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Article(id=1149754259157205792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)S1-0021-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708617600000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-23, revisedDate=1712419200000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752052376784, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1719676800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752052376784, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752052376784, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752052376784, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149754257689194795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='S1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752052376434, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756362003807, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167830145076311009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167830145076311010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=21, endPage=26, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149754259400475425, articleId=1149754259157205792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Occupational safety and psychological health analysis of heavy-haul locomotive crew, columnId=1149733271128420907, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety social science and safety management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to protect the psychological health of heavy-haul locomotive crew and explore the level of psychological health and influencing factors of heavy-haul locomotive crew，a sampling survey was conducted on the health and performance data of locomotive crew. First，the psychological health characteristics corresponding to safety performance were extracted，and psychological standards for the crew were developed. Then，the characteristics of the sampling objects were collected and counted，and influencing factors were analyzed. The results show that the safety attitude and safety thinking of heavy-haul locomotive crew are significantly higher than those of other job groups. At the same time，the psychological state of the heavy-haul locomotive crew is positively correlated with their level of education and negatively correlated with their sleep quality. Meanwhile，conducting psychological state assessments for the heavy-haul locomotive crew is helpful for normalizing psychological health monitoring. By constructing a full-cycle psychological health indicator for key positions，a new method for evaluating the psychological health of heavy-haul locomotive crew is developed，and it can serve as a reference for other industrial and mining enterprises to evaluate the psychological health of key position groups.

, correspAuthors=Kaigong ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhe ZHANG, Kaigong ZHAO, Yun ZHENG, Ting MENG, Changming LI, Yansu LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149754275963781313, articleId=1149754259157205792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=基于重载机车乘务员的职业安全健康心理分析, columnId=1149733271296193071, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全社会科学与安全管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为保障重载机车乘务员的心理健康，探究重载铁路机车乘务员的心理健康水平及影响因素，抽样调查机车乘务员的健康和绩效数据。提取安全绩效对应的心理健康特征，制定乘务员心理标准，并收集和统计抽样对象的特征值，分析各影响因素。结果表明：重载机车乘务员安全态度和安全思想显著高于其他岗位群体，其心理状态与受教育程度成正相关关系，与睡眠质量成负相关关系；开展重载机车乘务员心理状态评估有助于常态化监测心理健康；构建关键岗位人员职业全周期心理健康指标，为重载机车乘务员心理健康提供一种创新的评价方法，也可为其他工矿企业中关键岗位群体的心理健康评估提供借鉴。

, correspAuthors=赵开功, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**赵开功(1981—)，男，山东济宁人，博士，高级工程师，主要从事应急救援、职业健康、安全信息化和安全生产理论与技术等方面的研究。E-mail：。
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张 哲 (1975-)，男，陕西西安人，本科，高级工程师，主要从事安全生产和职业安全健康管理方面的研究。E-mail： 。

郑昀，正高级工程师；

孟婷，工程师；

李长明，工程师；

李严肃，工程师。

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张 哲 (1975-)，男，陕西西安人，本科，高级工程师，主要从事安全生产和职业安全健康管理方面的研究。E-mail： 。

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张 哲 (1975-)，男，陕西西安人，本科，高级工程师，主要从事安全生产和职业安全健康管理方面的研究。E-mail： 。

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郑昀，正高级工程师；

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郑昀，正高级工程师；

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孟婷，工程师；

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孟婷，工程师；

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李长明，工程师；

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李长明，工程师；

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李严肃，工程师。

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李严肃，工程师。

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Framework for occupational safety and psychological health assessment of heavy-haul locomotive crew

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
准则层 指标层
一般心理健康状态 生活满意度
工作满意度
工作家庭冲突
社会支持
生理状态 疲劳
睡眠
躯体症状
饮酒
心理状态 情感
倦怠
抑郁
焦虑
安全特征 安全态度
安全氛围
安全行为
), ArticleFig(id=1167751331382043034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259157205792, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

重载机车乘务员职业健康安全心理评估框架

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
准则层 指标层
一般心理健康状态 生活满意度
工作满意度
工作家庭冲突
社会支持
生理状态 疲劳
睡眠
躯体症状
饮酒
心理状态 情感
倦怠
抑郁
焦虑
安全特征 安全态度
安全氛围
安全行为
), ArticleFig(id=1167751331495289243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259157205792, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sample statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 样本量 百分比/%
年龄 18~25 123 16.04
26~30 198 25.81
31~35 312 40.68
36及以上 134 17.47
教育水平 高中/中专 255 33.16
大专/职大 393 51.11
本科及以上 121 15.73
婚姻状态及
子女数量		 未婚 227 29.91
已婚无子女 77 10.14
已婚1个子女 273 35.97
已婚2个及以上子女 182 23.98
驾驶等级 学员 65 8.45
学习司机 244 31.73
万t司机 268 34.85
2万t司机 192 24.97
), ArticleFig(id=1167751331583369628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259157205792, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

样本情况统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 样本量 百分比/%
年龄 18~25 123 16.04
26~30 198 25.81
31~35 312 40.68
36及以上 134 17.47
教育水平 高中/中专 255 33.16
大专/职大 393 51.11
本科及以上 121 15.73
婚姻状态及
子女数量		 未婚 227 29.91
已婚无子女 77 10.14
已婚1个子女 273 35.97
已婚2个及以上子女 182 23.98
驾驶等级 学员 65 8.45
学习司机 244 31.73
万t司机 268 34.85
2万t司机 192 24.97
), ArticleFig(id=1167751331663061405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259157205792, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Statistical results and overall norms

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指标 均值 标准差
生活满意度 18.71 6.56
工作满意度 13.86 4.02
工作家庭冲突 27.09 8.04
社会支持 54.82 15.55
睡眠 8.68 3.36
躯体症状 1.39 0.95
疲劳 58.74 14.41
酒精使用行为 2.27 2.33
情感平衡 4.20 11.43
抑郁 0.60 0.11
焦虑 57.19 13.32
倦怠 57.69 12.89
情绪稳定性 25.10 5.14
责任心 29.15 4.82
核心自我评价 31.22 6.06
心理弹性 31.70 7.72
压力心态 43.82 8.57
正念注意觉知 53.97 14.27
悖论思维 27.35 6.63
安全氛围 39.37 9.50
安全态度 34.37 6.94
安全行为 23.99 5.13
安全依从 12.36 2.68
安全参与 11.63 2.70
), ArticleFig(id=1167751331725975966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754259157205792, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

统计结果与总体常模

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 均值 标准差
生活满意度 18.71 6.56
工作满意度 13.86 4.02
工作家庭冲突 27.09 8.04
社会支持 54.82 15.55
睡眠 8.68 3.36
躯体症状 1.39 0.95
疲劳 58.74 14.41
酒精使用行为 2.27 2.33
情感平衡 4.20 11.43
抑郁 0.60 0.11
焦虑 57.19 13.32
倦怠 57.69 12.89
情绪稳定性 25.10 5.14
责任心 29.15 4.82
核心自我评价 31.22 6.06
心理弹性 31.70 7.72
压力心态 43.82 8.57
正念注意觉知 53.97 14.27
悖论思维 27.35 6.63
安全氛围 39.37 9.50
安全态度 34.37 6.94
安全行为 23.99 5.13
安全依从 12.36 2.68
安全参与 11.63 2.70
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基于重载机车乘务员的职业安全健康心理分析
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张哲 1 , 赵开功 1, 2, ** , 郑昀 3 , 孟婷 4 , 李长明 2 , 李严肃 2
中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2024,34(S1): 21-26
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2024, 34(S1): 21-26
基于重载机车乘务员的职业安全健康心理分析
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张哲1 , 赵开功1, 2, ** , 郑昀3, 孟婷4, 李长明2, 李严肃2
作者信息
  • 1 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 安全环保监察部，北京 100011
  • 2 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院，北京 100083
  • 3 北京市职业病防治研究院，北京100093
  • 4 国能朔黄铁路发展有限公司 机辆公司，河北 沧州 061100

    • 张 哲 (1975-)，男，陕西西安人，本科，高级工程师，主要从事安全生产和职业安全健康管理方面的研究。E-mail： 。

    郑昀，正高级工程师；

    孟婷，工程师；

    李长明，工程师；

    李严肃，工程师。

通讯作者:

**赵开功(1981—)，男，山东济宁人，博士，高级工程师，主要从事应急救援、职业健康、安全信息化和安全生产理论与技术等方面的研究。E-mail：。
Occupational safety and psychological health analysis of heavy-haul locomotive crew
Zhe ZHANG1 , Kaigong ZHAO1, 2, ** , Yun ZHENG3, Ting MENG4, Changming LI2, Yansu LI2
Affiliations
  • 1 Safety and Environmental Protection Supervision Department，National Energy Investment Group Co.，Ltd.，Beijing 100011，China
  • 2 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering，China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)，Beijing 100083，China
  • 3 Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control，Beijing 100093，China
  • 4 Jiliang Company，Guoneng Shuohuang Railway Development Co.，Ltd.，Cangzhou Hebei 061100，China
出版时间: 2024-06-30 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0021
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摘要
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为保障重载机车乘务员的心理健康，探究重载铁路机车乘务员的心理健康水平及影响因素，抽样调查机车乘务员的健康和绩效数据。提取安全绩效对应的心理健康特征，制定乘务员心理标准，并收集和统计抽样对象的特征值，分析各影响因素。结果表明：重载机车乘务员安全态度和安全思想显著高于其他岗位群体，其心理状态与受教育程度成正相关关系，与睡眠质量成负相关关系；开展重载机车乘务员心理状态评估有助于常态化监测心理健康；构建关键岗位人员职业全周期心理健康指标，为重载机车乘务员心理健康提供一种创新的评价方法，也可为其他工矿企业中关键岗位群体的心理健康评估提供借鉴。

铁路运输  /  重载机车  /  乘务员  /  心理健康  /  抽样调查

In order to protect the psychological health of heavy-haul locomotive crew and explore the level of psychological health and influencing factors of heavy-haul locomotive crew，a sampling survey was conducted on the health and performance data of locomotive crew. First，the psychological health characteristics corresponding to safety performance were extracted，and psychological standards for the crew were developed. Then，the characteristics of the sampling objects were collected and counted，and influencing factors were analyzed. The results show that the safety attitude and safety thinking of heavy-haul locomotive crew are significantly higher than those of other job groups. At the same time，the psychological state of the heavy-haul locomotive crew is positively correlated with their level of education and negatively correlated with their sleep quality. Meanwhile，conducting psychological state assessments for the heavy-haul locomotive crew is helpful for normalizing psychological health monitoring. By constructing a full-cycle psychological health indicator for key positions，a new method for evaluating the psychological health of heavy-haul locomotive crew is developed，and it can serve as a reference for other industrial and mining enterprises to evaluate the psychological health of key position groups.

railway transportation  /  heavy-haul locomotive  /  crew  /  psychological health  /  sampling inspection
张哲, 赵开功, 郑昀, 孟婷, 李长明, 李严肃. 基于重载机车乘务员的职业安全健康心理分析. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (S1) : 21 -26 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0021
Zhe ZHANG, Kaigong ZHAO, Yun ZHENG, Ting MENG, Changming LI, Yansu LI. Occupational safety and psychological health analysis of heavy-haul locomotive crew[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (S1) : 21 -26 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0021
正文
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0 引言
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据统计，2023年我国(不含港澳台地区)一次能源消费结构中，煤炭消费占55.3%[1]。但我国煤炭资源分布不均，需要依靠铁路运输进行能源调配[2]。铁路运输乘务员的心理健康影响着铁路安全，重载机车乘务员容易出现睡眠缺失和生物节律紊乱的情况，对铁路运输产生不利影响。因此，有必要开展铁路重载机车乘务员心理健康及其影响因素研究。
重载机车乘务员面临的高心理素质要求和单调的工作环境加剧了乘务员心理健康不佳的风险。高崇阳等[3]通过问卷调查量化评估重载机车乘务员的安全心理过程。李敬强等[4]调查发现机车控制人员更重视生存和安全需求，在工资收入、休息休假和生活条件等方面满意度低，平衡性差。曹煜红等[5]测量机车乘务员的心理健康状态，发现他们的心理健康水平低于国内常模。姜一洲等[6]使用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表，发现乘务员的年龄、工作年限和居住环境等外部因素成为影响其心理健康的主要因素。王建青等[7]针对141名重载机车乘务员的统计分析也印证了这一比较结果。卫晋红等[8]统计分析重载机车乘务员的心血管功能，发现这一群体的心血管功能因工作性质而受到负面影响。宁维卫等[9]总结近年的研究，发现乘务员心理健康现状不容乐观，且心理健康水平低于全国常模。伍娜等[10]研究发现，在众多影响因素中，员工的心理韧性对个人的压力源与安全行为之间的关系具有调节作用。
目前已有对铁路机车乘务员职业健康状态的研究往往从单一角度出发，忽视了职业健康的综合性，笔者从一般心理健康状态、生理状态、心理状态和安全特征4个方面，对重载铁路乘务员心理健康的影响因素进行探究，并根据评估结果对职业安全健康心理提出针对性的政策建议，以期保障重载机车乘务员的心理健康。
1 理论框架与测量工具
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1.1 理论框架
分析重载机车乘务员职业安全健康心理状态的4组一级指标分别是一般心理健康状态、生理状态、心理状态和安全特征。一般心理健康状态包含生活满意度、工作满意度、工作家庭冲突和社会支持4个二级指标。生理状态包括疲劳、睡眠、躯体症状和饮酒4个二级指标。心理状态包括情感、倦怠、抑郁和焦虑4个二级指标。安全特征包括安全态度、安全氛围和安全行为3个二级指标。
1.2 测量工具
1) 一般心理状态测量工具。包含生活满意度、工作满意度、工作家庭冲突和社会支持4个部分，分别采用Diener量表[11]、Judge量表[12]、Netemeyer量表[13]和Zimet量表[14]。
2) 生理状态指标测量工具。包括疲劳、睡眠、躯体症状和饮酒4个部分，分别采用陈华英量表[15]、PSQI量表[16]、SCL-90量表中的躯体化子量表[17]和AUDIT-C量表[18]开展测量。
3) 心理状态指标测量工具。包含情感、倦怠、抑郁和焦虑，分别采用PANAS量表[19]、MBI-GS量表[20]、SDS量表[21]和SAS量表[22]。
4) 安全特征指标测量工具。设置为态度、氛围和行为，分别采用一般安全态度和安全妥协量表[23]、安全氛围量表和安全行为量表[24]。重载机车乘务员职业健康安全心理评估框架见表1。
2 研究实例
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2.1 样本情况
抽样对象为某铁路运输公司重载机车乘务员，共769人。样本情况统计见表2。
2.2 测量工具信度和效度分析
借助SPSS完成对数据的信度和效度分析。总体而言，各量表的信效度良好。一般心理状态量表信度范围为0.77~0.95，与相应校标相关达0.3以上。生理状态量表除睡眠外，各量表信度范围为0.60~0.95，与相应校标相关达0.17以上。睡眠量表信度较低的原因可能由于火车司机睡眠不规律，在主观填写关于睡眠时间相关问题时，无法给出稳定的答案。心理状态量表信度范围为0.84~0.96，与相应相关达0.45以上。
3 研究结果
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3.1 描述性统计结果与常模建立
抽样调查统计结果与总体常模见表3。
3.2 与现有常模对比结果
心理卫生量表手册[25]中对于焦虑自评量表的中国正常人常模分数为总分均值29.78±0.46，重载机车乘务员的焦虑总分均值为57.19±13.32，焦虑程度明显高于全国常模。心理卫生量表手册中正负情感量表的平均分为6.7分，重载机车乘务员的情感平衡均分为4.2分，心理满意程度低于美国常模。
基于金华等[26]对SCL-90的常模(1 388人)测查数据，躯体化均分为1.37±0.48;基于童辉杰[27]对常模的测查结果，躯体化均分为1.42±0.44。重载机车乘务员的该项均分为1.39±0.95，躯体化严重程度高于1986年全国常模，但低于2006年全国常模。与铁路乘务员常模比较，铁路乘务员躯体化均分为1.72±0.66，重载机车乘务员的躯体化严重程度低于铁路货车常模。
基于自评抑郁量[28]表评分标准，重载机车乘务员的抑郁总分均值为0.60，处于较严重抑郁状态。基于PSQI量表评分[29]标准，重载机车乘务员的PSQI总分为8.68，说明睡眠质量不好。
3.3 不同年龄群体的分析结果
1) 一般心理状态。一般心理状态各量表得分如图1所示，一般心理状态各量表在年龄间均无显著差异。
2) 生理状态。生理状态各量表得分如图2所示，生理状态各量表在年龄间均无显著差异。
3) 心理状态。心理状态各量表得分如图3所示，可见心理状态各量表在年龄间均无显著差异。
4) 安全特征。安全特征各量表得分如图4所示，安全特征各量表在年龄间均无显著差异。
3.4 不同受教育水平群体的分析结果
1) 一般心理状态。一般心理状态各量表得分如图5所示，一般心理状态各量表在受教育水平间均无显著差异。
2) 生理状态。生理状态各量表得分如图6所示，生理状态各量表在受教育水平间除疲劳外均无显著差异。但不同受教育水平群体在疲劳间存在显著差异。联合假设检验F(2，766)=3.40，p值为0.034，偏η2为0.009。
3) 心理状态。心理状态各量表得分如图7所示，心理状态各量表在受教育水平间均无显著差异。
4) 安全特征。安全特征各量表得分如图8所示，安全态度在受教育水平间差异显著，F(2，766)= 3.77，p=0.024，偏η2=0.010。安全行为在受教育水平间差异显著，F(2，766)=7.83，p<0.001，偏η2=0.020。
4 结论
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1) 通过对重载机车乘务员职业安全健康心理的统计分析，发现受教育程度影响安全意识和安全心理状态。与高等教育本科以上学历的群体相比，本科以下群体疲劳水平更高，责任心更差，安全态度与安全行为程度更低。
2) 重载机车乘务员安全态度和安全思想显著高于其他岗位群体。2万t机车乘务员岗位与其他岗位相比，其心理状态和疲劳程度较好，安全责任心、心理弹性和核心自我评价较高。
3) 重载机车乘务员睡眠质量改善有助于心理健康。与全国常模相比，其躯体化症状严重程度低于全国常模，睡眠质量不高。未婚群体睡眠状态最差，已婚群体子女数量越多，睡眠质量越差。心理满意程度低于美国常模，抑郁程度较高，焦虑状态高于全国常模。
文献
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2024年第34卷第S1期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0021
  • 接收时间：2024-02-23
  • 首发时间：2025-07-09
  • 出版时间：2024-06-30
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  • 收稿日期：2024-02-23
  • 修回日期：2024-04-07
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    1 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 安全环保监察部，北京 100011
    2 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院，北京 100083
    3 北京市职业病防治研究院，北京100093
    4 国能朔黄铁路发展有限公司 机辆公司，河北 沧州 061100

通讯作者:

**赵开功(1981—)，男，山东济宁人，博士，高级工程师，主要从事应急救援、职业健康、安全信息化和安全生产理论与技术等方面的研究。E-mail：。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0021
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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