Article(id=1149743086718337293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149743083069288795, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)06-0181-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1912, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702483200000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-14, revisedDate=1710691200000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049713067, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1719504000000, pubDateStr=2024-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049713067, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049713067, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049713067, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149743083069288795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752049712197, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756468919644, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1168278582599098697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149743083069288795, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1168278582599098698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149743083069288795, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=181, endPage=187, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149743087385231633, articleId=1149743086718337293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Experimental study on evacuation trough bottleneck under typical optimization strategies, columnId=1149733270084042840, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Public safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to examine the effects of typical optimization measures on the efficiency and safety of evacuating bottlenecks,evacuation tests incorporating pedestrian characteristics were conducted. The test encompassed 28 distinct cases,representing different combinations of optimization measures and pedestrian traits. Parameters such as evacuation time,speed,and local occupant density were measured across all conditions. Our findings reveal that the efficacy of bottleneck optimization measures is influenced by factors such as bottleneck width,the presence of luggage,and fixed evacuation directions. Practical implementation needs a tailored approach,integrating pedestrian characteristics and site-specific control strategies. Specifically,introducing a column in front of the bottleneck significantly benefits pedestrians without luggage,leading to a 15.30% reduction in density during bottleneck navigation with narrower widths,thereby enhancing safety,and concurrently improving evacuation efficiency by 13.18% in scenarios with wider bottleneck widths. Meanwhile,introducing a rail is preferable for pedestrians carrying luggage with wider bottleneck widths,especially when combined with a fixed evacuation direction,significantly enhancing evacuation efficiency by 21.90% while maintaining safety. Among the three bottleneck configuration alterations,incorporating a funnel-shaped passage preceding the bottleneck stands out as the most effective optimization measure,resulting in a notable 9.59% reduction in density,thereby enhancing safety,along with a simultaneous 9.14% decrease in evacuation times. It is noteworthy that the implementation of a straight channel or the combination of a straight channel and a funnel-shaped passage may yield negative impacts on both safety and efficiency.

, correspAuthors=Zhijian FU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lin LUO, Tianyu QIN, Gaobo YANG, Zhengyi YAN, Zhijian FU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149743109917032522, articleId=1149743086718337293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=典型优化措施下的瓶颈疏散试验研究, columnId=1149733271510106222, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=公共安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究典型优化措施对疏散瓶颈通行效率与安全性的影响,开展耦合人员特征因素的疏散试验。试验根据不同优化措施与人员特征分为28种工况,获取所有工况的疏散时间、瞬时速度、瓶颈处局部密度等数据。结果表明:瓶颈优化措施的实施效果受到瓶颈宽度、人员是否携带行李以及是否固定疏散方向的影响,工程应用中需要结合人员特征与现场管控策略的需求进行针对性选择;瓶颈中加入立柱的优化措施更适合不携带行李的人员,在瓶颈宽度较低时能提升瓶颈通行的安全性,密度最多可降低15.30%,在瓶颈宽度较宽时能提高疏散效率13.18%;加入栏杆比较适合瓶颈宽度较宽时携带行李的人员,配合固定疏散方向的管控策略,能在保障安全性的同时显著提高疏散效率21.90%;改变瓶颈形状的3种措施中,瓶颈前增加漏斗型通道优化效果较好,既能提高安全性,降低密度9.59%,还能缩短疏散时间9.14%;而加入等宽通道或漏斗型与等宽通道的组合,从疏散安全性和效率2方面看都会产生负面影响。

, correspAuthors=傅志坚, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**傅志坚(1988—),男,湖南邵阳人,博士,副教授,主要从事交通安全与行人动力学等方面的研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=VmMCMWD7BOokgyHr8eNyag==, magXml=t7sFgKg2o7rMdGquY8+FRg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=57HKHNP0n1bg/cUbPpNsMQ==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=djiyAcBeQTMM6kNdo82vtQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

罗 琳 (1990—),男,湖南常德人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事人员与疏散动力学、人员交通安全与密集人群管控等方面的研究。E-mail:

, authorsList=罗琳, 秦添雨, 杨高博, 严政懿, 傅志坚)}, authors=[Author(id=1168181854252311371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=luolin18@swjtu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1168181854327808848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, authorId=1168181854252311371, language=EN, stringName=Lin LUO, firstName=Lin, middleName=null, lastName=LUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China
2 National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China
3 Key Laboratory of Interior Layout Optimization and Security,Institutions of Higher Education of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Normal University,Chengdu Sichuan 611130,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1168181854390723410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, authorId=1168181854252311371, language=CN, stringName=罗琳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 西南交通大学 交通运输与物流学院,四川 成都 611756
2 西南交通大学 综合交通大数据应用技术国家工程实验室,四川 成都 611756
3 成都师范学院 室内空间布局优化与安全保障四川省高校实验室,四川 成都 611130, bio={"img":"ktlWfJvfErOu2n8aGILlvA==","content":"

罗 琳 (1990—),男,湖南常德人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事人员与疏散动力学、人员交通安全与密集人群管控等方面的研究。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=ktlWfJvfErOu2n8aGILlvA==, bioContent=

罗 琳 (1990—),男,湖南常德人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事人员与疏散动力学、人员交通安全与密集人群管控等方面的研究。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168181854034207550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854038401855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854034207550, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854046790464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854034207550, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 西南交通大学 交通运输与物流学院,四川 成都 611756)]), AuthorCompany(id=1168181854088733506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854097122115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854088733506, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854101316420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854088733506, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 西南交通大学 综合交通大数据应用技术国家工程实验室,四川 成都 611756)]), AuthorCompany(id=1168181854160036678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854168425287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854160036678, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Key Laboratory of Interior Layout Optimization and Security,Institutions of Higher Education of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Normal University,Chengdu Sichuan 611130,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854172619593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854160036678, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 成都师范学院 室内空间布局优化与安全保障四川省高校实验室,四川 成都 611130)])]), Author(id=1168181854449443668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1168181854503969623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, authorId=1168181854449443668, language=EN, stringName=Tianyu QIN, firstName=Tianyu, middleName=null, lastName=QIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1168181854562689881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, authorId=1168181854449443668, language=CN, stringName=秦添雨, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 西南交通大学 交通运输与物流学院,四川 成都 611756, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168181854034207550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854038401855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854034207550, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854046790464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854034207550, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 西南交通大学 交通运输与物流学院,四川 成都 611756)])]), Author(id=1168181854617215836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1168181854696907614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, authorId=1168181854617215836, language=EN, stringName=Gaobo YANG, firstName=Gaobo, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1168181854772405087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, authorId=1168181854617215836, language=CN, stringName=杨高博, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 西南交通大学 交通运输与物流学院,四川 成都 611756, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168181854034207550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854038401855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854034207550, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854046790464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854034207550, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 西南交通大学 交通运输与物流学院,四川 成都 611756)])]), Author(id=1168181854860485474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1168181854919205733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, authorId=1168181854860485474, language=EN, stringName=Zhengyi YAN, firstName=Zhengyi, middleName=null, lastName=YAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1168181854982120295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, authorId=1168181854860485474, language=CN, stringName=严政懿, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 西南交通大学 交通运输与物流学院,四川 成都 611756, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168181854034207550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854038401855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854034207550, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854046790464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854034207550, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 西南交通大学 交通运输与物流学院,四川 成都 611756)])]), Author(id=1168181855053423466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zjfu@swjtu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1168181855124726638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, authorId=1168181855053423466, language=EN, stringName=Zhijian FU, firstName=Zhijian, middleName=null, lastName=FU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, **, address=1 School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China
2 National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1168181855175058288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, authorId=1168181855053423466, language=CN, stringName=傅志坚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, **, address=1 西南交通大学 交通运输与物流学院,四川 成都 611756
2 西南交通大学 综合交通大数据应用技术国家工程实验室,四川 成都 611756, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168181854034207550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854038401855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854034207550, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854046790464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854034207550, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 西南交通大学 交通运输与物流学院,四川 成都 611756)]), AuthorCompany(id=1168181854088733506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854097122115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854088733506, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854101316420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854088733506, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 西南交通大学 综合交通大数据应用技术国家工程实验室,四川 成都 611756)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1168181855288304499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=evacuation bottleneck), Keyword(id=1168181855338636149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=evacuation experiment), Keyword(id=1168181855426716535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=optimization measure), Keyword(id=1168181855485436793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=instantaneous velocity), Keyword(id=1168181855531574139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=local density), Keyword(id=1168181855586100093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=疏散瓶颈), Keyword(id=1168181855640626047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=疏散试验), Keyword(id=1168181855711929217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=优化措施), Keyword(id=1168181855762260867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=瞬时速度), Keyword(id=1168181855833564037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=局部密度)], refs=[Reference(id=1168181858673107880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=16, issue=3, pageStart=228, pageEnd=234, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=李涛, 陈娟, 马剑, journalName=交通运输系统工程与信息, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李涛, 陈娟, 马剑, 等. 地铁车站旅客紧急疏散效率实验研究[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2016, 16(3):228-234., articleTitle=地铁车站旅客紧急疏散效率实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181858727633833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=16, issue=3, pageStart=228, pageEnd=234, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=LI Tao, CHEN Juan, MA Jian, journalName=Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Tao, CHEN Juan, MA Jian, et al. Experimental study of passenger evacuation efficiency in a metro station[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2016, 16(3):228-234., articleTitle=Experimental study of passenger evacuation efficiency in a metro station, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181858803131306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=29, issue=3, pageStart=180, pageEnd=186, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=郑霞忠, 蔡莉莉, 张明, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑霞忠, 蔡莉莉, 张明, 等. 多出口条件下应急疏散路径优化模型[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2019, 29(3):180-186., articleTitle=多出口条件下应急疏散路径优化模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181858861851563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=29, issue=3, pageStart=180, pageEnd=186, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=ZHENG Xiazhong, CAI Lili, ZHANG Ming, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHENG Xiazhong, CAI Lili, ZHANG Ming, et al. Emergency evacuation path optimization model under multi-export conditions[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019, 29(3):180-186., articleTitle=Emergency evacuation path optimization model under multi-export conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181858933154732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=4, pageStart=121, pageEnd=129, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=李盼盼, 马剑, 王巧, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李盼盼, 马剑, 王巧, 等. 步行力驱动的人群-桥梁系统耦合横向振动模拟研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(4):121-129., articleTitle=步行力驱动的人群-桥梁系统耦合横向振动模拟研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181858983486381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=4, pageStart=121, pageEnd=129, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=LI Panpan, MA Jian, WANG Qiao, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Panpan, MA Jian, WANG Qiao, et al. Simulation study on coupled lateral vibration of crowd-footbridge system driven by walking force[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(4):121-129., articleTitle=Simulation study on coupled lateral vibration of crowd-footbridge system driven by walking force, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181859038012334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=戴晓亚, journalName=出口诱导设置对人员疏散效率影响的研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=戴晓亚. 出口诱导设置对人员疏散效率影响的研究[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181859092538287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=DAI Xiaoya, journalName=Study on the influence of export guidanceSetting on pedestrian evacuation efficiency, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAI Xiaoya. Study on the influence of export guidanceSetting on pedestrian evacuation efficiency[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181859147064240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=452, issue=null, pageStart=157, pageEnd=166, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=LIN Peng, MA Jian, LIU Tianyang, journalName=Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIN Peng, MA Jian, LIU Tianyang, et al. An experimental study of the "faster-is-slower" effect using mice under panic[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2016, 452:157-166., articleTitle=An experimental study of the "faster-is-slower" effect using mice under panic, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181859218367409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=9, authorNames=FU Zhijian, FENG Yujing, XIONG Xingwen, journalName=Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FU Zhijian, FENG Yujing, XIONG Xingwen, et al. Characteristics of pedestrian dynamics in narrow aisles: empirical results[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2023, 625:DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2023.128983., articleTitle=Characteristics of pedestrian dynamics in narrow aisles: empirical results, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181859310642098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=2016, issue=4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=10, authorNames=GARCIMARTÍN A, PASTOR J M, ZURIGUEL I, journalName=Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GARCIMARTÍN A, PASTOR J M, ZURIGUEL I, et al. Flow of pedestrians through narrow doors with different competitiveness[J]. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2016, 2016(4):DOI: 10.1088/1742-5468/2016/04/043402., articleTitle=Flow of pedestrians through narrow doors with different competitiveness, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181859365168051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=16, issue=12, pageStart=37, pageEnd=43, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=李杏彩, 刘少博, 王亚飞, journalName=中国安全生产科学技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李杏彩, 刘少博, 王亚飞, 等. 考虑礼让规则与出口切分的瓶颈处人员动力学规律研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2020, 16(12):37-43., articleTitle=考虑礼让规则与出口切分的瓶颈处人员动力学规律研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181859419694004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=16, issue=12, pageStart=37, pageEnd=43, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=12, authorNames=LI Xingcai, LIU Shaobo, WANG Yafei, journalName=Journal of Safety Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Xingcai, LIU Shaobo, WANG Yafei, et al. Experimental study on pedestrian dynamics laws at bottleneck considering courtesy rules and exit splitting[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2020, 16(12):37-43., articleTitle=Experimental study on pedestrian dynamics laws at bottleneck considering courtesy rules and exit splitting, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181859495191477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=1, pageStart=191, pageEnd=197, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=13, authorNames=霍非舟, 吴丽君, 曾益萍, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=霍非舟, 吴丽君, 曾益萍, 等. 多出口场景下考虑动态出口选择的人员疏散[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(1):191-197., articleTitle=多出口场景下考虑动态出口选择的人员疏散, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181859562300342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=1, pageStart=191, pageEnd=197, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=14, authorNames=HUO Feizhou, WU Lijun, ZENG Yiping, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUO Feizhou, WU Lijun, ZENG Yiping, et al. Evacuation of pedestrian considering dynamic exit choice in multi-exit scenarios[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(1):191-197., articleTitle=Evacuation of pedestrian considering dynamic exit choice in multi-exit scenarios, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181859641992119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=47, issue=null, pageStart=8, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=15, authorNames=TIAN Wei, SONG Weiguo, MA Jian, journalName=Fire Safety Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TIAN Wei, SONG Weiguo, MA Jian, et al. Experimental study of pedestrian behaviors in a corridor based on digital image processing[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2012, 47:8-15., articleTitle=Experimental study of pedestrian behaviors in a corridor based on digital image processing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181859738461112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=16, authorNames=刘晓栋, journalName=人员相向流和进入流的实验与模型研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘晓栋. 人员相向流和进入流的实验与模型研究[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181859788792761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=17, authorNames=LIU Xiaodong, journalName=Experimental and modeling study on pedestrian counterflow and inflow, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Xiaodong. Experimental and modeling study on pedestrian counterflow and inflow[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181859830735802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=98, issue=null, pageStart=14, pageEnd=27, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=SUN Lishan, LUO Wei, YAO Liya, journalName=Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Lishan, LUO Wei, YAO Liya, et al. A comparative study of funnel shape bottlenecks in subway stations[J]. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2017, 98:14-27., articleTitle=A comparative study of funnel shape bottlenecks in subway stations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181859914621883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=163, pageEnd=170, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=19, authorNames=MATSUOKA T, IWAMOTO M, SUZUNO K, journalName=Traffic and Granular Flow'13, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MATSUOKA T, IWAMOTO M, SUZUNO K, et al. Effects of an obstacle position for pedestrian evacuation: SF model approach[C]. Traffic and Granular Flow'13, 2015:163-170., articleTitle=Effects of an obstacle position for pedestrian evacuation: SF model approach, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181859981730748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=442, issue=null, pageStart=224, pageEnd=238, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=20, authorNames=LIU Xiaodong, SONG Weiguo, FU Libi, journalName=Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Xiaodong, SONG Weiguo, FU Libi, et al. Experimental study of pedestrian inflow in a room with a separate entrance and exit[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2016, 442:224-238., articleTitle=Experimental study of pedestrian inflow in a room with a separate entrance and exit, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168181860053033917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=91, issue=null, pageStart=124, pageEnd=155, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=21, authorNames=FELICIANI C, NISHINARI K, journalName=Transportation Research Part C, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FELICIANI C, NISHINARI K. Measurement of congestion and intrinsic risk in pedestrian crowds[J]. Transportation Research Part C, 2018, 91:124-155., articleTitle=Measurement of congestion and intrinsic risk in pedestrian crowds, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1168181858270454692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, awardId=12002291, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助(12002291), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1168181858408866725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, awardId=72274160, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助(72274160), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1168181858484364198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, awardId=2682023ZTPY031, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2682023ZTPY031), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1168181858543084455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, awardId=2023SNKJ-09, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省高校重点实验室2023年度项目(2023SNKJ-09), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168181854034207550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854038401855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854034207550, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854046790464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854034207550, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 西南交通大学 交通运输与物流学院,四川 成都 611756)]), AuthorCompany(id=1168181854088733506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854097122115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854088733506, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854101316420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854088733506, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 西南交通大学 综合交通大数据应用技术国家工程实验室,四川 成都 611756)]), AuthorCompany(id=1168181854160036678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854168425287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854160036678, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Key Laboratory of Interior Layout Optimization and Security,Institutions of Higher Education of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Normal University,Chengdu Sichuan 611130,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168181854172619593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, companyId=1168181854160036678, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 成都师范学院 室内空间布局优化与安全保障四川省高校实验室,四川 成都 611130)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1168181855984558984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Experiment scenario, figureFileSmall=Xf4CYfazQf4sziI3G7p9hA==, figureFileBig=gefXvT+EVqBQLRUMU86HJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181856043279241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, label=图1, caption=试验基本场景, figureFileSmall=Xf4CYfazQf4sziI3G7p9hA==, figureFileBig=gefXvT+EVqBQLRUMU86HJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181856093610890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Bottleneck optimization measures, figureFileSmall=ZnIUCWTLqDHWTRyrqoSMJg==, figureFileBig=LBsHGzrs9Sn00QoyylC7RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181856143942539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, label=图2, caption=瓶颈优化措施, figureFileSmall=ZnIUCWTLqDHWTRyrqoSMJg==, figureFileBig=LBsHGzrs9Sn00QoyylC7RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181856202662796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Diagram of pedestrian movement trajectory, figureFileSmall=uXm0M4gYASyX9aHF63OUrA==, figureFileBig=qotCMpNcCYQbKIKjW1zmeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181856269771661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, label=图3, caption=行人运动轨迹, figureFileSmall=uXm0M4gYASyX9aHF63OUrA==, figureFileBig=qotCMpNcCYQbKIKjW1zmeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181856332686222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Instantaneous speed calculation, figureFileSmall=Z/474MZlFaHC+b8EZniKXQ==, figureFileBig=Z/0jfeCmJAEJDUmEx1uCwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181856391406479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, label=图4, caption=瞬时速度计算, figureFileSmall=Z/474MZlFaHC+b8EZniKXQ==, figureFileBig=Z/0jfeCmJAEJDUmEx1uCwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181856492069776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Local density calculation, figureFileSmall=XXigDiYK3esgXrZv4DEFyA==, figureFileBig=RY6ujB4rR30EF3KfmeOLLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181856571761553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, label=图5, caption=局部密度计算, figureFileSmall=XXigDiYK3esgXrZv4DEFyA==, figureFileBig=RY6ujB4rR30EF3KfmeOLLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181856643064722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=N-t diagram of evacuation without optimization measures, figureFileSmall=VzEava+ULGpgQ+T0w3zn3Q==, figureFileBig=jSW1IPCvQrepK7/Kco5ARQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181856705979283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, label=图6, caption=无优化措施时人员疏散N-t, figureFileSmall=VzEava+ULGpgQ+T0w3zn3Q==, figureFileBig=jSW1IPCvQrepK7/Kco5ARQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181856781476756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Evacuation speed without optimization measures, figureFileSmall=9YB63yr9MMW0NXpOnuO2rQ==, figureFileBig=iemFFF+jc6xujfnw/Fj51g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181856844391317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, label=图7, caption=无优化措施时人员疏散速度, figureFileSmall=9YB63yr9MMW0NXpOnuO2rQ==, figureFileBig=iemFFF+jc6xujfnw/Fj51g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181856907305878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Evacuation speed of pedestrians with fixed directions when adding a column or railing, figureFileSmall=m+Rj+6MzS62lZ0kknESjSg==, figureFileBig=n3udlAGwBt8WBLUurB6TkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181856974414743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, label=图8, caption=加立柱和栏杆时固定疏散方向人员的疏散速度, figureFileSmall=m+Rj+6MzS62lZ0kknESjSg==, figureFileBig=n3udlAGwBt8WBLUurB6TkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181857075078040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Evacuation speed when adding straight passage and funnel passage, figureFileSmall=/tHERoIMk33Okp4KmI0iaw==, figureFileBig=CphLHlihb66RvdnA+0LB2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181857154769817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, label=图9, caption=加入等宽通道以及漏斗型通道后的疏散速度, figureFileSmall=/tHERoIMk33Okp4KmI0iaw==, figureFileBig=CphLHlihb66RvdnA+0LB2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181857221878682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Fundamental diagrams of pedestrians without luggage in fixed evacuation direction, figureFileSmall=4oA9Fw1e3y6my5KYOA7e7A==, figureFileBig=VtEmIZA3sJY35mHFu61ZFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181857280598939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, label=图10, caption=未携带行李人员固定方向行走基本图, figureFileSmall=4oA9Fw1e3y6my5KYOA7e7A==, figureFileBig=VtEmIZA3sJY35mHFu61ZFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181857335124892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Fundamental diagrams of pedestrians with luggage in fixed evacuation direction, figureFileSmall=KwFRcEcMqa4xXOLGs+0d5Q==, figureFileBig=H+rAKJR+zJlXgvURl++8Sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181857398039453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, label=图11, caption=携带行李人员固定方向行走基本图, figureFileSmall=KwFRcEcMqa4xXOLGs+0d5Q==, figureFileBig=H+rAKJR+zJlXgvURl++8Sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181857465148318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Group settings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
优化措施 W/m 行李 离开方向 工况
无措施 1.2 随机/固定 1/2
2.0 随机/固定 3/4
2.0 随机/固定 5/6
2.4 随机/固定 7/8
单个立柱 1.2 随机/固定 9/10
2.0 随机/固定 11/12
2.0 随机/固定 13/14
2.4 随机/固定 15/16
2 m长栏杆 1.2 随机/固定 17/18
2.0 随机/固定 19/20
2.0 随机/固定 21/22
2.4 随机/固定 23/24
通道 L=2.6 m 1.2 随机 25
L=4.6 m 1.2 随机 26
漏斗 L=0 m 1.2 随机 27
L=2.6 m 1.2 随机 28
), ArticleFig(id=1168181857628726175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

分组设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
优化措施 W/m 行李 离开方向 工况
无措施 1.2 随机/固定 1/2
2.0 随机/固定 3/4
2.0 随机/固定 5/6
2.4 随机/固定 7/8
单个立柱 1.2 随机/固定 9/10
2.0 随机/固定 11/12
2.0 随机/固定 13/14
2.4 随机/固定 15/16
2 m长栏杆 1.2 随机/固定 17/18
2.0 随机/固定 19/20
2.0 随机/固定 21/22
2.4 随机/固定 23/24
通道 L=2.6 m 1.2 随机 25
L=4.6 m 1.2 随机 26
漏斗 L=0 m 1.2 随机 27
L=2.6 m 1.2 随机 28
), ArticleFig(id=1168181857712612256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Evacuation time statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 疏散时
间/s
工况 疏散时
间/s
工况 疏散时
间/s
工况 疏散时
间/s
1 19.50 8 18.14 15 17.49 22 26.77
2 21.61 9 23.03 16 15.86 23 17.34
3 15.09 10 23.29 17 23.03 24 14.17
4 14.60 11 14.25 18 24.51 25 19.92
5 21.60 12 12.67 19 16.54 26 20.75
6 24.65 13 22.37 20 13.73 27 17.72
7 18.51 14 25.81 21 23.83 28 19.42
), ArticleFig(id=1168181857783915425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

总疏散时间统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 疏散时
间/s
工况 疏散时
间/s
工况 疏散时
间/s
工况 疏散时
间/s
1 19.50 8 18.14 15 17.49 22 26.77
2 21.61 9 23.03 16 15.86 23 17.34
3 15.09 10 23.29 17 23.03 24 14.17
4 14.60 11 14.25 18 24.51 25 19.92
5 21.60 12 12.67 19 16.54 26 20.75
6 24.65 13 22.37 20 13.73 27 17.72
7 18.51 14 25.81 21 23.83 28 19.42
), ArticleFig(id=1168181857981047714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Density statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 ρmax /m-2 ρa /m-2 工况 ρmax /m-2 ρa /m-2
1 4.38 3.39 15 2.85 2.25
2 4.26 3.49 16 4.07 2.42
3 3.36 2.20 17 4.40 3.21
4 3.49 2.46 18 4.80 3.88
5 2.93 2.22 19 3.98 2.56
6 4.04 2.60 20 4.25 2.91
7 2.59 1.98 21 3.34 2.38
8 3.93 2.37 22 4.23 2.37
9 3.70 2.92 23 2.70 2.01
10 3.89 2.91 24 3.87 2.18
11 3.46 2.45 25 4.64 3.35
12 3.38 2.27 26 5.09 3.68
13 3.11 2.47 27 3.96 2.47
14 4.18 2.86 28 4.41 3.30
), ArticleFig(id=1168181858098488227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743086718337293, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

密度统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 ρmax /m-2 ρa /m-2 工况 ρmax /m-2 ρa /m-2
1 4.38 3.39 15 2.85 2.25
2 4.26 3.49 16 4.07 2.42
3 3.36 2.20 17 4.40 3.21
4 3.49 2.46 18 4.80 3.88
5 2.93 2.22 19 3.98 2.56
6 4.04 2.60 20 4.25 2.91
7 2.59 1.98 21 3.34 2.38
8 3.93 2.37 22 4.23 2.37
9 3.70 2.92 23 2.70 2.01
10 3.89 2.91 24 3.87 2.18
11 3.46 2.45 25 4.64 3.35
12 3.38 2.27 26 5.09 3.68
13 3.11 2.47 27 3.96 2.47
14 4.18 2.86 28 4.41 3.30
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1123942128916217864, delFlag=0, nameCn=中国安全科学学报, nameEn=China Safety Science Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-3033, eissn=, cn=11-2865/X, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=0, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=fkqsFM6VKlHC4gCtS5XqTw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chin Saf Sci J, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1754269350027, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=C, firstLetterEn=C, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=fkqsFM6VKlHC4gCtS5XqTw==, picEn=SHn9HgqSxtJrOcAxqD++4Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1159052918994595848, language=CN, name=中国安全科学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.cssjj.com.cn/, createdTime=1754269350050, updatedTime=1754269350050, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.cssjj.com.cn/CN/column/item15.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1159052919040733193, language=EN, name=China Safety Science Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.cssjj.com.cn/EN/1003-3033/home.shtml, createdTime=1754269350061, updatedTime=1754269350061, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/EN/column/column3.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146031787341344770, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202345263519, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031787341344770, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112766, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753502583634, updateBy=18614031015, name=《中国安全科学学报》中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=中国安全科学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148618794941046792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751781661020, updateTime=1751781661020, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794911686661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751781661012, updateTime=1751781661012, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794894909444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=tui0IVO9FMwB61HHtX5scg==, createTime=1751781661008, updateTime=1751781661008, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794932658183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751781661017, updateTime=1751781661017, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794924269574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751781661015, updateTime=1751781661015, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155836763751993353, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031787341344770, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1753502558893, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753524450387, updateBy=18614031015, name=《中国安全科学学报》英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=China Safety Science Journal, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155895925743669425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753516664205, updateTime=1753516664205, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925722697902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753516664200, updateTime=1753516664200, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925714309293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=tui0IVO9FMwB61HHtX5scg==, createTime=1753516664198, updateTime=1753516664198, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925735280816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753516664203, updateTime=1753516664203, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925731086511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753516664202, updateTime=1753516664202, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=China Safety Science Journal, journalPhotoCn=fkqsFM6VKlHC4gCtS5XqTw==, journalPhotoEn=SHn9HgqSxtJrOcAxqD++4Q==, journalFirstLetter=C, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=1, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=null, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1912, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/EN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1912, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/PDF/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1912, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/EN/PDF/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1912, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
典型优化措施下的瓶颈疏散试验研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
罗琳 1, 2, 3 , 秦添雨 1 , 杨高博 1 , 严政懿 1 , 傅志坚 1, 2, **
中国安全科学学报 | 公共安全 2024,34(6): 181-187
收起
收藏切换
中国安全科学学报 | 公共安全 2024, 34(6): 181-187
典型优化措施下的瓶颈疏散试验研究
全屏
罗琳1, 2, 3 , 秦添雨1, 杨高博1, 严政懿1, 傅志坚1, 2, **
作者信息
  • 1 西南交通大学 交通运输与物流学院,四川 成都 611756
  • 2 西南交通大学 综合交通大数据应用技术国家工程实验室,四川 成都 611756
  • 3 成都师范学院 室内空间布局优化与安全保障四川省高校实验室,四川 成都 611130
  • 罗 琳 (1990—),男,湖南常德人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事人员与疏散动力学、人员交通安全与密集人群管控等方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

**傅志坚(1988—),男,湖南邵阳人,博士,副教授,主要从事交通安全与行人动力学等方面的研究。E-mail:
Experimental study on evacuation trough bottleneck under typical optimization strategies
Lin LUO1, 2, 3 , Tianyu QIN1, Gaobo YANG1, Zhengyi YAN1, Zhijian FU1, 2, **
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China
  • 2 National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Interior Layout Optimization and Security,Institutions of Higher Education of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Normal University,Chengdu Sichuan 611130,China
出版时间: 2024-06-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1912
文章导航
收藏切换

为探究典型优化措施对疏散瓶颈通行效率与安全性的影响,开展耦合人员特征因素的疏散试验。试验根据不同优化措施与人员特征分为28种工况,获取所有工况的疏散时间、瞬时速度、瓶颈处局部密度等数据。结果表明:瓶颈优化措施的实施效果受到瓶颈宽度、人员是否携带行李以及是否固定疏散方向的影响,工程应用中需要结合人员特征与现场管控策略的需求进行针对性选择;瓶颈中加入立柱的优化措施更适合不携带行李的人员,在瓶颈宽度较低时能提升瓶颈通行的安全性,密度最多可降低15.30%,在瓶颈宽度较宽时能提高疏散效率13.18%;加入栏杆比较适合瓶颈宽度较宽时携带行李的人员,配合固定疏散方向的管控策略,能在保障安全性的同时显著提高疏散效率21.90%;改变瓶颈形状的3种措施中,瓶颈前增加漏斗型通道优化效果较好,既能提高安全性,降低密度9.59%,还能缩短疏散时间9.14%;而加入等宽通道或漏斗型与等宽通道的组合,从疏散安全性和效率2方面看都会产生负面影响。

疏散瓶颈  /  疏散试验  /  优化措施  /  瞬时速度  /  局部密度

In order to examine the effects of typical optimization measures on the efficiency and safety of evacuating bottlenecks,evacuation tests incorporating pedestrian characteristics were conducted. The test encompassed 28 distinct cases,representing different combinations of optimization measures and pedestrian traits. Parameters such as evacuation time,speed,and local occupant density were measured across all conditions. Our findings reveal that the efficacy of bottleneck optimization measures is influenced by factors such as bottleneck width,the presence of luggage,and fixed evacuation directions. Practical implementation needs a tailored approach,integrating pedestrian characteristics and site-specific control strategies. Specifically,introducing a column in front of the bottleneck significantly benefits pedestrians without luggage,leading to a 15.30% reduction in density during bottleneck navigation with narrower widths,thereby enhancing safety,and concurrently improving evacuation efficiency by 13.18% in scenarios with wider bottleneck widths. Meanwhile,introducing a rail is preferable for pedestrians carrying luggage with wider bottleneck widths,especially when combined with a fixed evacuation direction,significantly enhancing evacuation efficiency by 21.90% while maintaining safety. Among the three bottleneck configuration alterations,incorporating a funnel-shaped passage preceding the bottleneck stands out as the most effective optimization measure,resulting in a notable 9.59% reduction in density,thereby enhancing safety,along with a simultaneous 9.14% decrease in evacuation times. It is noteworthy that the implementation of a straight channel or the combination of a straight channel and a funnel-shaped passage may yield negative impacts on both safety and efficiency.

evacuation bottleneck  /  evacuation experiment  /  optimization measure  /  instantaneous velocity  /  local density
罗琳, 秦添雨, 杨高博, 严政懿, 傅志坚. 典型优化措施下的瓶颈疏散试验研究. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (6) : 181 -187 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1912
Lin LUO, Tianyu QIN, Gaobo YANG, Zhengyi YAN, Zhijian FU. Experimental study on evacuation trough bottleneck under typical optimization strategies[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (6) : 181 -187 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1912
在开展客流安全疏散的过程中,通行需求大于通行能力的地方被称为疏散瓶颈,如房间出口、屏蔽门、地铁闸机等。疏散瓶颈的通行能力是建筑设计和消防评估中计算和校准疏散时间的核心参数。在实际疏散过程中,瓶颈的形成又会大幅度增加人群拥挤程度和疏散时间,降低人群耐性,带来安全隐患。现有的实地疏散试验[1]和模拟仿真研究[2-3]都表明:瓶颈是拥挤踩踏事故的易发位置,同时也是限制疏散效率的关键因素。因此,合理处置瓶颈是制定和优化应急疏导策略的关键。
近年来,越来越多的学者开展可控疏散试验,收集实证数据以探究疏散行为及相关的影响因素。试验手段包括颗粒流试验[4]、动物试验[5]、人员试验[6]等。研究较多的是瓶颈宽度与人员的运动意图对瓶颈流量的影响[7-9]。有研究者提出,由于拉链效应,流量呈阶梯式增加,但也有学者观察到流量与瓶颈宽度呈线性关系[10]。受快即是慢效应的启发,开始有研究者提出在瓶颈前加入障碍物[11]或改变出口形状[12]等方式来优化瓶颈,其优化效果在大量仿真模拟中得到验证。然而关于瓶颈优化措施的实证研究还较为分散,缺乏优化措施与人员特征的耦合分析,甚至有些结论还互相矛盾。如MATSUOKA等[13]发现在瓶颈处放置障碍物可减缓拥堵提高瓶颈流量,而LIU Xiaodong等[14]在瓶颈前、后分别放置障碍都发现瓶颈流量出现了不同程度的下降。目前,对瓶颈典型优化措施的系统性试验分析仍存空白,亟待开展相关研究。
鉴于此,笔者拟考虑瓶颈中放置立柱、放置栏杆、加入等宽通道、设置漏斗型通道等典型瓶颈优化措施,设计若干组疏散试验。同时耦合人员是否携带行李以及是否固定疏散方向等人员特征因素,分析不同优化措施下瓶颈通行效率与安全性的表现,以期丰富当前疏散瓶颈理论研究,为校准疏散模型与优化应急疏导策略提供数据参考。
疏散试验在西南交通大学第4教学楼前开展,基本试验场景如图1所示。共招募50名志愿者,均为高校学生,其中男性26名,女性24名,平均年龄22.5岁(标准差SD=2.3)。
试验设置5个类型场景:无优化措施、疏散瓶颈中央放置立柱、瓶颈中央放置2 m长栏杆、瓶颈后加长度为L的等宽通道以及瓶颈前放置漏斗型通道;其中,部分场景还会改变瓶颈的宽度W。分组设置见表1,4种优化措施如图2所示。同时考虑人员携带和不携带行李的情况,且行李尺寸约为42 cm×65 cm×26 cm的拉杆箱。试验开始前,所有人员随机站立在等待区内。试验开始后,人员离开试验场景的方式有2种:①所有人随机选择方向尽快离开试验场景;②指定一半人必须向左离开,另一半必须向右离开。为避免偶然误差的影响,每种工况都重复进行3次。
人员在试验过程中均佩戴带有标记的帽子和肩章。试验过程由定点拍摄的摄像机以 25 帧/s 频率采集图像。随后用人员轨迹检测与跟踪软件Pe-Track提取拍摄视频中所有志愿者的实时运动轨迹,如图3所示。利用轨迹信息,计算得到如下数据:
1) 疏散时间。工作人员发出开始信号到人员离开疏散瓶颈为止。最后一个人员离开瓶颈的时间即为总疏散时间。将所有人员的疏散时间按照他们离开的先后顺序依次排列,得到N-t图。注意N-t图也可以阐述为已经通过瓶颈的人数随时间的变化曲线。
2) 瞬时速度。轨迹信息中包含人员在每一帧的空间坐标(xtyt),每2帧之间的时间间隔为Δt=0.04s。借鉴指数加权平均数的算法,利用下式计算人员在当前时刻的瞬时速度v(t),m/s。每一帧的瞬时速度考虑其自身和前后各2帧的影响,如图4所示。其中,一级邻帧对该帧速度贡献权重为0.75,二级邻帧贡献权重为0.25。
v (t) = 0.75 d t - 1 t + d t t + 1 2 Δ t + 0.25 d t - 2 t - 1 + d t + 1 t + 2 2 Δ t
其中, d i j = ( x i - x j ) 2 + ( y i - y j ) 2
3) 局部密度。参照FELICIANI等[15]对密集人群密度的统计方法,将试验场景划分为0.2m×0.2m的小网格。在选定时刻t前后各取12帧,统计这25帧(即1s时间段内)内每个网格中出现的人员轨迹点数量。每个网格的局部密度考虑了其自身和周围24个网格的影响,如图5所示。其中,N0表示该网格内轨迹点数量, N 1 k表示其8个一级邻域网格内轨迹点数量, N 2 k表示其16个二级邻域网格内轨迹点数量。三者的权重分别设定为0.5、0.3、0.2。每个网格在时刻t的密度ρ(txy)由下式计算得到,其单位为m-2。其中,分母处的6.1是权重值与相应网格个数相乘之后再求和所得到的归一化系数,即6.1=0.5×1+0.3×8+0.2×16。
ρ ( t x y ) = 0.5 6.1 N 0 + 0.3 k = 1 8 N 1 k 6.1 + 0.2 k = 1 16 N 2 k 6.1
N-t图可直观地反映出各个阶段的疏散效率。考虑到每种工况进行3次重复试验,选择平均值绘制N-t曲线并标注误差带。无优化措施时人员疏散N-t图如图6所示。
作为对照,首先分析了不采取疏散瓶颈优化措施的情况下,是否携带行李以及不同疏散方向对疏散时间的影响。图6a显示,对于未携带行李人员,瓶颈宽度较窄时固定疏散方向在各个阶段都不利于疏散,总疏散时间提高10.84%。然而当瓶颈宽度逐渐增大时,则出现了疏散中期,固定方向依然会导致疏散效率的降低,第25号人员的疏散时间增加了13.48%;在疏散的后期,其疏散效率会逐步提高并超过随机方向,总体疏散时间下降3.29%。图6b显示,对于携带行李人员存在类似的规律。瓶颈宽度较窄时固定疏散方向的总疏散时间提高14.12%。而瓶颈宽度较宽时固定方向的第25号人员的疏散时间增加22.46%,总疏散时间降低1.20%。这是由于人员初始是随机站立在等待区,向左和向右的人员之间存在大量的冲突。而在疏散后期,不同方向的人员分布在瓶颈前的两侧,彼此冲突大大减少。若此时瓶颈宽度足够则形成左右2列更加有序的行人流,从而提高疏散效率。
在加入瓶颈优化措施后,所有工况均不再出现疏散中期与后期效率变化不一致的情况。总疏散时间统计见表2,用来反映整个过程的疏散效率变化。
对比未携带行李,加入立柱的工况9—12,加入栏杆的工况13—16和对照组1—4。1.2m疏散瓶颈宽度下,随机和固定方向人员在放入立柱后疏散时间分别上升18.10%和7.78%,在放入长栏杆后疏散时间分别上升13.38%和19.17%。可见:当瓶颈宽度较窄时放入立柱或栏杆都会降低未携带行李人员的疏散效率。2.0m瓶颈宽度下,随机和固定方向人员在放入立柱后疏散时间分别下降5.57%和9.89%。在放入长栏杆后随机方向人员疏散时间增加 9.60%,固定方向人员下降5.96%。综合来看,当瓶颈宽度较宽时让未携带行李人员按照固定方向疏散并加入立柱是效率最高的。
对比携带行李,加入立柱的工况13—16,加入栏杆的工况21—24和对照组5—8。同样的在疏散瓶颈宽度较窄时放入立柱或栏杆也会降低携带行李人员的疏散效率。而当瓶颈宽度提高到2.4m时,随机和固定方向人员在放入立柱后疏散时间分别下降5.51%和12.57%,在放入长栏杆后疏散时间分别上升6.32%和21.89%。可见对于携带行李人员而言,加入栏杆后的瓶颈优化效果要优于立柱。
对比疏散瓶颈后加等宽通道以及漏斗型通道的工况25—28和对照组1。在此只考虑未携带行李且随机方向疏散的情况。瓶颈后加入等宽通道会略微降低疏散效率,通道越长降低得越多。瓶颈前放置漏斗型通道能够提高疏散效率,总疏散时间减少9.14%。采用漏斗型加2.6m延长通道组合的措施时总疏散时间与对照组相同。
统计最大疏散时间1/3~2/3时间段内所有人员的瞬时速度。只展示疏散速度有提升的工况。
无优化措施时疏散速度的对比如图7所示。对于未携带行李人员,固定疏散方向后疏散速度的平均值会略微提升。通过独立样本 T 检验结果,随机与固定方向疏散速度的统计学显著性水平 sig.=0.121>0.05。对于携带行李人员,固定疏散方向后疏散速度的平均值会略微下降,二者显著性水平sig.=0.580>0.05。可见改变疏散方向对疏散速度的影响不显著。
加立柱和栏杆时人员疏散速度的对比如图8所示。对于未携带行李人员,加入立柱后能提升疏散速度,且显著性水平 sig.=0.012<0.05。而加入栏杆后显著性水平 sig.=0.676>0.05,不存在显著性变化。对于携带行李人员,加入立柱和栏杆都会提升疏散速度,栏杆的提升效果更好。显著性水平分别为sig.=0.001<0.05和sig.=0.000<0.05。
加入等宽通道以及漏斗型通道后的疏散速度如图9所示。加入漏斗型通道后,疏散速度出现小幅度上升,且显著性水平 sig.=0.02<0.05,存在显著性差异。而在加入2.6m长等宽通道后,显著性水平 sig.=0.792>0.05,加入漏斗型与等宽通道的组合后,显著性水平 sig.=0.238>0.05,疏散速度均无显著性差异。
疏散瓶颈前密度的高低反映出瓶颈的拥挤程度,密度越高说明越拥挤,安全性越低。统计最大疏散时间1/3~2/3时间段内瓶颈前方的局部密度,排除了立柱和栏杆所占的区域。区域内出现的最大密度ρmax以及平均密度ρa表3
对于不携带行李人员,工况1—4表明疏散方向对密度的影响不大。工况9—12表明放入立柱能够降低密度,尤其是在瓶颈宽度较窄时,可降低15.53%。工况17—20表明放入栏杆会增加密度,尤其是固定方向时,可增加21.78%。
对于携带行李人员,工况5—8表明固定行走方向会大幅度提升其密度。工况13—16及工况21—24表明:放入立柱或栏杆在大部分情况下会提高其密度,瓶颈宽度较窄时提高得更多。但宽度较宽且固定方向时密度则会略微降低。
工况25—28表明:增加漏斗型的通道能够降低瓶颈前密度9.89%。而增加等宽通道或漏斗型与等宽通道的组合,都会增加密度。
基本图可进一步阐述优化措施对密集人群流动内在规律的影响。未携带行李人员在瓶颈宽度较宽时固定方向的基本图如图10所示。图中取0.2m-2密度区间中速度的平均值与标准差。从图10中可以看出,加入栏杆会增加未携带行李人员的最大密度,但对基本图关系几乎没有影响。而加入立柱,可以增加中高密度区间的速度。携带行李人员在相应情况下的基本图如图11所示。从图11中可以看出,加入立柱只会增加高密度区间的速度,而栏杆则可增加整个密度区间中的速度。
1) 疏散瓶颈优化措施的效果受到瓶颈宽度、人员是否携带行李以及是否固定疏散方向的影响,工程应用中需要结合人员状态与现场管控策略的需求进行针对性选择。
2) 疏散瓶颈中加入立柱的优化措施更加适合不携带行李的人员。在瓶颈宽度较低时,立柱会增加疏散时间,随机与固定方向人员分别增加18.08%和7.78%。同时能够大幅度降低瓶颈前的密度,随机与固定方向人员分别减小15.30%和8.75%,一定程度上提升瓶颈通行的安全性。在瓶颈宽度较宽时,放入立柱对密度影响不大但能够提高疏散速度,配合固定方向的疏散策略可缩短疏散时间13.18%。
3) 加入栏杆比较适合疏散瓶颈宽度较宽时携带行李的人员。此时瓶颈前密度变动不大,随机方向人员密度增加4.3%,固定方向人员的密度降低1.6%。但疏散速度会得到显著提高,随机与固定方向人员的疏散时间分别减小6.30%和21.90%。同时需注意,在较窄的瓶颈宽度下,加入栏杆会让携带行李人员的疏散时间和密度都显著上升,应当予以避免。
4) 改变疏散瓶颈形状的3种措施中,增加漏斗型的通道优化效果较好。一方面能够降低瓶颈前密度9.59%,提高安全性。另一方面还能够提升疏散速度,缩短疏散时间9.14%。而加入等宽通道或漏斗型与等宽通道的组合,都会增加密度,降低疏散速度。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(12002291)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(72274160)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2682023ZTPY031)
  • 四川省高校重点实验室2023年度项目(2023SNKJ-09)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
李涛, 陈娟, 马剑, 等. 地铁车站旅客紧急疏散效率实验研究[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2016, 16(3):228-234.
LI Tao, CHEN Juan, MA Jian, et al. Experimental study of passenger evacuation efficiency in a metro station[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2016, 16(3):228-234.
[2]
郑霞忠, 蔡莉莉, 张明, 等. 多出口条件下应急疏散路径优化模型[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2019, 29(3):180-186.
ZHENG Xiazhong, CAI Lili, ZHANG Ming, et al. Emergency evacuation path optimization model under multi-export conditions[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019, 29(3):180-186.
[3]
李盼盼, 马剑, 王巧, 等. 步行力驱动的人群-桥梁系统耦合横向振动模拟研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(4):121-129.
LI Panpan, MA Jian, WANG Qiao, et al. Simulation study on coupled lateral vibration of crowd-footbridge system driven by walking force[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(4):121-129.
[4]
戴晓亚. 出口诱导设置对人员疏散效率影响的研究[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 2017.
DAI Xiaoya. Study on the influence of export guidanceSetting on pedestrian evacuation efficiency[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2017.
[5]
LIN Peng, MA Jian, LIU Tianyang, et al. An experimental study of the "faster-is-slower" effect using mice under panic[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2016, 452:157-166.
[6]
FU Zhijian, FENG Yujing, XIONG Xingwen, et al. Characteristics of pedestrian dynamics in narrow aisles: empirical results[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2023, 625:DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2023.128983.
[7]
GARCIMARTÍN A, PASTOR J M, ZURIGUEL I, et al. Flow of pedestrians through narrow doors with different competitiveness[J]. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2016, 2016(4):DOI: 10.1088/1742-5468/2016/04/043402.
[8]
李杏彩, 刘少博, 王亚飞, 等. 考虑礼让规则与出口切分的瓶颈处人员动力学规律研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2020, 16(12):37-43.
LI Xingcai, LIU Shaobo, WANG Yafei, et al. Experimental study on pedestrian dynamics laws at bottleneck considering courtesy rules and exit splitting[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2020, 16(12):37-43.
[9]
霍非舟, 吴丽君, 曾益萍, 等. 多出口场景下考虑动态出口选择的人员疏散[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(1):191-197.
HUO Feizhou, WU Lijun, ZENG Yiping, et al. Evacuation of pedestrian considering dynamic exit choice in multi-exit scenarios[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(1):191-197.
[10]
TIAN Wei, SONG Weiguo, MA Jian, et al. Experimental study of pedestrian behaviors in a corridor based on digital image processing[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2012, 47:8-15.
[11]
刘晓栋. 人员相向流和进入流的实验与模型研究[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2016.
LIU Xiaodong. Experimental and modeling study on pedestrian counterflow and inflow[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2016.
[12]
SUN Lishan, LUO Wei, YAO Liya, et al. A comparative study of funnel shape bottlenecks in subway stations[J]. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2017, 98:14-27.
[13]
MATSUOKA T, IWAMOTO M, SUZUNO K, et al. Effects of an obstacle position for pedestrian evacuation: SF model approach[C]. Traffic and Granular Flow'13, 2015:163-170.
[14]
LIU Xiaodong, SONG Weiguo, FU Libi, et al. Experimental study of pedestrian inflow in a room with a separate entrance and exit[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2016, 442:224-238.
[15]
FELICIANI C, NISHINARI K. Measurement of congestion and intrinsic risk in pedestrian crowds[J]. Transportation Research Part C, 2018, 91:124-155.
2024年第34卷第6期
PDF下载
219
79
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1912
  • 接收时间:2023-12-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-06-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-14
  • 修回日期:2024-03-18
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(12002291)
国家自然科学基金资助(72274160)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2682023ZTPY031)
四川省高校重点实验室2023年度项目(2023SNKJ-09)
作者信息
    1 西南交通大学 交通运输与物流学院,四川 成都 611756
    2 西南交通大学 综合交通大数据应用技术国家工程实验室,四川 成都 611756
    3 成都师范学院 室内空间布局优化与安全保障四川省高校实验室,四川 成都 611130

通讯作者:

**傅志坚(1988—),男,湖南邵阳人,博士,副教授,主要从事交通安全与行人动力学等方面的研究。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1912
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏