Article(id=1149743091055247665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149743083069288795, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)06-0048-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.0987, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702483200000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-14, revisedDate=1710691200000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049714101, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1719504000000, pubDateStr=2024-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049714101, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049714101, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049714101, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149743083069288795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752049712197, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756468919644, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1168278582599098697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149743083069288795, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1168278582599098698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149743083069288795, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=48, endPage=56, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149743091327877433, articleId=1149743091055247665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Response determination of multi-story frame-rocking wall structure under non-stationary random seismic excitation, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Frame-rocking wall was a composite self-resetting structure that could effectively improve the seismic resistance and toughness of buildings. To fully understand the random response characteristics of structures under earthquakes,a simplified nonlinear equation for a multi-degree-of-freedom frame-rocking wall structure was constructed,and an equivalent linear dynamic equation with time-varying parameters was constructed based on the assumption of pseudo harmonic behavior in response using equivalent linearization. Further,based on the principle of random averaging,the Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov(FPK) equation could be derived to determine the time evolution form of probability density function(PDF) for controlling the amplitude of the response,and ultimately the first-order differential equation for the time-dependent variance of the random response could be obtained. Finally,a computational model was constructed using a framework of a certain teaching building as a sample for validation. The results show that the approximate analytical method has excellent accuracy,and while ensuring the accuracy of the random response time-related variance,it can improve the efficiency of analysis compared to traditional Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) methods. In the results of non-steady ground motion power spectrum models in separable and non-separable forms,the trend of the random response variance curve is related to the form of random seismic excitation,and its segmentation points show obvious unsmooth phenomena under the action of segmented modulation of non-stationary spectra. The results under different types of random seismic excitation disturbances demonstrate the excellent applicability of this method.

, correspAuthors=Yuanjin ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yinghua SONG, Jian MA, Yuanjin ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149743108713268208, articleId=1149743091055247665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=非平稳随机地震激励下多层框架-摇摆墙结构的响应分析, columnId=1149733269727526997, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全工程技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

框架-摇摆墙是一种可有效提高建筑抗震性和韧性的组合自复位结构,为充分了解其在地震下的随机响应特性,构建多自由度框架-摇摆墙结构的简化非线性方程,并利用等效线性化,基于响应的伪谐波行为假设,构建含时变参数的等效线性动力方程;基于随机平均的原理,得出控制响应幅值概率密度函数(PDF)的时间演变形式的福克-普朗克-科尔莫哥洛夫(FPK)方程,最终得出随机响应时间相关方差的一阶微分方程;并以某教学楼一榀框架为样本构建算例模型进行验证。结果表明:近似解析方法具有优异的精确度,在保证随机响应时间相关方差准确性的前提下,相对于传统的蒙特卡罗模拟(MCS)方法可提高分析的效率;在可分离形式和不可分离形式的非平稳地震动功率谱模型的结果中,随机响应方差曲线趋势与随机地震激励的形式相关,且在分段式调制非平稳谱作用下其分段点表现出很明显的不平滑现象;不同类型的随机地震激励扰动下的结果证明了此方法优异的适用性。

, correspAuthors=张远进, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**张远进(1988—),男,湖北武汉人,博士,讲师,主要从事随机动力学方面的研究。E-mail:
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宋英华 (1962—),男,湖北武汉人,博士,教授,主要从事公共安全与应急管理、公共管理、协同决策等方面的研究。E-mail:

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宋英华 (1962—),男,湖北武汉人,博士,教授,主要从事公共安全与应急管理、公共管理、协同决策等方面的研究。E-mail:

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articleId=1149743091055247665, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Frame structure beam column data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构件 尺寸/(mm×mm) 混凝土强度 钢筋强度 主筋直径/mm 主筋数量 箍筋配置
450×450 C35 HRB400 25 8 Φ8@200
200×600 C35 HRB400 16 5 Φ8@200
), ArticleFig(id=1168181815874429614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743091055247665, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

框架结构梁柱数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构件 尺寸/(mm×mm) 混凝土强度 钢筋强度 主筋直径/mm 主筋数量 箍筋配置
450×450 C35 HRB400 25 8 Φ8@200
200×600 C35 HRB400 16 5 Φ8@200
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非平稳随机地震激励下多层框架-摇摆墙结构的响应分析
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宋英华 , 马建 , 张远进 **
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(6): 48-56
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(6): 48-56
非平稳随机地震激励下多层框架-摇摆墙结构的响应分析
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宋英华 , 马建, 张远进**
作者信息
  • 武汉理工大学 安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北 武汉 430070
  • 宋英华 (1962—),男,湖北武汉人,博士,教授,主要从事公共安全与应急管理、公共管理、协同决策等方面的研究。E-mail:

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**张远进(1988—),男,湖北武汉人,博士,讲师,主要从事随机动力学方面的研究。E-mail:
Response determination of multi-story frame-rocking wall structure under non-stationary random seismic excitation
Yinghua SONG , Jian MA, Yuanjin ZHANG**
Affiliations
  • School of Safety Science and Emergency Management,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China
出版时间: 2024-06-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.0987
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框架-摇摆墙是一种可有效提高建筑抗震性和韧性的组合自复位结构,为充分了解其在地震下的随机响应特性,构建多自由度框架-摇摆墙结构的简化非线性方程,并利用等效线性化,基于响应的伪谐波行为假设,构建含时变参数的等效线性动力方程;基于随机平均的原理,得出控制响应幅值概率密度函数(PDF)的时间演变形式的福克-普朗克-科尔莫哥洛夫(FPK)方程,最终得出随机响应时间相关方差的一阶微分方程;并以某教学楼一榀框架为样本构建算例模型进行验证。结果表明:近似解析方法具有优异的精确度,在保证随机响应时间相关方差准确性的前提下,相对于传统的蒙特卡罗模拟(MCS)方法可提高分析的效率;在可分离形式和不可分离形式的非平稳地震动功率谱模型的结果中,随机响应方差曲线趋势与随机地震激励的形式相关,且在分段式调制非平稳谱作用下其分段点表现出很明显的不平滑现象;不同类型的随机地震激励扰动下的结果证明了此方法优异的适用性。

非平稳  /  随机地震  /  框架-摇摆墙结构  /  响应分析  /  随机平均

Frame-rocking wall was a composite self-resetting structure that could effectively improve the seismic resistance and toughness of buildings. To fully understand the random response characteristics of structures under earthquakes,a simplified nonlinear equation for a multi-degree-of-freedom frame-rocking wall structure was constructed,and an equivalent linear dynamic equation with time-varying parameters was constructed based on the assumption of pseudo harmonic behavior in response using equivalent linearization. Further,based on the principle of random averaging,the Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov(FPK) equation could be derived to determine the time evolution form of probability density function(PDF) for controlling the amplitude of the response,and ultimately the first-order differential equation for the time-dependent variance of the random response could be obtained. Finally,a computational model was constructed using a framework of a certain teaching building as a sample for validation. The results show that the approximate analytical method has excellent accuracy,and while ensuring the accuracy of the random response time-related variance,it can improve the efficiency of analysis compared to traditional Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) methods. In the results of non-steady ground motion power spectrum models in separable and non-separable forms,the trend of the random response variance curve is related to the form of random seismic excitation,and its segmentation points show obvious unsmooth phenomena under the action of segmented modulation of non-stationary spectra. The results under different types of random seismic excitation disturbances demonstrate the excellent applicability of this method.

non-stationary  /  random earthquake  /  frame-rocking wall structure  /  response analysis  /  stochastic average
宋英华, 马建, 张远进. 非平稳随机地震激励下多层框架-摇摆墙结构的响应分析. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (6) : 48 -56 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.0987
Yinghua SONG, Jian MA, Yuanjin ZHANG. Response determination of multi-story frame-rocking wall structure under non-stationary random seismic excitation[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (6) : 48 -56 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.0987
地震严重影响建筑结构的稳定性。1963年,HOUSNER[1]提出摇摆结构能增强结构在地震中的稳定性,至此,自复位结构进入各学者的视野。研究发现,自复位结构优异的性质使它在地震影响后仅需轻微修复甚至不需修复便可再次使用,而框架-摇摆墙则是隶属于自复位结构的一种有效组合抗震系统,一般使用于学校、高楼等多自由度系统。由于地震作用具有很明显的随机特性,进行多自由度框架-摇摆墙结构的随机非平稳分析显得十分必要。
目前,框架-摇摆墙结构的分析主要集中于试验研究、数值分析和理论分析3个方面。试验研究方面,各学者针对连接方式[2]、构造[3-4]以及摇摆墙的受控约束条件[5]等,采用振动台或拟静力试验进行抗震性能分析,揭示了不同扰动下摇摆墙结构的响应特性。有限元数值分析方面,通常运用数值计算软件进行静力或动力时程分析,探究不同结构[6-7]、不同连接位置[8-9]等对框架摇摆墙结构抗震性能的影响。理论分析方面,研究多集中于参数模型及受力分析,如李青倩等[10]分析了变刚度框架-摇摆墙的参数模型;刘汉赋等[11]借鉴框架-剪力墙的受力分析思路,在考虑铰接的情况下,构建简化的框架-摇摆墙的刚体-多自由度分析模型。
现实中,地震地面运动的随机特性不容忽视,HU Huiying等[12]针对单自由度自复位结构,基于随机平均理论得出随机响应幅值的福克-普朗克-科尔莫哥洛夫(Fokker Planck Kolmogorov,FPK)方程,并最终得出稳态概率密度函数(Probability Density Function,PDF)的数值解;胡晓斌等[13]基于等效线性法构建出单自由度自复位结构随机地震响应的求解流程。显然,单自由度自复位系统的动力方程已经表现出明显的非线性部分,而等效线性化技术是一种非常有效的非线性分析方法。郭秀秀等[14]运用等效线性化技术分析了改进Bouc-Wen模型在地震扰动下的响应;YOSHIDA等[15]运用等效线性化技术分析了一类高层建筑在不同地震作用下的响应。综上,对非线性框架-摇摆墙结构的随机地震分析需要构建合理的动力模型及运动方程,将研究从单自由度拓展至复杂的多自由度系统。另一方面,分析复杂多自由度系统常常采用蒙特卡罗模拟(Monte Carlo Simulation,MCS)方法,可较为精确得到响应的均值、方差等特征,但其精确性与MCS的次数相关联,效率往往较低。
随机平均是处理随机非线性动力系统问题的一种高效近似方法,有着广泛的应用。韩仁杰等[16]利用随机平均法结合统计线性化技术,分析了确定性和随机激励作用下非线性系统的特征;胡慧瑛等[17]针对自复位结构,基于随机平均法得出响应幅值的稳态PDF;SPANOS等[18]提出一种基于希尔伯特变换的随机平均法,绕过了先确定等效固有频率的要求,具有更高的分析灵活性;DOS等[19]利用希尔伯特变换的随机平均法,开发了一种半解析技术,用于确定随机激发非线性振荡器的时变幸存概率和超越时间PDF。
综上,现阶段研究多基于少量特定地震样本进行确定性分析,对复杂的框架-摇摆墙结构地震响应的随机性研究不够充分;而MCS虽然可得出反映随机特性[20-23]的响应均值及方差,但在效率上却存在一定的不足。鉴于此,笔者拟基于简化多自由度框架-摇摆墙结构运动方程,并结合随机平均法提出一种高效准确的随机地震响应分析方法,以期为多自由度框架-摇摆墙结构后续的可靠性分析建立理论基础。
针对高宽比不大的自复位墙,在小位移情况下,可认为墙体在随机激励作用下底部两端仅有轻微的损伤,而在整体上仍为刚体[24-25]。在框架和摇摆墙铰接的情况下,采用刚体-多自由度分析模型[11]分析墙体在随机地震激励下的弹性反应。多自由度框架-摇摆墙铰接体系模型如图1所示。
框架-摇摆墙在随机地震激励的作用下会发生逆时针与顺时针的偏转,其受力情况如图2所示。其中, b h l α分别代表摇摆墙尺寸数据的宽度、高度、对角线长度的一半、对角线与垂直线的夹角;“G” 为摇摆墙的重力(即摇摆墙的质量和重力加速度相乘)。此外, a g ( t )为随机地震的地面加速度,当墙体绕 O点或 O '点摆动时形成 θ角:(顺时针摆动 θ > 0、逆时针摆动 θ < 0); M I F T I F R I以及 M I ' F T I ' F R I '分别为墙体逆时针与顺时针摆动时的转动惯性力矩、切向惯性力、径向惯性力; f i f I i f C i f R i以及 f i ' f I i ' f C i ' f R i '分别为顺时针与逆时针摆动时墙体与框架的相互作用力和框架第i层的惯性力、阻尼力和恢复力; F 1 F 2 F p以及 F 1 ' F 2 ' F p '分别为顺时针与逆时针摆动时墙底部左右侧阻尼器和预应力筋的的恢复力; F p 0 K p分别为预应力筋的初始荷载和弹性刚度; x i k i m i h i分别为第 i层的水平相对位移、框架的层刚度、框架的质量和层高。
假设顺时针转角为正、水平向右位移为正,且结构处于小位移情况下,地震激励下刚体的碰撞可视为弹性碰撞,即忽略刚体摇摆墙模型中摇摆碰撞能量损失[11]
根据达朗贝尔原理,得出墙体逆时针与顺时针旋转时的力矩平衡方程:
F T I l + M 1 + G l s i n ( α + θ ) + F p b 2 c o s - θ 2 + F 2 b c o s - θ 2 + f T h c o s θ = 0 θ < 0 F ' T I l + M ' 1 + G l s i n ( α - θ ) + F p b 2 c o s θ 2 + F 1 b c o s θ 2 + f ' T h c o s θ = 0 θ 0
式中 f f ' h分别为 f i f i ' h i组成的列向量,且
F T I = - m θ ¨ l - m a g ( t ) c o s ( α + θ ) θ < 0 F ' T I = m θ ¨ l + m a g ( t ) c o s ( α - θ ) θ 0
M 1 = - 1 3 m l 2 θ ¨ θ < 0 M ' 1 = 1 3 m l 2 θ ¨ θ 0
F p = F p 0 - K p b s i n θ 2 θ < 0 F ' p = F p 0 + K p b s i n θ 2 θ 0
框架在发生逆时针与顺时针摆动时,为得出它的阻尼系数,假设阻尼为瑞利阻尼,利用达朗贝尔原理得到运动方程:
f = f R + f C + f I = - K x - C x · - M x θ ¨ - M 1 a g ( t ) x < 0 f ' = f ' R + f ' C + f ' I = K x + C x · + M x θ ¨ + M 1 a g ( t ) x 0
式中:x x · x ¨ E分别为相对位移、相对速度及相对加速度组成的向量与单位向量; K C M分别为刚度矩阵、阻尼矩阵和质量矩阵,可表示为:
M = m 1 0 0 0 m 2 0 0 0 m n
K = k 1 + k 2 - k 2 0 0 0 - k 2 k 2 + k 3 - k 3 0 0 0 0 0 - k 4 - k n 0 0 0 - k n k n
C = ρ 0 M + ρ 1 K
式中 ρ 0 ρ 1为2个待定的系数,可由下式得出:
ρ 0 = 2 ω 1 ω 2 ξ ω 1 + ω 2 ρ 1 = 2 ξ ω 1 + ω 2
式中: ξ为结构的阻尼比; ω 1 ω 2为其前二阶自振频率。
根据墙体小角度转动及变形协调条件可令:
θ = x n h x = θ h
式中 x n为墙体顶点位移。
对于阻尼器假设其为金属阻尼器,其屈服力较小时有利于提高阻尼效率[26],故在整个过程将其看作屈服状态,即:
F 1 = F 2 = F ' 1 = F ' 2 = F d
式中 F d为阻尼器屈服时的应力。
根据小转动假设:
c o s θ 1 s i n θ θ c o s ( α ± θ ) c o s α s i n ( α ± θ ) α ± θ
结合式(10)—式(12)的假设,代入式(1),化简可得随机地震激励下铰接的框架-摇摆墙结构具有分段线性刚度的非线性运动方程,即
x θ ¨ n + c - m - x · n + k - m - x n + s i g n ( x n ) φ = - μ a g ( t )
式中: m - c - k -分别视为多自由度框架-摇摆墙结构方程简化后结构的等效质量、等效阻尼系数和等效刚度; φ μ分别为等效方程分段非线性项和地震激励项的系数。
m - = 4 m l 2 3 h + 1 h h T M h
c - = 1 h h T C h
k - = K p b 2 4 h - m g l h + 1 h h T K h
φ = f p 0 b + 2 F d b + 2 m g l α 2 m -
μ = m l c o s α + E T M h m -
s i g n ( x n ) = 1 x n 0 - 1 x n < 0
对式(13)所示的分段式非线性方程,根据随机平均理论[27],结合线性化理论[28]变换为如下形式的等效时变线性系统:
y ¨ + β e q ( t ) y · + ω e q 2 ( t ) y = Q ( t )
式中: β e q ( t ) ω e q 2 ( t )为与时间相关的等效线性参数;且 Q ( t ) = - μ a g ( t ); S g ( ω t )为非平稳地震动加速度功率谱; S ' g ( ω t ) Q ( t )对应的加速度功率谱;则 S ' g ( ω t ) = μ 2 S g ( ω t )
为求出上述时间相关参数,基于小阻尼的假设,认为非线性系统的响应遵循以下伪谐波行为:
y ( t ) = A ( t ) c o s Θ ( t )
式中“Θ(t)”为由缓慢时变的响应振幅和相位控制的变量,且
Θ ( t ) = ω ( A ) t + Φ ( t )
式中:ω(A)为由响应振幅控制的系统固有频率;Φ(t)为时变相位。
使原始系统式(13)与等效线性系统式(20)之间的误差均方最小,得出等效时变线性参数:
β e q ( t ) = β + 0 R ( A ) A ω ( A ) P ( A t ) d A
ω e q 2 ( t ) = 0 W ( A ) A P ( A t ) d A
式中 P ( A t )为响应 y的振幅 A的PDF,且:
R ( A ) = - 1 π 0 2 π s i n Θ z ( t A c o s Θ - A ω s i n Θ ) d Θ
W ( A ) = - 1 π 0 2 π c o s Θ z ( t A c o s Θ - A ω s i n Θ ) d Θ
将式(20)—式(24)代入FPK方程:
P ( A t ) t = - x - 1 2 β e q ( t ) A ( t ) + π S ( ω e q ( t ) t ) 2 ω e q 2 ( t ) A ( t ) P ( A t ) + π S ( ω e q ( t ) t ) 2 ω e q 2 ( t ) 2 P ( A t ) A 2
对于非平稳解的情况,其PDF可表示为以下时变瑞利形式:
P ( A t ) = A v ( t ) e x p - A 2 2 v ( t )
再将式(28)代入式(27)可得:
v · ( t ) = - β e q ( v ( t ) ) v ( t ) + π S ( ω e q ( v ( t ) ) t ) ω e q 2 ( v ( t ) )
显然,式(29)可通过标准数值分析方法(如龙格-库塔)得到。
选用高25.56m的6层教学楼,首层层高4.56m,2—6层层高4.20m。取一榀框架做参考构成算例模型,如图3所示。摇摆墙厚度0.24m,宽度为0.30m,墙底两端布置有阻尼器,其屈服力Fd为7.1 kN,墙体中预应力筋初始力 F p 0为50 kN,弹性刚度Kp为4.272×106 N/m。梁柱配筋如图4所示。框架结构梁柱数据见表1。层集中质量和刚度如图5所示。摇摆墙、框架结构及连系梁的混凝土强度等级均为C35,弹性模量为3×104 MPa,密度为2 400kg/m3;假设模型初始处于静止状态,MCS次数取4 000次。
根据《组合结构设计规范》(JGJ138—2016),取框架的阻尼比 ξ为0.04,计算其前二阶自振频率,并结合式(9)得出 ρ 0 ρ 1分别为0.710 4、0.001 7。
在各种地震激励模型中,金井清谱(Kanai-Tajimi,K-T)是目前地震工程中应用较为广泛的地震动随机模型,欧进萍等[21]通过添加一个低通滤波器改进了K-T模型。此外常用的模型还有Clough-Penzien(C-P)模型。文中平稳地震模型考虑改进的K-T模型与C-P模型。
非平稳地震动模型的功率谱 S g ( ω )表达式为:
S g ( ω t ) = g 2 ( t ) S g ( ω )
式中g(t)为强度包线函数,常用的主要有2类,一类是单峰状的光滑曲线,其表达式[16]为:
g 1 ( t ) = χ ( e x p ( - γ 1 t ) - e x p ( - γ 2 t ) )
另一类是具有上升、平稳及衰减段的3段曲线,被称为分段连续形式的调制函数,表达式[14]为:
g 2 (t) = A 0 t t 1 2 0 t t 1 A 0 t 1 t t 2 A 0 e x p ( - ( t - t 2 ) ) t t 2
式中: γ 1 γ 2为控制调制函数形状的参数; χ为调制函数的幅度; t 1 t 2 ε分别为控制主震段首末时间和哀减快慢的参数。根据相关文献[2127],取 χ=4, γ 1=0.25, γ 2=0.5, A 0=1, t 1=5.96, t 2=14.30, ε=0.21。
考虑改进的K-T[21]与C-P[30]模型的谱密度分别为:
S g 1 (ω) = ω h 2 ω 4 + ω h 2 ω g 4 + 4 ξ g 2 ω g 2 ω 2 ( ω g 2 - ω 2 ) 2 + 4 ξ g 2 ω g 2 ω 2 S 0
S g 2 (ω) =   ω g 4 + 4 ξ g 2 ω g 2 ω 2 ( ω g 2 - ω 2 ) 2 + 4 ξ g 2 ω g 2 ω 2 ω 4 ( ω f 2 - ω 2 ) 2 + 4 ξ f 2 ω f 2 ω 2 S 0
式中: ξ g ω g分别为地表覆盖土层的阻尼比和卓越频率; ω f ω h ξ f为反映基岩特性的谱参数; S 0为谱强度因子。采用参数值[2129] ξ g=0.8, ω g=15 rad/s, ω h=8π rad/s, ω f=0.1 ω g ξ f = ξ g S 0=0.2 m2/s3 S g ( ω ) = S g 1 ( ω ) S g ( ω ) = S g 2 ( ω )。在2种调制函数调制的改进K-T谱与C-P谱非平稳地震动模型激励下,结构的非平稳响应方差如图6所示。图6中,随机平均方法得出的系统随机响应分析结果与MCS的结果拟合良好,证明此方法的可靠性;从图6可以看出,响应方差的图形与调制函数的形状趋于一致,但分段式调制函数调制谱的方差在第1个分段点趋于光滑,在第2个分段点表现出非平滑的特点;此外该方法得出的结果还可进一步得出响应的PDF以及速度方差。
考虑如下2种不可分离形式的功率谱,即具有时频域非平稳特性的谱模型。首先,第1种不可分离形式的非平稳地震功率谱[31]为:
S g 3 ( ω t ) = S 1 g 2 ( t ) ω 5 π 2 t 2 e x p - ω 5 π 2 t
其次,选择由进化的C-P谱构成含有时变参数的不可分离形式功率谱[32]:
S g 4 ( ω t ) = S 1 g 2 ( t ) ω g 4 ( t ) + 4 ξ g 2 ( t ) ω g 2 ( t ) ω 2 ( ω g 2 ( t ) - ω 2 ) 2 + 4 ξ g 2 ( t ) ω g 2 ( t ) ω 2 ω 4 ( ω f 2 ( t ) - ω 2 ) 2 + 4 ξ f 2 ( t ) ω f 2 ( t ) ω 2
其中
ω g ( t ) = ω g - η 1 t T
ξ g ( t ) = ξ g + η 2 t T
ω f ( t ) = 0.1 ω g ( t )
ξ f ( t ) = ξ g ( t )
式中: T为白噪声激励的持续时间; η 1 η 2为场地参数相对于时间发生变化的进化C-P模型参数。
g(t)均采用式(30)的形式及其参数取值,S1=0.5或0.2, η 1=0.4、 η 2=0.25。图7为2种不可分离形式功率谱构成的地震激励,且考虑2种白谱强度条件下得出的系统位移时间相关方差,即响应分析结果在不同的谱强度因子下,2种不同的可分离形式功率谱在随机平均法与4 000次MCS的对照仍具有令人满意的准确率,表明:对于不同谱强度因子作用下的时频域非平稳的地震动加速度功率谱模型,此方法仍具有很强的适用性与准确性,证明其在多自由度框架-摇摆墙体系的应用的适配性。
1) 通过数值算例分析验证并与MCS的结果进行对照,证明基于随机平均的近似解析方法具有良好的精度,为地震作用下多自由度框架-摇摆结构的随机响应分析提供一种高效准确的方法。
2) 借助2种不同形式的调制函数均匀调制改进K-T模型和C-P模型,以及2种不可分离功率谱形式的地震动模型进行响应分析,证明此方法对各种地震动模型的适用性。
3) 虽然最终的运动方程具有分段非线性的特性,但其时间相关响应方差受此特性的影响并不明显,与此相反的是受激励形式的影响较大,在分段连续调制函数调制的非平稳激励作用下,在其分段点处显现出很明显的不光滑现象。
4) 文中旨在补充多自由度框架-摇摆去结构在地震下随机响应分析的不足,但仅考虑了非平稳地震激励的随机特性,实际上结构自身材料的随机特性需要进一步研究。
  • 湖北省自然科学基金资助(2021CFB017)
  • 安全预警与应急联动技术湖北省协同创新中心资助项目(AY2023-1-3)
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2024年第34卷第6期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.0987
  • 接收时间:2023-12-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-14
  • 修回日期:2024-03-18
基金
湖北省自然科学基金资助(2021CFB017)
安全预警与应急联动技术湖北省协同创新中心资助项目(AY2023-1-3)
作者信息
    武汉理工大学 安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北 武汉 430070

通讯作者:

**张远进(1988—),男,湖北武汉人,博士,讲师,主要从事随机动力学方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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