Article(id=1149743089025200514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149743083069288795, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)06-0216-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1728, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702396800000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-13, revisedDate=1711296000000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049713616, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1719504000000, pubDateStr=2024-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049713616, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049713616, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049713616, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149743083069288795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752049712197, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756468919644, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1168278582599098697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149743083069288795, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1168278582599098698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149743083069288795, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=216, endPage=224, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149743089297830278, articleId=1149743089025200514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Knowledge graph analysis of hot spots and trends in emergency social mobilization research, columnId=1149733268699918866, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Emergency technology and management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to provide reference direction for the research of emergency social mobilization more accurately,taking 296 research papers on social mobilization for emergencies included in Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index(CSSCI) journals in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) as samples,this paper comprehensively used bibliometrics,knowledge graphs and other visual analysis methods to analyze the number,distribution,institutions,research topics,hot spots and changing trends of papers in this field over the years. The research shows that since 2003,the number of papers published in the study of social mobilization for emergency response has experienced three stages of development,with the increasingly wide distribution of periodicals and loose publishing institutions. There are more and more research topics,mainly focusing on the trigger scenario,implementation mechanism and functional effect of emergency social mobilization in the emergency response stage. Hot topics are constantly emerging with more breadth and depth,and the research methods are relatively limited. There is much room for further research and development,which can focus on the research contents of multi-methods,the whole process and intelligence of emergency social mobilization.

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为更准确地为应急社会动员研究提供参考方向,以中国知网(CNKI)数据库中中文社会科学引文索引(CSSCI)期刊收录的296篇应急社会动员研究文献为样本,综合运用文献计量、知识图谱等可视化分析方法,系统分析该领域研究的历年发文数量、期刊分布、发文机构、研究议题与热点、变化趋势等情况。结果表明:2003年以来,应急社会动员研究的年发文数量经历3个阶段的发展,期刊分布日渐广泛,发文机构比较松散;研究议题愈来愈多,主要集中在突发事件响应阶段应急社会动员的触发情景、实施机制和功能效果;热点议题不断涌现,深度广度持续拓展,研究方法相对局限;后续研究发展空间较大,可侧重于应急社会动员的多方法、全过程、智慧化等研究内容。

, correspAuthors=陈哲, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**陈 哲(1998—),男,安徽亳州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为基层应急管理与应急社会动员。E-mail:
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张小兵 (1978—),男,陕西宝鸡人,博士,教授,主要从事模拟演练与应急机制设计、应急技术与管理等方面的研究。E-mail:

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张小兵 (1978—),男,陕西宝鸡人,博士,教授,主要从事模拟演练与应急机制设计、应急技术与管理等方面的研究。E-mail:

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China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(8):212-218., articleTitle=Quadratic scheduling of emergency materials considering horizontal transportation under natural disasters, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181657992437868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743089025200514, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=86, pageEnd=92, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=72, authorNames=许健, 罗维, journalName=学习与探索, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许健, 罗维. 我国社会力量参与应急救援的法律规制: 以德国经验为借鉴的研究[J]. 学习与探索, 2023(2):86-92., articleTitle=我国社会力量参与应急救援的法律规制: 以德国经验为借鉴的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181658059546734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743089025200514, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=32, issue=4, pageStart=135, pageEnd=140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=73, authorNames=梁瑾璠, 赵晗萍, 张家乐, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梁瑾璠, 赵晗萍, 张家乐. 应急物资供应链快速构建模式[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(4):135-140., articleTitle=应急物资供应链快速构建模式, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181658126655599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743089025200514, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=32, issue=4, pageStart=135, pageEnd=140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=74, authorNames=LIANG Jinfan, ZHAO Hanping, ZHANG Jiale, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIANG Jinfan, ZHAO Hanping, ZHANG Jiale. Rapid construction mode of emergency material supply chain[J]. 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journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743089025200514, language=CN, label=图6, caption=样本文献关键词突现知识图谱, figureFileSmall=/uiflMF0Gc2SynQLme0P6Q==, figureFileBig=6d1XooDt/Wz8aC6OCzFuyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181651650651100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743089025200514, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution of source periodicals of sample documents(part)

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序号 期刊名称 频次 复合/综合
影响因子
1 中国行政管理 10 6.058/3.658
2 人民论坛 8 2.166/1.329
3 中共中央党校
(国家行政学院)学报
7 4.258/2.677
4 行政法学研究 5 8.655/4.441
5 探索 5 5.330/3.302
6 北京理工大学学报
(社会科学版)
5 4.119/1.839
7 公共管理学报 4 9.849/6.349
8 求实 4 6.160/3.100
9 理论探讨 4 3.406/1.673
10 南京社会科学 4 2.978/1.845
), ArticleFig(id=1168181651776480221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743089025200514, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

样本文献来源期刊分布(部分)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 期刊名称 频次 复合/综合
影响因子
1 中国行政管理 10 6.058/3.658
2 人民论坛 8 2.166/1.329
3 中共中央党校
(国家行政学院)学报
7 4.258/2.677
4 行政法学研究 5 8.655/4.441
5 探索 5 5.330/3.302
6 北京理工大学学报
(社会科学版)
5 4.119/1.839
7 公共管理学报 4 9.849/6.349
8 求实 4 6.160/3.100
9 理论探讨 4 3.406/1.673
10 南京社会科学 4 2.978/1.845
), ArticleFig(id=1168181651860366302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743089025200514, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Top 12 keywords and their centrality in sample literature

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序号 关键词 频次 中心性
1 应急管理 74 0.73
2 突发事件 41 0.39
3 社会动员 14 0.14
4 社会组织 14 0.13
5 协同治理 10 0.08
6 疫情防控 10 0.01
7 公共危机 9 0.15
8 社会治理 7 0.02
9 危机管理 6 0.04
10 应急治理 5 0.08
11 社会力量 5 0.03
12 志愿服务 4 0.04
), ArticleFig(id=1168181651935863775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743089025200514, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

样本文献中频次前12位的关键词及其中心性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 关键词 频次 中心性
1 应急管理 74 0.73
2 突发事件 41 0.39
3 社会动员 14 0.14
4 社会组织 14 0.13
5 协同治理 10 0.08
6 疫情防控 10 0.01
7 公共危机 9 0.15
8 社会治理 7 0.02
9 危机管理 6 0.04
10 应急治理 5 0.08
11 社会力量 5 0.03
12 志愿服务 4 0.04
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应急社会动员研究热点与趋势的知识图谱分析
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张小兵 1, 2 , 陈哲 1, 2, **
中国安全科学学报 | 应急技术与管理 2024,34(6): 216-224
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中国安全科学学报 | 应急技术与管理 2024, 34(6): 216-224
应急社会动员研究热点与趋势的知识图谱分析
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张小兵1, 2 , 陈哲1, 2, **
作者信息
  • 1 河南理工大学 安全与应急管理研究中心,河南 焦作 454000
  • 2 河南理工大学 应急管理学院,河南 焦作 454000
  • 张小兵 (1978—),男,陕西宝鸡人,博士,教授,主要从事模拟演练与应急机制设计、应急技术与管理等方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

**陈 哲(1998—),男,安徽亳州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为基层应急管理与应急社会动员。E-mail:
Knowledge graph analysis of hot spots and trends in emergency social mobilization research
Xiaobing ZHANG1, 2 , Zhe CHEN1, 2, **
Affiliations
  • 1 Safety and Emergency Management Research Centre,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo Henan 454000,China
  • 2 School of Emergency Management,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo Henan 454000,China
出版时间: 2024-06-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1728
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为更准确地为应急社会动员研究提供参考方向,以中国知网(CNKI)数据库中中文社会科学引文索引(CSSCI)期刊收录的296篇应急社会动员研究文献为样本,综合运用文献计量、知识图谱等可视化分析方法,系统分析该领域研究的历年发文数量、期刊分布、发文机构、研究议题与热点、变化趋势等情况。结果表明:2003年以来,应急社会动员研究的年发文数量经历3个阶段的发展,期刊分布日渐广泛,发文机构比较松散;研究议题愈来愈多,主要集中在突发事件响应阶段应急社会动员的触发情景、实施机制和功能效果;热点议题不断涌现,深度广度持续拓展,研究方法相对局限;后续研究发展空间较大,可侧重于应急社会动员的多方法、全过程、智慧化等研究内容。

应急社会动员  /  研究热点  /  知识图谱  /  突发事件  /  应急管理  /  CiteSpace

In order to provide reference direction for the research of emergency social mobilization more accurately,taking 296 research papers on social mobilization for emergencies included in Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index(CSSCI) journals in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) as samples,this paper comprehensively used bibliometrics,knowledge graphs and other visual analysis methods to analyze the number,distribution,institutions,research topics,hot spots and changing trends of papers in this field over the years. The research shows that since 2003,the number of papers published in the study of social mobilization for emergency response has experienced three stages of development,with the increasingly wide distribution of periodicals and loose publishing institutions. There are more and more research topics,mainly focusing on the trigger scenario,implementation mechanism and functional effect of emergency social mobilization in the emergency response stage. Hot topics are constantly emerging with more breadth and depth,and the research methods are relatively limited. There is much room for further research and development,which can focus on the research contents of multi-methods,the whole process and intelligence of emergency social mobilization.

emergency social mobilization  /  research hot spots  /  knowledge map  /  emergencies  /  emergency management  /  CiteSpace
张小兵, 陈哲. 应急社会动员研究热点与趋势的知识图谱分析. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (6) : 216 -224 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1728
Xiaobing ZHANG, Zhe CHEN. Knowledge graph analysis of hot spots and trends in emergency social mobilization research[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (6) : 216 -224 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1728
2003年“非典”以来,我国应急管理体系建设取得了长足进展,应急管理体系和能力现代化进程愈来愈快。然而,面对发展环境急剧变化与非常规突发事件带来的严峻挑战,单以政府为中心责任主体,采取集中化、等级化管理模式的自上而下应急管理机制已不能充分满足复杂的公共安全需求[1],应急管理从政府主导转变为政府主导与政社协同并重成为现实需要[2]。应急社会动员在资源聚集、社会整合、凝聚共识等方面具有显著优势,如赋能应急管理集中化网络,促进“中心—外围”结构稳定与功能互补[3];优化应急管理利益相关者网络,增加利益相关者参与度,持续增强应急管理社会化能力[4]。同时,伴随社会治理重心不断下移,应急社会动员的重要性日益凸显,它是形成共建共治共享的应急管理新格局的基石,关乎应急管理整体效能,也是研究应急管理问题的关键议题和重要场域。
2003年以来,国内学者聚焦应急社会动员开展了广泛研究,取得了丰硕的高水平成果。整体上看,应急社会动员研究是公共管理学与社会学、政治学、安全科学与工程等学科的交叉研究,总体围绕“应急社会行动—应急社会结构—应急社会系统”的知识逻辑演进[5]。具体研究中,多数学者立足应急社会动员实践样态,基于“国家(政府)—社会”关系、“结构—功能”等社会科学经典理论,建构了“政府—社会—市场”协作、“结构—过程—功能”互促等应急社会动员研究框架,阐释了应急社会动员中政府、社会力量、市场、民众等多元主体的纵向联动与横向协同何以有序,聚焦“主体—过程—能力”提出了应急社会动员效能提升的具体策略[6-8]。这些研究推动了有中国特色的应急社会动员方法探索与机制构建,指导了“5·12”汶川地震、新冠肺炎疫情、河南郑州“7·20”特大暴雨等应急社会动员实务,实现了“实践—认识—再实践—再认识”的螺旋式上升。
在此背景下,选取具有普遍共识和较高水平的研究成果,系统梳理应急社会动员研究的发文数量、期刊分布、研究机构等基本情况,借以分析该领域的研究议题与热点、变化趋势与前沿动态成为现实需要。鉴于此,笔者选取2003年1月—2023年9月中文社会科学引文索引(Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index,CSSCI)中关于应急社会动员研究的296篇文献为研究样本,运用文献计量法、CiteSpace知识图谱等可视化文献分析方法,系统分析国内应急社会动员研究的基本脉络、热点议题、变化趋势和发展方向,以期为应急社会动员理论研究和实践探索提供参考。
文献样本数据来自中国期刊全文数据库(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)学术期刊,以“突发事件、应急管理”和“社会动员、社会组织、社会力量、非政府组织、志愿者”等关键词为并列主题检索文献,文献来源类别为CSSCI期刊。检索后得到文献共310篇,时间跨度为2003年1月1日—2023年9月30日。为保证文献样本和分析结果质量,在检索结果中手动剔除会议通知、专栏导语、书评等无效数据,最终选定296篇文献为有效分析样本。
将上述296篇样本文献转换为CiteSpace等软件可识别和计算的文件,分析这时段应急社会动员研究文献的数量、机构、发文期刊和关键词等数据,挖掘应急社会动员的研究议题与热点、变化趋势与前沿动态,并进行可视化呈现。
统计样本文献的历年发文数量(图1),能够反映应急社会动员领域的研究热度和发展趋势。分析发现,国内应急社会动员研究的CSSCI文献数量总体呈现稳步上升,并伴随焦点事件发生出现明显转折的发展态势,大致可划为3个阶段。
1)第1阶段:初始出现期(2003—2007年)。2003年“非典”后,学者逐步开始关注危机管理中的社会动员问题并陆续研究发文,但年均发文量仅2~3篇,尚未形成明确的“应急社会动员”研究主题和研究范式。
2)第2阶段:稳步发展期(2008—2019年)。此阶段年均发文量明显增长,研究主题日益丰富,关于应急社会动员的参与主体、动员模式、功能边界等问题研究逐渐深入,研究范式与核心概念逐渐明确。分析发现,伴随推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化为总目标的全面深化改革推进,民间救援队、应急志愿者、慈善机构等社会应急力量蓬勃发展。此外,“5·12”汶川地震、“7·21”北京特大暴雨等灾害应对实践为应急社会动员研究的稳步发展提供了明确的政策指引和生动的案例素材。
3)第3阶段:暴发增长期(2020年至今)。在新冠肺炎疫情、河南郑州“7·20”特大暴雨等焦点事件发生时,应急志愿者、社会组织等各类社会应急力量发挥组织灵活、反应迅速、贴近基层的优势,积极投入物资运送、抢险救援等应急管理行动。社会焦点事件也引发了学者对相关问题的关注和研究热情,这一阶段,不同学科背景的学者将目光聚焦于应急社会动员,发文量呈暴发式增长并达到峰值,研究热度迅速提高。
样本文献来源期刊的统计结果显示,296篇文献共来源于176本期刊,发文频次前10的期刊总发文数达56篇(表1),占样本总数的18.9%,发文期刊比较分散。发文频次高的期刊复合/综合影响因子也更高一些,应急社会动员研究受高水平期刊青睐。其中,《中国行政管理》是唯一发文量达到10篇的期刊,刊发应急社会动员文章的热度最高,也是较早(2004年)关注该领域研究的期刊之一。
从期刊的学科类型(CNKI分类标准)来看,主要涉及行政学及国家行政管理、预防医学与卫生学、中国政治与国际政治、社会学及统计学、安全科学与灾害防治、新闻与传媒等多个学科,学科构成丰富。这与当前国内应急管理学科专业建设多样性情况高度吻合,如设在管理学门类下的应急管理、医学门类下的公共卫生、法学门类下的社会学、工学门类下的应急技术与管理等。此外,“行政学及国家行政管理”学科发文数量最多(165篇),占样本文献总量的一半以上。可见:由于行政体制特点,我国应急社会动员往往是自上而下(政府主导—社会参与—市场补充)的动员方式,相关研究多基于管理学视角,有浓厚的公共管理色彩。
学术机构对应急社会动员研究的关注度能直接影响其研究进展。从样本文献研究机构知识图谱(图2)可以看出,2003年至今,开展应急社会动员研究的核心机构包括南京大学政府管理学院、北京理工大学管理与经济学院、中国人民大学公共管理学院、清华大学公共管理学院等,并以此为中心节点形成了数个有一定影响力的学术合作网络。其中,或受应急管理学科博士点设置影响,张海波(南京大学)、王宏伟(中国人民大学)、樊博(上海交通大学)、彭宗超(清华大学)等学者在近年发文相对活跃,推动了该领域的研究进展。然而,主要研究机构合作网络密度仅为0.003 3,反映出研究领域跨机构的科研合作较少。该现象在一定程度上表明:应急社会动员研究多是由科研项目或焦点事件牵引的应用研究,绝大部分科研机构以单位内部合作为主,少数跨机构的合作主要源于项目驱动或学者间个人合作,尚未形成组织化、结构化的学术团体。
关键词共现知识图谱中(图3),每个圆形节点代表一个关键词,节点大小代表对应关键词在应急社会动员研究领域出现的频次高低。节点之间的连接线代表对应关键词的共现关系,颜色由浅至深代表共现时间由远及近的变化。应急社会动员研究的关键词共现知识图谱共有296个节点、445条连接线、密度为0.010 2。关键词共现的中心性大小代表对应节点在共现网络中的媒介能力和影响力大小,关键词共现频次及其中心性也是归纳应急社会动员主要研究议题的重要指标(表2)。
图3表2可以看出,“应急管理”和“突发事件”在应急社会动员研究中频繁出现。分析发现,2003年“非典”后,国内首次提出的“应急管理体系”和官方话语体系使用的“突发(公共)事件”对学者研究议题选取有显著影响。“社会动员、社会组织、协同治理、疫情防控”等关键词出现频次也很高,研究议题比较丰富。
总的来看,2003年以来,应急社会动员研究议题主要集中在“应急管理、突发事件、社会动员、社会组织、协同治理、公共危机”等方面。期间,不同学者在研究中混合使用“应急管理、危机管理、应急治理”和“突发事件、公共危机”等有交叉之处的概念,一定程度上表示此领域研究尚未形成统一的标准学术话语体系。此外,“社会治理、应急治理、协同治理”等关键词的高频使用印证了应急社会动员模式和理念的转变[9],“社会组织、社会力量、志愿服务”则体现了应急社会动员的响应主体和方式的多样性。
基于关键词共现知识图谱,在CiteSpace中运用对数似然率算法将应急社会动员研究关键词进行聚类分析,获取关键词聚类知识图谱(图4)。一般情况下,聚类模块值大于0.3意味着聚类结构显著,聚类平均轮廓值大于0.7意味着聚类是令人信服的[10]。由图4可知,聚类模块值为0.746 1,聚类平均轮廓值为0.928,表明聚类结构和效果显著。结合聚类分析结果,应急社会动员研究热点主要包括3个方面。
1) 研究热点1:应急社会动员的触发情景。关键词包括“突发事件、新冠肺炎”等。有学者从突发事件整体视角探究应急社会动员何以促进突发事件应急处置规范化、制度化[11]。同时,很多学者热衷从自然灾害[12]、事故灾难[13]、公共卫生事件[14]、社会安全事件[15]切入,从不同种类突发事件的应急社会动员中探寻更加精准的规律。部分学者选取新冠肺炎疫情[16]、鲁甸地震[17]、“7·21”北京暴雨[18]、“5·12”汶川地震[19]等进行案例(比较)分析,解构应急社会动员存在的实践困境,并尝试构建纾解路径。
2) 研究热点2:应急社会动员的实施机制。关键词包括“社会动员、社会组织、社会参与、志愿服务”等。从动员方式来看,主要有政治动员[20]、属地动员[21]、舆论动员[22]、模范式行动[23]等;从动员参与主体来看,社会组织[24]、应急志愿者[25]、市场[26]、企业[27]等多种社会力量在应急管理中发挥了协同增效的特殊作用,须加强“政府—社会—市场”等多元主体纵向联动与横向协同;从动员主体的参与方式来看,比较常见的有应急志愿服务[28]、政企合作[29]、慈善捐赠[30]等。
3) 研究热点3:应急社会动员的功能效果。关键词包括“应急管理、危机管理、应急治理、公共管理”等。应急社会动员效果多样,在集聚发展资源、凝聚社会共识、促进社会整合、应对公共危机中发挥着重要作用[31]。随着应急管理体系和能力现代化的不断推进,应急社会动员促动了“一体多元”的有效统一,已然成为应急管理效能提升的结构性机制[32]。应急社会动员力作为城市应急管理体系建设的核心要素,逐渐成为城市软实力发挥作用的助推器[33]
在应急社会动员关键词共现与聚类知识图谱中加入时间要素,可以得到关键词时间线知识图谱(图5)。同时,在CiteSpace中运用关键词突发性探测工具获取突现强度前16位的关键词(图6),突现强度值大小代表突现词随时间变化的频次和受关注度程度。综合分析两个图谱,获得2003—2023年应急社会动员主要研究议题的变化趋势:总的来看,2003年至今,“应急管理、突发事件”始终贯穿该领域相关研究,随着应急社会动员研究愈广愈深,很多新兴关键词逐渐突现。具体研究变化趋势可划为3个阶段。
1) 变化趋势1(2003—2012年):应急社会动员研究的初步探索。伴随以“一案三制”为主要内容的应急管理体系开始建设,学者日益关注突发事件、公共危机中的社会动员问题。结合当时经济社会背景,有学者提出危机管理动员从“对社会动员”转为“由社会动员”的必要与可能[34],愈来愈多志愿者、民间社团经过社会自组织动员参与危机管理[35]。直至2010年,才有学者明确界定了应急社会动员的内涵、主体与客体、条件、实施方式与内容,并从完善法律体系建设、建立协同合作机制、完善人才储备等方面提出加强应急社会动员制度化建设的建议[36]
2) 变化趋势2(2013—2017年):应急社会动员研究的广度拓展。此阶段是应急社会动员研究关键词突现最活跃的时期,“合作”、“微博”、“社会参与”、“协同治理”等关键词相继涌现,学者在应急社会动员理念、模式、方式等研究中不断拓宽该研究领域广度。从动员理念来看,以人为本的社会动员理念逐渐彰显,充分发挥人民群众的主观能动性成为提升动员效能的必要条件[37]。从动员模式来看,学者提出“强政府—强社会—强市场”的三维互动共强模式[8],社会资本[38]、应急志愿者[39]、社会组织[40]等多元主体自组织协同参与的动员体系逐渐形成。从动员方式来看,在传统动员方式的基础上,互联网成为应急社会动员的重要载体,微博等网络平台让动员方式愈加丰富[41]
3) 变化趋势3(2018年至今):应急社会动员研究的深度挖掘。应急社会动员不仅有显著优势,也在运作风险和动员尺度上存在边界效应,如何适度、依法、科学、高效动员至关重要,具体是:应急社会动员中,面对多元主体应急协作网络的运行阻滞,基于“结构—功能”视角构建“政府—社会—市场”协作框架,寻找其中的平衡点[7];面对重大突发事件政治动员产生的强大政治势能,应优化现行法采取前置和外置于应急行政过程的设计[42];面对市场参与的风险溢出,需要从时间、内容和管理三重维度进行逆风险选择,构建政府、市场和社会组织多元主体参与的重大突发事件应急管理共同体[26];面对“政府—企业”合作不可持续与脆弱性,应从政府权威和企业社会责任、互惠、合作固化3个维度,探讨应急合作何以快速启动和持续韧性[29]
随着构建全社会参与的应急管理共同体,应急社会动员研究也在不断深化与创新,后续研究可侧重关注以下几方面内容:
1) 应急社会动员多方法研究。现有研究普遍使用文本(案例)分析等质性研究方法,仅有少数研究运用加权秩和比综合评价法[43]等量化方法。后续研究可侧重运用模拟仿真实验、模糊综合评价等方法和工具,基于量化分析科学论证应急社会动员薄弱环节识别与效率评估等问题,重点关注应急社会动员效能评价和模式推广等。
2) 应急社会动员全过程研究。现有研究普遍聚焦应急响应阶段的社会力量参与应急救援[44]、物资供应[45]等,鲜有研究关注预防、准备、恢复等阶段的应急社会动员问题。后续可侧重应急社会动员的全过程研究,尝试构建常态-应急态融合的全过程应急社会动员机制,回应应急社会动员“因何失序”和“何以有序”等暂未得到充分回应的问题。
3) 应急社会动员智慧化研究。现有研究普遍基于协同治理、组织结构等视角,尝试探索提升应急社会动员效能的理论路径。后续研究可侧重利用物联网、云计算、数字技术等手段,进行视频分析、数据监控、自然试验和准自然实验,探究智慧应急、技术赋能视角下应急社会动员何以有序增效。
1) 应急社会动员研究CSSCI发文数量大致经过了初始出现期(2003—2007年)、稳步发展期(2008—2019年)、暴发增长期(2020年至今)3个阶段,且伴随焦点事件出现明显转折,研究热度日趋增加。相关研究来源期刊分布广泛,多个科研机构积极探索,促进了应急社会动员研究的多学科交叉融合和创新。
2) 研究热点议题层次多、视角广,主要集中在应急社会动员的触发情景、实施机制、功能效果等方面,为应急社会动员工作实践提供了理论指导。总体呈现出应急社会动员的初步探索(2003—2012年)、广度拓宽(2013—2017年)、深度挖掘(2018年至今)3个阶段变化趋势,未来的研究空间较大。
3) 现有研究在研究方法、研究对象、研究视角等方面存在一定局限,未来可侧重多方法、全过程、智慧化的应急社会动员研究,进一步为应急社会动员赋能增效。
  • 河南省重点研发专项(231111322400)
  • 河南省高校哲学社会科学创新团队支持计划项目(2023-CXTD-06)
  • 河南省高等教育教学改革研究与实践项目(2023SJGLX032Y)
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2024年第34卷第6期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1728
  • 接收时间:2023-12-13
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-13
  • 修回日期:2024-03-25
基金
河南省重点研发专项(231111322400)
河南省高校哲学社会科学创新团队支持计划项目(2023-CXTD-06)
河南省高等教育教学改革研究与实践项目(2023SJGLX032Y)
作者信息
    1 河南理工大学 安全与应急管理研究中心,河南 焦作 454000
    2 河南理工大学 应急管理学院,河南 焦作 454000

通讯作者:

**陈 哲(1998—),男,安徽亳州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为基层应急管理与应急社会动员。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1728
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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