Article(id=1151591707360506380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1151591705854751239, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)05-0168-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1680, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1700409600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-20, revisedDate=1708963200000, revisedDateStr=2024-02-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752490458573, onlineDateStr=2025-07-14, pubDate=1716825600000, pubDateStr=2024-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752490458573, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752490458573, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752490458573, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1151591705854751239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='251', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752490458214, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757398693384, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172178336315985942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1151591705854751239, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172178336315985943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1151591705854751239, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=168, endPage=174, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151591707633136142, articleId=1151591707360506380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Cloud model for risk evaluation of coal mine intelligent projects and its application, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal(CSSJ), columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the problems of difficulty in quantifying the indicators and difficulty in taking into account randomness and fuzziness in the evaluation process of the risk of the coal mine intelligentization project,the cloud model theory was adopted to carry out a quantitative and comprehensive evaluation of the system. First of all,based on the coal mine informationization system construction project,a multi-dimensional analysis was carried out to establish a multi-indicator and multi-dimensional evaluation system of the project risk. Then,the combination of hierarchical analysis (AHP) method and criteria importance though intercrieria correlation (CRITIC) method was used to assign weights,determine the weight matrix of the indicators,and the cloud model was used to realize the conversion between the quantitative and qualitative indicators,to complete the evaluation of the risk of the coal mine intelligence project,and to put forward the targeted policy according to the evaluation results. The cloud model was used to realize the quantitative and qualitative conversion of indicators,complete the risk evaluation of the coal mine intelligentization project,and put forward targeted policies based on the evaluation results to minimize the existing risks of the project. Finally,taking a coal mine of National Energy Group as an example,the risk evaluation of the construction and implementation process of coal mine intelligentization project was carried out. The results show that the cloud model can realize the quantitative evaluation of project risks,and the results of risk evaluation coincide with the actual situation on the site; the results of risk evaluation can help to solve the hidden risks on the site and improve the ability of risk control.

, correspAuthors=Kaigong ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Changming LI, Kaigong ZHAO, Xiaolei ZHANG, Ruidi WANG, Yansu LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1151591723324027468, articleId=1151591707360506380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=煤矿智能化项目风险评价云模型及其应用, columnId=1149733269727526997, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全工程技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决煤矿智能化项目风险评价过程中,指标量化困难和评价系统难以兼顾随机性和模糊性的问题,采用云模型理论,对系统进行定量综合评价。首先,基于煤矿智能化系统建设项目进行多维度分析,建立项目风险多指标多维度的评价体系;然后,运用层次分析法(AHP)确定主观权重,CRITIC法确定客观权重,通过组合赋权方式确定指标权重矩阵;采用云模型实现指标定量与定性之间的转换,完成煤矿智能化项目的风险评价,并根据评价结果提出针对性的政策建议,最大程度降低项目现有风险;最后,以国家能源集团某煤矿为例,开展煤矿智能化项目建设和实施过程的风险评价,验证文中所提方法的科学性和有效性。结果表明:云模型可定量评价煤矿智能化项目风险,评价结果有助于化解现场风险隐患,提高风险管控能力,且具有一定的科学性和有效性。

, correspAuthors=赵开功, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**赵开功(1981—),男,山东济宁人,主要从事应急救援、职业健康、安全信息化和安全生产理论与技术等方面的研究。E-mail:
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李长明 (1993—),男,黑龙江齐齐哈尔人,硕士,工程师,主要从事安全生产项目建设与管理工作。E-mail:

赵开功 高级工程师

张晓蕾 高级工程师

王睿迪 工程师

李严肃 工程师

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李长明 (1993—),男,黑龙江齐齐哈尔人,硕士,工程师,主要从事安全生产项目建设与管理工作。E-mail:

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李长明 (1993—),男,黑龙江齐齐哈尔人,硕士,工程师,主要从事安全生产项目建设与管理工作。E-mail:

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张晓蕾 高级工程师

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王睿迪 工程师

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王睿迪 工程师

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李严肃 工程师

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Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2019, 4(1):41-49., articleTitle=Evaluation of the effect of water infusion of coal seams based on drifting degree and uncertainty measurement model, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1172490647819927764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591707360506380, awardId=2018YFC08008300, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2018YFC08008300), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1172490643759841433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591707360506380, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172490643764035738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591707360506380, companyId=1172490643759841433, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 National Energy Network Information Technology (Beijing) Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100011,China), 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departmentName=null, remark=3 中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1172490646465167558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591707360506380, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Project risk management index system, figureFileSmall=rM8opPHGUZy/KTf2Y5EgjQ==, figureFileBig=b0vQ+FOQYrp3OGlVIy1zoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172490646549053639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591707360506380, language=CN, label=图1, caption=项目风险管控指标体系, figureFileSmall=rM8opPHGUZy/KTf2Y5EgjQ==, figureFileBig=b0vQ+FOQYrp3OGlVIy1zoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172490646607773896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591707360506380, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Modeling process of project risk management, figureFileSmall=5zDUuE/dtns6Ogf5RgvbbQ==, figureFileBig=r9uO+7H0PBPcbFZa/RcBrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172490646670688457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591707360506380, language=CN, label=图2, caption=云模型项目风险管控评价流程, figureFileSmall=5zDUuE/dtns6Ogf5RgvbbQ==, figureFileBig=r9uO+7H0PBPcbFZa/RcBrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172490646741991626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591707360506380, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Standard hierarchical cloud model, figureFileSmall=RTM4ZF2ZEQRDvfwHr7L4eA==, figureFileBig=EF5OUj3hjg3IvNxvjfMfbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172490646838460619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591707360506380, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各指标等级综合云模型, figureFileSmall=RTM4ZF2ZEQRDvfwHr7L4eA==, figureFileBig=EF5OUj3hjg3IvNxvjfMfbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172490646905569484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591707360506380, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Complexity and interface T3 generalization cloud, figureFileSmall=eXvKlOIUFRg4t9PHbGbyyg==, figureFileBig=UaCtUtHJyeJRkpPHyb5eSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172490647002038477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591707360506380, language=CN, label=图4, caption=复杂性和界面T3指标云模型, figureFileSmall=eXvKlOIUFRg4t9PHbGbyyg==, figureFileBig=UaCtUtHJyeJRkpPHyb5eSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172490647081730254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591707360506380, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Results of weighting calculations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 AHP分析结果 CRITIC分析结果 组合权重
特征向量 权重 变异性 冲突性 权重
需求T1 0.557 4 0.061 2 0.427 1.029 0.071 4 0.074
技术T2 0.842 2 0.090 8 0.452 0.758 0.081 8 0.127
复杂性和界面T3 0.346 2 0.037 3 0.437 1.068 0.054 15 0.034
绩效与可靠性T4 0.423 9 0.041 4 0.423 0.657 0.039 24 0.028
质量T5 0.646 4 0.063 3 0.448 0.748 0.061 03 0.066
供应商E1 0.773 3 0.077 9 0.443 1.037 0.062 86 0.083
管理规定E2 0.595 6 0.058 0.441 0.914 0.037 82 0.037
市场E3 0.620 7 0.067 5 0.444 0.558 0.062 37 0.072
客户E4 0.493 3 0.049 8 0.455 0.605 0.062 11 0.053
气候E5 0.827 3 0.088 6 0.468 0.887 0.079 03 0.119
项目依赖关系O1 0.496 4 0.042 3 0.446 0.758 0.041 28 0.03
资源O2 0.504 1 0.050 6 0.42 0.933 0.056 72 0.049
资金O3 0.480 7 0.048 2 0.444 0.701 0.048 7 0.04
有限度O4 0.376 3 0.035 6 0.442 0.469 0.044 35 0.027
估算M1 0.456 2 0.046 1 0.429 0.468 0.047 66 0.037
计划编制M2 0.361 8 0.036 4 0.428 0.523 0.039 96 0.025
控制M3 0.525 1 0.050 9 0.433 0.543 0.041 23 0.036
沟通M4 0.547 1 0.054 3 0.442 1.598 0.068 26 0.063
), ArticleFig(id=1172490647161422031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591707360506380, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

权重计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 AHP分析结果 CRITIC分析结果 组合权重
特征向量 权重 变异性 冲突性 权重
需求T1 0.557 4 0.061 2 0.427 1.029 0.071 4 0.074
技术T2 0.842 2 0.090 8 0.452 0.758 0.081 8 0.127
复杂性和界面T3 0.346 2 0.037 3 0.437 1.068 0.054 15 0.034
绩效与可靠性T4 0.423 9 0.041 4 0.423 0.657 0.039 24 0.028
质量T5 0.646 4 0.063 3 0.448 0.748 0.061 03 0.066
供应商E1 0.773 3 0.077 9 0.443 1.037 0.062 86 0.083
管理规定E2 0.595 6 0.058 0.441 0.914 0.037 82 0.037
市场E3 0.620 7 0.067 5 0.444 0.558 0.062 37 0.072
客户E4 0.493 3 0.049 8 0.455 0.605 0.062 11 0.053
气候E5 0.827 3 0.088 6 0.468 0.887 0.079 03 0.119
项目依赖关系O1 0.496 4 0.042 3 0.446 0.758 0.041 28 0.03
资源O2 0.504 1 0.050 6 0.42 0.933 0.056 72 0.049
资金O3 0.480 7 0.048 2 0.444 0.701 0.048 7 0.04
有限度O4 0.376 3 0.035 6 0.442 0.469 0.044 35 0.027
估算M1 0.456 2 0.046 1 0.429 0.468 0.047 66 0.037
计划编制M2 0.361 8 0.036 4 0.428 0.523 0.039 96 0.025
控制M3 0.525 1 0.050 9 0.433 0.543 0.041 23 0.036
沟通M4 0.547 1 0.054 3 0.442 1.598 0.068 26 0.063
), ArticleFig(id=1172490647257891024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591707360506380, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Project risk management cloud similarity matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标/云相似度 较差
需求T1 0.500 0.309 0.191 0.309 0.184
技术T2 0.382 0.236 0.146 0.236 0.209
复杂性和界面T3 0.390 0.447 0.276 0.447 0.227
绩效与可靠性T4 0.382 0.236 0.146 0.236 0.209
质量T5 0.333 0.206 0.127 0.206 0.222
供应商E1 0.495 0.382 0.236 0.382 0.223
管理规定E2 0.539 0.333 0.206 0.333 0.231
市场E3 0.567 0.350 0.217 0.319 0.162
客户E4 0.333 0.206 0.127 0.206 0.222
气候E5 0.539 0.333 0.206 0.333 0.231
项目依赖关系O1 0.567 0.350 0.217 0.319 0.162
资源O2 0.539 0.333 0.206 0.333 0.231
资金O3 0.255 0.539 0.333 0.552 0.255
有限度O4 0.333 0.206 0.127 0.206 0.222
估算M1 0.539 0.333 0.206 0.333 0.231
计划编制M2 0.447 0.276 0.171 0.276 0.207
控制M3 0.333 0.206 0.127 0.206 0.222
沟通M4 0.382 0.236 0.146 0.236 0.209
), ArticleFig(id=1172490647387914449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591707360506380, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

项目风险管控云相似度矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标/云相似度 较差
需求T1 0.500 0.309 0.191 0.309 0.184
技术T2 0.382 0.236 0.146 0.236 0.209
复杂性和界面T3 0.390 0.447 0.276 0.447 0.227
绩效与可靠性T4 0.382 0.236 0.146 0.236 0.209
质量T5 0.333 0.206 0.127 0.206 0.222
供应商E1 0.495 0.382 0.236 0.382 0.223
管理规定E2 0.539 0.333 0.206 0.333 0.231
市场E3 0.567 0.350 0.217 0.319 0.162
客户E4 0.333 0.206 0.127 0.206 0.222
气候E5 0.539 0.333 0.206 0.333 0.231
项目依赖关系O1 0.567 0.350 0.217 0.319 0.162
资源O2 0.539 0.333 0.206 0.333 0.231
资金O3 0.255 0.539 0.333 0.552 0.255
有限度O4 0.333 0.206 0.127 0.206 0.222
估算M1 0.539 0.333 0.206 0.333 0.231
计划编制M2 0.447 0.276 0.171 0.276 0.207
控制M3 0.333 0.206 0.127 0.206 0.222
沟通M4 0.382 0.236 0.146 0.236 0.209
), ArticleFig(id=1172490647513743570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591707360506380, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of evaluation of project risk management and control

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/等级 较差
2019年9月 0.445 211 0.303 829 0.187 781 0.301 1 0.213 721
2020年1月 0.082 142 0.114 38 0.187 64 0.514 3 0.101 538
), ArticleFig(id=1172490647618601171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1151591707360506380, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

项目风险管控评价结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/等级 较差
2019年9月 0.445 211 0.303 829 0.187 781 0.301 1 0.213 721
2020年1月 0.082 142 0.114 38 0.187 64 0.514 3 0.101 538
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煤矿智能化项目风险评价云模型及其应用
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李长明 1 , 赵开功 2, ** , 张晓蕾 3 , 王睿迪 1 , 李严肃 3
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(5): 168-174
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(5): 168-174
煤矿智能化项目风险评价云模型及其应用
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李长明1 , 赵开功2, ** , 张晓蕾3, 王睿迪1, 李严肃3
作者信息
  • 1 国能数智科技开发(北京)有限公司,北京 100011
  • 2 北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院,北京 100083
  • 3 中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083
  • 李长明 (1993—),男,黑龙江齐齐哈尔人,硕士,工程师,主要从事安全生产项目建设与管理工作。E-mail:

    赵开功 高级工程师

    张晓蕾 高级工程师

    王睿迪 工程师

    李严肃 工程师

通讯作者:

**赵开功(1981—),男,山东济宁人,主要从事应急救援、职业健康、安全信息化和安全生产理论与技术等方面的研究。E-mail:
Cloud model for risk evaluation of coal mine intelligent projects and its application
Changming LI1 , Kaigong ZHAO2, ** , Xiaolei ZHANG3, Ruidi WANG1, Yansu LI3
Affiliations
  • 1 National Energy Network Information Technology (Beijing) Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100011,China
  • 2 School of Civil and Resource Engineering,Beijing University of Science and Technology,Beijing 100083,China
  • 3 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China
出版时间: 2024-05-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1680
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为解决煤矿智能化项目风险评价过程中,指标量化困难和评价系统难以兼顾随机性和模糊性的问题,采用云模型理论,对系统进行定量综合评价。首先,基于煤矿智能化系统建设项目进行多维度分析,建立项目风险多指标多维度的评价体系;然后,运用层次分析法(AHP)确定主观权重,CRITIC法确定客观权重,通过组合赋权方式确定指标权重矩阵;采用云模型实现指标定量与定性之间的转换,完成煤矿智能化项目的风险评价,并根据评价结果提出针对性的政策建议,最大程度降低项目现有风险;最后,以国家能源集团某煤矿为例,开展煤矿智能化项目建设和实施过程的风险评价,验证文中所提方法的科学性和有效性。结果表明:云模型可定量评价煤矿智能化项目风险,评价结果有助于化解现场风险隐患,提高风险管控能力,且具有一定的科学性和有效性。

煤矿智能化  /  项目风险评价  /  云模型  /  权重  /  评价等级

In order to solve the problems of difficulty in quantifying the indicators and difficulty in taking into account randomness and fuzziness in the evaluation process of the risk of the coal mine intelligentization project,the cloud model theory was adopted to carry out a quantitative and comprehensive evaluation of the system. First of all,based on the coal mine informationization system construction project,a multi-dimensional analysis was carried out to establish a multi-indicator and multi-dimensional evaluation system of the project risk. Then,the combination of hierarchical analysis (AHP) method and criteria importance though intercrieria correlation (CRITIC) method was used to assign weights,determine the weight matrix of the indicators,and the cloud model was used to realize the conversion between the quantitative and qualitative indicators,to complete the evaluation of the risk of the coal mine intelligence project,and to put forward the targeted policy according to the evaluation results. The cloud model was used to realize the quantitative and qualitative conversion of indicators,complete the risk evaluation of the coal mine intelligentization project,and put forward targeted policies based on the evaluation results to minimize the existing risks of the project. Finally,taking a coal mine of National Energy Group as an example,the risk evaluation of the construction and implementation process of coal mine intelligentization project was carried out. The results show that the cloud model can realize the quantitative evaluation of project risks,and the results of risk evaluation coincide with the actual situation on the site; the results of risk evaluation can help to solve the hidden risks on the site and improve the ability of risk control.

intelligent coal mining  /  project risk evaluate  /  cloud model  /  weights  /  evaluation level
李长明, 赵开功, 张晓蕾, 王睿迪, 李严肃. 煤矿智能化项目风险评价云模型及其应用. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (5) : 168 -174 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1680
Changming LI, Kaigong ZHAO, Xiaolei ZHANG, Ruidi WANG, Yansu LI. Cloud model for risk evaluation of coal mine intelligent projects and its application[J]. China Safety Science Journal(CSSJ), 2024 , 34 (5) : 168 -174 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1680
随着工业化进程的不断深化和能源需求的增加,能源供应安全愈发受到重视。我国富煤贫油少气的资源禀赋条件,导致煤炭资源的消费量占据一次能源消费量的56%[1]。近几年来,自动化控制和人工智能等新技术逐渐成为实现绿色开采、释放优势产能和保障能源安全的重要途径。由于煤矿智能化建设集中在煤炭生产、能源安全和监测系统等智能化改造升级方面,因此,做好智能化项目的风险评价,助力科学决策,达到高级智能化水平,对煤矿智能化建设具有重要意义。
煤矿智能化项目风险评价和管控,具有较强的不确定性因素,针对项目风险的模糊性、随机性和主观性,众多学者开展了系统的研究。如张森等[2]基于质量风险管理法开展项目研发风险管控研究,并建立风险定量量表和风险矩阵,分析航天装备研制项目质量风险因素,显著提高了风险因素管控质量。刘祖容[3]和樊荣[4]等采用模糊综合法,分析总包和建筑类项目的风险,对各项目阶段性风险进行管控,针对该项目各阶段风险提出了应对措施。杨琳等[5]运用风险成熟度模型,探究我国国际工程项目风险管理过程,取得了良好的评价效果。上述研究在风险评价和管控领域取得了一定进展,但在风险管控的核心点上,即评价中项目风险的不确定性和风险判定的自然语言转变为数学语言这一问题并没有较好的解决办法。
鉴于此,笔者将引入云模型,定量评价煤矿智能化项目风险,并进行应用,以期提升项目全流程风险管控水平。
煤矿智能化项目风险评价和管控过程中不确定性主要表现在项目风险识别、风险发生以及影响因素过多难以确定等问题[6-9]
1) 项目风险识别主要依靠项目管理者的过往经验,可能会出现风险识别不完全和过度识别等情况,且识别出来的风险不一定会发生。
2) 项目风险中的影响因素较多,不同因素之间存在互相影响的情况,且定量分析时权重指标难以确定,而在实际建设过程中,影响因素的权重会随着建设阶段的不同发生改变。
3) 项目风险通过自然语言进行定性、定量表达较难,因此,需要将自然语言转换为数学语言。例如:煤矿智能化项目建设会受到管理规章制度的影响,通常会采用影响大、影响小或无影响等词语来表达,无法实现量化表达。
云模型是解决概念上定性与定量转换不确定性的数学模型,通过隶属云来表示系统的模糊性与随机性,其核心是构建云发生器实现定性与定量之间的映射。正态云模型是满足基本数据特征的模型,且符合大数定律,因此,文中选择正态云模型开展项目风险研究。正态云模型通过期望(Ex)、熵(En)和超熵(He)等数字特征表示定量概念,同时也描述了系统的不确定性[10-13]
设评价属性集U={u1u2,…,um},根据实际需要将评语划分为n个等级,则属性ui的评价集为Vi={ v i 1 v i 2,…,vin}。由于样本属性不同,首先,经由特定领域的专家依据以往经验和知识作出科学判断;其次,根据结果建立一组样本,即为云模型中的云滴;最后,使用逆向云发生器生成各级评语的概念云模型。为简化计算,作以下假设:
假设1:评语等级和综合评价评语等级都使用同一区分标准,即评价集为V={v1v2,…,vn}。
假设2:各属性对应各级评语的概念云模型都是正态云模型,记指标ui对应于评语vj的云模型表示为Cij(Exij,EnijHeij)。
将2朵以上且具有同类型的子云模型进行综合,得到1朵新的高层概念的父云模型,即为综合云模型,综合云模型计算过程如下:
E x = k = 1 n E x k × E n k k = 1 n E n k
E n = k = 1 n E n k
H e = k = 1 n H e k × E n k k = 1 n E n k
式中 E x k E n k H e k分别为各一维云模型的数字特征期望、熵和超熵。
假设云模型C1(Ex1En1He1),C2(Ex2En2He2)均在相同的论域上,依据云模型的运算规则,2个云模型相乘的结果C(Ex,En,He)为:
E x = E x 1 E x 2
E n = E x 1 E x 2 E n 1 E x 1 2 + E n 2 E x 2 2
H e = E x 1 E x 2 H e 1 E x 1 2 + H e 2 E x 2 2
设样本属性云为 C * j (E x 1 * jE n 1 * jH e 1 * jE x 2 * jE n 2 * jH e 2 * j,…,E x m j *,E n m j * He m j *),评语 v j的评判云为Cj(E x 1 jE n 1 jH e 1 jE x 2 jE n 2 jH e 2 j,…,Exmj,Enmj,Hemj),NijMij分别为综合云模型的交集和并集,称Kj C j *对于Cj的相似度,计算过程如下:
K j = i = 1 m N i j M i j
N i j = E x i j - 3 E n i j E x i j + 3 E n i j E x i j * - 3 E n i j * E x i j * + 3 E n i j *
M i j = E x i j - 3 E n i j E x i j + 3 E n i j E x i j * - 3 E n i j * E x i j * + 3 E n i j *
计算得出属性云和各评判云的相似度,锁定其中的最大值,其对应的评语就是云模型的评价结果。相应地,还可以根据得出的结果对不同样本的评价结果进行排序。
建立指标体系是评价的核心,文中参考国内外项目管理与风险管控相关研究,结合煤矿领域自身的特点[14],确定项目风险P管控的问题主要集中在技术、外部、组织和管理4个部分,且各部分又可以细化到具体指标,项目风险管控指标体系如图1所示。以技术因素为例,项目中使用大量的新型技术且存在多种技术相耦合的情况,使得项目的风险性增加;相反,项目中使用简单易操作的技术会降低项目的风险性,使项目更容易管控。
根据项目风险评价指标建立多属性指标集,通过建立云等级和借助专家评价进行云处理[15],建立起综合云模型,采用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)[16]和CRITIC法(Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation)[17]确定组合权重。
各指标权重计算如下:
a i = w i v i j = 1 n   w j v j
式中: a i为组合赋权指标权重; w i为AHP确定的主观权重; v i为CRITIC法确定的客观权重。
借助云相似度理论计算指标云模型和各等级综合云模型的云相似度矩阵,并将其与权重矩阵相乘得出评价结果矩阵,从而确定评价等级[18],根据评价等级提出管控建议。云模型项目风险管控评价流程如图2所示。
煤炭企业是综合能源企业纵向一体化运营的起点,煤矿智能化建设是基础[19]。为验证云模型对煤矿智能化项目风险管控评价的准确性,选择国家能源集团某煤矿智能化项目作为评价对象,为一体化综合能源企业安全生产平稳运行探索新方法[20]。该项目属于安全生产优化项目,为判定项目的可执行性和全周期的风险管控,开展风险评价工作,并根据评价结果制定相应的管控措施,保障项目顺利实施。
综合专家意见、现有研究成果和经验知识,利用AHP法确定各指标的主观权重,并对所有底层指标权重进行总排序,根据构造的判断矩阵求得最大特征值为5.354 5,CI值为0.069<0.1,满足一致性检验要求,在此基础上得出指标的特征向量。
标准化处理评价指标数据,确定其原始数据矩阵,分别计算指标变异性、指标冲突性、指标信息量。其中,指标变异性用标准差进行表示,计算如下:
x - j = 1 n i = 1 n x i j
S j = i = 1 n x i j - x - j 2 n - 1
式中: x - j为第j个指标的均值;xij为第j个指标的第i个数值; S j为第j个指标的标准差。
标准差越大表明该指标的数值差异越大,越能反映出更多的信息,并且该指标本身的评价强度也越强,因此,应该给该指标分配更多的权重。
采用相关系数表示指标冲突性,计算如下:
R j = i = 1 m ( 1 - r i j )
式中:Rj为第j个指标的冲突性; r i j为评价指标ij之间的相关系数。
各个指标与某一指标的相关性越强,该指标与其他指标的冲突性越小,反映出相同的信息越多,所能体现的评价内容越有重复之处,在一定程度上削弱该指标的评价强度,因此,应该减少对该指标分配的权重。
指标信息量以指标冲突性和指标变异性的乘积来表示:
C j = S j × R j
式中: S j为第j个指标的标准差; C j为第j个指标的信息量, C j越大越表明第j个评价指标在整个评价指标体系中的作用越大,应该给其分配更多的权重。
利用式(10)确定指标的组合权重,结果见表1
确定指标权重后,利用云模型评价该企业的项目风险管控水平,论域中对定性概念有贡献的定量值绝大部分(约99.74%)落在区间(Ex~3En,Ex~3En)内,依照正态云的3En规则表示评价论域,即可确定云模型的3个基本数字特征,进而得到标准云模型。将各指标评语级分别划分为5级评判标准,评价集记为V={低、较低、中、较高、高}。低C(1.000,0.131,0.026),较低C(0.700,0.081,0.0161),中C(0.500,0.050,0.010),较高C(0.301,0.081,0.016),高C(0.000,0.131,0.026),标准等级云模型如图3所示。
咨询该领域专家,参考已有知识库的数据,运用云模型概化各指标,形成指标云。以复杂性和界面T3为例,其指标云模型如图4所示。
该指标云模型能够实现指标复杂性界面T3的定量和定性之间的描述,该指标专家评价相对复杂,但是前期经验可进行参考,因此,转换该指标,得到各指标云模型,并与标准等级云进行云相似度计算,得到云相似度矩阵,见表2
运用AHP法和CRITIC法得到各指标的综合权重,将相似度矩阵与所得权重相乘,得到5个等级的最终结果(0.445,0.304,0.188,0.301 81,0.214),以此判定企业的项目风险管控水平,结果见表3
由最大隶属度原则确定项目风险评价分值为0.445 2, 项目风险等级为较低。因此,最终确定该项目风险评价等级为较低。
以2019年9月的数据为例,运用模糊综合法[3-4]评价项目风险,所得结果为(0.358、0.349、0.219、0.074、0),由最大隶属度原则,判定项目风险等级为较低;运用未确知测度[21]评价项目风险,所得结果为(0.617,0.126,0.228 5,0.061 5,0),判定项目风险为较低。
1) 采用云模型定量评价项目风险,具有一定的科学性,有助于提高矿山项目风险管控评价的准确性。文中所提方法为开展煤矿智能化项目风险评价提供了一种可操作的评价方法。
2) 文中方法与模糊综合法和未确知测度法评价结果一致,并与现场实际相吻合;该模型可作为智慧城市安全综合管网智能化项目风险评价以及其他领域的项目风险评价提供参考依据。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2018YFC08008300)
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2024年第34卷第5期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1680
  • 接收时间:2023-11-20
  • 首发时间:2025-07-14
  • 出版时间:2024-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-20
  • 修回日期:2024-02-27
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFC08008300)
作者信息
    1 国能数智科技开发(北京)有限公司,北京 100011
    2 北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院,北京 100083
    3 中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083

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**赵开功(1981—),男,山东济宁人,主要从事应急救援、职业健康、安全信息化和安全生产理论与技术等方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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