisedDateStr=2024-02-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752490460349, onlineDateStr=2025-07-14, pubDate=1716825600000, pubDateStr=2024-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752490460349, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752490460349, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752490460349, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1151591705854751239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='251', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752490458214, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757398693384, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172178336315985942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1151591705854751239, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172178336315985943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1151591705854751239, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=28, endPage=35, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151591715221106971, articleId=1151591714805870865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Research on knowledge management in coal mine construction safety field based on knowledge graph, columnId=1149733271128420907, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal(CSSJ), columnName=Safety social science and safety management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the knowledge redundancy caused by data accumulation during coal mine construction,some researches were conducted about domain knowledge management based on KG in this paper. The systematic analysis of the field of standard specification text was conducted using the safety management system structure and security risk management. 12 types of entities and 10 types of relations in the field of coal mine construction safety management were defined,and the knowledge structure model was also improved. 43 standard specifications were selected as data sources for text entity and relationship recognition by rules,dictionaries and deep learning methods. For different entity types,the framework of domain knowledge integrated approaches was proposed,and two models of bidirectional long-short-term memory(BiLSTM) and conditional random field(CRF) and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers(BERT)-BiLSTM-CRF were also compared. The accuracy,recall rate and F1 value of the BERT-BiLSTM-CRF model are more than 7% higher than that of the BiLSTM-CRF model,which verifies the superiority of the selected model. Through knowledge extraction,knowledge storage and visualization,the entities contained in different types of entities in the field of coal mine construction safety and the relationship between different entities were investigated.

, correspAuthors=Yanxiang LIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Na XU, Yanxiang LIANG, Liang WANG, Lili ZHAO, Xueqing ZHOU, Bo ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1151591737836794603, articleId=1151591714805870865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=基于知识图谱的煤矿建设安全领域知识管理研究, columnId=1149733271296193071, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全社会科学与安全管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决煤矿建设过程中数据积累存在的知识冗余现象,研究基于知识图谱(KG)的安全领域知识管理。从安全管理系统结构和安全隐患风险管理2个维度,系统化分析领域标准规范文本,界定煤矿建设安全管理领域的12类实体类型和10种关系类型,完善知识结构模式;选取领域43部标准规范为数据源,引入规则、机器学习法、深度学习法识别文本实体和关系;针对不同实体类型,提出领域知识综合方法框架,并对比分析双向长短期记忆(BiLSTM)和条件随机场(CRF)与双向编码器表示(BERT)-BiLSTM-CRF模型。研究结果表明:BERT-BiLSTM-CRF模型在准确率、召回率和F1值方面均比BiLSTM-CRF模型高出7%,验证了所选模型的优越性和准确性;通过知识抽取、知识存储及可视化等过程,挖掘出煤矿建设安全领域不同实体类型所包含的实体和不同实体间的关系。

, correspAuthors=梁燕翔, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**梁燕翔(1998—),女,江苏盐城人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为深度学习、知识图谱等。E-mail:
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许 娜 (1982—),女,江苏徐州人,博士,副教授,主要从事煤炭安全、基础设施工程项目管理、大数据与人工智能技术等方面的研究。E-mail:

王亮 教授

张博 副教授

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许 娜 (1982—),女,江苏徐州人,博士,副教授,主要从事煤炭安全、基础设施工程项目管理、大数据与人工智能技术等方面的研究。E-mail:

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许 娜 (1982—),女,江苏徐州人,博士,副教授,主要从事煤炭安全、基础设施工程项目管理、大数据与人工智能技术等方面的研究。E-mail:

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王亮 教授

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王亮 教授

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张博 副教授

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注:双向编码器表示(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers,BERT);双向长短期记忆(Bidirectional Long-Short-Term Memory,BiLSTM);条件随机场(Conditional Random Field,CRF)。

, figureFileSmall=5xW8EEDZtGPO5Wl4eJFusg==, figureFileBig=goEvWVKW5HBfYp0S5a4ZRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172496582252577161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591714805870865, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Types of entities in the field of coal mine construction safety, figureFileSmall=E3JJIzrffhhaaZkpZ5cqmQ==, figureFileBig=2CNTgsDOyD7V9Aih+hlvbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172496582319686026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591714805870865, language=CN, label=图2, caption=煤矿建设安全领域实体类型, figureFileSmall=E3JJIzrffhhaaZkpZ5cqmQ==, figureFileBig=2CNTgsDOyD7V9Aih+hlvbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172496582386794891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591714805870865, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Model of knowledge structure in the field of coal mine construction safety, figureFileSmall=1BMckTISB/sscKCyXU1MbQ==, figureFileBig=2KnA/Sq5Lxpoe6ke0euErA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172496582445515148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591714805870865, language=CN, label=图3, caption=煤矿建设安全领域知识结构模式, figureFileSmall=1BMckTISB/sscKCyXU1MbQ==, figureFileBig=2KnA/Sq5Lxpoe6ke0euErA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172496582508429709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591714805870865, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Safety standard system of coal mine construction, figureFileSmall=tBhvxaK6vJd5GspnGqXcXw==, figureFileBig=HLx34sjQufGT9zNz+kRjBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172496582579732878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591714805870865, language=CN, label=图4, caption=煤矿建设安全标准体系, figureFileSmall=tBhvxaK6vJd5GspnGqXcXw==, figureFileBig=HLx34sjQufGT9zNz+kRjBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172496582638453135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591714805870865, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Knowledge graph visualization display in the field of coal mine construction safety, figureFileSmall=/uPd3/K+vqihrfl3AEVdAg==, figureFileBig=QTsagL0q+Cc+cJItrDzMOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172496582709756304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591714805870865, language=CN, label=图5, caption=煤矿建设安全领域KG可视化展示, figureFileSmall=/uPd3/K+vqihrfl3AEVdAg==, figureFileBig=QTsagL0q+Cc+cJItrDzMOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172496582802030993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591714805870865, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Example of standard specification system in the field of coal mine construction safety

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序号 标准规范示例 依据发布机构和作用范围划分 依据其内容不同划分
1 中华人民共和国煤炭法(国家能源局2017) 法律 安全行为标准
2 煤矿安全监察条例(2013修订) 行政法规 安全行为标准
3 煤矿防治水规定煤安监(调查[2018]14号) 部门规章 煤矿重大灾害防治标准
4 防治煤与瓦斯突出细则(煤安监技装(2019)28号) 规范性文件 煤矿重大灾害防治标准
5 煤矿井下消防、洒水设计规范(GB 50383—2016) 国家标准 煤矿安全管理标准
6 煤矿井巷工程质量检验评定标准(MT 5009—1994) 行业标准 安全行为标准
7 煤矿建设安全规范 AQ1083—2011 煤矿安全标准 行业标准
), ArticleFig(id=1172496582873334162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591714805870865, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

煤矿建设安全领域标准规范体系示例

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序号 标准规范示例 依据发布机构和作用范围划分 依据其内容不同划分
1 中华人民共和国煤炭法(国家能源局2017) 法律 安全行为标准
2 煤矿安全监察条例(2013修订) 行政法规 安全行为标准
3 煤矿防治水规定煤安监(调查[2018]14号) 部门规章 煤矿重大灾害防治标准
4 防治煤与瓦斯突出细则(煤安监技装(2019)28号) 规范性文件 煤矿重大灾害防治标准
5 煤矿井下消防、洒水设计规范(GB 50383—2016) 国家标准 煤矿安全管理标准
6 煤矿井巷工程质量检验评定标准(MT 5009—1994) 行业标准 安全行为标准
7 煤矿建设安全规范 AQ1083—2011 煤矿安全标准 行业标准
), ArticleFig(id=1172496582953025939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591714805870865, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of model results%

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模型 准确率 召回率 F1
BiLSTM-CRF 66.67 58.14 58.14
BERT-BiLSTM-CRF 74.52 68.02 71.12
), ArticleFig(id=1172496583015940500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591714805870865, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模型结果对比

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模型 准确率 召回率 F1
BiLSTM-CRF 66.67 58.14 58.14
BERT-BiLSTM-CRF 74.52 68.02 71.12
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基于知识图谱的煤矿建设安全领域知识管理研究
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许娜 1 , 梁燕翔 1, ** , 王亮 2 , 赵丽丽 3 , 周雪晴 1 , 张博 4
中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2024,34(5): 28-35
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2024, 34(5): 28-35
基于知识图谱的煤矿建设安全领域知识管理研究
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许娜1 , 梁燕翔1, ** , 王亮2, 赵丽丽3, 周雪晴1, 张博4
作者信息
  • 1 中国矿业大学 力学与土木工程学院,江苏 徐州 221116
  • 2 中国矿业大学 安全工程学院,江苏 徐州 221116
  • 3 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海 200434
  • 4 中国矿业大学 计算机科学与技术学院,江苏 徐州 221116
  • 许 娜 (1982—),女,江苏徐州人,博士,副教授,主要从事煤炭安全、基础设施工程项目管理、大数据与人工智能技术等方面的研究。E-mail:

    王亮 教授

    张博 副教授

通讯作者:

**梁燕翔(1998—),女,江苏盐城人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为深度学习、知识图谱等。E-mail:
Research on knowledge management in coal mine construction safety field based on knowledge graph
Na XU1 , Yanxiang LIANG1, ** , Liang WANG2, Lili ZHAO3, Xueqing ZHOU1, Bo ZHANG4
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116,China
  • 2 School of Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116,China
  • 3 Shanghai Investigation,Design & Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200434,China
  • 4 School of Computer Science and Technology,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116,China
出版时间: 2024-05-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.0835
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为解决煤矿建设过程中数据积累存在的知识冗余现象,研究基于知识图谱(KG)的安全领域知识管理。从安全管理系统结构和安全隐患风险管理2个维度,系统化分析领域标准规范文本,界定煤矿建设安全管理领域的12类实体类型和10种关系类型,完善知识结构模式;选取领域43部标准规范为数据源,引入规则、机器学习法、深度学习法识别文本实体和关系;针对不同实体类型,提出领域知识综合方法框架,并对比分析双向长短期记忆(BiLSTM)和条件随机场(CRF)与双向编码器表示(BERT)-BiLSTM-CRF模型。研究结果表明:BERT-BiLSTM-CRF模型在准确率、召回率和F1值方面均比BiLSTM-CRF模型高出7%,验证了所选模型的优越性和准确性;通过知识抽取、知识存储及可视化等过程,挖掘出煤矿建设安全领域不同实体类型所包含的实体和不同实体间的关系。

知识图谱(KG)  /  煤矿建设  /  安全领域  /  安全管理  /  知识结构  /  实体类型

In order to solve the knowledge redundancy caused by data accumulation during coal mine construction,some researches were conducted about domain knowledge management based on KG in this paper. The systematic analysis of the field of standard specification text was conducted using the safety management system structure and security risk management. 12 types of entities and 10 types of relations in the field of coal mine construction safety management were defined,and the knowledge structure model was also improved. 43 standard specifications were selected as data sources for text entity and relationship recognition by rules,dictionaries and deep learning methods. For different entity types,the framework of domain knowledge integrated approaches was proposed,and two models of bidirectional long-short-term memory(BiLSTM) and conditional random field(CRF) and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers(BERT)-BiLSTM-CRF were also compared. The accuracy,recall rate and F1 value of the BERT-BiLSTM-CRF model are more than 7% higher than that of the BiLSTM-CRF model,which verifies the superiority of the selected model. Through knowledge extraction,knowledge storage and visualization,the entities contained in different types of entities in the field of coal mine construction safety and the relationship between different entities were investigated.

knowledge graph(KG)  /  coal mine construction  /  safety field  /  safety management  /  knowledge structure  /  entity types
许娜, 梁燕翔, 王亮, 赵丽丽, 周雪晴, 张博. 基于知识图谱的煤矿建设安全领域知识管理研究. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (5) : 28 -35 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.0835
Na XU, Yanxiang LIANG, Liang WANG, Lili ZHAO, Xueqing ZHOU, Bo ZHANG. Research on knowledge management in coal mine construction safety field based on knowledge graph[J]. China Safety Science Journal(CSSJ), 2024 , 34 (5) : 28 -35 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.0835
煤矿建设工程量大、建设系统繁多、多数项目处于复杂多变的地质条件,易受地质环境、施工场地以及气候等因素影响,煤矿建设安全风险系数高[1]。煤矿建设安全管理是知识密集型工作,领域安全决策复杂。因此,从知识管理角度构建煤矿建设安全风险管理的领域知识体系及智能知识支持机制,将所需要的知识智能推送给管理者,成为提升煤矿施工安全风险管理水平的新途径。
煤矿建设安全知识管理领域研究主要集中在基于经验的知识管理体系构建、安全管理专家系统、知识驱动的事故诊断和风险预测等方面[2-3]。基于知识图谱(Knowledge Graph,KG)的安全知识管理研究主要集中在电力、金融、医疗、农业、机械故障诊断领域,研究内容包括:①KG构建,其核心任务为基于命名实体识别的知识单元(实体、关系、属性)抽取[4-5];②知识支持,主要包括语义搜索、智能问答、个性化推荐、基于知识的大数据分析与决策、领域专业词典构建等[6-7]。在煤矿建设安全KG构建及知识支持方面,已有学者提出面向煤矿建设领域的知识内容和结构构建。但基于领域KG要求更高的知识粒度、广度、深度。现阶段煤矿建设领域知识结构尚不明确,缺乏风险管控过程,导致实体和实体间关系设计不全面,知识库中的实体和关系类型有所缺失。
鉴于此,笔者拟以煤矿建设安全领域文本内容结构特征和领域信息化知识管理需求,提出领域知识结构模式、领域知识抽取综合方法框架及基于KG的构建流程和知识问答系统,以期为煤矿建设安全领域语义深度关联与组织提供参考。
基于KG的煤矿建设安全领域知识管理流程包含知识获取、数据处理、知识抽取、知识存储及可视化4个阶段。采用系统工程的方式构建知识结构模式,知识获取来源包括结构化数据、半结构化数据和非结构化数据3类,针对结构化和半结构化文本采用规则词典法和机器学习方法,非结构化文本采用深度学习方法进行数据处理,抽取出实体和关系,形成可视化KG,构建领域知识问答系统,如图1所示。
KG包括知识结构模式层和数据层,模式层用来提炼知识类型,包括实体类型、关系类型[8]。从安全管理系统结构和安全隐患风险2个维度,自顶向下进行知识分类,辅之自下而上的方法进行知识补充和修正,提炼出实体和实体之间的关系类型,形成煤矿建设安全领域知识结构模式。
按照工程项目管理系统结构的分解方式,将安全管理系统结构划分为目标子系统、对象子系统、行为子系统、组织子系统、环境子系统、项目管理子系统。
目标子系统指矿井建设过程中的工期、质量和投资3个目标;对象子系统指煤矿建设各阶段所需提交的系列成果;行为子对象指建设各阶段的先后程序;组织子系统指在不同的阶段,由不同的利益相关方通过合同、法律等方式相互影响而形成的组织体系;环境子系统指对煤矿建设有影响的外部因素的综合;项目管理子系统指由项目管理过程、组织、方法等构成的系统。
在安全隐患风险管理维度,参照《生产过程危险和有害因素分类与代码》[9],将事故隐患分为人员、物因、环境和管理4类。人员指源于生产人员的安全隐患;物因指源于生产工艺、设备、物料的隐患;环境指源于煤矿所处环境的隐患;管理指由管理缺陷构成的隐患。综上,将煤矿建设安全管理领域知识划分为生产人员、施工作业、安全管理、机具设备、工程项目、大气环境、地质环境、文本资料、建筑材料、评价指标、空间位置和施工方法12类,具体如图2所示。
由于建设材料、评价指标、空间位置和施工方法4类实体类型尚未形成被广泛认可的分类体系,因此,采用自底向上的构建方式。对其他实体类型按照自顶向下方式分解,作为后续知识抽取的任务目标。
1) 生产人员。煤矿现场施工的主体为施工人员,安全管理的关键为管理人员。施工人员的行为直接影响煤矿建设安全管理的繁琐程度和建设周期。依据煤矿生产辅助单位安全生产标准化体系和煤矿安全生产管理体系[10],煤矿建设安全管理部门根据其职责将参与组织划分为:建设单位、监理单位、设计单位、施工单位、设备及材料供应商、政府监督部门等。
2) 施工作业。依据煤矿建设施工全生命周期理论和工程建设实践,煤矿建设分为项目核准、前期技术准备、工程准备、矿井建设施工、项目竣工验收5个阶段,每个阶段均由诸多分流程组成。
3) 安全管理。依据安全管理知识与“三要素”煤矿安全管理体系[11],将煤矿安全管理机制分为技术、组织、文化教育3个方面的保障机制。技术保障机制的核心是识别、评价和控制建设过程中出现的安全风险、加强机具设备的管控,并通过完善各项应急预案、定期组织演习等,提升防治水平。人作为安全管理的首要对象,其不安全意识、技术欠缺和违规作业等都有可能产生安全隐患。
4) 机具设备。煤炭企业的煤炭开采、运输、提升及建设等各环节都需要各种机电设备的支撑,此外还需大型临建设施为工程建设物资提供保障。随着信息化的不断发展,各种自动化设备也不断投入现场,如安全监控类系统等。此类机具设备的效率高低、灵敏与否都与煤炭建设安全管理有着密切的联系。
5) 工程项目。参照矿井建设的实体要素中的工程要素分类,分为矿建、土建和机电安装共3类,其中,矿建工程在实际施工过程中可划分为井筒、井底车场巷道及硐室、主要石门、运输大巷及采区巷道等工程。
6) 大气环境。依据资源环境领域中涉及大气部分的数据分类[12],将大气环境分为气体、温度、湿度、风流、煤尘等。
7) 地质环境。依据地质环境健康适宜性评价指标体系和煤矿建设施工现场情况[13],将地质环境分为:煤层厚度、结构及其稳定性、煤层顶、底板岩石及其稳定性,水文地质条件,地温地质条件等因素等。
8) 文本资料。依据矿建活动各阶段的施工任务,将文本资料划分为建设前期资料、项目施工资料、项目监理资料、项目竣工资料、竣工验收相关资料五类,每个大类又可细分为小类。
采用自底向上的构建方式,分为建设材料、评价指标、空间位置和施工方法共4类实体类型;采用自顶向下的构建方式,分为生产人员、施工作业、安全管理、机具设备、工程项目、大气环境、地质环境和文本资料共8类实体类型,共计12类实体类型。
围绕施工任务、人员组织、空间组织和实体之间关系扩展本文关系类型,构建三元组,以最大限度识别煤矿安全管理领域的关系类型 。由此,将煤矿建设安全领域的关系类型概括为使用、任务、编制、审批、生产、装备、包含、取值、间距、测定,共10种关系类型。
根据上述实体类型、关系类型的分析,得到煤矿建设安全领域知识结构模式如图3所示,矩形框为实体类型,带文字的箭头为关系类型,2实体间的箭头为关系方向。
在陈煜朋等[14]提出的煤矿安全标准体系基础上,从人员在煤矿安全管理中的影响角度出发,提出煤矿建设安全标准规范多层分类框架体系,如图4所示。
煤矿建设安全标准体依据适用范围逐层细化原则,划分为基础、通用以及专用3层标准。
第1层:基础标准是煤矿建设安全管理的通用标准,包括有关术语、符号、标志以及煤矿安全建设过程中所涉及的基础标准。
第2层:通用标准是针对煤矿建设安全管理过程中某类标准化对象共性建立的标准,划分为煤矿安全、煤矿重大灾害防治、安全行为、职业健康与卫生4类标准[15],从不同的角度保障煤矿建设领域的安全。①煤矿安全管理标准是对煤矿安全管理方面的通用规定,从风险控制和过程控制角度,对煤矿生产全过程提出总体要求,统一各阶段的安全标准与判定方法;②煤矿重大灾害防治从井工煤矿和露天煤矿2方面,明确施工过程中的施工工艺、施工方法和灾害防治的标准类型;③安全行为标准围绕管理要素“人”展开,规范和约束从业人员工作要求和工作职责从制度和考核等多方面;④职业健康与卫生标准是从煤矿作为高危行业,员工的安全与健康是企业关注的重点。
第3层:专用标准是针对通用标准某个方面的细化和补充,根据内容性质,分为强制性标准和推荐性标准。
从标准规范文本中,筛选出现行与煤矿建设安全领域相关的国家标准、地方规程或行业标准,共80篇标准规范。通过文本预处理,剔除无法转化成text格式的文本数据,最终用于构建KG规范为43篇。根据数据源发布机构和作用范围可以划分为煤矿安全的法律法规体系和技术标准体系。安全生产法规体系是国家为保护劳动者在劳动过程中的安全和健康制定的各种法律、法规及标准规范的综合;煤矿安全技术标准是为贯彻执行煤矿安全法律法规设立的标准框架体系。部分煤矿建设安全领域标准规范体系示例,具体见表1
实体抽取是指从原始的非结构化的文本资料中,识别出有价值的命名实体。
针对结构化和半结构化数据源,如标准规范中的表格数据和具体分类条文,直接进行实体转化,其余实例通过构建规则或机器学习方式抽取。针对非结构化且具有较为明显的描述特征的数据类型,如标准规范属于词汇中涉及实例,通过分析文本描述特征人工构建规则利用程序自动提取。标准规范中包含当量领域内相关术语的定义或解释的条款,用以说明该规范中特定词语的含义,将此类条款称为术语解释类条款。术语解释条款在标准规范中的位置分为2种情况:①部分标准规范中专门使用一章定义术语;②标准规范全文都是各种专用术语的解释条款。第1种情况表述的结构特征为:<主要名词解释\术语和定义><术语><解释说明>或者<条目编号><术语><解释说明>或<条目编号><术语>[是指]<解释说明>;第2种情况表述上具有的结构特征为:<条目编号><术语>[英文]<解释说明>。据此,从42 部标准规范中共筛选出665条术语类条文。
针对没有较为明显的结构特征的非结构化文本,采用BERT-BiLSTM-CRF深度学习模型,抽取相应实体。该模型首先通过预训练学习实体标注规则,实现文本自动标注,依据标注结果进行实体抽取。采用BIO规范标注,其中“B为某概念”作为从属于该概念的实体首字标签;“I为某概念”作为从属于该概念的实体其它字标签;“O”为非实体字及符号的标签。BERT-BiLSTM-CRF模型主要分3个模块:
1) BERT的词向量表示、BiLSTM的上下文特征学习和CRF的最大标签序列输出。BERT是基于注意力机制的双向编码预训练语言模型,在进行训练时会随机的掩盖一部分信息,通过预测掩盖信息,完成上下文学习,然后输出文本的向量化表示。
2) BiLSTM模型解决了LSTM模型无法同时处理上下文信息的问题,模型通过将前向输出结果和反向输出结果相结合,实现对数据集合的特征提取。以煤矿施工为例,正向 LSTML输入字符煤、矿、施、工字向量为{ha1ha2ha3ha4},反向LSTMR输入字符工、施、矿、煤字向量为{hb1hb2hb3hb4}。将相同字符编译的隐藏层状态进行拼接,得到编码结果为{h1h2h3h4}。
3) CRF层将上一层BiLSTM的输出得分作为输入,考虑各字标签间的约束关系,比较每个字标签的得分与字标签间转移得分,计算标签序列的出现概率,从中选取出现概率最大的序列作为最优序列(B-/I-/O)。
工程项目、生产人员和安全管理类实体,可根据已有分类体系直接确定实体范围,此步骤共筛选获得领域词汇792个。基于标准规范中的结构化内容也可直接筛选获得,此步骤共筛选获得领域词汇1 157个。基于规则的实体抽取是一种确定性的信息抽取方法,通过预先确定的规则来匹配文本,符合规则的信息即可抽取作为实体,该过程共转化2 293个实体。
为确定所用模型的合理性,对比分析BiLSTM-CRF模型与本文模型的结果,见表2。对比结果可知:BERT-BiLSTM-CRF模型的准确率、召回率和综合评价指标(F1值),BiLSTM-CRF模型均高出7%以上,具有明显优势。
因数据源均为标准规范,实体关系类型较为清晰,因此,采用基于规则的方法进行关系抽取。根据2.2节定义的10种关系类型,搜寻标准规范中的实体关系类型意思相同的实体,共获得2 051个关系。最后将得到的实体和关系添加到START_ID及END_ID,输出到csv文件。
Neo4j是一种图数据库,由节点、属性、关系、标签和数据浏览器5部分构成,构成数 据库中所有元素都用节点和关系表示,关系连接2个节点构成图。节点和关系有1个或者多个自己的标签,以“名称:值”键值对的形式存在。Neo4j采用图数据库查询语言实现图数据查询和更新。本研究构建的实体和关系的 标签均来自3.1和 3.2节确定的实体和关系类型,利用 LOAD CSV 命 令将识别出的实体和关系CSV文件批量导入 。基于前文的知识抽取与知识导入工作,共得到11 933实体,2 051个关系。
构建后的KG如图5所示,其中,实体用圆圈表示,关系用带箭头的线段表示。
基于KG构建的知识问答系统,用自然语言的方式将答案精准推送给用户。问答系统整体架构主要分为2部分:基于常见问题集合的问答和基于KG的图关系展示[16]。问答系统分为问答实现界面和答案展示界面。用户在问题输入界面提出问题,输入的问题经过终端核心技术处理后,直接跳转至后端呈现答案,终端核心功能为答案展示,展示界面为基于标准规范条文的具体答案,包括该答案所涉及的标准规范具体条款内容,以便用户更好地了解安全管理相关的专业知识并解决实际问题;依据重要程度进行领域知识管理,改善了安全管理方式。
1) 从安全管理系统结构和安全隐患风险管理双维度提出煤矿建设安全领域知识的12类实体类型及10类关系类型,形成煤矿建设安全领域知识结构模式。
2) 针对不同类型文本提出不同的抽取方式,形成领域知识抽取综合方法框架,将BERT-BiLSTM-CRF模型引入煤矿文本实体识别领域,与传统方法相比,其在准确率、召回率及F1均提高了7%。
3) 通过知识抽取共获得11 933个实体,2 051个关系,形成了煤矿建设安全领域的KG,构建了基于KG的知识问答系统,为煤矿建设安全管理领域知识运用提供了知识来源。
4) 后续研究会在KG设计及构建方面,融合图像、音频等多模态信息等方面,实现更广泛的场景应用推荐;基于煤矿安全领域的知识管理除知识问答外,探索更多实际应用需求。
  • 国家社会科学基金资助(23BGL277)
  • 江苏省社科基金面上项目资助(22GLB023)
  • 中国矿业大学研究生创新计划项目(2023WLJCRCZL062)
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2024年第34卷第5期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.0835
  • 接收时间:2023-11-21
  • 首发时间:2025-07-14
  • 出版时间:2024-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-21
  • 修回日期:2024-02-22
基金
国家社会科学基金资助(23BGL277)
江苏省社科基金面上项目资助(22GLB023)
中国矿业大学研究生创新计划项目(2023WLJCRCZL062)
作者信息
    1 中国矿业大学 力学与土木工程学院,江苏 徐州 221116
    2 中国矿业大学 安全工程学院,江苏 徐州 221116
    3 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海 200434
    4 中国矿业大学 计算机科学与技术学院,江苏 徐州 221116

通讯作者:

**梁燕翔(1998—),女,江苏盐城人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为深度学习、知识图谱等。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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