Article(id=1149754258905547549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)S1-0212-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0031, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710172800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-12, revisedDate=1715702400000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752052376723, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1719676800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752052376723, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752052376723, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752052376723, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149754257689194795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='S1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752052376434, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756362003807, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1167830145076311009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1167830145076311010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149754257689194795, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=212, endPage=218, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149754259132039967, articleId=1149754258905547549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Fire detection technology in open-pit mines based on infrared images and target detection, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to detect the spontaneous combustion of coal gangue in open-pit mines in time and avoid greater losses caused by the spread of fire,the technology of spontaneous combustion and fire detection in open-pit mines based on infrared thermal imaging and deep learning was studied. As a result,the problem that a single detection method cannot achieve all-round spontaneous combustion and fire detection of coal gangue in large open-pit mines was solved. First,it was proposed to realize spontaneous combustion and fire detection in different areas through infrared thermal imaging and fire image target recognition,and a spontaneous combustion recognition of coal seam and early warning system architecture of open-pit mines was built. Then,thermal imaging equipment fixed on the ground of the open-pit mine was used to capture infrared images of the coal gangue area where no fire has occurred in real time and monitor the temperature changes of the coal gangue. Finally,the drone with an airborne camera was used to take photos of coal seams,waste piles,and surrounding environments,and then a fire detection model was built through the YOLOv8 target detection algorithm based on deep learning,so as to realize the detection of image targets of flames and smoke,thereby completing fire detection and early warning. The results show that the joint detection technology based on thermal infrared images and flame and smoke image recognition has an average detection accuracy of 70.5% for flames and an average recognition accuracy of 74% for smoke,which can meet the detection needs of spontaneous combustion and fire in open-pit mines.

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为及时发现露天矿煤矸自燃,避免火势蔓延而造成更大损失,对于露天矿面积大、单一检测方法无法做到全方位的煤矸自燃和火灾探测,研究基于红外热成像和深度学习的露天矿自燃和火灾探测技术。首先,提出通过红外热成像和火灾图像目标识别的方法实现不同区域的自燃和火灾探测,构建露天矿煤层自燃识别与预警系统架构;然后,利用固定在露天矿地面上的热成像设备实时拍摄未发生火灾的煤矸区域的红外图像,监测煤矸温度的变化情况;最后,利用无人机机载摄像头拍摄煤层、矸石山和周边环境的照片,并基于深度学习的YOLOv8目标检测算法构建火灾探测模型,实现火焰和烟雾图像目标的检测,从而完成火灾的检测与报警。结果表明:基于热红外图像和火焰、烟雾图像识别的联合探测技术,对于火焰的检测平均精度为70.5%、烟雾的的平均识别准确率为74%,能够满足露天矿现场对于自燃和火灾的探测需求。

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于海成 (1991—),男,河北昌黎人,本科,助理工程师,主要从事机电管理方面的工作。E-mail:

田 羽,工程师;

李庆健,工程师;

李新鹏,工程师;

薛国庆,工程师;

张玉华,工程师。

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于海成 (1991—),男,河北昌黎人,本科,助理工程师,主要从事机电管理方面的工作。E-mail:

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张玉华,工程师。

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journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754258905547549, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparative experiment of detection

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检测目标 检测算法 检测准确率/% 检测时间/s
火焰 文中所建方法 70.5 0.057
ALexNet 60.3 5.887
Adaboost 56.7 0.981
烟雾 文中所建方法 74.0 0.065
ALexNet 62.8 6.134
Adaboost 59.3 0.678
), ArticleFig(id=1167751365901169617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149754258905547549, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

检测对比试验

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检测目标 检测算法 检测准确率/% 检测时间/s
火焰 文中所建方法 70.5 0.057
ALexNet 60.3 5.887
Adaboost 56.7 0.981
烟雾 文中所建方法 74.0 0.065
ALexNet 62.8 6.134
Adaboost 59.3 0.678
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基于红外图像和目标检测的露天矿火灾探测技术
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于海成 , 田羽 , 李庆健 , 李新鹏 , 薛国庆 , 张玉华
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(S1): 212-218
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(S1): 212-218
基于红外图像和目标检测的露天矿火灾探测技术
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于海成 , 田羽, 李庆健, 李新鹏, 薛国庆, 张玉华
作者信息
  • 国家能源集团 宝日希勒能源有限公司露天煤矿,内蒙古 呼伦贝尔 021008
  • 于海成 (1991—),男,河北昌黎人,本科,助理工程师,主要从事机电管理方面的工作。E-mail:

    田 羽,工程师;

    李庆健,工程师;

    李新鹏,工程师;

    薛国庆,工程师;

    张玉华,工程师。

Fire detection technology in open-pit mines based on infrared images and target detection
Haicheng YU , Yu TIAN, Qingjian LI, Xinpeng LI, Guoqing XUE, Yuhua ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Open-pit Coal Mine of Baori Shiller Energy Co.,Ltd.,National Energy Group,Hulunbuir Inner Mongolia 021008,China
出版时间: 2024-06-30 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0031
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为及时发现露天矿煤矸自燃,避免火势蔓延而造成更大损失,对于露天矿面积大、单一检测方法无法做到全方位的煤矸自燃和火灾探测,研究基于红外热成像和深度学习的露天矿自燃和火灾探测技术。首先,提出通过红外热成像和火灾图像目标识别的方法实现不同区域的自燃和火灾探测,构建露天矿煤层自燃识别与预警系统架构;然后,利用固定在露天矿地面上的热成像设备实时拍摄未发生火灾的煤矸区域的红外图像,监测煤矸温度的变化情况;最后,利用无人机机载摄像头拍摄煤层、矸石山和周边环境的照片,并基于深度学习的YOLOv8目标检测算法构建火灾探测模型,实现火焰和烟雾图像目标的检测,从而完成火灾的检测与报警。结果表明:基于热红外图像和火焰、烟雾图像识别的联合探测技术,对于火焰的检测平均精度为70.5%、烟雾的的平均识别准确率为74%,能够满足露天矿现场对于自燃和火灾的探测需求。

红外热成像  /  露天矿  /  火灾探测  /  煤层自燃  /  深度学习

In order to detect the spontaneous combustion of coal gangue in open-pit mines in time and avoid greater losses caused by the spread of fire,the technology of spontaneous combustion and fire detection in open-pit mines based on infrared thermal imaging and deep learning was studied. As a result,the problem that a single detection method cannot achieve all-round spontaneous combustion and fire detection of coal gangue in large open-pit mines was solved. First,it was proposed to realize spontaneous combustion and fire detection in different areas through infrared thermal imaging and fire image target recognition,and a spontaneous combustion recognition of coal seam and early warning system architecture of open-pit mines was built. Then,thermal imaging equipment fixed on the ground of the open-pit mine was used to capture infrared images of the coal gangue area where no fire has occurred in real time and monitor the temperature changes of the coal gangue. Finally,the drone with an airborne camera was used to take photos of coal seams,waste piles,and surrounding environments,and then a fire detection model was built through the YOLOv8 target detection algorithm based on deep learning,so as to realize the detection of image targets of flames and smoke,thereby completing fire detection and early warning. The results show that the joint detection technology based on thermal infrared images and flame and smoke image recognition has an average detection accuracy of 70.5% for flames and an average recognition accuracy of 74% for smoke,which can meet the detection needs of spontaneous combustion and fire in open-pit mines.

infrared thermal imaging  /  open-pit mine  /  fire detection  /  spontaneous combustion of coal seam  /  deep learning
于海成, 田羽, 李庆健, 李新鹏, 薛国庆, 张玉华. 基于红外图像和目标检测的露天矿火灾探测技术. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (S1) : 212 -218 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0031
Haicheng YU, Yu TIAN, Qingjian LI, Xinpeng LI, Guoqing XUE, Yuhua ZHANG. Fire detection technology in open-pit mines based on infrared images and target detection[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (S1) : 212 -218 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0031
煤、矸自燃会对露天煤矿造成巨大的资源损失、环境污染和生态破坏等影响,甚至会危及人员的生命安全[1-2]。露天煤矿煤、矸自燃的探测技术是煤矿企业乃至煤矿火灾领域的热点问题[3]
针对煤层隐蔽火源探测问题,郭军等[4]分析了煤矿井下隐蔽火源探测技术的研究发展现状,对比各类探测技术手段优缺点,提出基于声学法的煤体温度场重构方法,为采空区隐蔽火源的精准探测技术的发展提供了新的研究方向。汪云甲等[5]将煤田隐蔽火源多源遥感探测问题抽象为同源、多象、多像关键节点及同源多象—象像映射—源象传递—多像识源研究链条进行分析,并在此基础上探讨煤田隐蔽火源多源遥感探测的技术瓶颈,展望了地下煤火多源天-空-地-井协同感知认知研究的发展方向。费金彪等[6]采用测氡法探测了陕西神木刘家峁煤矿煤层因外因形成的火区,结果表明:测氡法火源探测技术探测浅埋煤层外因火灾形成的火区对位置和范围切实可行。李峰等[7]针对传统地面测氡法存在特定条件限制、地球化学意义不明显等问题,通过分析地下煤层自燃火区地面测氡采集到的数据,分别应用传统方法和分形理论法确定氡值的异常下限,并通过比较二者之间的关系确定的异常下限以及所圈定的火区范围发现分形理论法圈定的火区范围更加合理。李鑫等[8]采用红外热成像仪,研究由煤和顶底板岩组成的复合煤岩与泥岩受载变形直至破裂过程中表面红外辐射温度的演化特征,结果表明:复合煤岩和泥岩试样加载产生红外辐射的物理机制一致,均存在热弹效应和摩擦热效应。文虎等[9]采用红外成像技术探测河北煤矿主斜井火区,实现了煤层火源位置、范围和燃烧程度的快速检测。上述学者研究的检测方法虽然能够实现火灾露天矿自燃和火灾的探测,但所使用的测试仪器和测试方法较复杂,不便于在面积较大、环境复杂的露天煤矿部署。
鉴于此,为及时发现露天矿煤矸自燃和火灾,笔者拟采用红外热成像和火灾图像目标识别的方法实现不同区域的自燃和火灾探测,利用热成像设备实时拍摄煤矸区域的红外图像,监测煤矸温度的变化情况,基于深度学习的YOLOv8目标检测算法构建火灾探测模型,实现火焰和烟雾图像目标的检测,以期为露天煤矿火灾防治奠定理论基础。
露天煤矿煤层自燃探测技术主要通过2种方式实现不同区域和自燃性质的检测。
1) 利用固定在露天矿地面上的热成像设备,实时拍摄未发生火灾的煤矸区域的红外图像,监测煤矸温度的变化情况,以达到自燃预警的目的。
2) 利用无人机机载摄像头拍摄煤层、矸石山和周边环境的照片,然后通过火焰和烟雾图像检测算法实现火灾的检测与报警。通过第4代移动通信及其技术(4G)、第5代移动通信其技术(5G)通信网络将拍摄到的图像发送到地面火灾检测硬件系统。系统通过基于YOLOv8算法的火灾火焰和烟雾检测模型检测发生火灾后产生的火灾和烟雾,检测结果通过线路或基站传送到数据库中并发送到监控中心。系统架构如图1所示。
固定式探测设备可针对有限范围内的目标进行热成像探测,而无人机设备探测范围更广,能够监测固定式探测设备无法探测的盲区。
文中的煤层自燃检测系统被应用于宝日希勒露天煤矿,该系统需要依托高传输效率和高可靠性的通信网络。宝日希勒露天煤矿实现了先进的独立组网模式(Stand Aloner,SA),实现了5G网络、4G网络和无线热点网络(Access Point,AP)的“三网”建设,及生产中心区域的全网络覆盖,并基于此网络实现监控数据的上传,实现生产区域设备、人员的安全监控和管理[10-11]。网络覆盖区域如图2所示。
通过现场安装红外热成像摄像头,以设备的热状态分布为依据提取煤层温度数据、采集并加以分析,在煤层表面温度升高的同时分析煤层内部的温度变化情况,实现异常温度自动预警功能,及时提醒工作人员处理发热的煤层,降低自燃概率,从而消除煤炭火灾隐患。
红外热成像技术是一种通过探测或转换物体发出的红外热辐射来获取物体温度分布的技术。其工作原理主要包括2部分:①红外热辐射的探测和转换。红外热成像系统中,使用特殊的光学组件和光电探测器,将物体发出的红外热辐射转换为电压信号。当红外辐射射入探测器时,光电探测器吸收光能,将红外辐射转化为电子能,进而转换为电压信号。信号的大小与红外热辐射的波长有关,不同波长的红外辐射由不同的光电探测器捕捉和转换。②红外热辐射的图像处理和呈现。红外图像系统还包括一个图像电路板和处理芯片。通过图像电路板,将从光电探测器中获取的红外辐射分布的电子信号进行处理和放大。处理芯片接收到放大后的电子信号,将其转换为数字形式的视频图像信号,随后再由监视器或显示器进行显示,形成红外图像,以便于观察和分析物体的温度分布,实现从电信号到光信号的转换。总的来说,红外热成像技术就是利用光学组件和光电探测器将红外热辐射转换为电压信号,并通过图像电路板和处理芯片将其转换为数字形式的视频图像信号,最终呈现在监视器上[12-14],得到能够反映物体温度分布的红外图像。红外热成像原理如图3所示。
传统基于红外图像的煤矸自燃判别方法通常采用直接判别煤矸红外图像中的温度识别煤层自燃可能性,但此方法容易受环境温度影响而造成误判,因此,文中采用相对温差法判别煤矸的温度,按照下式求取相对温差α,然后通过相对温差来判断煤矸自燃可能性:
α = τ 1 - τ 2 τ 1 × 100 %
式中:τ1为发生自燃区域的温度,℃;τ2为无自燃区域的温度,℃。
以宝日希勒露天煤矿为研究背景,开展基于红外热成像的煤矸自燃监测试验研究,试验情况如图4所示。
通过长达数月的现场监测表明:文中所研究的方法可全天候监测煤层发热情况,及时发现煤层异常温升并发出报警。
采用基于深度学习的YOLOv8算法检测露天矿煤矸发生火灾后的火焰和烟雾图像,进而及时向指挥中心发出报警。YOLOv8和上一代算法一样,均是由输入端Input层、主干网络模块Backbone 层、特征融合Neck层和输出端 Head 层组成的整体架构[15-16]。基于YOLOv8算法的露天矿煤矸火灾火焰、烟雾图像检测架构如图5所示。
输入端Input层任务是将准备检测的火焰和烟雾图像输入到整个网络中;然后由主干网络模块Backbone 层提取火焰和烟雾的图像特征并将 提取得到的特征输入到特征融合倒Neck层中,Neck 层对特征进行池化和特征融合;最后将火焰和烟雾的检测结果通过输出端 Head 层输出[17-18]
文中采用基于深度学习的YOLOv8算法,该算法是基于深度学习模式实现的,因此,对计算算力要求较高,需要使用较高的计算机硬件配置。文中图形处理器(Graphics Processing Unit,GPU)选用24 G显存、中央处理器(Central Processing Unit,CPU)选用32线程核心。在Ubuntu18.06系统中基于Pytorch1.8.0深度学习框架完成烟雾和火灾检测模型的搭建。算法主要参数设置如下:起始学习率和终点学习率为0.01、epochs=200、cls=0.5 、Momentum=0.95。
由于露天矿真实火灾图像样本较少,因此,部分样本选用森林、山区等发生火灾时的火焰、烟雾图像,共计3 000张样本图像,按照7∶3的比例分成训练样本集和测试样本集。训练过程如图6所示。
使用训练好的检测模型识别火灾现场情况,如图7所示。
图7可知:无论白天和夜晚,文中建立的基于深度学习的YOLOv8算法的火灾火焰和烟雾检测模型均能较好地识别图像中的大小火焰及烟雾,其中,火焰区域越大,识别准确率越高,能够为监控人员提供火灾预警信息。
为了量化评价检测模型的检测效果,使用准确率P、召回率R、平均精度均值(mean Average Precision,mAP)等参数作为检测模型的评价指标。检测模型的准确度、召回率变化曲线如图8所示。
图8可知:基于YOLOv8算法的火灾火焰和烟雾检测模型对火焰的检测平均精度为70.5%、烟雾的平均识别准确率为74%,基本能够满足露天矿现场对于火灾的监测。
为验证文中所建模型的火灾识别效果,同时使用基于AlexNet 算法以及Adaboost 算法研究火焰和烟雾目标图像检测识别问题,多种方法的检测效果对比见表1
表1可知:使用基于YOLOv8算法的检测方法相比其他2种检测算法具有更高的检测准确率和更快的检测速度,更适合高速变化场景的图像检测。YOLOv8算法在训练时使用了大规模的标注数据集,通过引入数据增强技术增加模型的泛化能力,能够检测出各种不同类别和尺寸的目标,且对小目标的检测效果也有所提升。与其他 YOLO 版本相比,YOLOv8算法在准确性、速度和通用性方面都有所提升。
1) 基于热红外图像和火焰、烟雾图像识别的联合探测技术可全天候监测煤层发热情况,及时发现煤层异常温升并发出报警。
2) 通过无人机机载摄像头对煤层、矸石山和周边环境的图片拍摄,利用基于YOLOv8的火焰和烟雾图像检测算法可以实现火灾的检测与报警。
3) 基于YOLOv8算法的火焰和烟雾图像检测算法对于火焰的检测平均精度为70.5%、烟雾的的平均识别准确率为74%,基本能够满足露天矿现场对于火灾的监测。
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2024年第34卷第S1期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0031
  • 接收时间:2024-03-12
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-06-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-12
  • 修回日期:2024-05-15
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    国家能源集团 宝日希勒能源有限公司露天煤矿,内蒙古 呼伦贝尔 021008
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
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species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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