Article(id=1149743084948340996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149743083069288795, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)06-0109-10, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.0081, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702742400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-17, revisedDate=1710777600000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049712645, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1719504000000, pubDateStr=2024-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049712645, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049712645, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049712645, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149743083069288795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752049712197, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756468919644, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1168278582599098697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149743083069288795, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1168278582599098698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149743083069288795, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=109, endPage=118, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149743085137084678, articleId=1149743084948340996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Pull-out model test of anti-floating multi-bell-shaped anchor under cyclic loading, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the reasons for the deterioration of the anchor performance caused by groundwater variation,a series of physical model tests were employed to explore the anchorage enhancement of the expanded anchor in the anti-floating process. Firstly,a single pull-out test was carried out through the indoor model test,and the change of bearing capacity of multi-bell-shaped expanded anchor under different buried depths during the pull-out process was obtained. Secondly,according to the ultimate uplift bearing capacity obtained from the single pull-out test,the cyclic test was carried out to explore the evolution mechanism of the bearing performance of the multi-bell-shaped expanded anchor under different cyclic amplitudes,cyclic times and cyclic frequencies. Finally,the image particle velocity method (PIV) was used to analyze the deformation mechanism of the surrounding soil,and the variation characteristics of the surrounding soil displacement under single pulling-out and cyclic loading were obtained. The test results show that the axial load-displacement curve of the bell-shaped expansion anchor can be roughly divided into three stages: elasticity,vibration and failure. With the increase of buried depth,the ultimate bearing capacity and soil displacement of the anchor increase. Under the action of cyclic loadings,the increase of the cyclic load ratio,the number of cycles and the cycle frequency will weaken the bearing capacity of the anchors.

, correspAuthors=Shasha XIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chen CHEN, Jie YU, Zhe LIU, Shasha XIE, Chengcheng YI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149743110068027471, articleId=1149743084948340996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=循环荷载作用下抗浮多铃型扩体锚杆拔出模型试验, columnId=1149733269727526997, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全工程技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究地下水位变动导致锚杆抗拔性能劣化的原因,提高扩体锚杆在抗浮过程中的锚固性能,首先,通过单次拉拔试验,得出不同埋深情况下多铃型扩体锚杆拔出过程中承载性能的变化情况;然后,根据单次拉拔试验得出的抗拔极限承载力进行循环试验,在不同循环荷载比、循环次数和循环频率下,探索多铃型扩体锚杆承载性能演化机制;最后,利用图像粒子测速法(PIV)分析周围土体变形机制,得出单次拉拔及循环荷载作用下周围土体位移的变化特性。结果表明:铃型扩体锚杆拔出过程中轴力-位移曲线大致分为弹性、震荡和破坏3个阶段,且随着埋深增加,锚杆的抗拔极限承载力和土体位移逐步递增;在循环荷载作用下,增加循环荷载比、循环次数以及循环频率均会降低锚杆锚固性能。

, correspAuthors=谢莎莎, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**谢莎莎(1983—),女,湖北武汉人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事施工工艺优化研究。E-mail:
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陈 晨 (1984—)男,湖北武汉人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事地面与地下工程、岩土锚固工程方面的研究。E-mail:

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陈 晨 (1984—)男,湖北武汉人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事地面与地下工程、岩土锚固工程方面的研究。E-mail:

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陈 晨 (1984—)男,湖北武汉人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事地面与地下工程、岩土锚固工程方面的研究。E-mail:

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figureFileSmall=sywt7gVtIJhQuvzfKMmEVg==, figureFileBig=t+TuiQJcA5pAuZmB6R8stw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181873915212363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=CN, label=图8, caption=λ=0.8时承载力位移曲线, figureFileSmall=sywt7gVtIJhQuvzfKMmEVg==, figureFileBig=t+TuiQJcA5pAuZmB6R8stw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181873973932620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Comparison of bearing capacity after single pulling-out and different cycles, figureFileSmall=t3F2IJQHa9bDaHrWDGS9jQ==, figureFileBig=UT5Hzh+wHHhI0IwYjG+LdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181874028458573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=CN, label=图9, caption=单次拉拔和不同循环次数后承载力对比, figureFileSmall=t3F2IJQHa9bDaHrWDGS9jQ==, figureFileBig=UT5Hzh+wHHhI0IwYjG+LdQ==, tableContent=null), 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articleId=1149743084948340996, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Soil vertical displacement contours around anchor under different cycle times, figureFileSmall=jnRr0LIOyq83kNo1EGyZsw==, figureFileBig=Xcmex+P3mIGAxSoQO/DDSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181874590495317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同循环次数下锚杆周围土体位移等值线轮廓, figureFileSmall=jnRr0LIOyq83kNo1EGyZsw==, figureFileBig=Xcmex+P3mIGAxSoQO/DDSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181874653409878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Soil vertical displacement contours around anchor under different cyclic frequencies, figureFileSmall=7NhA5MCy8SXmAoG5AFbB9g==, figureFileBig=NI9n7CjcEiq8o0geMsHeVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181874716324439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=CN, label=图14, caption=不同循环频率下锚杆周围土体位移等值线轮廓, figureFileSmall=7NhA5MCy8SXmAoG5AFbB9g==, figureFileBig=NI9n7CjcEiq8o0geMsHeVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168181874783433304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Particle size composition of test sand

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径
d/mm
(-∞,
0.075]
(0.075,
0.25]
(0.25,
0.5]
(0.5,2] (2,5] [5,∞)
占比/
%
0.3 0.3 13.1 77.3 9.0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1168181874842153561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验用砂粒径组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径
d/mm
(-∞,
0.075]
(0.075,
0.25]
(0.25,
0.5]
(0.5,2] (2,5] [5,∞)
占比/
%
0.3 0.3 13.1 77.3 9.0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1168181874905068122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of simulated foundation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/
(g·cm-3)
含水量
ω/%
不均匀系
Cu
相对密度
Dr
黏聚力
c/kPa
内摩擦角
φ/(°)
最大干密度
ρmax/(g·cm-3)
最小干密度
ρmin/(g·cm-3)
1.839 0 2.69 0.76 0 42.3 1.97 1.52
), ArticleFig(id=1168181874980565595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模拟地基的物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/
(g·cm-3)
含水量
ω/%
不均匀系
Cu
相对密度
Dr
黏聚力
c/kPa
内摩擦角
φ/(°)
最大干密度
ρmax/(g·cm-3)
最小干密度
ρmin/(g·cm-3)
1.839 0 2.69 0.76 0 42.3 1.97 1.52
), ArticleFig(id=1168181875043480156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Single pulling-out test group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验
编号
锚固段尺寸/
(mm×mm)
扩体间距
L/mm
段数
n
H/m
J1 (30+80)×80 140 3 1
J2 (30+80)×80 140 3 2
J3 (30+80)×80 140 3 3
J4 (30+80)×80 140 3 2
), ArticleFig(id=1168181875114783325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

单次拉拔试验分组

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验
编号
锚固段尺寸/
(mm×mm)
扩体间距
L/mm
段数
n
H/m
J1 (30+80)×80 140 3 1
J2 (30+80)×80 140 3 2
J3 (30+80)×80 140 3 3
J4 (30+80)×80 140 3 2
), ArticleFig(id=1168181875165114974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Cyclic load test group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 H/m f/Hz M/ λ
FZ1 2 0.01 100 0.2
FZ2 2 0.01 100 0.3
FZ3 2 0.01 100 0.4
FZ4 2 0.01 100 0.5
FZ5 2 0.01 100 0.6
FZ6 2 0.01 100 0.7
CS1 2 0.01 10 0.3
CS2 2 0.01 50
CS3 2 0.01 10 0.5
CS4 2 0.01 50
CS5 2 0.01 10 0.7
CS6 2 0.01 50
PL1 2 0.025 100 0.3
PL2 2 0.050 100
PL3 2 0.025 100 0.5
PL4 2 0.050 100
PL5 2 0.025 100 0.7
PL6 2 0.050 100
), ArticleFig(id=1168181875249001055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

循环荷载试验分组

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 H/m f/Hz M/ λ
FZ1 2 0.01 100 0.2
FZ2 2 0.01 100 0.3
FZ3 2 0.01 100 0.4
FZ4 2 0.01 100 0.5
FZ5 2 0.01 100 0.6
FZ6 2 0.01 100 0.7
CS1 2 0.01 10 0.3
CS2 2 0.01 50
CS3 2 0.01 10 0.5
CS4 2 0.01 50
CS5 2 0.01 10 0.7
CS6 2 0.01 50
PL1 2 0.025 100 0.3
PL2 2 0.050 100
PL3 2 0.025 100 0.5
PL4 2 0.050 100
PL5 2 0.025 100 0.7
PL6 2 0.050 100
), ArticleFig(id=1168181875324498528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Attenuation rate of ultimate uplift bearing capacity after different cyclic load ratios

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验
编号
λ M/次 f/Hz Ft/N S/mm 衰减
率/%
FZ1 0.2 100 0.0.1 4 322.7 2.56 9.1
FZ2 0.3 100 0.0.1 4 249.8 3.80 10.6
FZ3 0.4 100 0.0.1 4 158 6.42 12.6
FZ4 0.5 100 0.0.1 4 149.9 7.74 12.8
FZ5 0.6 100 0.0.1 4 144.5 10.34 12.9
FZ6 0.7 100 0.0.1 3 820.5 20.69 19.7
), ArticleFig(id=1168181875391607393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同循环荷载比循环后抗拔极限承载力衰减率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验
编号
λ M/次 f/Hz Ft/N S/mm 衰减
率/%
FZ1 0.2 100 0.0.1 4 322.7 2.56 9.1
FZ2 0.3 100 0.0.1 4 249.8 3.80 10.6
FZ3 0.4 100 0.0.1 4 158 6.42 12.6
FZ4 0.5 100 0.0.1 4 149.9 7.74 12.8
FZ5 0.6 100 0.0.1 4 144.5 10.34 12.9
FZ6 0.7 100 0.0.1 3 820.5 20.69 19.7
), ArticleFig(id=1168181875458716258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Attenuation rate of ultimate pull-out bearing capacity after different cycles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 λ M/ f/Hz Ft/N S/mm 衰减
率/%
CS1 0.3 10 0.01 4 617.0 3.18 3.0
CS2 50 0.01 4 244.2 3.69 10.8
FZ2 100 0.01 4 249.8 3.80 10.6
CS3 0.5 10 0.01 4 619.7 5.23 2.9
CS4 50 0.01 4 158.9 7.13 12.6
FZ4 100 0.01 4 149.9 7.74 12.8
CS5 0.7 10 0.01 4 621.8 10.06 2.8
CS6 50 0.01 4 079.2 16.25 14.3
FZ6 100 0.01 3 820.5 20.69 19.7
), ArticleFig(id=1168181875521630819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同循环次数后抗拔极限承载力衰减率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 λ M/ f/Hz Ft/N S/mm 衰减
率/%
CS1 0.3 10 0.01 4 617.0 3.18 3.0
CS2 50 0.01 4 244.2 3.69 10.8
FZ2 100 0.01 4 249.8 3.80 10.6
CS3 0.5 10 0.01 4 619.7 5.23 2.9
CS4 50 0.01 4 158.9 7.13 12.6
FZ4 100 0.01 4 149.9 7.74 12.8
CS5 0.7 10 0.01 4 621.8 10.06 2.8
CS6 50 0.01 4 079.2 16.25 14.3
FZ6 100 0.01 3 820.5 20.69 19.7
), ArticleFig(id=1168181875584545380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Attenuation rate of ultimate pull-out bearing capacity after different cyclic frequencies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 λ N/次 f/Hz Ft/N S/mm 衰减率/%
FZ2 0.3 100 0.01 4 249.8 3.80 10.6
PL1 100 0.025 4 261.5 2.93 10.4
PL2 100 0.05 4 280 2.82 10
FZ4 0.5 100 0.01 4 149.9 7.74 12.8
PL3 100 0.025 4 161.7 4.63 12.5
PL4 100 0.05 4 182.8 4.49 12.1
FZ6 0.7 100 0.01 3 820.5 20.69 19.7
PL5 100 0.025 3 825.8 10.92 19.6
PL6 100 0.05 3 832.5 7.80 19.4
), ArticleFig(id=1168181875672625765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743084948340996, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同循环频率后抗拔极限承载力衰减率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号 λ N/次 f/Hz Ft/N S/mm 衰减率/%
FZ2 0.3 100 0.01 4 249.8 3.80 10.6
PL1 100 0.025 4 261.5 2.93 10.4
PL2 100 0.05 4 280 2.82 10
FZ4 0.5 100 0.01 4 149.9 7.74 12.8
PL3 100 0.025 4 161.7 4.63 12.5
PL4 100 0.05 4 182.8 4.49 12.1
FZ6 0.7 100 0.01 3 820.5 20.69 19.7
PL5 100 0.025 3 825.8 10.92 19.6
PL6 100 0.05 3 832.5 7.80 19.4
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循环荷载作用下抗浮多铃型扩体锚杆拔出模型试验
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陈晨 1 , 余捷 1 , 刘哲 1 , 谢莎莎 1, ** , 易程程 2
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(6): 109-118
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(6): 109-118
循环荷载作用下抗浮多铃型扩体锚杆拔出模型试验
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陈晨1 , 余捷1, 刘哲1, 谢莎莎1, ** , 易程程2
作者信息
  • 1 武汉工程大学 土木工程与建筑学院,湖北 武汉 430070
  • 2 武汉天创建设集团有限公司,湖北 武汉 430050
  • 陈 晨 (1984—)男,湖北武汉人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事地面与地下工程、岩土锚固工程方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

**谢莎莎(1983—),女,湖北武汉人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事施工工艺优化研究。E-mail:
Pull-out model test of anti-floating multi-bell-shaped anchor under cyclic loading
Chen CHEN1 , Jie YU1, Zhe LIU1, Shasha XIE1, ** , Chengcheng YI2
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Wuhan University of Engineering,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China
  • 2 Wuhan Tianchuang Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan Hubei 430050,China
出版时间: 2024-06-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.0081
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为研究地下水位变动导致锚杆抗拔性能劣化的原因,提高扩体锚杆在抗浮过程中的锚固性能,首先,通过单次拉拔试验,得出不同埋深情况下多铃型扩体锚杆拔出过程中承载性能的变化情况;然后,根据单次拉拔试验得出的抗拔极限承载力进行循环试验,在不同循环荷载比、循环次数和循环频率下,探索多铃型扩体锚杆承载性能演化机制;最后,利用图像粒子测速法(PIV)分析周围土体变形机制,得出单次拉拔及循环荷载作用下周围土体位移的变化特性。结果表明:铃型扩体锚杆拔出过程中轴力-位移曲线大致分为弹性、震荡和破坏3个阶段,且随着埋深增加,锚杆的抗拔极限承载力和土体位移逐步递增;在循环荷载作用下,增加循环荷载比、循环次数以及循环频率均会降低锚杆锚固性能。

循环荷载  /  抗浮  /  多铃型扩体锚杆  /  锚杆拨出  /  承载力  /  土体位移

In order to study the reasons for the deterioration of the anchor performance caused by groundwater variation,a series of physical model tests were employed to explore the anchorage enhancement of the expanded anchor in the anti-floating process. Firstly,a single pull-out test was carried out through the indoor model test,and the change of bearing capacity of multi-bell-shaped expanded anchor under different buried depths during the pull-out process was obtained. Secondly,according to the ultimate uplift bearing capacity obtained from the single pull-out test,the cyclic test was carried out to explore the evolution mechanism of the bearing performance of the multi-bell-shaped expanded anchor under different cyclic amplitudes,cyclic times and cyclic frequencies. Finally,the image particle velocity method (PIV) was used to analyze the deformation mechanism of the surrounding soil,and the variation characteristics of the surrounding soil displacement under single pulling-out and cyclic loading were obtained. The test results show that the axial load-displacement curve of the bell-shaped expansion anchor can be roughly divided into three stages: elasticity,vibration and failure. With the increase of buried depth,the ultimate bearing capacity and soil displacement of the anchor increase. Under the action of cyclic loadings,the increase of the cyclic load ratio,the number of cycles and the cycle frequency will weaken the bearing capacity of the anchors.

cyclic load  /  anti-floating  /  multi-bell-shaped expanded anchor  /  anchor pull-out  /  bearing capacity  /  soil displacement
陈晨, 余捷, 刘哲, 谢莎莎, 易程程. 循环荷载作用下抗浮多铃型扩体锚杆拔出模型试验. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (6) : 109 -118 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.0081
Chen CHEN, Jie YU, Zhe LIU, Shasha XIE, Chengcheng YI. Pull-out model test of anti-floating multi-bell-shaped anchor under cyclic loading[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (6) : 109 -118 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.0081
随着对地下空间的利用和超高层建筑的增加,基坑的抗浮问题越发明显。特别是地处长三角城市群的地区雨水充沛、湖泊众多、地下水丰富,使得建筑工程的抗浮问题更为突出,亟待解决[1]
锚杆自投入使用以来解决了许多工程实际问题,目前国内外学者对其开展了大量研究。如FUJITA等[2]分析30例现场试验,提出临界锚固长度这一概念,并得出最优长度。普通锚杆锚固机制的研究包括现场拉拔试验、室内模型试验以及数值模拟试验[3]。随着研究的深入,许多学者发现普通锚杆存在一定局限性[4]。例如:在土质较软、地下水丰富的工况下,通过扩大直径和加长锚固段的手段也难以有效提高锚杆抗拔力。而抗浮扩体锚杆相对于普通抗浮锚杆具有耐腐蚀性强、经济环保、更广泛的地层适应性等优点,因此,在地下抗浮工程中得到了广泛的应用。学者们也在探索各种类型的扩体锚杆,如伞锚、充气锚杆、承压型囊式扩体锚杆等。夏元友等[5]曾针对异形锚杆开展过锚固机制的相关研究,通过对4种不同类型的锚杆进行拔出试验,得出异形锚杆更能有效提高锚杆极限承载力,为后续研究打下基础。在实际工程中锚固结构除受上部结构的恒定荷载影响外,还可能受风、浪、交通等循环荷载[6]作用。陈秋南等[7]研究了充气锚杆在循环荷载作用下的拉拔试验,并将充气锚杆拉拔过程分为弹性位移、弹塑性位移以及塑性位移3个阶段,结果显示,在循环荷载下,循环荷载峰值增加导致位移速度增加,其极限抗拔承载力也随着循环次数的增加而不断减小。由于实际工程中很难观测到土体内部状况,因此,在室内试验时会借助图像粒子测速技术(Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV)[8]研究土体内部位移。杨晓峰等[9]利用PIV技术在砂土中对单桩进行水平加载模型试验,得到桩侧土体位移与应变之间的关系。综上所述,现有文献更多是聚焦于单扩体锚杆,对循环荷载作用下的多扩体锚杆研究偏少。
鉴于此,笔者拟以多铃型扩体锚杆为例[10],在砂土中开展拔出试验,研究抗浮锚杆在循环荷载作用下的锚固机制,分析不同阶段循环荷载作用下锚杆受力演化机制和破坏模式,结合PIV技术,研究循环作用下锚杆拔出时,周围土体的位移场变化特征,明确循环荷载作用下抗浮锚杆受地下水位影响机制,探索循环荷载作用下扩体抗浮锚杆的性能演化特性,以期为相关工程实践提供参考。
采用不同级配石英砂模拟试验用土,结合文献[11],在级配不同粒径石英砂后,可较好模拟此次试验岩土体材料,具体颗粒组成与粒径级配曲线见表1图1。可以看出,试验用土主要粒径为0.5~2.0 mm的中粗砂。级配后试验用砂土通过相关试验测得其物理力学参数见表2
采用可视化三向加载拉拔试验箱进行试验如图2所示。将相机和补光灯放置在透明亚克力板前,以便于可视化观测试验过程。填料区长宽高为800 mm×800 mm×1200 mm,在模型箱底部铺设400 mm的砂土充当垫层,锚杆采用预埋式,垫层设置好后放置锚杆,确保锚杆紧贴透明亚克力板,让锚杆底端与垫层充分接触,再以每层高50 mm进行分层填筑,直到预设埋深。利用上部千斤顶加压达到等效埋深,根据计算,每加压18 kPa相当于埋深1 m。相机拍摄间隔为2张/s,最后利用PIV处理试验数据。
锚杆采用混凝土和钢筋制作而成,锚筋采用直径17 mm的螺纹钢筋,锚固段则使用自制模具如图3所示,综合考虑到模型试验箱尺寸以及边界效应影响[12],确定模型的几何相似比为1∶10。锚杆模型扩体锚固段采用水泥砂浆制作(水泥∶砂∶水=1∶1∶0.4),最大程度模拟真实工程环境下的锚杆材料。多铃型锚杆成品与结构尺寸,如图4所示。
试验的加载方式主要分为单次拉拔和循环荷载2种,主要考虑埋深、循环荷载比、循环频率和循环次数4个影响因素。在3个埋深(H=1、2、3 m)下,对直径为80 mm的锚杆拉至100 mm,并采用位移控制的单调加载方式,其加载速率为0.1 mm/s。选取合适的埋深,确定锚杆的单次拉拔极限承载力Ft,以正弦波的形式进行循环加载,取值参照文献[13],其中,起始荷载为最大试验荷载的0.1倍,循环荷载峰值与Ft的比值为λ。对锚杆开展6种不同循环荷载比(λ=0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7)的循环试验,并选取合适的循环荷载比进行3种不同循环次数(M=10、50、100次)以及3种不同循环频率(f=0.01、0.025、0.05 Hz)的拉拔试验。单次拉拔试验方案和循环荷载试验方案见表3表4
除了J2组,额外安排1组试验参数一致的全模型锚杆(即J4组),并将其放置于模型箱中部以外,其余每组试验均为半模型试验。
首先需要验证确定半模型试验的精度,将其与全模型试验结果作对比验证。比对试验编号为J2的2组试验,多铃型扩体锚杆全模型与半模型的承载力位移曲线对比结果如图5所示。从图5看出,2根锚杆在埋深2 m的情况下,达到Ft的位移均为17 mm,二者的Ft分别为9 496.1和4 757.4 N,相差接近2倍,误差为-0.19%。
分析3种埋深下的锚杆拉拔曲线,绘制锚杆承载力位移曲线,如图6所示。根据曲线锚杆拉拔过程可以分为3个阶段:①弹性阶段,多铃型扩体锚杆曲线前期接近线性增长,线性阶段埋深越大斜率越大;②震荡阶段,随着位移的上升,多铃型扩体锚杆到达抗拔极限承载力后其承载力增长进一步变缓,并出现震荡的现象。这是由于向上拉拔时锚固段下方形成空腔,导致周围土体流入空腔内,造成土体密实度降低拉力减小,从而出现震荡现象。③破坏阶段,多铃型扩体锚杆随着位移的增大,导致承载力迅速降低至破坏。
当埋深为1、2和3 m的情况下,锚杆的Ft分别为4 357.8、4 757.4和5 823.9 N,位移S分别对应为13.9、17.1和17.7 mm。锚杆埋深从1 m增加到2 m,Ft增加了399.6 N;从2 m增加到3 m,增加1 066.1 N。可见在浅埋状态下,埋深的增加与Ft的增加不成线性,从而得出增加埋深可有效提高抗拔极限承载力。
在埋深2 m下,锚杆经历不同循环荷载比(λ=0.2~0.7)的循环荷载作用后,单次拉拔和不同循环荷载比循环后承载力对比图,如图7所示,当λ= 0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7时,循环作用后抗拔极限承载力F分别为4 322.7、4 249.8、4 158、4 149.9、 4 144.5、3 820.5 N,而单次拉拔锚杆Ft为4757.4 N,由此得出不同循环荷载比下锚杆F衰减率,见表5
图7可知:锚杆循环荷载作用后的抗拔力—位移曲线与单次拉拔的位移曲线一致,分为弹性阶段、震荡阶段和破坏阶段。弹性阶段,锚杆在此阶段呈抛物线式增长,达到Ft后,锚杆抗拔承载力增长变缓出现震荡阶段,最后承载力迅速下降,这是由于土体的破坏或者锚杆与周围土体产生相互滑动所致。当循环荷载比λ=0.7时,弹性阶段持续时间很短,说明在该循环荷载比下,锚杆周围土体产生较大破裂面,土体之间形成滑动,进而造成锚杆会迅速拉至Ft,故此时锚杆锚固作用失效;当循环荷载比为λ=0.8时,循环荷载的峰值为3 805.9 N,在锚杆循环拉拔荷载15个周期内发生拔出破坏,如图8所示。
结合图8表5可知:当循环荷载比λ=0.2和0.3时,衰减率处于10%以下;当循环荷载比λ=0.4、0.5、0.6时,衰减率处于13%左右;当循环荷载比λ=0.7时,衰减率较大,处于20%左右。循环荷载作用后锚杆Ft会有所降低,其中,荷载比λ与锚杆抗拔极限承载力有直接关系。随着循环荷载比λ增加,锚杆Ft逐渐衰减最大可达20%。循环拉拔作用的荷载值不能超过Ft的70%,否则锚杆会直接拔出。
循环荷载比显著影响锚杆循环荷载后竖向位移,从表5看出,随着循环荷载比增大,循环结束后锚杆的竖向位移也逐渐增加,特别当λ=0.7时,循环结束后锚杆上移20 mm,相较于λ=0.6时提高1倍,其原因是随着循环荷载比增大,循环过程中锚杆与周围土体逐渐产生破裂面,导致循环后锚杆上拔位移较大。
选取FZ2、FZ4、FZ6、CS1、CS2、CS3、CS4、CS5、CS6等9组试验对比循环次数影响锚杆抗拔极限承载力的程度,并与试验组J2对比,对比的荷载-位移曲线如图9所示。不同循环次数下锚杆Ft的衰减率,见表6
表6可知:循环荷载比相同的情况下,锚杆Ft的衰减率总体随着循环次数的增加而增加,最高可接近20%,但循环在前50次较为明显。由于荷载比为0.7时,锚杆周围土体部分区域会形成破裂面,不再满足此情形。抗拔锚杆循环后位移与循环次数也有一定关系,循环次数越多,循环后锚杆向上位移越大;当荷载比增大,循环次数对锚杆竖向位移影响也越明显。锚杆周围土体密实度在循环初期随着循环次数的增加而增大,对周围土体的的影响范围也逐渐扩大,而锚杆在循环过程受到的承载力越大,竖向位移也会出现明显增大的趋势。在λ=0.7时,锚杆周围土体存在部分破裂面,进而造成在循环50次后,其位移增长过大,导致锚固作用失效。
图9可知:当λ=0.3、0.5、0.7时,弹性阶段随着循环次数增加,斜率越小,表明循环次数越大对周围土体扰动越大,导致锚杆“肩部”开始产生塑性变形,造成锚杆Ft降低。在震荡阶段,循环载荷比会影响曲线的形态,当荷载比较小时,曲线都更接近于抛物线形态,如图9a所示;当荷载比增大时,曲线逐渐接近于水平发展,如图9c所示。同时荷载比也会加剧循环次数对锚杆承载力的影响。
埋深2 m时,不同循环频率(f=0.01、0.025、0.05 Hz)循环后锚杆承载力位移曲线与单次拉拔的对比图如图10所示。不同循环频率下锚杆Ft衰减情况见表7
图10可知:在同一循环荷载比的情况下,随着循环频率的增加,锚杆的F缓慢增加。在弹性阶段,随着循环频率的加快,斜率变大,是由于加快循环频率会加密锚杆“肩部”周围土体,进而造成抗拔承载力增大。
表7看出,锚杆循环后位移与循环频率也有一定关系,循环频率越高,循环后锚杆拉拔时的竖向位移越小,且荷载比越大,循环频率对锚杆竖向位移影响也越明显,其原因是随着循环频率的加快,锚杆“肩部”周围土体加密,减小了土体变形,而耦合加大循环荷载比和循环频率影响着锚杆锚固效果。
研究不同埋深下多铃型扩体锚杆周围土体变形情况,锚杆承载力达到F时对应位移为特征点,通过PIV技术得到从开始拉拔到特征点时的锚杆周围土体位移场,埋深为1、2、3 mm时,锚杆周围土体位移等值线轮廓如图11所示。将竖直方向位移等值线为-0.1的线确定为锚杆拔出的竖向扰动范围界限。“-”号表示土体位移方向为上。
图11可知:埋深从1 m增加到2 m时,锚杆周围土体影响范围从350 mm增加到380 mm以上,而当埋深从2 m增加到3 m时,影响范围出现收缩,从超过380 mm降低到370 mm,这种影响范围先增大后减小的情况与部分学者的研究类似[414-15],其原因是试验中采用的加压板前方中间存在开口,缺失部分上部荷载,导致锚固段“肩部”效果降低,进而影响影响范围降低。
选取试验FZ2、FZ4、FZ6,研究不同循环荷载比循环后拉拔对周围土体的影响情况。由于循环作用图片在拍摄是噪点较多,难以形成位移为0.1的等值线,所以在循环作用下选取以竖直方向位移等值线为-0.3的线,作为锚杆的竖向拔出扰动界限。图12λ=0.3、0.5、0.7时,锚杆周围土体位移等值线轮廓。由12图可知:循环荷载比λ=0.3时,锚杆周围土体影响范围为270 mm,相较于单次拉拔时对周围土体扰动影响范围扩大;循环荷载比λ=0.5时,锚杆周围土体影响范围为300 mm,位移等值线影响范围有所扩大;循环荷载比λ=0.7时,锚杆周围土体影响范围为110 mm,位移等值线影响范围减小。由此得出扰动部分主要集中在扩体“肩部”周围。由图12看出,当循环荷载比λ≤0.5时,锚杆周围土体的位移不会因为荷载比的大小影响竖向位移范围。而通过上文分析可知,当循环荷载比λ≥0.7时,锚杆出现拔出破坏。由图12c看出,当锚杆竖向位移影响范围减小,使得部分土体远端出现向下位移,说明锚杆周围部分土体破裂面已逐渐形成,从而导致破裂面两侧土体发生了错动,这与部分学者的研究类似[14-15]
选取试验CS3、CS4、FZ4,研究不同循环次数循环后拉拔对周围土体的影响情况。λ=0.5时循环次数为10、50、100次下锚杆周围土体位移等值线轮廓如图13所示。由图13可知:选取以竖直方向位移等值线为-0.3的线,作为扰动界限。当循环次数从10增加到50再到100次时,影响范围分别为180、260、300 mm,整体影响范围呈增加趋势,其原因是锚杆周围土体随着循环次数的增加受到的扰动变大,逐渐向锚杆径向扩散,从而导致土体受到扰动后自身抗剪能力下降,锚杆F也随循环次数的增加而降低。
选取试验FZ4、PL3、PL4,研究不同循环次数频率后拉拔对周围土体的影响情况。λ=0.5时,循环频率为0.01、0.025、0.05 Hz下锚杆周围土体位移等值线轮廓如图14所示。由图14可知:当循环频率为0.01 Hz时,锚杆对周围土体影响范围为300 mm,锚杆顶端比底端影响范围大;当循环频率为0.025 Hz时,锚杆对周围土体影响范围为220 mm,整体呈缩小趋势;当循环频率为0.05 Hz时,锚杆对周围土体影响范围为200 mm。随着循环频率的加快,锚杆影响范围逐渐减小。由图14看出,频率增加使得等值位移线在扩体表面的线型会更加外扩,类似“灯笼”,频率增加会使“肩部”效应更加明显,原因是由于循环频率的加快,锚杆“肩部”附近土体被振捣更加密实,故导致拉拔时锚杆对周围土体影响范围减小,锚杆F也随之增加。
1) 深埋情况下,多铃型扩体锚杆与其他扩体锚杆在拔出过程中承载力位移曲线区别明显,大致分为3个阶段:弹性阶段、震荡阶段和破坏阶段。
2) 循环荷载比对锚杆抗拔极限承载力影响较大,其衰减最大可达20%;当循环荷载比≥0.7时,锚杆周围部分土体破裂面逐渐形成。
3) 循环荷载的次数和频率均会降低锚杆循环荷载后的锚杆抗拔极限承载力。循环次数增加会使锚杆抗拔极限承载力进一步降低,而循环频率加快会使锚杆F在一定程度上小幅增加。
4) 循环作用的荷载比和循环次数增大均会增加锚杆在循环加载后的竖向位移,其中循环荷载比的影响最为显著,最大可达20 mm,而循环频率的加快会降低锚杆在循环荷载后的竖向位移。
5) 分析锚杆拉拔-位移曲线和竖向位移场的结果,在试验模拟砂土中,考虑锚杆竖向位移的安全范围(≤10 mm),结果得出抗浮多扩体锚杆在循环荷载作用下仅能提供极限承载力设计值的60%,所以在设计时为保证构筑物安全,应留有足够富余。建议将抗浮多扩体锚杆设计安全系数设为≥1.7较为合理。其他岩土条件下的抗浮锚杆演化机制还需在日后工作中进一步探索。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(52174085)
  • 教育部磷资源开发利用工程中心、湖北省中低品位磷矿开发利用协同创新中心创新基金资助(LCX2021009)
  • 武汉工程大学研究生创新基金资助(CX2022167)
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2024年第34卷第6期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.0081
  • 接收时间:2023-12-17
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-17
  • 修回日期:2024-03-19
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(52174085)
教育部磷资源开发利用工程中心、湖北省中低品位磷矿开发利用协同创新中心创新基金资助(LCX2021009)
武汉工程大学研究生创新基金资助(CX2022167)
作者信息
    1 武汉工程大学 土木工程与建筑学院,湖北 武汉 430070
    2 武汉天创建设集团有限公司,湖北 武汉 430050

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**谢莎莎(1983—),女,湖北武汉人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事施工工艺优化研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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