Article(id=1149754259685683506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)S1-0129-05, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0044, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1707494400000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-10, revisedDate=1712851200000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752052376909, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1719676800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752052376909, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752052376909, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752052376909, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149754257689194795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='S1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752052376434, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756362003807, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167830145076311009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167830145076311010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=129, endPage=133, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149754259870232883, articleId=1149754259685683506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Analysis of actual chemical project safety inspection and improvement, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To study the key points of process safety management in chemical infrastructure projects and carry out targeted safety management,the safety inspection of a gasification unit during construction in a chemical project of an energy group was studied. The entire process safety records of the project were collected,classified,organized,statistically analyzed,compared,and inspected. The key and difficult points of project safety management were summarized by comparing the types and quantities of safety hazards in each unit,the number of hazards per contract valuing million yuan,the distribution of various types of safety hazards,the distribution of safety hazards in each unit,and the comparison of safety hazards in similar units. The research shows that safety protection is the type of safety hazards that generate the most hazards during project construction,and reducing the number of such safety protection hazards can effectively improve the level of project safety management. The safety management level of each construction unit varies,and each construction unit has its own management characteristics. The list of qualified contractors should be further improved through contractor evaluation. It is also necessary to establish a qualified contractor database and record the advantages and disadvantages of contractor safety management,so as to facilitate targeted safety management in future projects.

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为研究化工基建项目过程安全管理的重点,有针对性地开展安全管理,以某能源集团某化工项目的气化装置建设过程安全检查为实例,收集、分类整理、统计、归类比较、检查记录项目全过程安全;通过对比各单位的安全隐患种类及数量、每百万合同金额隐患数、各种类安全隐患数量分布、各单位安全隐患分布、同类单位安全隐患对比等数据,总结项目安全管理的重点难点。研究表明:安全防护是项目建设过程中产生隐患最多的隐患类型,降低该安全防护类隐患数量能有效提高项目安全管理水平;各施工单位的安全管理水平存在差异并具有各自的管理特点,应通过承包商评价进一步完善合格承包商名单;建立合格承包商数据库,记录承包商的安全管理优缺点,便于今后更有针对性地安全管理项目。

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蒋海夫 (1977—),男,浙江绍兴人,硕士,工程师,主要从事煤化工项目建设过程安全管理和研究。E-mail:

那国良 (1972—),男,黑龙江大庆人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事大型煤化工行业建设项目管理、工艺和设备施工技术、QHSE体系贯标、生产安全管理等方面的工作。E-mail:

孙桂花,高级工程师。

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蒋海夫 (1977—),男,浙江绍兴人,硕士,工程师,主要从事煤化工项目建设过程安全管理和研究。E-mail:

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孙桂花,高级工程师。

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China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(S1): 49-55., articleTitle=Instance-based research on construction license management for coal chemical projects, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167751208795120390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259685683506, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167751208803508999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259685683506, companyId=1167751208795120390, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Shenhua Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100010,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167751208807703304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259685683506, companyId=1167751208795120390, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=神华工程技术有限公司,北京 100010)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1167751210279904033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259685683506, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Number of hazards per contract valuing million yuan, figureFileSmall=AjkANY8qJq/b5ubbyvJFyA==, figureFileBig=kXzfFtNi059/LDwCass/3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167751210426704674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259685683506, language=CN, label=图1, caption=每百万合同金额隐患数, figureFileSmall=AjkANY8qJq/b5ubbyvJFyA==, figureFileBig=kXzfFtNi059/LDwCass/3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167751210560922403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259685683506, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Number of various types of safety hazards, figureFileSmall=0GPbEyymyimgazMTlw3T1A==, figureFileBig=5NNU+YwBPbLHdfDKhnquTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167751210649002788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259685683506, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各种类安全隐患数量, figureFileSmall=0GPbEyymyimgazMTlw3T1A==, figureFileBig=5NNU+YwBPbLHdfDKhnquTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167751210762248997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259685683506, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Distribution of safety hazards in each unit, figureFileSmall=tO+jEE469v1/Be7ZNWOFqg==, figureFileBig=gULHGnLUb904ky6F5ZJzLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167751210883883814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259685683506, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各单位安全隐患分布, figureFileSmall=tO+jEE469v1/Be7ZNWOFqg==, figureFileBig=gULHGnLUb904ky6F5ZJzLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167751210950992679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259685683506, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Safety hazard ratio of similar units, figureFileSmall=CBPfEAPprGOtIKVx+1WXKg==, figureFileBig=Usueh9cS4+VNytJ+8pBv6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167751210992935720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259685683506, language=CN, label=图4, caption=同类单位安全隐患比, figureFileSmall=CBPfEAPprGOtIKVx+1WXKg==, figureFileBig=Usueh9cS4+VNytJ+8pBv6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167751211051655977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259685683506, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Types and quantities of safety hazards identified in safety inspections at various units 例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单位 安全防护 临时用电 特种作业 机械设备 人员行为 消防安全 受限空间 文明施工
某建 213 30 8 26 12 50 0 58
某局 168 44 16 24 23 33 1 34
某公司 134 38 23 29 14 37 2 26
某建设 207 66 43 28 10 34 5 29
小计 722 178 90 107 59 134 8 147
总计 1 445
), ArticleFig(id=1167751211127153450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259685683506, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各单位安全检查隐患种类及数量分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单位 安全防护 临时用电 特种作业 机械设备 人员行为 消防安全 受限空间 文明施工
某建 213 30 8 26 12 50 0 58
某局 168 44 16 24 23 33 1 34
某公司 134 38 23 29 14 37 2 26
某建设 207 66 43 28 10 34 5 29
小计 722 178 90 107 59 134 8 147
总计 1 445
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基于实例的化工项目安全检查分析及提升研究
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蒋海夫 , 那国良 , 孙桂花
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(S1): 129-133
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(S1): 129-133
基于实例的化工项目安全检查分析及提升研究
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蒋海夫 , 那国良 , 孙桂花
作者信息
  • 神华工程技术有限公司,北京 100010
  • 蒋海夫 (1977—),男,浙江绍兴人,硕士,工程师,主要从事煤化工项目建设过程安全管理和研究。E-mail:

    那国良 (1972—),男,黑龙江大庆人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事大型煤化工行业建设项目管理、工艺和设备施工技术、QHSE体系贯标、生产安全管理等方面的工作。E-mail:

    孙桂花,高级工程师。

Analysis of actual chemical project safety inspection and improvement
Haifu JIANG , Guoliang NA , Guihua SUN
Affiliations
  • Shenhua Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100010,China
出版时间: 2024-06-30 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0044
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为研究化工基建项目过程安全管理的重点,有针对性地开展安全管理,以某能源集团某化工项目的气化装置建设过程安全检查为实例,收集、分类整理、统计、归类比较、检查记录项目全过程安全;通过对比各单位的安全隐患种类及数量、每百万合同金额隐患数、各种类安全隐患数量分布、各单位安全隐患分布、同类单位安全隐患对比等数据,总结项目安全管理的重点难点。研究表明:安全防护是项目建设过程中产生隐患最多的隐患类型,降低该安全防护类隐患数量能有效提高项目安全管理水平;各施工单位的安全管理水平存在差异并具有各自的管理特点,应通过承包商评价进一步完善合格承包商名单;建立合格承包商数据库,记录承包商的安全管理优缺点,便于今后更有针对性地安全管理项目。

煤化工  /  安全检查  /  隐患数量  /  安全管理

To study the key points of process safety management in chemical infrastructure projects and carry out targeted safety management,the safety inspection of a gasification unit during construction in a chemical project of an energy group was studied. The entire process safety records of the project were collected,classified,organized,statistically analyzed,compared,and inspected. The key and difficult points of project safety management were summarized by comparing the types and quantities of safety hazards in each unit,the number of hazards per contract valuing million yuan,the distribution of various types of safety hazards,the distribution of safety hazards in each unit,and the comparison of safety hazards in similar units. The research shows that safety protection is the type of safety hazards that generate the most hazards during project construction,and reducing the number of such safety protection hazards can effectively improve the level of project safety management. The safety management level of each construction unit varies,and each construction unit has its own management characteristics. The list of qualified contractors should be further improved through contractor evaluation. It is also necessary to establish a qualified contractor database and record the advantages and disadvantages of contractor safety management,so as to facilitate targeted safety management in future projects.

coal chemical industry  /  safety inspection  /  number of hazards  /  safety management
蒋海夫, 那国良, 孙桂花. 基于实例的化工项目安全检查分析及提升研究. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (S1) : 129 -133 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0044
Haifu JIANG, Guoliang NA, Guihua SUN. Analysis of actual chemical project safety inspection and improvement[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (S1) : 129 -133 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0044
近年来,大型的煤化工项目不断涌现,改变了我国的煤资源利用格局,由于煤化工项目自身的特点,给项目建设安全管理带来很大难度,主要有以下方面:建设工程是一个庞大的人机工程,建设过程中人、物、环境中存在导致事故的安全风险因素非常多。煤化工项目具有单件性的特点,不同项目面临的事故风险种类和数量各不相同。项目施工过程具作业点分散,有离散性的特点,现场施工人员分散于施工现场的各个部位,难以全面监管,从而增加作业人员发生不安全行为的可能或者环境不良因素导致事故风险的可能。施工作业大多露天进行,不良的气象条件对作业人员的影响导致事故风险增加。多方参与项目建设导致管理层次较多,关系复杂,需要安全管理具有先进的方法和能力。劳动密集,技术含量偏低。参与项目建设的作业人员绝大多数为民工,受教育程度低,专业技能、安全知识、安全有意识普遍不足,一旦管理措施不当,极有可能引发事故或受到事故伤害。⑦项目安全风险类型和严重程度随着进度的变化不断变化,具有动态性[1-4]
作为消除隐患、防止事故、改善劳动条件及提高员工安全生产意识的重要手段之一,安全检查在安全风险辨识、预防、消除方面发挥重要作用[5]。通过安全检查的组织和实施,可以充分了解施工方案中各项安全措施的落实、人员资质、教育培训等和项目安全生产管理相关的各个方面存在的优缺点,并为下一阶段的施工安全提供管理依据和措施保障[6-7]。因此,提升项目施工过程安全检查的质量对于控制项目建设安全风险,提高过程安全管理水平有着极大作用[8-10]。为此,笔者拟以某能源集团某煤化工项目气化装置的建设过程安全检查为实例,通过分类、统计、比较、检查、记录探究提高煤化工项目安全检查的重点和改进方法,以期为今后的项目安全管理提供经验参考。
案例项目[11]隶属于某能源集团某煤化工项目,位于西北某工业园,主要构成为:磨煤厂房、煤浆给料、气化及洗涤1和2、黑水闪蒸1某工程有限公司总承包,概算投资22亿元,项目分A、B 2个标段,主要施工总承包单位为:A标段施工土建单位某建筑安装有限公司(简称某建),合同金额12 000万元;安装单位中国化学某建设有限公司(简称某公司),合同金额8 800万元;B标段土建单位中铁某局集团有限公司(简称某局),合同金额6 600万元;安装单位中国化学工程某建设有限公司(简称某建设),合同金额6 800万元。项目于2018年3月28日开工,2020年11月30日终交,共计完成安全人工时790万,教育培训6 158人,未发生可记录事故。
整理案例项目建设过程保存的安全检查资料得知:项目发生的安全检查种类主要为周检、月检、节假日检查及专项检查。周检:每周一次固定时间的安全检查,根据周计划检查现场安全的布置和落实情况,并矫正日常作业过程产生的违章行为。月检:根据月度计划检查和落实项目安全措施,检查并纠偏上月执行过程中产生的安全隐患。节假日检查:针对不同节假日的特点开展有针对性地检查,以降低节假日期间发生安全事故的可能性。④专项检查,根据专业类型不同开展针对性检查,如:临时用电专项、起重吊装、脚手架、深基坑等。截止项目终交,案例项目总计完成各类安全检查101次,根据隐患的类型特征和对象的不同,此次统计将检查发现的安全隐患分类为安全防护、临时用电、特种作业、机械设备、人员行为、消防安全、受限空间、文明施工共8大类,安全防护主要涉及“四口五临边”等为保障作业人员安全的临边护栏、空洞防护、防高坠等措施;临时用电为案例项目施工用电过程产生的违章;特种作业是指建设过程特种设备如塔吊、吊篮、起重机械等特种设备和特种作业过程产生的违章行为;人员行为是指作业人员“三违”及与人员入场教育相关的违章行为;消防安全是在动火作业过程的不安全行为;受限空间是进入密闭或行动受限区域作业发生的违章行为;文明施工因和项目安全管理关系重大,因此,作为独立项统计,统计结果见表1
表1可知:某建设安全隐患绝对数量最多,其次分别为某建、某局、某公司,由于各单位的合同规模不一致,单纯的隐患数量不能体现各施工单位的问题,因此,引入百万合同金额安全隐患数,即用每百万合同金额所占安全隐患数量进行比较,如图1所示。百万合同安全隐患数最高的为某建设,其次为某局、某公司、某建。这几家承包商通过合法合规的合同招标程序进入案例项目,企业资质、管理体系、业绩规模、人员资格等各方面都具备合格的条件,由图1可知:各单位的百万合同隐患数存在显著差异,主要原因为:管理能力差异;安全计划和施工计划不同步;作业人员素质差异;安全资金投入不到位;过程检查、整改不到位。劳务分包队伍的水平不一致。在同等的作业条件下,百万合同隐患数的差距能清晰体现各单位在作业过程的水平差距。
各种类安全隐患数量分布如图2所示,数量从高到底分别为安全防护、临时用电、文明施工、消防安全、机械设备、特种作业、人员行为、受限空间,如此分布的主要原因为:安全防护点多面广、涉及到施工作业全过程,因此,发生频度最高。临时用电在布置和使用的时容易发生问题,且临时用电的使用时间也贯穿整个施工作业过程。施工过程因为场地、管理不善等原因,导致材料堆放不规范不整齐;施工过程产生大量的建筑垃圾,清理、搬运、集中填埋都有严格的环保要求,施工单位又会存在人力物资短缺、清理车辆调拨不及时等情况,因此,文明施工产生的问题也较多。消防安全问题主要集中在项目建设过程的动火作业、易燃可燃材料的保管和使用、可燃垃圾的堆放和处理过程,尤其是安装作业过程存在大量的动火作业,且作业点比较分散,容易出现消防安全管理不到位的情况。机械设备和特种作业安全隐患都是在作业过程中产生的设备缺陷,使用不规范导致的。由于项目建设过程使用的机具设备数量较多,所以问题发生的可能性也较大。人员行为主要是指人员安全教育培训不规范,人员资质不符合施工要求,作业过程存在的“三违”行为,因为施工作业人员相对受教育程度低,专业技能不足,安全意识淡薄,因此,发生违章的概率较高。试压吹扫主要出现在项目试车阶段,属于和生产管理交叉阶段,此时试压吹扫和项目收尾同步进行,生产和施工交叉作业频繁,所以,作为一个单独的问题类型统计。出现的问题主要是管理上的沟通不顺畅导致信息传递不正确,现场警戒区域设置不合理或者未设置,监护人员不到位,施工人员安全意识淡薄随意穿越或破坏警戒区,安全防护措施不完全满足现场需求。
各单位的安全检查隐患及数量分布如图3所示,安全防护的数量在各单位里占很大比例,但其他各类隐患的数量根据单位的不同有所区别。某建的消防安全和文明施工问题较多,原因是土建单位木工使用量大,产生的可燃垃圾多,处理不够及时,导致消防安全和文明施工问题较多。某局的临时用电问题较为突出,原因是前期方案不够完善,落实过程执行不到位,电工责任心和专业能力不足等。某公司的消防安全和临时用电问题较多,原因是安装作业过程焊接作业量大,用电量大,动火作业点多,作业点散,导致管理难度增加,相应的安全隐患也相对较多。某建设的临时用电和特种作业的问题相对突出,消防安全问题较少。主要是因为焊接作业量大,特种设备使用多,管理不善导致临时用电和特种作业问题的数量多,而通过完善的消防管理保障了消防安全。
同类单位即某建和某局、某公司和某建设之间的安全隐患数量比较如图4所示,某建和某局都在土建类承包商,某建设和某公司为安装类承包商,某建/某局的安全防护、消防安全、文明施工的比例超过1.3甚至达到1.7,其他都在0.7以下,可见,某局的安全防护、消防安全、文明施工隐患的数量都超过某建,而某建的合同金额是某局的3倍多。某公司/某建设的人员行为达到1.4,消防安全1.6,其他类型的数值相对较小。结合各单位的合同金额可以看出,某建的安全防护、消防安全、文明施工管理发生概率低于某局。某公司的人员行为管理、消防安全管理安全隐患发生率低于某建设。这和各单位的体系完整度、现场执行力、过程纠偏能力、总结提高能力有很大关系。
1) 安全防护类隐患的发生数量在各个单位的安全隐患数例中都占最大比例,防护类隐患贯穿于整个项目建设周期,做好安全防护的管理,能有效降低安全隐患的数量,从而降低安全事故发生的概率和数量,提高整个项目施工过程的安全管理。
2) 各单位的百万元合同隐患数的差距较大,说明各单位的自身安全管理水平存在较大差异,针对各个单位的水平差异在管理上有所侧重,在承包商考核评价系统里引入量化指标,作为某能源集团在今后项目建设过程中引入承包商管理的一个参考值。
3) 各施工单位自身管理存在优缺点,在管理过程中有针对性地加强对薄弱环节的检查和提高,不但能提高效率,还能快速提高项目建设安全管理水平。
4) 同类单位安全管理存在差异且有自身特点,加强同类单位之间安全管理交流,对比优缺点,可以达到同专业互补的目的,从而提高整体的项目安全管理水平。
5) 加强风险辨识并落实风险管控措施,提前计划、布置对项目建设风险管理有较大帮助,通过风险辨识提前落实人力、物力,安全防护风险部位,可以有效降低防护类风险的数量。
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0044
  • 接收时间:2024-02-10
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-06-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-10
  • 修回日期:2024-04-12
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    神华工程技术有限公司,北京 100010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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