Article(id=1149743083782320476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149743083069288795, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)06-0039-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1742, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702051200000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-09, revisedDate=1710172800000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049712367, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1719504000000, pubDateStr=2024-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049712367, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049712367, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049712367, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149743083069288795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752049712197, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756468919644, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1168278582599098697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149743083069288795, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1168278582599098698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149743083069288795, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=39, endPage=47, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149743084117864798, articleId=1149743083782320476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Research on influence of emotion on miners' safety behaviour competence, columnId=1149733271128420907, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety social science and safety management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to reduce the occurrence of safety accidents in coal mine production,from the perspective of emotion control,based on Valence-Arousal (V-A) emotional model,combined with emotional arousal methods and physiological measurement techniques,a cognitive experiment of miners' safety behavioral competence was conducted. Attention and decision-making time under different emotional states were measured. The regression analysis was used to investigate the continuous effects of degree-of-arousal on attention and risk preference under different emotional valence. The results show that in low degree-of-arousal and positive emotions,decreasing degree-of-arousal leads to weaker attention and more risk aversion in decision making in miners. In the high degree-of-arousal and positive emotions,with the increase of degree-of-arousal,the level of attention and risk aversion of miners in decision-making first increases and then decreases,until it is lower than neutral emotions. In low degree-of-arousal and negative emotions,decreasing degree-of-arousal would make miners pay less attention and have lower risk aversion in decision-making. In the high degree-of-arousal and negative emotions,an increase in degree-of-arousal increases and then decreases the attention and risk aversion in decision making,even until they are lower than the level of neutral emotions. By contrast,in the high degree-of-arousal range,increasing degree-of-arousal in positive emotion is more likely to reduce miners' safety behavioral competence to lower than the level of neutral emotional.

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为减少煤矿生产中安全事故的发生,从情绪控制角度,基于效价-唤醒度(V-A)情绪模型,并结合情绪唤醒方法和生理测量技术,开展矿工安全行为能力认知试验;然后通过测量不同情绪唤醒下的注意力和决策时间,采用回归分析法,探究不同情绪效价下唤醒度对矿工安全行为能力的影响。结果表明:低唤醒度正性情绪中,唤醒度的降低会使矿工注意力减弱、决策时更厌恶风险;在正性情绪的高唤醒度区间,随着唤醒度的提高,矿工注意力和决策厌恶风险程度先增加后减少,直到低于中性情绪;低唤醒度负性情绪中,唤醒度降低会使矿工注意力和风险厌恶程度都降低,在负性情绪的高唤醒度区间,唤醒度的提高同样使注意力和决策的风险厌恶程度先增加后减少,甚至直到低于中性情绪;相较之下,在情绪的高唤醒度区间,正性情绪唤醒度的提高更容易使矿工安全行为能力降低到中性情绪水平以下。

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张 钎 (1998—),男,湖北恩施人,硕士研究生,研究方向为行为安全管理。E-mail:

栗继祖 教授

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Shapiro-Wilk normal distribution test

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安全行为能力变化率 显著性
正性情绪唤醒正确次数变化率 0.150
正性情绪唤醒平均决策时间变化率 0.234
负性情绪唤醒正确次数变化率 0.000
负性情绪唤醒平均决策时间变化率 0.000
), ArticleFig(id=1168181690309554898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

S-W正态分布检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
安全行为能力变化率 显著性
正性情绪唤醒正确次数变化率 0.150
正性情绪唤醒平均决策时间变化率 0.234
负性情绪唤醒正确次数变化率 0.000
负性情绪唤醒平均决策时间变化率 0.000
), ArticleFig(id=1168181690418606804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Wilcoxon test for two related samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
威尔克森符
号秩检验
正性情绪唤醒正确次
数变化率-负性情绪
唤醒正确次数变化率
正性情绪唤醒平均决
策时间变化率-负性
情绪唤醒平均决策时
间变化率
正态分布近
似值
-0.786 -0.524
渐近显著性
(双尾)
0.432 0.601
), ArticleFig(id=1168181690598961879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2个关联样本威尔克森符号秩检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
威尔克森符
号秩检验
正性情绪唤醒正确次
数变化率-负性情绪
唤醒正确次数变化率
正性情绪唤醒平均决
策时间变化率-负性
情绪唤醒平均决策时
间变化率
正态分布近
似值
-0.786 -0.524
渐近显著性
(双尾)
0.432 0.601
), ArticleFig(id=1168181690699625177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Estimation of changing rate of correct times under positive emotional states

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归类型 解释程度 方差检验 显著性
线性函数 0.007 0.209 0.651
逆函数 0.054 1.729 0.198
二次函数 0.251 4.853 0.015
三次函数 0.272 3.483 0.029
), ArticleFig(id=1168181690787705563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

正性情绪唤醒正确次数变化率曲线估算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归类型 解释程度 方差检验 显著性
线性函数 0.007 0.209 0.651
逆函数 0.054 1.729 0.198
二次函数 0.251 4.853 0.015
三次函数 0.272 3.483 0.029
), ArticleFig(id=1168181690951283419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Quadratic function regression coefficients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归项 未标准化系数 标准化
系数
统计量 显著性
系数 标准错误 系数
EDA变化率 0.047 0.016 0.946 2.924 0.007
EDA变化率2 -0.029 0.009 -0.994 -3.072 0.005
常量 0.003 0.007 0.357 0.724
), ArticleFig(id=1168181691068723933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

二次函数回归系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归项 未标准化系数 标准化
系数
统计量 显著性
系数 标准错误 系数
EDA变化率 0.047 0.016 0.946 2.924 0.007
EDA变化率2 -0.029 0.009 -0.994 -3.072 0.005
常量 0.003 0.007 0.357 0.724
), ArticleFig(id=1168181691295216351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Estimation of changing rate of mean reaction time in positive emotions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归类型 解释程度 方差检验 显著性
线性函数 0.004 0.121 0.731
逆函数 0.029 0.884 0.355
二次函数 0.036 0.540 0.589
三次函数 0.285 3.723 0.023
), ArticleFig(id=1168181691504931554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

正性情绪唤醒平均决策时间变化率曲线估算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归类型 解释程度 方差检验 显著性
线性函数 0.004 0.121 0.731
逆函数 0.029 0.884 0.355
二次函数 0.036 0.540 0.589
三次函数 0.285 3.723 0.023
), ArticleFig(id=1168181691567846116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Cubic function regression coefficients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归项 未标准化系数 标准化
系数
统计量 显著性
系数 标准错误 系数
EDA变化率 0.020 0.031 0.212 0.649 0.521
EDA变化率2 0.149 0.057 2.638 2.607 0.014
EDA变化率3 -0.074 0.024 -2.900 -3.125 0.004
常量 0.002 0.017 0.105 0.917
), ArticleFig(id=1168181691622372070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

三次函数回归系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归项 未标准化系数 标准化
系数
统计量 显著性
系数 标准错误 系数
EDA变化率 0.020 0.031 0.212 0.649 0.521
EDA变化率2 0.149 0.057 2.638 2.607 0.014
EDA变化率3 -0.074 0.024 -2.900 -3.125 0.004
常量 0.002 0.017 0.105 0.917
), ArticleFig(id=1168181691685286632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Estimation of changing rate of correct times in negative emotions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归类型 解释程度 方差检验 显著性
线性函数 0.022 0.449 0.511
逆函数 0.053 1.114 0.304
二次函数 0.441 7.484 0.004
三次函数 0.448 4.864 0.012
), ArticleFig(id=1168181691773367018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

负性情绪唤醒正确次数变化率曲线估算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归类型 解释程度 方差检验 显著性
线性函数 0.022 0.449 0.511
逆函数 0.053 1.114 0.304
二次函数 0.441 7.484 0.004
三次函数 0.448 4.864 0.012
), ArticleFig(id=1168181691886613228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Quadratic function regression coefficients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归项 未标准化系数 标准化
系数
统计
显著
系数 标准错误 系数
EDA变化率 0.037 0.010 1.839 3.831 0.001
EDA变化率2 -0.010 0.003 -1.810 -3.771 0.001
常量 0.007 0.007 1.088 0.290
), ArticleFig(id=1168181691949527790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

二次函数回归系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归项 未标准化系数 标准化
系数
统计
显著
系数 标准错误 系数
EDA变化率 0.037 0.010 1.839 3.831 0.001
EDA变化率2 -0.010 0.003 -1.810 -3.771 0.001
常量 0.007 0.007 1.088 0.290
), ArticleFig(id=1168181692008248047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Estimation of changing rate of mean reaction time in negative emotions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归类型 解释程度 方差检验 显著性
线性函数 0.034 1.050 0.314
逆函数 0.000 0.005 0.944
二次函数 0.219 4.076 0.028
三次函数 0.224 2.701 0.065
), ArticleFig(id=1168181692071162608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

负性情绪唤醒平均决策时间变化率曲线估算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归类型 解释程度 方差检验 显著性
线性函数 0.034 1.050 0.314
逆函数 0.000 0.005 0.944
二次函数 0.219 4.076 0.028
三次函数 0.224 2.701 0.065
), ArticleFig(id=1168181692138271474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Quadratic function regression coefficients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归项 未标准化系数 标准化
系数
统计量 显著性
系数 标准错误 系数
EDA变化率 0.112 0.039 1.144 2.855 0.008
EDA变化率2 -0.030 0.012 -1.053 -2.626 0.014
常量 0.019 0.029 0.670 0.508
), ArticleFig(id=1168181692196991732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149743083782320476, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

二次函数回归系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归项 未标准化系数 标准化
系数
统计量 显著性
系数 标准错误 系数
EDA变化率 0.112 0.039 1.144 2.855 0.008
EDA变化率2 -0.030 0.012 -1.053 -2.626 0.014
常量 0.019 0.029 0.670 0.508
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情绪对矿工安全行为能力影响研究
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张钎 1 , 栗继祖 1 , 申敏 2
中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2024,34(6): 39-47
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2024, 34(6): 39-47
情绪对矿工安全行为能力影响研究
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张钎1 , 栗继祖1, 申敏2
作者信息
  • 1 太原理工大学 经济管理学院,山西 太原 030024
  • 2 太原理工大学 安全与应急管理工程学院,山西 太原 030024
  • 张 钎 (1998—),男,湖北恩施人,硕士研究生,研究方向为行为安全管理。E-mail:

    栗继祖 教授

Research on influence of emotion on miners' safety behaviour competence
Qian ZHANG1 , Jizu LI1, Min SHEN2
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Economics and Management,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan Shanxi 030024,China
  • 2 School of Safety and Emergency Management Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan Shanxi 030024,China
出版时间: 2024-06-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1742
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为减少煤矿生产中安全事故的发生,从情绪控制角度,基于效价-唤醒度(V-A)情绪模型,并结合情绪唤醒方法和生理测量技术,开展矿工安全行为能力认知试验;然后通过测量不同情绪唤醒下的注意力和决策时间,采用回归分析法,探究不同情绪效价下唤醒度对矿工安全行为能力的影响。结果表明:低唤醒度正性情绪中,唤醒度的降低会使矿工注意力减弱、决策时更厌恶风险;在正性情绪的高唤醒度区间,随着唤醒度的提高,矿工注意力和决策厌恶风险程度先增加后减少,直到低于中性情绪;低唤醒度负性情绪中,唤醒度降低会使矿工注意力和风险厌恶程度都降低,在负性情绪的高唤醒度区间,唤醒度的提高同样使注意力和决策的风险厌恶程度先增加后减少,甚至直到低于中性情绪;相较之下,在情绪的高唤醒度区间,正性情绪唤醒度的提高更容易使矿工安全行为能力降低到中性情绪水平以下。

情绪模型  /  安全行为能力  /  皮肤电活动(EDA)  /  注意力  /  风险偏好  /  生理测量

In order to reduce the occurrence of safety accidents in coal mine production,from the perspective of emotion control,based on Valence-Arousal (V-A) emotional model,combined with emotional arousal methods and physiological measurement techniques,a cognitive experiment of miners' safety behavioral competence was conducted. Attention and decision-making time under different emotional states were measured. The regression analysis was used to investigate the continuous effects of degree-of-arousal on attention and risk preference under different emotional valence. The results show that in low degree-of-arousal and positive emotions,decreasing degree-of-arousal leads to weaker attention and more risk aversion in decision making in miners. In the high degree-of-arousal and positive emotions,with the increase of degree-of-arousal,the level of attention and risk aversion of miners in decision-making first increases and then decreases,until it is lower than neutral emotions. In low degree-of-arousal and negative emotions,decreasing degree-of-arousal would make miners pay less attention and have lower risk aversion in decision-making. In the high degree-of-arousal and negative emotions,an increase in degree-of-arousal increases and then decreases the attention and risk aversion in decision making,even until they are lower than the level of neutral emotions. By contrast,in the high degree-of-arousal range,increasing degree-of-arousal in positive emotion is more likely to reduce miners' safety behavioral competence to lower than the level of neutral emotional.

emotional model  /  safety behavior competence  /  electrodermal activity (EDA)  /  attention  /  risk preference  /  physiological measures
张钎, 栗继祖, 申敏. 情绪对矿工安全行为能力影响研究. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (6) : 39 -47 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1742
Qian ZHANG, Jizu LI, Min SHEN. Research on influence of emotion on miners' safety behaviour competence[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (6) : 39 -47 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1742
2022年我国共发生煤矿事故168起,造成245人死亡[1]。煤矿事故的发生不仅严重威胁一线矿工的生命安全,还给煤矿企业造成巨大的经济损失。研究表明:矿工的不安全行为是导致煤矿事故发生的直接原因[2],而个体安全行为能力不足是导致矿工不安全行为发生的主要原因之一[3]。个性心理能够影响个体安全行为水平[4],而情绪作为最易捕捉到的个性心理因素,能够影响矿工的认知和生理反应,进而影响矿工的安全行为能力[5]。因此,研究情绪对矿工安全行为能力的影响,有助于识别不良情绪,并进行监测和干预,从而减少矿工因不良情绪造成的安全事故。
众多学者研究了情绪对安全行为能力的影响机制,例如:部分学者基于一维情绪模型,研究了效价对风险感知和分析决策能力的影响,其中,胡飞翔等[6]研究发现,负性情绪不利于早期的风险信息感知;而BHANDARI等[7]则认为,负性情绪能够增强建筑工人对危险的感知;张舒等[8]通过开展脑电试验发现,负性情绪下个体更容易冲动决策。另一方面,YANG Qiwei等[9]等提出,负性情绪下个体有较低的风险倾向。而二维效价-唤醒度(Valence-Arousal,V-A)情绪模型可以更准确地量化和概念化情绪[10],且在跨样本、跨测量工具研究中表现出更高的一致性[11],所以有必要基于二维V-A模型研究情绪对安全行为能力的影响,且研究结果可以解释基于一维情绪模型的争议之处。同时考虑效价和唤醒度的研究中,WANG Jiaming等[12]发现,效价和唤醒度显著正向影响安全注意力;黄嘉健等[13]设计了赌博游戏,试验研究了情绪对决策的影响,结果表明:诱发低唤醒积极情绪的被试更倾向于冒险行为,高唤醒消极情绪下,被试更倾向于作出风险回避行为;SOHN等[14]发现,无论正性还是负性情绪,高唤醒度增加了冲动决策行为的可能。
综上,现有基于二维V-A模型的情绪对安全行为能力影响研究缺乏有效、连续的唤醒度量化方法,高唤醒度和低唤醒度也只是相比较而言,相同效价下,不同唤醒度对安全行为能力的连续性影响详情仍不得而知;而且有关安全行为能力的研究大多基于传统建筑工地、矿井,对智能化背景下的安全行为能力研究较少[15]。鉴于此,笔者将通过试验模拟智能化矿井中自动化设备的操作,并使用生理测量技术量化情绪唤醒度,研究不同情绪效价下唤醒度的连续变化对安全行为能力的影响,以期通过情绪监测及管理减少煤矿生产中安全事故的发生。
情绪分为效价和唤醒度2个维度;效价维度水平绘制,可把情绪分为正性情绪和负性情绪;唤醒度维度垂直绘制,范围从零唤醒到高度唤醒,效价维度和唤醒度维度的交点是中性情绪。V-A情绪模型如图1所示。
文中选用日内瓦情绪图片库中的90张图片作为情绪唤醒材料[16],其中中性、正性和负性情绪图片各30张,并分别将90张图片剪辑成每张图片显示4 s的情绪唤醒视频材料,每种情绪唤醒视频时长为2min。情绪唤醒完成后,使用文献[17]修订过的正性情绪负性情绪量表(Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale,PANAS)测量情绪效价,检验情绪唤醒是否成功。该量表包含正、负2个维度,每个维度9个形容词,采用5级记分法。
情绪唤醒度的测量方法有主观调查和客观测量[18]。主观调查主要通过量表测量;客观测量通过生理指标的测量来量化情绪唤醒度,由于客观测量法不必在测量过程中打断被试,测量结果更客观真实且更连续,因此,通过测量生理指标来客观量化情绪唤醒水平是重要的研究方法。研究表明[19]:皮肤电活动(Electrodermal Activity,EDA)是比心率和呼吸频率更灵敏的情绪唤醒度测量指标,所以文中通过测量EDA来客观量化唤醒度。
矿工安全行为能力包括正常生产时保持稳定可靠行为的能力与可能导致事故的恶劣或紧急情况下保持冷静准确的能力[20]。其中注意力影响矿工的风险感知能力,注意力或持续注意力的下降容易使调度监控室的视觉显示终端操作员在监控和操作过程中不可避免地出现疏忽或错误[21];风险偏好在分析决策过程中显著影响矿工的不安全行为意向[22],风险喜好个体比风险厌恶个体更容易发生不安全行为,且风险偏好能通过影响态度[23]和风险感知[24]间接影响矿工不安全行为。
招募32名具有煤矿参观或实习经历的学生作为被试(年龄18~27岁,其中男性22名,女性10名,平均年龄M=22.94,标准差SD=1.93),这32名被试视力或矫正视力正常,无精神性疾病史,试验前一天无剧烈运动、饮酒、熬夜,保证试验过程中被试的精神和身体状态良好。
试验所需的主要设备包括1台情绪唤醒呈现电脑、1台生理指标数据记录电脑、1台安全行为能力测量设备、1套生理指标测试仪器。其中,行为能力测量设备为:多功能神经心理行为功能测试训练仪,生理指标测试仪器为:智能穿戴人因生理记录仪。
1) 多功能神经心理行为功能测试训练仪可以开展鉴别反应测验。鉴别反应测验是根据不同颜色按键的发光情况采取相应的手、脚动作,可以测量被试的正确次数和平均决策时间,平均决策时间是用总时间除以测试次数40。其中同一被试不同试验下正确次数的变化说明了注意力集中程度的变化,平均决策时间的长短说明了被试分析决策时的风险偏好变化,平均决策时间越长,决策越谨慎,对风险越厌恶。多功能神经心理行为功能测试训练仪配备微型打印机,可在每次试验后打印出试验数据。
2) 智能穿戴人因生理记录仪中的手腕传感器可以实时测量被试的EDA,且可在配套软件ErgoLAB3.0上进行数据记录、处理和分析,软件内置针对性的信号处理算法,自动对数据滤波、降噪、插值、动态识别等。
试验采用被试内设计,分别用中性、正性和负性情绪视频刺激被试后诱发中性、正性和负性情绪,由于被试人格特质[25]和经历上的差异,面对情绪刺激时,被试间的情绪唤醒度也会存在差异。所以试验的自变量为正性情绪、负性情绪和情绪唤醒度,因变量为正确次数和平均决策时间。首先对32名被试编号,然后讲解试验目的、过程和设备,并让被试充分熟悉环境和多功能神经心理行为功能测试训练仪的操作,避免由于对设备不熟练影响试验结果。为防止其他被试的干扰和情绪的相互影响,实验室每次仅试验1名被试,待被试对设备操作熟练以后按照试验编号逐一试验,具体流程如图2所示。
1) 首先将智能穿戴生理记录仪手腕传感器正确佩戴至手腕相应部位,然后播放中性情绪视频,并实时记录中性情绪状态下的EDA数据,中性情绪视频和EDA记录时长为2 min。中性情绪唤醒完成后使用行为功能测试仪模拟智能化煤矿远程监控或操作控制台,测试中性情绪状态下矿工操作控制设备时的安全行为能力。安全行为能力通过行为功能测试训练仪的鉴别反应测验来量化:测验一共用到 4个指示灯,分别是红灯、黄灯、绿灯、小黄灯,4个指示灯随机点亮,不同指示灯亮时需要被试作出相应动作,红灯亮时需按动1次左手按键,绿灯亮时按 1次右手按键,黄灯亮时用左脚踏1次左脚脚踏,小黄灯亮时用右脚踏1次右脚脚踏,手脚各测10次,一共测试40次,测试结束后记录正确次数以及平均决策时间。
2) 然后进行正性情绪唤醒下的试验。将智能穿戴人因生理记录仪手腕传感器佩戴完成后播放正性情绪唤醒视频,唤醒被试正性情绪,同时记录正性情绪唤醒过程中EDA指标的变化,正性情绪唤醒和EDA指标记录时长为2min,唤醒完毕后立即使用PANAS量表检测情绪唤醒是否成功,如已成功唤醒,则模拟自动化设备操作并测试安全行为能力。
3) 为避免正性情绪试验唤醒的正性情绪对负性情绪试验造成不良影响,待正性情绪消失后进行负性情绪试验。相关研究表明:正负性情绪唤醒6 min后近乎消失[26],所以正性情绪唤醒试验后被试休息10 min,然后进行负性情绪唤醒试验。穿戴好人因生理记录仪手腕传感器后播放负性情绪唤醒视频,同时记录负性情绪唤醒过程中的EDA指标变化,负性情绪唤醒和EDA指标记录时长为2 min,唤醒完毕后立即使用PANAS量表检测情绪唤醒是否成功,如已成功唤醒,则模拟自动化设备操作并测试安全行为能力。
情绪试验中,PANAS量表的克朗巴赫系数为0.884,具有良好的信度,探索性因子分析中Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO)为0.704,巴特利特球形检验显著性为0.00,具有良好的效度。
统计整理32名被试在3种情绪状态下模拟自动化设备操作时的正确次数和平均决策时间数据,并计算正负性情绪状态下正确次数和平均决策时间的变化率。
在ErgoLAB3.0软件中降噪、平滑处理EDA数据后选择3种情绪状态下的110 s到2min期间共10s时间内EDA数据的平均值分别作为3种情绪状态下的EDA数据,并计算正负性情绪状态下EDA数据的变化率。
为研究情绪效价对安全行为能力的影响,差异性分析不同情绪效价下的正确次数变化率和平均决策时间变化率。先正态分布检验32名被试在正性、负性情绪唤醒下的正确次数变化率、平均决策时间变化率。由于样本量小于50,文中正态检验采用夏皮罗-威尔克(Shapiro-Wilk,S-W)检验。S-W检验结果见表1,由表1可知:正性情绪唤醒下的正确次数变化率和平均决策时间变化率满足正态分布,负性情绪唤醒下的正确次数变化率和平均决策时间变化率不满足正态分布。所以对正、负性情绪唤醒下的正确次数变化率和平均决策时间变化率的差异性分析采用非参数检验。
由于样本数据是定距的连续性数据,所以使用2个关联样本威尔克森符号秩检验[27]差异性分析正、负性情绪唤醒下的正确次数变化率和平均决策时间变化率,见表2。由表2可知:正、负性情绪唤醒下的正确次数变化率和平均决策时间变化率的双尾渐近显著性均大于0.05,说明正、负性情绪唤醒正确次数变化率之间以及正、负性情绪唤醒平均决策时间变化率之间都没有显著差异。但由于试验所用的正负2段情绪唤醒材料在被试间唤醒情绪的唤醒度未知,差异性分析中的情绪效价并非是单一变量,所以认为情绪效价对正确次数变化率以及平均决策时间变化率没有显著影响尚不准确,这里只能认为是文中试验所用的正负2段情绪唤醒材料分别唤醒的情绪对安全行为能力的影响没有显著差异,所以需要综合效价和唤醒度来考虑。
因为EDA和情绪唤醒度变化趋势相同[28],所以文中以EDA变化率来表征情绪唤醒度变化率,以中性情绪EDA值为基准,EDA变化率大于0时被试进入高唤醒度情绪,EDA变化率小于0时,被试进入低唤醒度情绪。
1) 注意力分析。为分析正性情绪不同唤醒度对注意力的影响,将32名被试正性情绪唤醒的EDA变化率作为自变量,正确次数变化率作为因变量绘制散点图,然后使用社会科学统计(Statistical Package for the Social Science,SPSS)软件进行曲线估算。正性情绪唤醒状态下采用4种曲线估算研究正确次数变化率和EDA变化率的关系,曲线估算结果见表3,其中解释程度反映了曲线的拟合程度,解释程度值越大,拟合程度越好,方差检验值和显著性反映了曲线拟合的显著性,方差检验值越大、显著性越小说明拟合效果越显著,综合以上3个数据可知2次回归函数最优。2次回归函数系数见表4,剔除不显著的常数项,所以正性情绪唤醒状态下正确次数变化率对EDA变化率的二次回归函数为:
y 1 = - 0.029 x 1 2 + 0.047 x 1
式中: x 1为正性情绪下EDA变化率; y 1为正性情绪下正确次数变化率。
尽管EDA和唤醒度之间没有明确的变化关系,但因为有相同的变化趋势,所以根据式(1)的趋势走向(图3)可以认为:当被试从中性情绪进入低唤醒度正性情绪时,随着唤醒度的降低,被试注意力也逐渐降低;当被试从中性情绪进入高唤醒度正性情绪时,唤醒度的提高会使注意力先增强后减弱,然后回到中性情绪水平,当唤醒度超过一个阈值后,注意力低于中性情绪水平且随着唤醒度的提高而减弱。
2) 风险偏好分析。同样使用回归分析来探究正性情绪不同唤醒度对风险偏好的影响,以EDA变化率为自变量,平均决策时间变化率为因变量,使用SPSS软件进行了4种曲线估算,曲线估算结果见表5,其中3次回归函数拟合最优。3次回归函数的系数见表6,剔除不显著的常数项和一次项,所以正性情绪唤醒下EDA变化率对平均决策时间变化率的影响函数为:
y 2 = - 0.074 x 2 3 + 0.149 x 2 2
式中: x 2为正性情绪下EDA变化率; y 2为正性情绪下平均决策时间变化率。
根据式(2)的趋势走向(图3),当被试从中性情绪进入低唤醒度正性情绪时,被试的决策时间增加,说明被试做决定时更加谨慎,更厌恶风险;当被试从中性情绪进入高唤醒度正性情绪时,唤醒度的提高使平均决策时间先增加后减少,相应的,被试做决策时的风险厌恶程度也先增加后减少,当唤醒度超过一个阈值后,决策时间低于中性情绪水平,且随着唤醒程度增加逐渐减少,说明这个阶段被试有可能冲动决策,且随着唤醒度增加,风险喜好程度相应增加。
1) 注意力分析。为分析负性情绪不同唤醒度对注意力的影响,将32名被试的负性情绪唤醒EDA变化率作为自变量,正确次数变化率作为因变量绘制散点图。由于在负性情绪唤醒试验中,有10名被试在中性情绪和负性情绪唤醒状态中的正确次数都为40,正确次数变化率也因此为0,这其中部分被试是因为正确次数最高只能为40次,所以这些被试的正确次数变化率不能正确的体现负性情绪EDA变化率对注意力的影响,因此,在回归分析时剔除这10名被试的正确次数变化率数值。使用SPSS软件曲线估算负性情绪EDA变化率和正确次数变化率的关系,估算结果见表7表8,其中,2次回归函数拟合最优,所以负性情绪EDA变化率对注意力的影响曲线为:
y 3 = - 0.010 x 3 2 + 0.037 x 3
式中: x 3为负性情绪下EDA变化率; y 3为负性情绪下正确次数变化率。
式(3)的趋势走向如图3所示。当被试从中性情绪进入低唤醒度负性情绪时,随着唤醒度的降低,被试注意力也逐渐降低;当被试从中性情绪进入高唤醒度负性情绪时,随着唤醒度的提高,注意力先增加后减少,当唤醒度超过一个阈值后,注意力低于中性情绪水平且随着唤醒度的增高而继续降低。
2) 风险偏好分析。以负性情绪EDA变化率为自变量,平均决策时间变化率为因变量,进行的4种曲线估算结果见表9表10,其中,2次回归函数拟合最优,剔除不显著的常数项,所以负性情绪唤醒EDA变化率对平均决策时间变化率的影响函数为:
y 4 = - 0.03 x 4 2 + 0.112 x 4
式中: x 4为负性情绪下EDA变化率; y 4为负性情绪下平均决策时间变化率。
根据式(4)在图3中的趋势走向可知:当被试从中性情绪进入低唤醒度负性情绪时,被试的平均决策时间减少,说明被试风险厌恶程度降低,更容易冲动决策;当被试从中性情绪进入高唤醒度负性情绪时,平均决策时间先增加后减少,说明此时唤醒度的增加使决策时的风险厌恶程度先增加后减少,当唤醒度超过一个阈值后,决策时间低于中性情绪时,且随着唤醒程度增加逐渐减少,说明这个阶段被试有可能冲动决策,且唤醒度增加会相应的增加风险喜好程度。
由以上分析可知:情绪通过影响注意力来影响风险感知能力,通过影响风险偏好来影响分析决策,在图3中比较了不同效价情绪的EDA变化率对正确次数变化率和平均决策时间变化率影响的差异,结果发现:从中性情绪进入低唤醒度正性情绪后平均决策时间会增加,意味着分析决策会更厌恶风险,而进入低唤醒度负性情绪后平均决策时间减少,更容易追求风险,在低唤醒度区间,负性情绪下的注意力水平是高于正性情绪的;进入高唤醒度情绪后,正性情绪EDA增加到2.62倍中性情绪EDA时,注意力就开始低于中性情绪水平,即对风险感知能力带来不良影响,正性情绪EDA增加到3.01倍中性情绪EDA时,风险厌恶程度就开始低于中性情绪,即不利于安全决策,更容易冲动决策;而从中性情绪进入高唤醒度负性情绪后,EDA增加到4.71倍中性情绪EDA左右时,注意力和风险厌恶程度才开始低于中性情绪水平。这说明在低唤醒度情绪中,正性情绪下的注意力水平更低但更厌恶风险;在高唤醒度情绪中,正性情绪唤醒度的增加更容易使注意力和风险厌恶程度降低到中性情绪水平以下,也即更容易使安全行为能力低于中性情绪水平。
1) 矿工安全行为能力随唤醒度的连续变化而变化,正性情绪下的注意力和风险厌恶程度在高唤醒度区间有相同的变化趋势,在低唤醒度区间内的变化趋势和变化程度存在差异,但过高和过低的唤醒度都不利于矿工安全行为能力维持在良好状态。
2) 矿工在负性情绪下的注意力和风险厌恶程度在高唤醒度区间和低唤醒度区间内有相同的变化趋势,但变化程度不同。与正性情绪相比,负性情绪的高唤醒度更不容易使矿工安全行为能力降低,但过高和过低的唤醒度同样不利于矿工维持良好的安全行为能力水平。
3) 煤矿企业应注意营造合适的工作氛围,并有针对性地设计工作场所的装修风格,使矿工的情绪处在适宜的效价和唤醒度,从而对安全行为能力产生正向影响。同时,结合EDA测量和效价的生理测量,监测重点岗位员工的情绪,避免剧烈情绪波动造成安全行为能力剧烈变化,而酿成安全事故。
4) 文中的被试与真实矿工在年龄、文化背景上还存在差异,因此,在未来应着重调查真实矿工情绪对安全行为能力的影响,并在试验中加入对决策错误者的惩罚设计,以符合煤矿生产中错误决策造成严重后果的现实环境。
  • 国家社会科学基金重点项目资助(22AZD107)
  • 山西省高等学校科技创新计划基地项目(晋教科函〔2022〕19号)
  • 山西省科技战略研究专项项目(202204031401055)
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1742
  • 接收时间:2023-12-09
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-06-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-09
  • 修回日期:2024-03-12
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目资助(22AZD107)
山西省高等学校科技创新计划基地项目(晋教科函〔2022〕19号)
山西省科技战略研究专项项目(202204031401055)
作者信息
    1 太原理工大学 经济管理学院,山西 太原 030024
    2 太原理工大学 安全与应急管理工程学院,山西 太原 030024
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1742
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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