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To ensure the safety of the mining ground and underground workers,residents around the industrial square,and the operation of the coal transportation system,real-time monitoring of surface deformation is carried out. An optimized method for acquiring PS points is proposed to enhance the applicability of PS-InSAR technology in settlement monitoring. Firstly,a to total of 26 Sentinel-1A satellite images during the subsidence period of the Industrial Square coal pillar II 513 working face in the Huainan suburban coal mine from October 31,2020,to August 22,2022,were selected. The PS-InSAR technology was used to determine the optimal method for selecting PS point targets. Then,based on this method,the ground subsidence rate and cumulative subsidence of the mining damage protection zone during the mining process of the working face were obtained. Finally,the accuracy of PS-InSAR monitoring was verified based on the measured data of ground leveling points,and the dynamic subsidence of the study area's ground and structures was analyzed. The results show that the dual-threshold method of coherence coefficient and amplitude dispersion index is more suitable for subsidence monitoring in the study area. The maximum detectable subsidence rate in the study area is -26.5 mm/year,and the maximum cumulative subsidence value is -53.7 mm. Additionally,geological hazards related to karst collapse were detected in the northwest of the study area. By using leveling data for accuracy verification,the root mean square error (RMSE) is only 3.8mm,and the coefficient of determination reaches 0.91.

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为保障矿山地面和井下工作人员、工业广场周边居民以及运煤系统运行安全,实时监测地表变形情况,提出永久散射体(PS)点的优化获取方法,以提升PS-合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术在沉降监测中的适用性。首先,选择淮北市郊煤矿工业广场煤柱Ⅱ513工作面开采沉陷期间2020年10月31日—2022年8月22日共26景SAR卫星影像,运用PS-InSAR技术确定最优的PS点目标选取方法;然后,基于该方法获取该工作面回采过程中的开采损害保护区地面沉降速率、累计沉降量;最后,基于地面水准点实测数据验证PS-InSAR监测精度并分析研究区地表及建(构)筑物动态沉降情况。结果表明:相干系数和振幅离差指数双阈值法较适应于研究区沉降监测;研究区内可探测到的最大下沉速率为-26.5 mm/a,最大累计下沉值为-53.7 mm;同时,探测到研究区西北部存在岩溶塌陷地质灾害因素;利用水准数据验证精度,均方根误差(RMSE)仅为3.8 mm,决定系数达到0.91。

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杨可明 (1969—),男,安徽含山人,博士,教授,主要从事高光谱遥感、矿山生态环境与形变遥感监测研究。E-mail :

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杨可明 (1969—),男,安徽含山人,博士,教授,主要从事高光谱遥感、矿山生态环境与形变遥感监测研究。E-mail :

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杨可明 (1969—),男,安徽含山人,博士,教授,主要从事高光谱遥感、矿山生态环境与形变遥感监测研究。E-mail :

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language=CN, label=图8, caption=PS-InSAR与水准测量的累计下沉量回归分析, figureFileSmall=dXjvI9LEl/tHcX0iqq7ZwA==, figureFileBig=Wi2gHkA2gEMqe3GHSKWe1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172490896630236059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591711546896641, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Parameters of working face in the study area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工作面 开采日期 停采日期 平均采
深/m
平均采
厚/m
推进长
度/m
工作面
长度/m
煤层倾
角/(°)
Ⅱ311 2018年2月9日 2019年7月27日 242 3.3 550 240 8~18
Ⅱ513 2021年3月15日 2021年11月15日 264 3.3 330 220 6~18
), ArticleFig(id=1172490896688956317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591711546896641, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究区工作面参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工作面 开采日期 停采日期 平均采
深/m
平均采
厚/m
推进长
度/m
工作面
长度/m
煤层倾
角/(°)
Ⅱ311 2018年2月9日 2019年7月27日 242 3.3 550 240 8~18
Ⅱ513 2021年3月15日 2021年11月15日 264 3.3 330 220 6~18
), ArticleFig(id=1172490896756065183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591711546896641, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of PS with three methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法 阈值 总点数 有效点 准确率/%
γ0 0.8 257 229 89
0.7 446 379 85
0.6 966 705 73
D 0 A 0.5 149 138 93
0.6 382 328 86
0.7 573 395 69
γ0/ D 0 A 0.7/0.6 243 101 95
), ArticleFig(id=1172490896814785441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591711546896641, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

3种方法选点结果统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法 阈值 总点数 有效点 准确率/%
γ0 0.8 257 229 89
0.7 446 379 85
0.6 966 705 73
D 0 A 0.5 149 138 93
0.6 382 328 86
0.7 573 395 69
γ0/ D 0 A 0.7/0.6 243 101 95
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基于最优PS点获取方法的矿山工业广场沉降监测
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杨可明 1 , 李婷婷 1 , 马军 2 , 李亚星 1 , 江克贵 1 , 赵项通 1
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(5): 44-51
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(5): 44-51
基于最优PS点获取方法的矿山工业广场沉降监测
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杨可明1 , 李婷婷1, 马军2, 李亚星1, 江克贵1, 赵项通1
作者信息
  • 1 中国矿业大学(北京) 地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京 100083
  • 2 淮北矿业股份有限公司 通防地测部,安徽 淮北 235000
  • 杨可明 (1969—),男,安徽含山人,博士,教授,主要从事高光谱遥感、矿山生态环境与形变遥感监测研究。E-mail :

Monitoring of settlement in mining industrial square based on optimal PS point acquisition method
Keming YANG1 , Tingting LI1, Jun MA2, Yaxing LI1, Kegui JIANG1, Xiangtong ZHAO1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Earth Science and Surveying Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing),Beijing 100083,China
  • 2 General Defense Geological Survey Department,Huaibei Mining Co.,Ltd.,Huaibei Anhui 235000,China
出版时间: 2024-05-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1436
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为保障矿山地面和井下工作人员、工业广场周边居民以及运煤系统运行安全,实时监测地表变形情况,提出永久散射体(PS)点的优化获取方法,以提升PS-合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术在沉降监测中的适用性。首先,选择淮北市郊煤矿工业广场煤柱Ⅱ513工作面开采沉陷期间2020年10月31日—2022年8月22日共26景SAR卫星影像,运用PS-InSAR技术确定最优的PS点目标选取方法;然后,基于该方法获取该工作面回采过程中的开采损害保护区地面沉降速率、累计沉降量;最后,基于地面水准点实测数据验证PS-InSAR监测精度并分析研究区地表及建(构)筑物动态沉降情况。结果表明:相干系数和振幅离差指数双阈值法较适应于研究区沉降监测;研究区内可探测到的最大下沉速率为-26.5 mm/a,最大累计下沉值为-53.7 mm;同时,探测到研究区西北部存在岩溶塌陷地质灾害因素;利用水准数据验证精度,均方根误差(RMSE)仅为3.8 mm,决定系数达到0.91。

永久散射体(PS)  /  合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)  /  工业广场  /  沉降监测  /  相干系数  /  振幅离差指数

To ensure the safety of the mining ground and underground workers,residents around the industrial square,and the operation of the coal transportation system,real-time monitoring of surface deformation is carried out. An optimized method for acquiring PS points is proposed to enhance the applicability of PS-InSAR technology in settlement monitoring. Firstly,a to total of 26 Sentinel-1A satellite images during the subsidence period of the Industrial Square coal pillar II 513 working face in the Huainan suburban coal mine from October 31,2020,to August 22,2022,were selected. The PS-InSAR technology was used to determine the optimal method for selecting PS point targets. Then,based on this method,the ground subsidence rate and cumulative subsidence of the mining damage protection zone during the mining process of the working face were obtained. Finally,the accuracy of PS-InSAR monitoring was verified based on the measured data of ground leveling points,and the dynamic subsidence of the study area's ground and structures was analyzed. The results show that the dual-threshold method of coherence coefficient and amplitude dispersion index is more suitable for subsidence monitoring in the study area. The maximum detectable subsidence rate in the study area is -26.5 mm/year,and the maximum cumulative subsidence value is -53.7 mm. Additionally,geological hazards related to karst collapse were detected in the northwest of the study area. By using leveling data for accuracy verification,the root mean square error (RMSE) is only 3.8mm,and the coefficient of determination reaches 0.91.

persistent scatterer(PS)  /  interferometry synthetic aperture radar(InSAR)  /  industrial square  /  settlement monitoring  /  coherence coefficient  /  amplitude dispersion index
杨可明, 李婷婷, 马军, 李亚星, 江克贵, 赵项通. 基于最优PS点获取方法的矿山工业广场沉降监测. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (5) : 44 -51 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1436
Keming YANG, Tingting LI, Jun MA, Yaxing LI, Kegui JIANG, Xiangtong ZHAO. Monitoring of settlement in mining industrial square based on optimal PS point acquisition method[J]. China Safety Science Journal(CSSJ), 2024 , 34 (5) : 44 -51 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1436
煤层井工开采会引发地表沉降等采动损害问题,尤其是城市周边的矿山工业广场煤柱压煤开采,会造成煤矿场房与生产设施、城市居民建筑物以及道路等公共建设的沉降甚至破坏[1]。因此,在井下工作面开采的同时,需要采取精确可靠的地表沉降监测方法监测采动影响范围内的重要建(构)筑物[2]。近年来,合成孔径雷达干涉测量(Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar, InSAR)作为一种微波遥感监测新技术,因具有全天时、全天候[3]、非接触式可大面积监测等特点,成为矿区建(构)筑物采动损害和安全评估的重要手段。尤其是永久散射体(Permanent Scatterers, PS)InSAR技术,在监测建(构)筑物区域长时间缓慢沉降中具有显著优势[4]
FERRETTI等[5-6]于1999年提出PS-InSAR技术,此后又验证了PS-InSAR技术的优势,发现PS-InSAR技术更适合进行城市范围等建筑物较多地区地面及建(构)筑物的沉降监测或安全评价。黄长军等[7]通过获取煤矿开采的时序沉降场揭示了矿区沉降漏斗的发展和演化情况;ZHENG Meinan等[8]采用PS-InSAR技术计算出波兰西南部某硬煤盆地地区地表位移;KHAN等[9]利用PSInSAR技术监测了巴基斯坦北部阿伯塔巴德市的地面沉降。
以上研究证明了PS-InSAR技术用于矿区地表沉降监测的可行性,但不同选取方法选出的PS点的稳定性和可靠性不同,从而影响PS-InSAR技术的监测精度。鉴于此,笔者拟以淮北市郊煤矿工业广场煤柱的Ⅱ513工作面采动影响范围为研究区,依据基于最优PS点目标的PS-InSAR监测技术,对矿山工业广场进行沉降监测与分析,以期提高PS-InSAR技术在矿区开采沉降监测与安全评价应用中的精确性和可靠性。
PS-InSAR技术的主要思想是:对于同一地区不同时间的多幅SAR影像,通过分析影像的幅度信息,选出不受时空失相干和大气效应影响的像元作为PS点目标,利用这些PS点建模求解线性形变速率、高程改正误差、大气延迟相位等形变信息,从而反演研究区域地表形变。
覆盖同一区域不同时相的N+1景SAR影像,选取其中一幅作为主影像,形成N幅干涉图;先去除平地效应相位,再引入外部数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model, DEM)数据去除地形相位后,第x幅差分干涉图的剩余相位表示为:
Δ φ x = φ t + φ d + φ a + φ n
式中: φ t为因外部不精确的DEM所引起的残余地形相位; φ d为因地表发生位移引起的形变相位;φa为雷达成像时大气状态所引起的延迟相位;φn为随机噪声相位。
用合适的方法提取PS点后,通过对PS点建模,求解出模型参数[10]。在只考虑线性形变前提下,形变速度增量Δv和高程误差增量Δε可通过整体相位相干系数最大化来估计。以二维周期图[5]或者空间搜索等[11]优化方法,通过模型解算出Δv和Δε后,再利用最小二乘法解算出线性沉降速率和高程误差。将解算的线性形变和高程误差从原始差分干涉图上减掉后得到残余相位,可通过时间域上的高通滤波及空间域上的低通滤波分离出残余相位中的大气延迟相位和非线性形变相位,从而得到最终的形变相位,解算地面沉降速率。
采用相干系数来衡量干涉相位噪声水平[12]N+1幅图像形成的N个干涉对,逐像元差分形成干涉相位图后,计算干涉对的相干系数γ。实际计算中,首先确定窗口范围,再计算窗口的γ,公式:
γ = | i = 1 m j = 1 s M ( i j ) S * ( i j ) | i = 1 m j = 1 n M ( i j ) | 2 i = 1 m j = 1 n S ( i j ) | 2
式中:MS分别为主辅影像信息块;ms分别为窗口的行、列数;ij为像元坐标。
振幅离差指数法是由Ferretti等[6]提出。假设SAR复数影像的实部和虚部分别存在标准差为 σ n的高斯噪声,对于高信噪比目标则振幅值A服从高斯分布。且当 σ n g时,存在下式:
σ A σ n R = σ n I
则振幅离差指数 D A可被估计为
σ v σ n I g σ A m A = D A
式中: σ A σ n R σ n I σ v分别为振幅的标准差、实部的标准差、虚部的标准差、相位的标准差;g为目标的反射能量; m A为振幅的时序均值。
相干系数阈值法可更直观地用于选择PS点,该方法对于N个干涉对取得的相干系数γ,取平均值作为总的时序相干系数。设定γ阈值,总的时序相干系数若大于阈值,该目标被选择为PS点。振幅离差指数阈值法用来选择PS点的思想与相干系数阈值法类似。采用相干系数阈值法选点时对影像数量没有要求,选点效率高,但该方法的弊端是目标像元易受周围因素的影响。有2个因素会影响最终的PS点目标选择结果:一是窗口大小的确定,窗口大小对估计相干系数有直接影响。大的窗口会令结果更加可靠,但会降低分辨率,漏选孤立且有效的目标;二是阈值大小的确定,阈值设定过高会难以提取周围存在少数噪声的有效目标,降低选点的有效性。阈值设定过低会误选周围存在失相干像元的目标,降低选点的可靠性。
结合振幅离差指数阈值和相干系数值的双阈值法,可克服相干系数阈值法存在的弊端,即不仅考虑PS点的强散射特性,且考虑其稳定性。在实现过程中,PS点将经过2次筛选。第1次筛选时,给定相干系数阈值,相干系数大于设定阈值的PS点被保留,作为初选点等待再次筛选;第2次筛选时,给定振幅离差指数阈值,小于设定阈值的初选点为优选PS点,作为最终PS点。相干系数和振幅离差指数双阈值法能够解决相干系数阈值法错判目标点的问题,并且经过振幅离差指数阈值2次筛选的PS点的相干系数均值会明显高于单阈值的相干系数阈值法筛选的结果。另外,采用相干系数阈值初选PS点能够减少第2次筛选的对象数量,使筛选更具有针对性,效率更高。
研究区位于淮北市郊煤矿工业广场北部的压煤工作面开采下采动影响区域,布设了Ⅱ311、Ⅱ513共2个采煤工作面,现均已完成开采,工作面参数见表1。研究区地表主要是煤矿工业广场内办公和生产建筑、电厂重要建筑物、工业广场周边人居住房、道路等公共设施以及水体与少量植被,其与井下开采工作面的平面位置关系如图1所示。
采用2020年10月31日—2022年8月22日期间(共660天)的欧空局Sentinel-1A数据,获取26景SAR影像。综合时间基线、空间基线和多普勒中心等因素,基于三基线和最小原则[13],选择日期为2021年3月12日的影像作为公共主影像,其他影像为副影像,组成25个影像对,在外部DEM数据辅助下,去除地形相位和平地效应相位后得到差分干涉图。
PS-InSAR技术的核心是识别具有稳定雷达散射特性的PS点目标。共采用4种方法进行PS点优选试验,选取图1中具有代表意义的标注部分作为试验区域,试验结果如图2所示。设置不同相干系数阈值γ0和振幅离差指数阈值 D A 0,试验区获得的PS点总数和选点准确率见表2,其中,有效点是指落在建筑屋顶、道路等硬目标区域的点。综合不同方法选点的总数和准确率2个指标,图2a中,相干系数阈值取0.7;图2b中,振幅离差指数阈值取0.6;图2c是以振幅阈值取10.5初选,振幅离差指数阈值取0.6精选;图2d是以相干系数阈值取0.7初选,振幅离差指数阈值取0.6精选。
图2a中,PS点总体呈现区域状分布,仅有少量PS点单独出现,这是由相干系数法计算原理决定的。采用相干系数阈值法筛选时,建筑屋顶、道路等目标被识别为PS点,水体几乎没有PS点分布,植被和矿区裸土有少量PS点分布。该方法能够很好地识别建筑屋顶、硬化路面等硬目标,但是,植被、裸土等不稳定目标还需要其他方法帮助判除;图2b中,PS点在整个试验区域内分布均衡,稳定性好的建筑屋顶、硬化路面能够较好地被识别为PS点,但是水体区域也有PS点出现。这是由于这些区域存在个别像元的振幅标准差较小,导致该像元振幅离差指数较小;图2c中,较低的振幅阈值可以避免水体等散射强度较低的地方出现PS点。振幅离差指数阈值剔除植被、矿区裸土等稳定性不好区域的PS点,因此,PS点误选率较低。但是,该方法选出的PS点数量最少、密度最低,且计算耗时最长。图2d的PS点分布较为均衡,主要集中在建筑和道路等稳定区域,植被和裸土等区域几乎没有误选点。
采用文中的相干系数和振幅离差指数双阈值法提取的PS点的可靠性明显高于前2种单阈值方法,但是,仍能看到个别PS点出现在水体区域。这是因为相干系数阈值和振幅离差指数阈值的选择与研究区情况不完全匹配,导致不能将后向散射强度弱的区域直接筛选掉,可通过调整阈值实现挑选出足够数量和质量的PS点的同时筛选掉不稳定区域的目标。总体而言,该方法结果可靠,计算耗时短,点目标密度高,并且可以根据不同研究区情况调节双阈值参数实现灵活最优选点,是适宜作为矿区监测研究的PS点选取方法。
选择相干系数和振幅离差指数双阈值法提取PS点目标,经多次调整,确定设置参数为相干系数阈值取0.7,振幅离差指数阈值取0.6。图3图4分别为2020年10月31日—2022年8月22日期间的下沉速率图和累计下沉值图。图3中,共有8 396个PS点,点密度达到2 332个/km2。从图3中可以看出,总体上PS点分布的位置距离Ⅱ513工作面越近,下沉速率和累计下沉值越大;研究区内能监测到的最大沉降速率为-26.5mm/a,最大累计沉降值为-53.7mm。此外,从图3图4中可以发现,在研究区的西北部也产生了不明沉降,在观测期间此处最大累计沉降已超过-30mm。经查阅矿区地质调查报告,得知此处存在岩溶地质结构,采动影响了地下水分布,导致地质条件发生改变而引起较明显沉降。
为分析Ⅱ513工作面开采对保护区内的重要建(构)筑物是否产生变形损害和运营安全影响,依据优选获取的重要建(构)筑物位置PS点目标(图1),选取工业广场内电厂晾水塔(A1—A2点)、电厂机房附近房屋(B点)、绞车房(C点)和硬化路面与铁路线(D1—D6点)4种重点监测区域典型点位,进行时序沉降分析。A1—A2、B、C、D1—D6点动态的累计下沉值随时间变化情况如图5所示。
图5a可知:晾水塔两侧的A1、A2点在2021年4月5日之前有微小沉降,但总体趋于稳定。2021年4月5日—2021年12月13日期间A1点有较为剧烈的下沉。2021年12月13日—2022年4月24日期间A1点下沉仍在继续但较为缓慢,沉降进入衰退期;2022年4月24日后,2点的累计沉降量均无明显增加,地表沉降趋于稳定。Ⅱ513工作面开始开采(2021年3月5日)前的微小沉降可能是受到Ⅱ311工作面(收作时间为2019年7月27日)残余沉降的影响。A1、A2这2点的沉降情况与Ⅱ513工作面开采时间相符合,2021年4月5日后,A1点才被监测到剧烈下沉。晾水塔受到了Ⅱ513工作面开采沉陷的影响,A1点由于更加靠近Ⅱ513工作面,受到的影响更加显著。晾水塔北侧A1点在观测期间累计下沉量为-26.9mm,晾水塔南侧A2点在观测期间累计下沉量为-13.7mm。A1点和A2点间距为31.46m,根据2点沉降差值与2点间距可计算基础倾斜率,晾水塔南北向(A1—A2)的基础倾斜率最大为-0.000 5,向A1点方向倾斜,且在监测期间呈增大趋势。
图5b可知:工业广场电厂机房附近房屋角点B点最大累计下沉值为-7.9mm,最终累计下沉值为-7.0mm;累计下沉趋势与实际监测数据相吻合;从图5c看出,远离Ⅱ513工作面采空区的绞车房C角点累计沉降量在-5~4mm之间下沉与抬升波动,主要表现为季节性的夏秋季抬升、冬春季下降,这是热胀冷缩和PS-InSAR技术监测误差共同影响的结果,其中误差来源主要包括大气因素、轨道误差因素和DEM误差因素。从C点的累计下沉量变化趋势和C点与Ⅱ513工作面的平面距离来看,该区域几乎不受开采沉陷的影响。
图5d可知:D6点在监测期间累计下沉值无明显变化,不受开采沉陷影响;D5点累计下沉值有所起伏,但变动幅度和最终累计下沉量均不超过10mm;D1—D4这4个点的最大累计下沉量分别达到-33.6、-25.2、-20.7、-14.8mm。但是根据D1—D4 4个点与Ⅱ513工作面采空区的距离推算,沉降的主要原因不是Ⅱ513工作面开采引起的。经查阅资料得知此处存在岩溶地质构建,Ⅱ513工作面开采产生了采空区后会造成地下水位的重新分布,因此,引发岩溶地层处的较大沉降,监测结果显示岩溶沉降范围和程度体现在:研究区西部硬化道路的D4点以北区域沉陷显著。
依据地面高程实测水准数据与PS-InSAR技术监测沉降量对比,进行双阈值法可行性验证和应用精度评价。水准测量点位如图6所示。工业广场西北的铁路线上布设了A1—A11点,电厂晾水塔北部布设了B1—B4点,晾水塔和电厂机房等重要建(构)筑物上及周围布设了J1—J20点,共计35个水准测量点。由于PS-InSAR技术获取的是高相干像元的形变信息,这些像元的位置与水准测量点位往往不一致。为保证精度验证的客观性,采用PS-InSAR结果的多点均值与水准测量值对比,即以水准测量点为中心,选取半径为50m的圆形区域内的所有高相干点目标累计下沉值的均值[14],与水准测量的累计下沉值对比。
布设的35个点位在2020年10月11日—2022年8月22日期间水准测量的累计下沉值与PS-InSAR监测的累计下沉值对比如图7所示。该35个点的均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error, RMSE)计算结果为16.0mm。从图7可以看出,A10、J9、B1、B2、B3 5个点的水准和PS-InSAR监测值相差较大(其差值分别为33.5、26.7、-34.6、-39.3、-51.5mm),但其他30个点位差值均较小,拟合结果较好。这5个点存在问题的原因是:① B1、B2、B3 3点距离Ⅱ513工作面很近,下沉梯度较大,超过了C波段Sentinel-1A数据所能监测到的最大下沉梯度1.4mm/m,造成PS-InSAR处理过程存在失相干问题,从而造成监测结果错误。② A10、J9 2点的水准测量累计下沉值异常升高,经查阅水准测量记录得知:由于A10点于2021年12月29日前被破坏,J9点于Ⅱ513工作面开采(2021年3月15日)前被破坏,虽然后来补建后再测,但所观测的数据已没有实际意义,也不能用于验证PS-InSAR监测结果。因此,剔除PS-InSAR监测失相干的B1、B2、B3点和水准实测值无意义的A10、J9点后,重新计算的RMSE为3.84mm。
为进一步评价双阈值法PS-InSAR监测结果精度,在剔除上述5个监测点后,对2020年10月11日—2022年8月22日期间的PS-InSAR累计下沉值与水准测量累计下沉值进行回归分析,结果如图8所示。得到的回归模型具有高拟合优度,呈现很强的线性关系,其决定系数R2达到0.91。证明利用双阈值法优先PS点后的PS-InSAR技术应用于监测工业广场等保护区地面以及建(构)筑物沉降,结果是可靠的,能够满足实际应用需求。
1) 研究区内的重点监测对象(如电厂晾水塔等)不同程度地受到Ⅱ513工作面开采的影响。安全保护区内可探测到的最大下沉速率为-26.5mm/a,最大累计下沉值为-53.7mm。此外,研究区西北部由岩溶塌陷造成的沉降被探测出来。
2) 经过与实测水准数据的精度验证,证明基于双阈值法的PS-InSAR技术在矿区地表沉降监测应用方面结果可靠,精度较高,RMSE值仅为3.84mm,决定系数R2达到0.91,具有实际应用的可行性。
3) 耦合相干系数与振幅离差指数的双阈值法适用于矿区工业广场区域及建(构)筑物的沉降监测。
  • 国家科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY101905)
  • 淮北矿业股份有限公司委托项目(2023-129)
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2024年第34卷第5期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1436
  • 接收时间:2023-11-18
  • 首发时间:2025-07-14
  • 出版时间:2024-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-18
  • 修回日期:2024-02-20
基金
国家科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY101905)
淮北矿业股份有限公司委托项目(2023-129)
作者信息
    1 中国矿业大学(北京) 地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京 100083
    2 淮北矿业股份有限公司 通防地测部,安徽 淮北 235000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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