Article(id=1149754264144228764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)S1-0095-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0040, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710345600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-14, revisedDate=1715875200000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752052377972, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1719676800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752052377972, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752052377972, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752052377972, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149754257689194795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='S1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752052376434, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756362003807, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167830145076311009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167830145076311010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=95, endPage=101, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149754264521716137, articleId=1149754264144228764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Multi-factor influence analysis on ability of cleaning mechanism for frozen and sticky coal under train car for safe operation, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to increase transportation efficiency,improve the safety of workers,and enhance cleaning efficiency,the discrete element modeling-multi-body dynamic simulation (EDEM-RecurDyn) method was proposed to analyze the cleaning ability of the cleaning mechanism. Firstly,EDEM-RecurDyn was used to analyze the stress changes of the hob,and the three factors that affected the stress of the hob were obtained: the rotating speed of the drum,the dragging speed,and the depth of cleaning. The reference range was determined. Then,the response surface was used to carry out the three-factor three-level test,and the cleaning energy consumption ratio was obtained by analyzing rolling. The quadratic fitting polynomial was carried out. Finally,based on Matlab,a particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to solve the parameters. The results show that when the drum speed of the cleaning mechanism is 78 r/min,the traction speed is 0.05 m/s; when the cleaning depth is 100 mm,the cleaning mechanism is subjected to the least resistance and the lowest energy consumption.

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为增加运输效率,提高工作人员的安全性以及提升清理效率,提出以离散元素法建模-多体动力学仿真(EDEM-RecurDyn)方法分析清扫机构的清扫能力。首先,采用EDEM-RecurDyn分析滚刀受力变化,得出影响滚刀受力的3种因素:滚筒的旋转速度、牵引行进速度以及清扫的深度并确定其参考范围;然后,利用响应面进行三因素三水平试验,并分析滚动得出清扫能耗比,对此进行二次拟合多项式;最后,采用Matlab进行粒子群优化算法进行求解得出参数。结果表明:清扫机构在滚筒速度为78 r/min,牵引速度为0.05 m/s,清扫深度为100 mm时,清扫机构所受的阻力最小,能耗为最低值。

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徐 煦 (1983—),男,辽宁绥中人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿智能化及煤矿机电方面的工作。E-mail:

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徐 煦 (1983—),男,辽宁绥中人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿智能化及煤矿机电方面的工作。E-mail:

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徐 煦 (1983—),男,辽宁绥中人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿智能化及煤矿机电方面的工作。E-mail:

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行车安全的火车厢底冻粘煤清扫机构能力多因素影响分析
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徐煦 , 马鹏飞 , 林雪剑 , 刘千山
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(S1): 95-101
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(S1): 95-101
行车安全的火车厢底冻粘煤清扫机构能力多因素影响分析
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徐煦 , 马鹏飞, 林雪剑, 刘千山
作者信息
  • 国能宝日希勒能源有限公司 露天煤矿,内蒙古 呼伦贝尔 021008
  • 徐 煦 (1983—),男,辽宁绥中人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿智能化及煤矿机电方面的工作。E-mail:

Multi-factor influence analysis on ability of cleaning mechanism for frozen and sticky coal under train car for safe operation
Xu XU , Pengfei MA, Xuejian LIN, Qianshan LIU
Affiliations
  • Open Pit Coal Mine,Guoneng Baolixile Energy Co.,Ltd.,Hulun Buir Inner Mongolia 021008,China
出版时间: 2024-06-30 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0040
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为增加运输效率,提高工作人员的安全性以及提升清理效率,提出以离散元素法建模-多体动力学仿真(EDEM-RecurDyn)方法分析清扫机构的清扫能力。首先,采用EDEM-RecurDyn分析滚刀受力变化,得出影响滚刀受力的3种因素:滚筒的旋转速度、牵引行进速度以及清扫的深度并确定其参考范围;然后,利用响应面进行三因素三水平试验,并分析滚动得出清扫能耗比,对此进行二次拟合多项式;最后,采用Matlab进行粒子群优化算法进行求解得出参数。结果表明:清扫机构在滚筒速度为78 r/min,牵引速度为0.05 m/s,清扫深度为100 mm时,清扫机构所受的阻力最小,能耗为最低值。

冻粘煤  /  清扫深度  /  牵引速度  /  切向力  /  联合仿真

In order to increase transportation efficiency,improve the safety of workers,and enhance cleaning efficiency,the discrete element modeling-multi-body dynamic simulation (EDEM-RecurDyn) method was proposed to analyze the cleaning ability of the cleaning mechanism. Firstly,EDEM-RecurDyn was used to analyze the stress changes of the hob,and the three factors that affected the stress of the hob were obtained: the rotating speed of the drum,the dragging speed,and the depth of cleaning. The reference range was determined. Then,the response surface was used to carry out the three-factor three-level test,and the cleaning energy consumption ratio was obtained by analyzing rolling. The quadratic fitting polynomial was carried out. Finally,based on Matlab,a particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to solve the parameters. The results show that when the drum speed of the cleaning mechanism is 78 r/min,the traction speed is 0.05 m/s; when the cleaning depth is 100 mm,the cleaning mechanism is subjected to the least resistance and the lowest energy consumption.

frozen and sticky coal  /  cleaning depth  /  traction speed  /  tangential force  /  co-simulation
徐煦, 马鹏飞, 林雪剑, 刘千山. 行车安全的火车厢底冻粘煤清扫机构能力多因素影响分析. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (S1) : 95 -101 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0040
Xu XU, Pengfei MA, Xuejian LIN, Qianshan LIU. Multi-factor influence analysis on ability of cleaning mechanism for frozen and sticky coal under train car for safe operation[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (S1) : 95 -101 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0040
我国内蒙古、黑龙江、新疆、辽宁等北方寒冷地区冬季,室外平均气温通常在-30 ℃左右,最低气温达-40 ℃以下,全年结冰期一般从10月持续到次年的2月,有些地区甚至长达5个月以上,在这些地区的一些大型露天煤矿,如宝日希勒、元宝山、铁法等露天矿,冬季一些煤炭运输设备在进行煤炭运输时,含有水分的煤在寒冷的环境下会发生冻结,粘附在所接触运输设备部件表面,形成严重的冻粘煤,导致煤车冻结严重,接卸困难。在生产过程中,由于粘煤引起的能源增耗高达30%。因此,研究及解决煤矿储运设备的粘煤问题对煤矿高产、高效和安全生产具有十分重要的意义[1]
对于冻粘煤的消除,通常情况下是采用人工的方式,人工清理一节冻煤厚度400 mm的火车车厢需要一队工人清理3 h,而暖房设立初期投资大,占地多,综合卸车作业效率不高,冻粘煤严重的情况难以处理,且容易损伤运煤车厢。因此,冻粘煤不仅影响煤炭运输的效率和成本,还可能带来安全隐患,如清理过程中存在人身伤害风险、设备损坏风险以及环境污染等。为解决这些问题,提高运输效率和安全性。陈红霞等[2]研究了除雪机螺旋集雪器的结构优化,利用遗传算法建立螺旋集雪器优化目标函数,对螺旋叶片内径和螺距进行优化处理得到最优解;牛纪元[3]设计了一款卧式螺旋清车机结构;田晋跃等[4]探讨与研究了路面铣刨机铣削阻力;王雪莹等[5]研究了路面除冰理论,分析材料表面特性并推导相应的数学关系,利用固体接触理论建立冰与路面接触模型,分析接触变性形式以及接触作用力;WEI Dong等[6]试验研究了金属表面冰冻粘结性能,得到低温条件下铝、钢等金属表面与冰的冻粘强度参数。现有研究主要分析冻粘浮煤清扫机构的力学特性和能耗参数,但未针对清扫作业时清扫机构的运动参数对清扫阻力、清扫效率以及能耗问题的影响方面进行研究。
鉴于此,笔者重点分析了滚筒转速、牵引速度与清扫深度对阻力、效率及能耗的影响。通过离散元素法建模-多体动力学仿真(Electricity Discrete Element Method-Recursive Dynamic,EDEM-RecurDyn)单因素仿真确定最小清扫阻力参数,构建多因素清扫性能模型。通过Matlab软件进行粒子群优化算法优化多项式,以最小化清扫阻力和能耗确保清扫能力,同时实现机构性能最优,旨在降低阻力与能耗,提高清扫效率。
研究浮煤冻粘机制首先要研究冻粘现象[7]。冻粘现象是一种冰和固体材料发生物理反应的低温粘附的现象,大量研究表明[8]:影响冻粘现象的原因主要是由于冻粘附层界面冰的性质,因此,分析冰的特性对冻粘机制研究十分重要,前人通过大量的理论分析和试验研究[9]提出几种冰与固体冻粘界面上作用力:① 摩擦作用和“抛锚”作用产生的静力;②分子间的作用力,每个分子间的距离为3~5个单位,这个力对界面强度可达7.0×102~7.0×103标准单位;③ 化学键力,强度可达到7.0×103~7.0×104标注单位。
当3种力共同作用在物体上时,其程度各不相同,因为在粘结的过程中产生的粘界面微孔缺点是由于接触不良导致的,这种不良现象减少了粘界面积和导致应力集中,同时也会产生参与热应力和收缩应力的强度损失。相关学者对此也提出了关于冻粘机制的几种粘结理论[9]:
1) 湿润吸附理论。粘结的评判标准由湿润性来决定,这种理论可称为基于湿润的吸附理论。如果湿润性较好,那么该粘结物体和粘结剂分子之间的接触更为紧密并发生吸附现象,产生较大的分子作用力,吸附的气体使界面的空隙减少,从而提高粘结强度,所以用湿润性判断粘结效果是有必要的。
2) 机械联结理论。因为被粘结物体之间存在间隙,这种微小的间隙是不平整的并且存在非常多的小孔和层次不齐的纹理,该连接物的连接情况是由胶黏剂渗透到2物体之间的交接处形成很多小的“销钉”进行连接。
3) 化学键理论。化学连接的原理本质是化学键连接,当2个被粘结的物体用粘结剂连接时会产生化学反应并形成化学键,该化学键将2个物体连接起来。
总之,粘附力是化学键力、分子间力、静电力和机械力等多种因素的组合[10],但在不同体系中的作用不同,因此,经典粘附理论是揭示冻粘理论的基础。
车厢和煤料之间界面粘附冰层和粘附强度决定了浮煤冻粘强度大小。量化材料表面附着煤的粘结程度,定义煤的法向冻粘系数为Cσ,煤的切向冻粘系数为Cτ,具体定义如下:
C σ = σ = F 1 / S
C τ = τ = F 2 / S
式中:F1为法向挣脱力,N;F2为切向挣脱力,N;S为冻粘附着面积,mm2
在理论研究的前提下,尚广瑞等[11]试验测量了几种典型材料与冰的冻粘强度,如图1所示。
图1可知:Q235材料在相同温度下,其法向和切向的冻粘强度随温度的降低而增加。同时,法向冻粘强度大于切向冻粘强度。研究发现,火车皮通常采用耐候钢作为车厢材料,其表面性能与Q235相似。因此,上述数据对于冻粘浮煤清理具有重要的参考价值。
在清扫滚筒时,同时参与截割的滚刀位于不同的深度和运动轨迹上,因此,多刀清扫时清扫阻力力矩与滚刀排列方式有关[12]。滚刀的刀尖轨迹如图2所示,图中,清扫滚筒工作时的旋转角速度为ω,(°);牵引速度为v,mm/s;转角为φ,(°);刀尖轨迹半径为R,mm;刀尖与冻粘煤的接触点为A
滚刀两侧受力差异较小,多刀总侧向力作用在清扫滚筒轴线方向上,而对其他因素没有影响,因此,分析时不考虑侧向力。清扫滚筒总清扫阻力为滚刀所受阻力,滚刀总数为N,开始工作时,任意时刻各滚刀的转角:
φ i j = ω t i + 2 π ( j - 1 ) / N   j = 1,2 N  
在任意时刻ti,多刀清扫阻力在yx向分力之和为各滚刀阻力的分力累加构成,多刀清扫切向力和径向力由滚刀累加构成,任意时刻滚刀转角在清扫作用角之外的滚刀不参与工作,即滚刀转角φij>2πn+φ2,(n=0,1,…,k)时,分析得到其清扫厚度以及清扫阻力大小均为0,每把滚刀转角φij对应的清扫线速度与刀尖点和速度的夹角为ψij
φ = arctan F y i F x i
式中:φ″为合力夹角,(°); F y i为清扫阻力的竖直分力,N; F x i为清扫阻力的水平分力,N。
根据式(4)推导出合力夹角,当合力夹角确定后,结合滚刀清扫受力分析中的清扫切向力、清扫阻力水平分力与清扫阻力合力的夹角计算方法。可得多刀清扫阻力总阻力矩之和:
M ' d = 1 N F i j ρ i j
式中:Fij为任意时刻ti的清扫阻力,N;ρij为任意时刻ti刀头距离速度瞬心的距离,mm。
多刀清扫时,各把滚刀清扫功率之和:
P = ω M ' d = ω 1 N F i j ρ i j
式中ω为滚筒旋转角速度,rad/s。
当清扫机构稳定工作时,清扫机构的运动学方程为:
J ' d d ω d t + k ' d ω + M ' d = M ' R
式中:J'd为转动惯量,kg·m2;k'd为转动阻尼;M'R为清扫滚筒上的总驱动力矩,N·m。
结合滚刀动力模型研究,建立多用途离散元素法(EDEM)与多体系统动力学仿真软件(RecurDyn)的联合仿真模型,研究清扫机构的力学性能,根据滚刀的运动轨迹以及动力学理论,进而确定影响滚刀阻力的主要影响因素包括清扫转速、牵引速度和清扫深度。
滚筒转速是清扫机构的重要性能参数,滚筒转速主要影响清扫滚筒外圈线速度,对清扫性能有重要影响,根据其他相关铣削清扫工具的转速参数,转速通常在40~220 r/min,因此,以滚筒转速为第1研究对象,控制其他因素恒定,将滚筒转速仿真组的参数从60 r/min开始,间隔20 r/min,共5组,运动参数通过RecurDyn设置。
清扫过程联合仿真结束后,通过联合仿真软件的分析处理功能得到清扫滚筒滚刀的受力图,以及不同转速下滚刀在切向方向的切向力峰值平均值,将数据导出并绘制曲线,如图3所示。
图3可以看出,80 r/min为清扫滚筒转速的分界,转速低于80 r/min时,滚刀对冻粘浮煤的冲击撞击作用不明显,可能为挤压破碎,当转速逐渐加速大于80 r/min,滚刀的冲击作用呈现,导致冻粘浮煤以大块破碎,但破坏模式仍属于剪切破碎。
牵引速度作为清扫阻力的影响因素之一,其数值决定了清扫耗时的长短和清扫滚筒在水平方向上的运动情况,对其进行单因素仿真试验,相关清扫设备沿清扫方向的移动速度通常在0.04~0.1 m/s,因此,为研究牵引速度对滚刀清扫阻力的影响特征,设置仿真组,滚筒转速根据上述仿真结果设置为80 r/min,牵引速度以0.04 m/s为起始,间隔0.01 m/s。仿真结束后,得到不同牵引速度下对应的滚刀切向力峰值,并得出其切向力峰值平均曲线,如图4所示。
图4可知:随着牵引速度不断增加,滚刀切向力也在减少,在0.05 m/s时切向力在429~477 N达到最小,在0.08 m/s时切向力达到574 N,原因是在0.05 m/s时,滚刀为内旋,牵引速度方向与清扫物料方向相反;在0.08 m/s时,牵引速度加快导致滚刀对清扫物料的压力不断增加,进而使速度开始增加。可以看出,牵引速度的大小间接对清扫机构清扫性能产生重要影响。
根据清扫机构清扫滚筒的结构参数,清扫深度范围选取60~140 mm,每组仿真深度间隔20 mm,共5组,滚筒转速为80 r/min、牵引速度为0.05 m/s。仿真结束后,得到不同清扫深度下对应的滚刀切向力峰值,并得出其切向力平均峰值曲线,如图5所示。
图5可以看出,当滚筒转速和牵引速度保持恒定时,滚刀切向力大小与清扫深度成正比例关系。其原因是当深度越深,滚刀和螺旋叶片与目标物料的接触面积增大,导致一定时间内清扫量越多。
研究单因素运动参数得到滚筒转速n、牵引速度v、清扫深度H分别对滚刀清扫过程中所受阻力的影响特征,得到较优参数取值范围,现利用响应面法对这3种影响因素进行正交仿真试验,得出3因素对清扫阻力和清扫能耗的综合影响,并利用多项式拟合得出3种因素的匹配模型和最优清扫效率下各参数取值。
根据 E c = τ 0 φ 0 φ 2 k 1 k 2 H 2 k τ ρ d φ推导出清扫过程中清扫滚筒的整体清扫能耗比公式:
H u = m T ¯ u 9550 × 3600 V u
式中:Hu为清扫比能耗,kW·h/m3;n为滚筒转速,r/min;t为清扫时间,h; T ¯ u J·m;Vu为破碎冻粘浮煤体积,m3
通过仿真处理后得出滚筒的平均扭矩,再经过式(8)计算得出清扫耗能值,并把计算后的数据经过2阶拟合后得到清扫能耗比与参数的关系:
Y = 2.033 - 0.01507 n - 6.725 v - 0.01839 H - 0.03875 n v + 0.00008 n 2 - 50 v 2 + 0.000029 H 2
对式(9)进行最优解分析求解,如图6所示。
基于以上滚刀切向力和清扫比能耗的计算分析,以及清扫机构所受阻力最小、清扫能耗最低、清扫耗时等几种因素综合考虑,通过Matlab软件进行粒子群算法[13]以及哈利鹰算法对无约束多目标优化问题寻求最优解,优化迭代结果如图7所示。
图7可以看出,粒子群算法的迭代次数比哈利鹰算法的迭代速度快,所以选择使用粒子群算法来优化,清扫转速为78 r/min、牵引速度为0.05 m/s、清扫深度100 mm,此时清扫滚筒能耗比最低为0.22 kW·h/m3,清扫性能达到最优。
1) 通过建立理论模型,以及分析得到多滚刀力学模型,进一步得出影响清扫效率的主要因素为清扫深度、滚筒转速以及牵引速度。
2) 通过Matlab粒子群优化算法优化分析,得到清扫阻力最小、清扫比能耗最低时的运动参数,当滚筒转速为78 r/min、牵引速度为0.05 m/s、清扫深度100 mm时,清扫机构在清扫冻粘浮煤过程中清扫阻力最小、能耗比最低为0.22 kW·h/m3,此时性能最优。
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2024年第34卷第S1期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0040
  • 接收时间:2024-03-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-06-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-14
  • 修回日期:2024-05-17
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    国能宝日希勒能源有限公司 露天煤矿,内蒙古 呼伦贝尔 021008
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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