Article(id=1149754261048832324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)S1-0260-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0048, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710777600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-19, revisedDate=1715702400000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752052377234, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1719676800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752052377234, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752052377234, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752052377234, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149754257689194795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='S1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752052376434, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756362003807, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167830145076311009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167830145076311010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=260, endPage=266, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149754263099847028, articleId=1149754261048832324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Impact of marine environmental corrosion on seismic performance of wind power tower, columnId=1149735802789348081, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Technology and engineering of disaster prevention and mitigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To study the impact of marine environmental corrosion on the seismic performance of wind power towers,a 3 MW offshore wind power tower was used as an example. Based on a universal finite element analysis platform,wind power tower analysis models before and after corrosion were established,and time history analysis was used to study the collapse mechanism of the wind power tower during earthquakes. Through modal analysis,the impact of marine corrosion on the frequency and mode of vibration of structures was studied. Three natural ground motions (two far-field motions and one near-field motion) were selected,and time history analysis was used to study the deformation and damage evolution of the wind power tower. The collapse mechanism of the wind power tower was revealed based on the calculation results. The research results show that marine corrosion has a relatively small impact on the frequency and mode of vibration of the wind power tower. Under the action of near-field or short-term earthquakes,marine corrosion will not significantly change the collapse mechanism of the wind power tower. Under the action of long-term earthquakes,the corroded parts of the wind power tower will be damaged first,which will trigger higher-order modes of vibration and cause significant changes in the seismic damage and collapse mechanism of the wind power tower.

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为探究海洋环境腐蚀对风电塔抗震性能的影响,以3 MW海上风电塔为例,基于通用有限元分析平台,分别建立腐蚀前后风电塔分析模型,并采用时程分析计算风电塔在地震中的倒塌机制;通过模态分析,分析海洋腐蚀对结构振型和频率的影响;选取3条天然地震动(2条远场地震动,1条近场地震动),采用时程分析风电塔的变形与损伤演变,并根据计算结果分析风电塔的倒塌机制。研究结果表明:海洋腐蚀对风电塔频率及振型影响较小;在近场或短周期地震动作用下,海洋腐蚀不会明显改变风电塔倒塌机制;在长周期地震动作用下,风电塔受腐蚀部位会率先发生损伤,从而激发高阶振型导致风电塔震损倒塌机制发生明显改变。

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孙 魁 (1990—),男,河北邯郸人,博士,工程师,主要从事新能源防灾减灾及光伏建筑一体化等方面的工作。E-mail:

郭昌锋,高级工程师。

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孙 魁 (1990—),男,河北邯郸人,博士,工程师,主要从事新能源防灾减灾及光伏建筑一体化等方面的工作。E-mail:

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China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(8): 69-74., articleTitle=Corrosion prediction of submarine pipelines based on improved Random Forest model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167751435283342318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754261048832324, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=22, authorNames=GB 50011―, journalName=建筑抗震设计规范(2016年版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB 50011―2010, 建筑抗震设计规范(2016年版)[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1167751435367228399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754261048832324, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=23, authorNames=GB, journalName=50011-2010,Code for seismic design of buildings(2016 edition), refType=null, 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figureFileBig=v4c0nZ7ew841XebvOOzQZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167751432825480141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754261048832324, language=CN, label=图9, caption=Nihonkai ChuBu波作用下2塔筒截面屈服, figureFileSmall=Hj/ZRxxC3PvtxRp9sZhyvg==, figureFileBig=v4c0nZ7ew841XebvOOzQZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167751432888394702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754261048832324, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Buckling collapse of tower of model 2 under Nihonkai ChuBu wave, figureFileSmall=jUiXCeoUuQaK9qtdwiuHqw==, figureFileBig=3MbfjzW7d1V9CoaRqj6/GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167751432942920655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754261048832324, language=CN, label=图10, caption=Nihonkai ChuBu波作用下模型2塔筒屈曲倒塌, figureFileSmall=jUiXCeoUuQaK9qtdwiuHqw==, figureFileBig=3MbfjzW7d1V9CoaRqj6/GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167751433068749776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754261048832324, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Fourier spectrum of seismic wave, figureFileSmall=zAdbmTG6UiUZaOfjqRKhvw==, figureFileBig=E2rVT5wQfT6QEB+R5xs64w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167751433135858641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754261048832324, language=CN, label=图11, caption=地震动波傅里叶谱, figureFileSmall=zAdbmTG6UiUZaOfjqRKhvw==, figureFileBig=E2rVT5wQfT6QEB+R5xs64w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167751433198773202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754261048832324, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Natural frequency of vibration of wind power tower

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模态阶数 未服役(服役期为0) 服役期20 a
频率/Hz 方向 频率/Hz 方向
1 0.351 水平 0.345 水平
2 0.358 水平 0.352 水平
3 0.852 扭转 0.849 扭转
), ArticleFig(id=1167751433274270675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754261048832324, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

风电塔自振频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模态阶数 未服役(服役期为0) 服役期20 a
频率/Hz 方向 频率/Hz 方向
1 0.351 水平 0.345 水平
2 0.358 水平 0.352 水平
3 0.852 扭转 0.849 扭转
), ArticleFig(id=1167751433345573844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754261048832324, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Characteristic parameters of seismic waves

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震波 断裂带/km PGA/(cm·s-2) PGV∶PGA/s
El Centro 6.09 341.7 0.1
Nihonkai Chubu 14.0 58.6
Hyogoken-Nanbu 16.1 818.0 0.12
), ArticleFig(id=1167751433408488405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754261048832324, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

地震动波特征参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震波 断裂带/km PGA/(cm·s-2) PGV∶PGA/s
El Centro 6.09 341.7 0.1
Nihonkai Chubu 14.0 58.6
Hyogoken-Nanbu 16.1 818.0 0.12
), ArticleFig(id=1167751433471402966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754261048832324, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Deformation of wind power tower under different seismic waves (θ)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震动波 模型1
(未服役)
模型2
(服役20 a)
增量/%
El Centro 1/68 1/67 1.5
Hyogoken Nanbu 1/109 1/107 1.9
Nihonkai Chubu 1/62 1/22 281.8
), ArticleFig(id=1167751433530123223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754261048832324, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

风电塔在不同地震动波作用下的变形(θ)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震动波 模型1
(未服役)
模型2
(服役20 a)
增量/%
El Centro 1/68 1/67 1.5
Hyogoken Nanbu 1/109 1/107 1.9
Nihonkai Chubu 1/62 1/22 281.8
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海洋环境腐蚀对风电塔抗震性能影响研究
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孙魁 , 郭昌锋
中国安全科学学报 | 防灾减灾技术与工程 2024,34(S1): 260-266
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中国安全科学学报 | 防灾减灾技术与工程 2024, 34(S1): 260-266
海洋环境腐蚀对风电塔抗震性能影响研究
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孙魁 , 郭昌锋
作者信息
  • 国华能源投资有限公司,北京 100007
  • 孙 魁 (1990—),男,河北邯郸人,博士,工程师,主要从事新能源防灾减灾及光伏建筑一体化等方面的工作。E-mail:

    郭昌锋,高级工程师。

Impact of marine environmental corrosion on seismic performance of wind power tower
Kui SUN , Changfeng GUO
Affiliations
  • Guohua Energy Investment Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100007,China
出版时间: 2024-06-30 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0048
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为探究海洋环境腐蚀对风电塔抗震性能的影响,以3 MW海上风电塔为例,基于通用有限元分析平台,分别建立腐蚀前后风电塔分析模型,并采用时程分析计算风电塔在地震中的倒塌机制;通过模态分析,分析海洋腐蚀对结构振型和频率的影响;选取3条天然地震动(2条远场地震动,1条近场地震动),采用时程分析风电塔的变形与损伤演变,并根据计算结果分析风电塔的倒塌机制。研究结果表明:海洋腐蚀对风电塔频率及振型影响较小;在近场或短周期地震动作用下,海洋腐蚀不会明显改变风电塔倒塌机制;在长周期地震动作用下,风电塔受腐蚀部位会率先发生损伤,从而激发高阶振型导致风电塔震损倒塌机制发生明显改变。

海洋环境腐蚀  /  风电塔  /  抗震性能  /  倒塌机制  /  位移角

To study the impact of marine environmental corrosion on the seismic performance of wind power towers,a 3 MW offshore wind power tower was used as an example. Based on a universal finite element analysis platform,wind power tower analysis models before and after corrosion were established,and time history analysis was used to study the collapse mechanism of the wind power tower during earthquakes. Through modal analysis,the impact of marine corrosion on the frequency and mode of vibration of structures was studied. Three natural ground motions (two far-field motions and one near-field motion) were selected,and time history analysis was used to study the deformation and damage evolution of the wind power tower. The collapse mechanism of the wind power tower was revealed based on the calculation results. The research results show that marine corrosion has a relatively small impact on the frequency and mode of vibration of the wind power tower. Under the action of near-field or short-term earthquakes,marine corrosion will not significantly change the collapse mechanism of the wind power tower. Under the action of long-term earthquakes,the corroded parts of the wind power tower will be damaged first,which will trigger higher-order modes of vibration and cause significant changes in the seismic damage and collapse mechanism of the wind power tower.

marine environmental corrosion  /  wind power tower  /  seismic performance  /  collapse mechanism  /  drift angle
孙魁, 郭昌锋. 海洋环境腐蚀对风电塔抗震性能影响研究. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (S1) : 260 -266 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0048
Kui SUN, Changfeng GUO. Impact of marine environmental corrosion on seismic performance of wind power tower[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (S1) : 260 -266 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0048
截至2022年,全国累计发电装机容量25.6亿kW,其中,风电装机容量3.7亿kW,同比增长11.2%[1]。海上风电属于清洁、低碳可再生能源,具有不占用陆地资源、沿海城市就地消纳、海岸线长、海域广阔等诸多优势,已成为新能源发电的重要方向之一。但是,海上风电机组也面临着2大自然环境风险:①恶劣的海上气候条件。海上风力发电塔(简称海上风电塔)的塔筒在海洋高盐高湿环境和海洋污损生物附着长期腐蚀下会产生明显损伤。②我国沿海风电场场址与沿海地震带分布高度重合,海上风电塔面临着极高的地震风险。因此,开展海洋腐蚀环境下风电塔破坏及倒塌研究十分必要。
目前,诸多学者针对风电塔抗震及钢结构腐蚀问题开展了研究。KHODABUX等[2]的研究结果表明:风电塔腐蚀速率可达0.83 mm/a。XU Yazhou等[3]研究了带有焊接缺陷的1.5 MW陆上风电塔在地震作用下的抗震性能,结果表明:焊接缺陷导致风电塔抗震烈度明显降低,在在脉冲型近场地震激励下极易发生倒塌。PATIL等[4]研究了风电塔在地震作用下的破坏机制,发现地震作用下风电塔最容易发生倾覆破坏,其次是塔体屈服。XU Shanhua[5]等采用有限元模拟研究了腐蚀对H型钢柱性能的影响。何剑侠[6]根据腐蚀统计规律建立随机腐蚀圆钢管样本库,通过仿真分析研究了在腐蚀影响下钢管轴拉、轴压及剪切性能退化特性。MASAYUKI等[7]通过有限元仿真模拟了腐蚀对钢管桩的承载力影响,发现腐蚀位置对钢管桩的对承载力影响较小。
综上所述,当前研究大多关注风电塔抗震或者腐蚀,基于海洋腐蚀环境下的风电塔抗震研究还较为鲜见。因此,笔者拟采用模拟仿真方法,分析海洋腐蚀对海上风电塔地震损伤和倒塌机制的影响,以期为风电塔抗震性能研究和相关标准编制提供参考。
以江苏省东台市某沿海风电场3 MW单桩式风电塔为例开展分析,该风电塔包含塔筒、机舱和叶片3部分,总重力3 426.52 kN,该风电塔时域尺寸参数如图1所示。风电塔高67 m,海床下基础埋深34 m。塔筒为圆锥状空心单管钢结构,底部最大直径5 m,顶部最小直径3.2 m,底部最大厚度50 mm,顶部最小厚度20 mm。塔筒顶部设机舱和叶片,叶片长56.5 m。
基于通用有限元平台建立分析模型。模型中,塔筒按照实际风电塔采用实体单元建模,单元类型为C3D8R;机舱采用实体单元建模,通过增加单元质量模拟其中的机舱内部电机、轴承等部件重量;叶片也采用实体单元模拟,通过调整单元质量使其与风电塔叶片质量一致。风电塔控制系统装有主动控制系统,在地震发生时会进行风轮停机锁定,因此,分析模型中塔筒与机舱、机舱与叶片均采用刚性连接。这种建模的优势为在合理简化接触数量和减少部件数量的前提下,还能准确模拟塔身出现屈曲或局部屈服的损伤状态,保证分析模型的精度[8]
常用的模拟土与结构相互作用的方法有m法、P-y曲线法等。考虑到地震动时程分析计算量较大,分析模型中如果包含用于模拟土体作用的非线性弹簧后将导致模型计算量急剧增加。因此,采用《港口工程桩基规范》[9]中的方法计算塔筒埋深。经计算,嵌固端位于海平面下19 m深度。
模型中,钢材的本构采用线性硬化弹塑性模型,根据实际参数,塔身钢材设计屈服应力为335 MPa,极限应力为470 MPa,极限应变为0.547,弹性模量为206 GPa,泊松比为0.3,钢材密度为7 850 kg/m3
海上风电塔的腐蚀分为5个区域:大气区、浪溅区、潮差区、全浸区和海泥区。其中,浪溅区的腐蚀最为严重[10]。有学者通过实际观测数据给出适用于海上钢结构腐蚀的Weibull模型,并进行了验证[11-16],文中采用的腐蚀厚度计算公式为:
d n ( t ) = 0 0 < t < T s t d { 1 - e x p [ - ( ( t - T s t ) / η ) β ] } T s t < t < T L
式中:dn(t)为腐蚀深度,mm; d 为腐蚀极限深度,mm;t为腐蚀持续时间,a;Tst为腐蚀开始时间,a;TL为结构寿命或维修时间,a;ηβ为海洋环境参数。
海上风电塔的设计寿命通常为25 a,文中选取20 a作为风电塔腐蚀时间,从服役周期看已经进入末期,腐蚀情况较为严重,能较好地反映腐蚀对风电塔震损和倒塌机制的影响。经计算,海上风电机组服役20 a的腐蚀深度为2.6 mm。浪溅区位于海平面下5 m至海平面上7 m范围内(即腐蚀区总高12 m)。
采用Lanczos法对未服役(服役期为0,未发生腐蚀)和服役期20 a的海上风电塔分别进行模态分析,风电塔自振频率见表1,海上风电塔振型如图2所示。图2中,风电塔的第一模态为与叶片平面重合的平动模态;第二模态为与叶片平面垂直的平动模态;第三模态为绕塔筒轴线转动的扭转模态。
模态分析结果表明:风电塔服役20 a后,因塔筒腐蚀导致结构整体刚度减弱,前3阶模态频率分别减小1.7%、1.6%和0.35%。如此微小的变化很难通过分析风电塔日常自身监测数据发现,因此,通过风电塔整体模态分析判断风电塔塔筒腐蚀情况并不是一个有效手段。
根据我国抗震规范对于时程分析的要求[17],选取El Centro、Hyogoken-NanBu和Nihonkai ChuBu共3条天然地震动记录,其中El Centro和Hyogoken-NanBu属于远场地震动,Nihonkai ChuBu属于近场地震动,如图3所示。3条分析用地震动波的特征参数见表2。通过试算发现,地震动峰值加速度(Peak Ground Acceleration,PGA)达到2g(g为重力加速度)时,风电塔出现完全倒塌破坏。以3条地震动PGA调幅至2g的工况作为分析工况,加载方向为与叶片所在平面重合的水平方向,即第一振型方向。分析工况为3条PGA为2g天然地震动分别加载于服役期为0和20 a的海上风电塔底部基础位置。为便于描述,服役期为0的风电塔记为模型1,服役期20 a的风电塔记为模型2。
海上风电塔地震动损伤及倒塌一般由风电塔塔筒损伤及破坏导致,这是因为风电塔塔筒属于锥形单管薄壁结构,自身冗余度较小。地震动波由塔筒底部向上传递至机舱和叶片,因此,风电塔塔筒属于风电塔抗震防线的薄弱环节。风电塔塔筒变形位移角θ为塔筒顶部与底部产生的相对位移与塔筒高度的比值,θ和塔筒塑性发展情况能直接反应风电塔的震损及破坏情况。
风电塔塔筒属于高耸结构,机舱和叶片相当于质量块固定在塔筒顶部,地震中,风电塔塔身顶部与底部的相对变形在使塔筒承受巨大的倾覆弯矩。同时,随着变形的增大,还会产生明显的重力二阶效应,两者均会导致塔筒破坏从而引起风电塔倒塌。我国尚未出台风电塔结构抗震设计标准,目前风电塔抗震设计主要参考《建筑抗震设计规范(2016年版)》[17],该规范规定钢结构弹性状态层间位移角限值θ为1/250,弹塑性层间位移角θ限值为1/50。
电塔塔筒属于锥形单管薄壁结构,地震作用下塔筒极易由局部屈服发展为局部截面屈曲变形从而引发风电塔倒塌。因此,塔筒塑性发展状态能直接反应风电塔的震损情况。
基于风电塔震损发展情况,选取初始到达弹性极限(θ=1/250)、发生屈服(塔筒出现屈服)、屈服发展及破坏或倒塌(θ≥1/50)4个状态来揭示风电塔的震损倒塌机制。
El Centro波作用下,模型1在2.18 s达到弹性极限变形(θ=1/248);4.82 s塔筒顶部与机舱连接处发生屈服(θ=1/77);塔筒在地震中未形成塑性铰,也未发生倒塌(θ=1/68≤1/50)。模型2在2.20 s达到弹性极限(θ=1/229);4.92 s塔筒顶部与机舱连接处发生屈服(θ=1/68);11.92 s塔筒底部屈服并形成截面塑性铰(θ=1/90);塔筒在地震中未发生倒塌(θ=1/67≤1/50),如图4图5所示。
Hyogoken-NanBu波作用下,模型1在7.34 s塔筒顶部与机舱连接处发生屈服(θ=1/309),仅是局部轻微屈服,塔筒本身仍处于弹性状态;8.84 s达到弹性极限(θ=1/249),随后向下发展;19.82 s塔筒底部屈服并形成截面塑性铰(θ=1/1 092);塔筒在地震中未发生倒塌(θ=1/109≤1/50)。模型2在9.08 s达到弹性极限(θ=1/149);7.44 s塔筒顶部与机舱连接处发生屈服(θ=1/268);20.06 s塔筒底部屈服并形成截面塑性铰(θ=1/340);塔筒在地震中未发生倒塌(θ=1/107≤1/50),如图6图7所示。
Nihonkai ChuBu波作用下,模型1在8.98 s达到弹性极限(θ=1/171);10.11 s塔筒顶部与机舱连接处发生屈服并快速发展(θ=1/112);18.94 s塔筒底部屈服并形成截面塑性铰(θ=1/304);塔筒在地震中未发生倒塌(θ=1/62≤1/50)。模型2在9.40 s达到弹性极限(θ=1/251);32.09 s塔筒腐蚀区最薄处发生屈服(θ=1/49),并向上发展;32.36 s模型2达到弹塑性极限状态(θ=1/48),塔筒进入塑性快速发展阶段;33.06 s塔筒顶部发生屈服(θ=1/153),并快速向下发展;36.62 s塔筒底部屈服,并快速向上发展;38.01 s塔筒由上至下塑性发展贯通(θ=1/340),塔筒很快发生局部屈曲并倒塌(θ=1/22≥1/50),如图8图9图10所示。
从上述分析可见:海洋环境腐蚀风机塔筒后,在Nihonkai ChuBu地震作用下的变形增量明显大于其他2条地震波,见表3。海洋环境腐蚀风机塔筒后,在El Centro波和Hyogoken Nanbu作用下,风机变形量分别增加1.5%和1.9%;在Nihonkai Chubu波作用下,风机变形量分别增加281.8%。说明长周期远场地震动作用下,风电塔塔筒变形明显增大,且极易出现塔筒局部损伤,并在地震动往复作用下损伤快速积累导致塔筒倒塌。
地震波傅里叶谱如图11所示。El Centro地震波的主要频率为1.12 Hz,且主要能量分布频率区间较宽。Hyogoken Nanbu地震波的主要能量区间为0~15 Hz,主要频率为1.3 Hz。Nihonkai Chubu地震波的主要能量区间为0~18 Hz,主要频率为0.42 Hz。可以看出近场地震波高频段幅值较大,且主要频率大于1 Hz。而长周期远场地震波能量主要集中在低频段,主要频率小于1 Hz,且更接近海上风电塔自振频率,使风电塔地震响应更大。
综上所述,海上风电塔敏感周期为2~4 s,在远场地震动或长周期地震动作用下,海上风电塔破坏机制为:首先,塔筒顶部与机舱刚性连接部位发生屈服,随后,塔筒基础发生屈服并快速发展成为截面塑性铰,最后,塔筒屈服导致风电塔倒塌。在近场或长周期地震作用下,海上风电塔腐蚀部位会率先发生屈服,随后塔筒顶部与底部先后出现屈服,并朝腐蚀部位发展,快速贯通从而导致结构出现明显侧向位移直至倒塌。
塔筒发生屈服时并不一定与塔筒变形峰值同步发生,主要是因为地震往复作用下,局部屈服的发生是一个损伤积累过程的表现。
1) 海上风电塔浪溅区的腐蚀对结构频率和模态的影响较小,难以通过风电塔整体振型或模态变化检测塔筒的腐蚀状态。
2) 海上风电塔的常规震损倒塌机制为塔筒顶部与机舱刚接连接变截面处先发生局部屈服,而后塔筒底部形成截面塑性铰并不断发育,随后风电塔倒塌。
3) 在长周期或远场地震动作用下,海上风电塔塔筒中部偏下的腐蚀部分会率先屈服,导致激发塔低阶振型共振,从而引发塔筒整体屈曲致使发电塔倒塌。
文中研究未考虑空气影响因素,关于地震中叶片气动性能对风电塔震损机制的影响还有待于进一步研究。
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0048
  • 接收时间:2024-03-19
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-06-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-19
  • 修回日期:2024-05-15
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    国华能源投资有限公司,北京 100007
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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