Article(id=1149754259287224623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)S1-0205-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0035, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710864000000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-20, revisedDate=1714924800000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752052376814, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1719676800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752052376814, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752052376814, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752052376814, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149754257689194795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='S1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752052376434, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756362003807, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167830145076311009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167830145076311010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=205, endPage=211, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149754262013522255, articleId=1149754259287224623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Research on assessment methods of firefighting and rescue capability of coal chemical enterprises, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to scientifically assess the firefighting and rescue capability and put forward effective suggestions for the prevention and control of fire risks,a firefighting and rescue capability assessment system applicable to the characteristics of coal chemical enterprises was constructed based on the hierarchical analysis-fuzzy comprehensive model. The scientificity,applicability,and accuracy of the assessment index system and the model were verified through specific cases. The research results show that along with the booming development of China's economy and society,the scope of the firefighting and rescue task gradually presents a trend of diversification and complexity. In this ever-changing environment,whether firefighting and emergency rescue are able to respond decisively,accurately,and efficiently at critical moments is a key issue that needs to be solved in the current research. The assessment index system and the modeling method used can provide a new perspective for the firefighting and rescue capability building of coal chemical industry-related enterprises and provide decision support for firefighting and rescue capability building.

, correspAuthors=Kaigong ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hongtao ZHOU, Kaigong ZHAO, Xiaolei ZHANG, Yanyan KONG, Ruidi WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149754266128134617, articleId=1149754259287224623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=煤化工企业消防救援能力评估方法研究, columnId=1149733269727526997, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全工程技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为科学评估消防救援能力,并提出有效的防控火灾风险建议,基于层次分析-模糊综合模型,构建适用于煤化工企业特征的消防救援能力评价体系,并通过具体案例验证该评价指标体系及模型的科学性、适用性和准确性。研究结果表明:随着我国经济社会的蓬勃发展,消防救援任务的范畴逐渐呈现出多元化、复杂化的趋势。在这种日新月异的环境中,消防应急救援是否能够在关键时刻果断、准确、高效地应对,是当前研究亟需解决的关键问题。该评价指标体系和所用的模型方法可为煤化工相关企业的消防救援能力建设提供一个新的视角,为消防救援能力建设提供决策支持。

, correspAuthors=赵开功, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**赵开功(1981—),男,山东济宁人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事应急救援、职业健康和安全生产理论与信息化应用方面的工作。E-mail:
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周洪涛 (1982—),男,吉林白山人,本科,助理工程师,主要从事安全生产项目建设与管理方面的工作。E-mail:

张晓蕾,高级工程师;

孔言言,工程师;

王睿迪,工程师。

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周洪涛 (1982—),男,吉林白山人,本科,助理工程师,主要从事安全生产项目建设与管理方面的工作。E-mail:

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周洪涛 (1982—),男,吉林白山人,本科,助理工程师,主要从事安全生产项目建设与管理方面的工作。E-mail:

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张晓蕾,高级工程师;

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张晓蕾,高级工程师;

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孔言言,工程师;

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孔言言,工程师;

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王睿迪,工程师。

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王睿迪,工程师。

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Coal Engineering, 2020, 39(8):1107-1 110., articleTitle=Research on evaluation of fire rescue station construction based on GIS and ratio of response coverage, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1167751001290318235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, awardId=2021JBKY15, language=CN, fundingSource=中国安全生产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2021JBKY15), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1167750998186533221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167750998190727526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, companyId=1167750998186533221, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 National Energy Network Information Technology (Beijing) Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100011,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167750998199116135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, companyId=1167750998186533221, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 国能数智科技开发(北京)有限公司,北京 100011)]), AuthorCompany(id=1167750998308168040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167750998312362345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, companyId=1167750998308168040, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167750998345916778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, companyId=1167750998308168040, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院,北京 100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1167750998480134507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167750998488523116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, companyId=1167750998480134507, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing),Beijing 100083,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1167750998501106029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, companyId=1167750998480134507, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1167751000585675153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Firefighting and rescue capability assessment index system, figureFileSmall=hU/tiMCu6LWNvUKG9yiC4w==, figureFileBig=ayk1VD6A3HMe9mtk+c8Nbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167751000644395411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, language=CN, label=图1, caption=消防救援能力评价指标体系, figureFileSmall=hU/tiMCu6LWNvUKG9yiC4w==, figureFileBig=ayk1VD6A3HMe9mtk+c8Nbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167751000753447317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Judging levels and distribution of score zones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级 很差 较差 中等 优秀 极优
区间 [0,20) [20,40) [40,60) [60,80) [80,100]
), ArticleFig(id=1167751000820556182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

评判等级及评分区间分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级 很差 较差 中等 优秀 极优
区间 [0,20) [20,40) [40,60) [60,80) [80,100]
), ArticleFig(id=1167751000900247959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Influencing factors and their weights

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
首层评估
因素
首层权重 次层评估因素 次层权重
人员素养
A
0.217 指挥员知识水平A1 0.182
指挥员专业经验A2 0.221
战斗员知识水平A3 0.163
战斗员专业经验A4 0.219
战斗员人数A5 0.215
装备配置
B
0.292 消防车辆种类数量B1 0.184
消防车辆性能B2 0.179
灭火救援装备性能B3 0.157
灭火救援装备数量B4 0.148
通讯装备种类数量B5 0.156
通讯装备性能B6 0.176
战术水平
C
0.262 装备操作与维护C1 0.206
日常训练与演练C2 0.311
事故案例总结研讨C3 0.242
信息化水平建设C4 0.241
安全管理
D
0.229 安全理论学习D1 0.263
隐患排查整治D2 0.257
救援机制建设D3 0.241
多部门联合预案D4 0.239
), ArticleFig(id=1167751000975745432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

影响因素及其权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
首层评估
因素
首层权重 次层评估因素 次层权重
人员素养
A
0.217 指挥员知识水平A1 0.182
指挥员专业经验A2 0.221
战斗员知识水平A3 0.163
战斗员专业经验A4 0.219
战斗员人数A5 0.215
装备配置
B
0.292 消防车辆种类数量B1 0.184
消防车辆性能B2 0.179
灭火救援装备性能B3 0.157
灭火救援装备数量B4 0.148
通讯装备种类数量B5 0.156
通讯装备性能B6 0.176
战术水平
C
0.262 装备操作与维护C1 0.206
日常训练与演练C2 0.311
事故案例总结研讨C3 0.242
信息化水平建设C4 0.241
安全管理
D
0.229 安全理论学习D1 0.263
隐患排查整治D2 0.257
救援机制建设D3 0.241
多部门联合预案D4 0.239
), ArticleFig(id=1167751001080603033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Firefighting and rescue index scores

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
首层评估
因素
首层权重 次层评估因素 得分
人员素养
A
0.217 指挥员知识水平A1 79
指挥员专业经验A2 77
战斗员知识水平A3 86
战斗员专业经验A4 75
战斗员人数A5 68
装备配置
B
0.292 消防车辆种类数量B1 88
消防车辆性能B2 68
灭火救援装备性能B3 77
灭火救援装备数量B4 85
通讯装备种类数量B5 84
通讯装备性能B6 79
战术水平
C
0.262 装备操作与维护C1 92
日常训练与演练C2 81
事故案例总结研讨C3 76
信息化水平建设C4 68
安全管理
D
0.229 安全理论学习D1 71
隐患排查整治D2 82
救援机制建设D3 84
多部门联合预案D4 79
), ArticleFig(id=1167751001156100506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259287224623, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

消防救援指标得分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
首层评估
因素
首层权重 次层评估因素 得分
人员素养
A
0.217 指挥员知识水平A1 79
指挥员专业经验A2 77
战斗员知识水平A3 86
战斗员专业经验A4 75
战斗员人数A5 68
装备配置
B
0.292 消防车辆种类数量B1 88
消防车辆性能B2 68
灭火救援装备性能B3 77
灭火救援装备数量B4 85
通讯装备种类数量B5 84
通讯装备性能B6 79
战术水平
C
0.262 装备操作与维护C1 92
日常训练与演练C2 81
事故案例总结研讨C3 76
信息化水平建设C4 68
安全管理
D
0.229 安全理论学习D1 71
隐患排查整治D2 82
救援机制建设D3 84
多部门联合预案D4 79
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煤化工企业消防救援能力评估方法研究
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周洪涛 1 , 赵开功 2, ** , 张晓蕾 3 , 孔言言 1 , 王睿迪 1
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(S1): 205-211
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(S1): 205-211
煤化工企业消防救援能力评估方法研究
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周洪涛1 , 赵开功2, ** , 张晓蕾3, 孔言言1, 王睿迪1
作者信息
  • 1 国能数智科技开发(北京)有限公司,北京 100011
  • 2 北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院,北京 100083
  • 3 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083
  • 周洪涛 (1982—),男,吉林白山人,本科,助理工程师,主要从事安全生产项目建设与管理方面的工作。E-mail:

    张晓蕾,高级工程师;

    孔言言,工程师;

    王睿迪,工程师。

通讯作者:

**赵开功(1981—),男,山东济宁人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事应急救援、职业健康和安全生产理论与信息化应用方面的工作。E-mail:
Research on assessment methods of firefighting and rescue capability of coal chemical enterprises
Hongtao ZHOU1 , Kaigong ZHAO2, ** , Xiaolei ZHANG3, Yanyan KONG1, Ruidi WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 National Energy Network Information Technology (Beijing) Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100011,China
  • 2 School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China
  • 3 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing),Beijing 100083,China
出版时间: 2024-06-30 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0035
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为科学评估消防救援能力,并提出有效的防控火灾风险建议,基于层次分析-模糊综合模型,构建适用于煤化工企业特征的消防救援能力评价体系,并通过具体案例验证该评价指标体系及模型的科学性、适用性和准确性。研究结果表明:随着我国经济社会的蓬勃发展,消防救援任务的范畴逐渐呈现出多元化、复杂化的趋势。在这种日新月异的环境中,消防应急救援是否能够在关键时刻果断、准确、高效地应对,是当前研究亟需解决的关键问题。该评价指标体系和所用的模型方法可为煤化工相关企业的消防救援能力建设提供一个新的视角,为消防救援能力建设提供决策支持。

煤化工  /  消防救援  /  能力评估  /  指标体系  /  层次分析-模糊综合模型

In order to scientifically assess the firefighting and rescue capability and put forward effective suggestions for the prevention and control of fire risks,a firefighting and rescue capability assessment system applicable to the characteristics of coal chemical enterprises was constructed based on the hierarchical analysis-fuzzy comprehensive model. The scientificity,applicability,and accuracy of the assessment index system and the model were verified through specific cases. The research results show that along with the booming development of China's economy and society,the scope of the firefighting and rescue task gradually presents a trend of diversification and complexity. In this ever-changing environment,whether firefighting and emergency rescue are able to respond decisively,accurately,and efficiently at critical moments is a key issue that needs to be solved in the current research. The assessment index system and the modeling method used can provide a new perspective for the firefighting and rescue capability building of coal chemical industry-related enterprises and provide decision support for firefighting and rescue capability building.

coal chemical industry  /  firefighting and rescue  /  capability assessment  /  index system  /  hierarchical analysis-fuzzy comprehensive model
周洪涛, 赵开功, 张晓蕾, 孔言言, 王睿迪. 煤化工企业消防救援能力评估方法研究. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (S1) : 205 -211 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0035
Hongtao ZHOU, Kaigong ZHAO, Xiaolei ZHANG, Yanyan KONG, Ruidi WANG. Research on assessment methods of firefighting and rescue capability of coal chemical enterprises[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (S1) : 205 -211 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0035
近年来,我国消防救援工作面临着更为多样化和复杂化的挑战[1-3]。为进一步加强消防安全管理工作,国务院及其他相关部门已出台一系列相关意见,包括建立火灾隐患排查机制,加强火灾预防措施,采取有针对性的措施来解决突出问题[4-5]。而且,随着社会发展的需要,消防救援队伍的工作任务已经由单一的消防救援转变为综合性应急救援,包括地质灾害救援、灾难事故救援等。这些任务完成的顺利与否取决于救援人员的专业救援能力和职业素养。因此,面对环境的复杂性和多变性,消防救援人员如何在任务中果断、准确并且高效地应对事故现场所出现的问题,成为消防应急救援建设的重要课题[6]
开展消防救援能力评估是消防救援能力建设的重点工作内容,其主要目的是分析和确定城市灾害的分布状况及发展趋势,通过科学的评价方法来评估队伍的救援能力,针对评估结果提出相应的风险防控建议,从而增强消防救援能力建设,减少类似事故的再次发生。目前,学界关于消防救援能力评估的研究较为丰富。詹玮璇等[7]从消防站的特征属性出发,探索消防救援能力覆盖范围的评估方法,并将该方法用于广州市消防站消防救援能力评估;吕显智等[8]构建了消防部队应急救援能力评价指标体系,为消防部队应急救援能力的科学评价和管理决策提供技术支持;沈伟[9]从救援专业队的发展现状出发,构建包含指挥管理、队伍建设、专业培训等六大维度的评价体系,洞察制约队伍发展的瓶颈问题;杨国宏[10]从建队标准、队伍布局、人员构成等7个维度出发,构建了水域救援专业力量体系,在实践中检验了该评价指标体系的科学性与有效性;葛巍巍等[11]从城市发展对公安消防部队应急救援能力提出的新需求出发,探索出基层消防中队应急救援能力评估的新方法,并通过案例检验了评估方法的有效性。然而,目前关于消防救援能力评估方面的研究还不够深入,评价往往仅采用定性研究方法,极大依赖于专家经验和人为判断,很难合理科学地评估出消防救援能力建设的成果[12-13]
由于国内煤炭产业较为发达,笔者基于煤化工消防救援展开研究,对煤化工企业的消防救援能力评估标进行系统化梳理,建立煤化工企业消防救援能力评价指标体系,运用层次分析-模糊综合模型,实现对煤化工企业消防救援能力的评估,并以某煤化工企业为例,对该模型进行检验和论证,以期为煤化工企业消防救援能力建设提供一定的参考。
煤化工企业具有规模庞大,地域分布广泛、专业性强,层次复杂等特点,其中,消防救援能力建设作为煤化工企业绩效考核内容之一受到广泛重视[14]。建立科学、实用、可操作性强、定量化的评价指标体系是实现对煤化工企业消防救援能力客观、公正评价的前提。评价指标选取应遵循以下原则[15-17]:①科学性。评价指标应能够完整、系统、准确地反映煤化工企业消防救援能力建设工作的实际情况。②导向性。评价指标应能够反映消防救援能力建设工作的发展现状和趋势,引导企业提升消防救援建设水平。③可操作性。消防救援能力评价应为衡量企业消防救援能力建设成果提供统一标尺。④可调整性。评价指标体系应具有可扩展、可动态调整性。
通过查阅相关领域的文献综述、进行专家访谈等方法开展指标的搜集与确定工作,结合指标体系构建原则[18-21],参考煤化工企业自身特征对煤化工企业消防救援风险进行识别,确定人员素质、装备配置、战术水平、安全管理这4个二级指标,其中,人员素质主要反映煤化工企业消防救援人员的专业能力和职业素养,装备配置主要反映煤化工企业消防救援能力建设中装备的种类、数量及性能,战术水平是煤化工企业消防救援能力建设的重点,安全管理反映煤化工企业安全宣传与演练、应急措施的深化程度。指标体系详情如图1所示。
1) 人员素养。在消防救援的全生命周期中,指挥员和战斗员的知识水平和专业经验积累,是救援能否取得成功的关键性因素,通过指挥员的综合调度,战斗员的奋力作战,最终取得协作效果。人员素养下设5个指标:指挥员知识水平A1、指挥员专业经验A2、战斗员知识水平A3、战斗员专业经验A4、战斗员人数A5
2) 装备配置。合理配置消防救援装备是圆满完成任务的前提。如果装备配置不合理,将会影响工作效率。装备配置方面设计了6个三级指标:消防车辆种类数量B1、消防车辆性能B2、灭火救援装备性能B3、灭火救援装备数量B4、通信装备种类数量B5、通信装备性能B6
3) 战术水平。通过参与灭火和应急抢险救援工作训练与案例研讨,消防员可以提升自己的战术水平。战术水平包含4个三级指标:装备操作与维护C1、日常训练与演练C2、事故案例总结研讨C3、信息化水平建设C4
4) 安全管理。安全教育和相关理论学习,是做好安全工作的基础,除此之外做好安全隐患排查工作、建立救援机制是加强消防救援建设的有效手段。安全管理下设4个三级指标:安全理论学习D1、隐患排查整治D2、救援机制建设D3、多部门联合预案D4
主流使用的主观赋权法有层次分析法、直接打分法、对比排序法等。客观赋权法则包括独立性权重、主成分分析法、CRITIC法等[22-23];此外,现有的权重融合方法还包括线性组合法、基于最大隶属度的权重组合法等[24-27]
在前人研究基础上,建立煤化工企业消防救援能力评价指标体系,运用层次分析-模糊综合模型,实现对煤化工企业消防救援能力的评估。具体步骤如下:首先,运用层次分析法完成对研究对象的分解,对比同一层中两个元素之间的相对重要程度,建立判断矩阵,完成对各指标重要程度权重的计算。随后,采用模糊数学方法对各个指标的隶属度进行判断,根据计算结果获得评价结论。这一方法的优势是充分结合2种方法,模型直观,操作简单,能够对多层次、多因素问题进行合理分析。
1) 确定第一层影响因素的集合U。假设针对某一评估对象U,共有n个首层因素u,每一个次层有m个因素x,具体数学表达式如下:
U = ( u 1 u 2 u i u n )
u i = ( x 1 x 2 x m )
2) 建立等级描述集合V。评估分类集合V用于描述研究对象的最终状态。
V = { V 1 V 2 V p }
文中设定“很差,较差,中等,优秀,极优”5个等级,即V={ V1V2,…,V5}={很差,较差,中等,优秀,极优}。依据专家评分,确定指标等级,等级评分区间分布见表1
利用5个等级对消防救援能力进行模糊评估。这种方法使得对于较为困难的研究对象能够进行更为细致和准确的评估研究。
3) 次级模糊综合评估。模糊综合评判中,需要从底层向上一层级逐步计算。次层是基于评估矩阵进行计算的。评估矩阵R 计算如下:
R = Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4 = w 1 · t 1 w 2 · t 2 w 3 · t 3 w 4 · t 4
式中:w为各次层因素的权重向量;t为各次层因素的等级评估矩阵;Y为次层因素评估矩阵。
4) 首层模糊综合评估。首层计算如下:
M = Z · R = z 1 z 2 z 3 z 4 · Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4
式中:M为首层因素评估矩阵;Z为首层指标权重;R为次层因素评估矩阵。
选择7名业务骨干作为确定权重的相关专家,其中包括企业生产主管3名、安全总监2名、应急指挥中心主任2名。为减少评估主观性,考虑专家的加权权重,运用层次分析法和模糊综合评估法,以提升结果的可靠性、客观性。
根据每位专家的专业意见和经验判断组成模糊矩阵。利用层次分析法将专家的重要程度数值转化为权重系数。通过下式计算最终指标权重。
P e = 0.2 f e + 0.4 g e + 0.4 h e
式中:P为第e位专家所占的权重数值,(e=1,2,…,l),文中l取7;f为权威性权重;g为熟悉度权重;h为公正性权重。具体赋值由学历或职称等与技术有关可衡量的标准、其他人认为专家对应急救援专业程度的评价等提供。
结合实际,可得专家的权重向量为(0.279 4,0.153 8,0.106 0,0.137 2,0.108 0,0.016 3,0.289 5),该向量为专家的权重向量。权重向量计算结果见表2
以某企业煤化工消防应急救援支队为例开展分析。2023年,该支队共出动203次,出动人员共880人次,成功处置4起对企业产生一定影响的火灾,参与12次抢险救援行动。选取该企业2023年3月份数据,由7位专家综合评判取均值得到指标得分,见表3
运用式(4)、式(5)、式(6),结合表1表3,得到相应的评价结果,以人员素养为例计算:
$\begin{aligned}Y_{1} & =w_{1} \cdot t_{1} \\& =(0.182,0.221,0.163,0.219,0.215) \cdot \\& \left(\begin{array}{llllll}0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0\end{array}\right) \\& =(0,0,0,0.837,0.163)\end{aligned}$
同理得:
Y 2 = ( 0,0 0,0.512,0.488 ) Y 3 = ( 0,0 0,0.483,0.517 ) Y 4 = ( 0,0 0,0.496,0.504 )
评估结果为:
$\begin{aligned}\boldsymbol{M} & =Z \cdot R=\left(\begin{array}{llll}z_{1},& z_{2},& z_{3},& z_{4}\end{array}\right) \cdot\left(\begin{array}{l}Y_{1} \\Y_{2} \\Y_{3} \\Y_{4}\end{array}\right) \\& =\left(\begin{array}{lllll}0.217,& 0.292,& 0.262,& 0.229\end{array}\right) \cdot \\& \left(\begin{array}{lllll}0 & 0 & 0 & 0.163 & 0.837 \\0 & 0 & 0 & 0.512 & 0.488 \\0 & 0 & 0 & 0.483 & 0.517 \\0 & 0 & 0 & 0.496 & 0.504\end{array}\right) \\& =\left(\begin{array}{llll}0,& 0,& 0,& 0.575,0.425\end{array}\right)\end{aligned}$
综上,该支队的最终评估结果M为(0,0,0,0.575,0.425)。根据最大隶属度原则,分析得出该支队在2023年3月份其消防救援能力评估等级为“优秀”。
实践中,该支队在2023年3月圆满完成各项任务,理论学习时长全区排名第一,该评估结果与实际情况相符。
根据表3中的次层评估因素指标得分情况可知:该支队在战斗员数量、消防车辆性能、安全理论学习等方面略有不足,尤其是该支队的信息化水平建设程度较低。
1) 结合煤化工企业自身风险特征建立消防救援能力评估指标体系,该体系包含4个二级指标和19个三级指标。
2) 引入加权权重的确定方法,降低了指标权重的主观性,得到一种适用于煤化工企业特征的基于层次分析-模糊综合模型的消防救援能力评估方法。
3) 案例分析结果表明:所提方法的评估结果符合实际,证明消防救援能力评估模型具备一定的有效性。
  • 中国安全生产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2021JBKY15)
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2024年第34卷第S1期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0035
  • 接收时间:2024-03-20
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-06-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-20
  • 修回日期:2024-05-06
基金
中国安全生产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2021JBKY15)
作者信息
    1 国能数智科技开发(北京)有限公司,北京 100011
    2 北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院,北京 100083
    3 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083

通讯作者:

**赵开功(1981—),男,山东济宁人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事应急救援、职业健康和安全生产理论与信息化应用方面的工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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