Article(id=1149741822626410920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149741815273800564, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)01-0166-05, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.1247, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1686672000000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-14, revisedDate=1694880000000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049411684, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1706371200000, pubDateStr=2024-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049411684, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049411684, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049411684, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149741815273800564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752049409931, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756468937446, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1168278657316430156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149741815273800564, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1168278657316430157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149741815273800564, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=166, endPage=170, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149741822899040684, articleId=1149741822626410920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Quantitative risk analysis on failure of submarine pipeline leakage based on FDHHFLTS-BN, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to prevent the leakage failure of submarine pipelines,a FDHHFLTS-BN risk analysis method based on FDHHFLTS and BN was proposed to study the probability and key factors of the leakage failure of submarine pipelines. BN was transformed from the fault tree model,and then experts evaluated the probability of basic events according to FDHHFLTS. The best-worst method (BWM) was used to determine the weights of experts,and SAM was used to aggregate the opinions of experts. Finally,based on the constructed Bayesian network model,the probability of accident occurrence was obtained through forward reasoning. Also,the posterior probability was obtained through backward reasoning,and sensitivity was analyzed. Applying the method for the example analysis,the results show that the probability value of the leakage accident of the analyzed submarine pipeline is P=6.20×10-3. Through sensitivity analysis,construction defect of weld-seam,construction defect of material,and fishing gear interaction can be identified as the key factors for the accident.

, correspAuthors=Jiu YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Fupeng LIU, Jiu YANG, Shibo WU, Lixin XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149741829949665875, articleId=1149741822626410920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=基于FDHHFLTS-BN的海底管道泄漏失效风险定量分析, columnId=1149733269727526997, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全工程技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为预防海底油气管道泄漏失效事故,提出基于自由双层次犹豫模糊语言术语集(FDHHFLTS)和贝叶斯网络(BN)的FDHHFLTS-BN风险分析方法,用于分析海底油气管道泄漏失效事故概率及事故的关键风险因素。将故障树模型转换为BN结构,由专家根据FDHHFLTS评估基本事件发生可能性;采用最佳最差法(BWM)确定专家权重,结合相似性聚合方法(SAM)聚合专家意见;依据构建的BN模型,正向推理得到事故发生概率,反向推理得到后验概率,并进行敏感性分析。将该方法应用于实例分析,结果表明:分析段海底管道泄漏事故的概率值为P=6.20×10-3;焊缝施工缺陷、材料施工缺陷和渔具作用等为事故发生的关键因素;与传统方法对比分析结果证明,所提方法在确定海底管道风险方面具有一定的优势。

, correspAuthors=杨九, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**杨 九(1996—),女,黑龙江哈尔滨人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为海洋工程风险评估与控制。E-mail:
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刘富鹏 (1988—),男,山东无棣人,博士研究生,高级工程师,主要研究方向为海洋工程建设、风险评估。E-mail:

徐立新,教授

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刘富鹏 (1988—),男,山东无棣人,博士研究生,高级工程师,主要研究方向为海洋工程建设、风险评估。E-mail:

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徐立新,教授

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Applied Ocean Research, 2022, 124:DOI:10.1016/J.APOR.2022.103187., articleTitle=A CRITIC-VIKOR based robust approach to support risk management of subsea pipelines, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1168122800964378753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, awardId=51879189, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助(51879189), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168122797663461445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168122797671850054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, companyId=1168122797663461445, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168122797680238663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, companyId=1168122797663461445, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 天津大学 水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津 300072)]), AuthorCompany(id=1168122797772513352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168122797780901961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, companyId=1168122797772513352, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Offshore Oil Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300451,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168122797835427914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, companyId=1168122797772513352, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 海洋石油工程股份有限公司,天津 300451)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1168122799890636917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Process diagram of FDHHFLTS-BN risk analysis method, figureFileSmall=5W0t7HS6Wv+1t8Ft5UCQCQ==, figureFileBig=2hUJ8EcZXPV0N0CbmK4VxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168122799974522998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, language=CN, label=图1, caption=FDHHFLTS-BN风险分析方法计算流程, figureFileSmall=5W0t7HS6Wv+1t8Ft5UCQCQ==, figureFileBig=2hUJ8EcZXPV0N0CbmK4VxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168122800033243255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=BN of submarine pipeline leakage, figureFileSmall=yM0X2R3U0IQHLrs6Zc1TSw==, figureFileBig=NKvIrPqIWBhcKrnC/M9oaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168122800125517944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, language=CN, label=图2, caption=海底管道泄漏失效BN, figureFileSmall=yM0X2R3U0IQHLrs6Zc1TSw==, figureFileBig=NKvIrPqIWBhcKrnC/M9oaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168122800226181241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Ranking of key factors, figureFileSmall=gjPaT/ZObN9eXiWF0Kt3Gw==, figureFileBig=Qi5ePXrFeb4QSFChCmVqUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168122800289095802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, language=CN, label=图3, caption=关键因素排序, figureFileSmall=gjPaT/ZObN9eXiWF0Kt3Gw==, figureFileBig=Qi5ePXrFeb4QSFChCmVqUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168122800356204667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Description of nodes

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符号 节点事件 符号 节点事件
T 海底管道泄漏失效 X6 坠物撞击
A1 外部因素 X7 锚固
A2 内部因素 X8 渔具作用
B1 腐蚀 X9 人为打孔盗油
B2 外部负载 X10 海上施工
B3 出现悬跨 X11 设计埋深不足
B4 自然灾害 X12 操作埋深不足
B5 材料缺陷 X13 处理不及时
B6 焊缝缺陷 X14 强流和强波
B7 辅助设备故障 X15 海底土易被侵蚀
C1 内部腐蚀 X16 海底地震
C2 外部腐蚀 X17 海底运动
C3 埋深不足 X18 台风
C4 环境条件恶劣 X19 材料设计缺陷
X1 未清除腐蚀气体和杂质 X20 材料施工缺陷
X2 未添加缓蚀剂 X21 焊缝设计缺陷
X3 未定期清管 X22 焊缝施工缺陷
X4 防腐涂层失效 X23 辅助设备老化
X5 阴极防蚀失效 X24 辅助设备设计缺陷
), ArticleFig(id=1168122800435896444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

海底管道泄漏失效节点事件

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符号 节点事件 符号 节点事件
T 海底管道泄漏失效 X6 坠物撞击
A1 外部因素 X7 锚固
A2 内部因素 X8 渔具作用
B1 腐蚀 X9 人为打孔盗油
B2 外部负载 X10 海上施工
B3 出现悬跨 X11 设计埋深不足
B4 自然灾害 X12 操作埋深不足
B5 材料缺陷 X13 处理不及时
B6 焊缝缺陷 X14 强流和强波
B7 辅助设备故障 X15 海底土易被侵蚀
C1 内部腐蚀 X16 海底地震
C2 外部腐蚀 X17 海底运动
C3 埋深不足 X18 台风
C4 环境条件恶劣 X19 材料设计缺陷
X1 未清除腐蚀气体和杂质 X20 材料施工缺陷
X2 未添加缓蚀剂 X21 焊缝设计缺陷
X3 未定期清管 X22 焊缝施工缺陷
X4 防腐涂层失效 X23 辅助设备老化
X5 阴极防蚀失效 X24 辅助设备设计缺陷
), ArticleFig(id=1168122800549142653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Evaluation results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本
事件
FPS FFP 基本
事件
FPS FFP
X 1 0.607 2 1.09×10-3 X 13 0.504 9 3.35×10-4
X 2 0.614 5 1.18×10-3 X 14 0.257 0 1.93×10-5
X 3 0.460 6 2.01×10-4 X 15 0.754 5 5.92×10-3
X 4 0.536 1 4.79×10-4 X 16 0.160 2 6.32×10-6
X 5 0.485 9 2.69×10-4 X 17 0.670 6 2.26×10-3
X 6 0.446 1 1.70×10-4 X 18 0.314 0 3.72×10-5
X 7 0.460 6 2.01×10-4 X 19 0.582 1 8.14×10-4
X 8 0.475 4 2.38×10-4 X 20 0.597 5 9.71×10-4
X 9 0.696 7 3.05×10-3 X 21 0.472 5 2.30×10-4
X 10 0.340 1 5.02×10-5 X 22 0.562 4 6.49×10-4
X 11 0.561 4 6.41×10-4 X 23 0.712 5 3.65×10-3
X 12 0.318 3 3.91×10-5 X 24 0.205 9 1.07×10-5
), ArticleFig(id=1168122800674971774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

专家意见的聚合与转化结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本
事件
FPS FFP 基本
事件
FPS FFP
X 1 0.607 2 1.09×10-3 X 13 0.504 9 3.35×10-4
X 2 0.614 5 1.18×10-3 X 14 0.257 0 1.93×10-5
X 3 0.460 6 2.01×10-4 X 15 0.754 5 5.92×10-3
X 4 0.536 1 4.79×10-4 X 16 0.160 2 6.32×10-6
X 5 0.485 9 2.69×10-4 X 17 0.670 6 2.26×10-3
X 6 0.446 1 1.70×10-4 X 18 0.314 0 3.72×10-5
X 7 0.460 6 2.01×10-4 X 19 0.582 1 8.14×10-4
X 8 0.475 4 2.38×10-4 X 20 0.597 5 9.71×10-4
X 9 0.696 7 3.05×10-3 X 21 0.472 5 2.30×10-4
X 10 0.340 1 5.02×10-5 X 22 0.562 4 6.49×10-4
X 11 0.561 4 6.41×10-4 X 23 0.712 5 3.65×10-3
X 12 0.318 3 3.91×10-5 X 24 0.205 9 1.07×10-5
), ArticleFig(id=1168122800754663551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Accident probability and posterior probability results

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方法 文中方法 未采用SAM的
FDHHFLTS方法
采用SAM的梯形
模糊数方法
条件概率表仅通过“与/或”
逻辑门转化得到的采用
SAM的FDHHFLTS方法
事故概率 6.20×10-3 6.05×10-3 4.96×10-3 1.55×10-2
后验概率
较大因素
排序
X23 2.49×10-1 X23 2.50×10-1 X9 2.41×10-1 X23 2.36×10-1
X9 2.08×10-1 X9 2.01×10-1 X19 1.40×10-1 X9 1.97×10-1
X17 1.54×10-1 X17 9.87×10-2 X23 1.23×10-1 X17 1.46×10-1
X20 6.64×10-2 X19 9.73×10-2 X1 1.17×10-1 X2 7.63×10-2
), ArticleFig(id=1168122800817578112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741822626410920, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

事故概率值和后验概率结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法 文中方法 未采用SAM的
FDHHFLTS方法
采用SAM的梯形
模糊数方法
条件概率表仅通过“与/或”
逻辑门转化得到的采用
SAM的FDHHFLTS方法
事故概率 6.20×10-3 6.05×10-3 4.96×10-3 1.55×10-2
后验概率
较大因素
排序
X23 2.49×10-1 X23 2.50×10-1 X9 2.41×10-1 X23 2.36×10-1
X9 2.08×10-1 X9 2.01×10-1 X19 1.40×10-1 X9 1.97×10-1
X17 1.54×10-1 X17 9.87×10-2 X23 1.23×10-1 X17 1.46×10-1
X20 6.64×10-2 X19 9.73×10-2 X1 1.17×10-1 X2 7.63×10-2
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基于FDHHFLTS-BN的海底管道泄漏失效风险定量分析
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刘富鹏 1, 2 , 杨九 1, ** , 吴世博 1 , 徐立新 1
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(1): 166-170
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(1): 166-170
基于FDHHFLTS-BN的海底管道泄漏失效风险定量分析
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刘富鹏1, 2 , 杨九1, ** , 吴世博1, 徐立新1
作者信息
  • 1 天津大学 水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津 300072
  • 2 海洋石油工程股份有限公司,天津 300451
  • 刘富鹏 (1988—),男,山东无棣人,博士研究生,高级工程师,主要研究方向为海洋工程建设、风险评估。E-mail:

    徐立新,教授

通讯作者:

**杨 九(1996—),女,黑龙江哈尔滨人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为海洋工程风险评估与控制。E-mail:
Quantitative risk analysis on failure of submarine pipeline leakage based on FDHHFLTS-BN
Fupeng LIU1, 2 , Jiu YANG1, ** , Shibo WU1, Lixin XU1
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China
  • 2 Offshore Oil Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300451,China
出版时间: 2024-01-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.1247
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为预防海底油气管道泄漏失效事故,提出基于自由双层次犹豫模糊语言术语集(FDHHFLTS)和贝叶斯网络(BN)的FDHHFLTS-BN风险分析方法,用于分析海底油气管道泄漏失效事故概率及事故的关键风险因素。将故障树模型转换为BN结构,由专家根据FDHHFLTS评估基本事件发生可能性;采用最佳最差法(BWM)确定专家权重,结合相似性聚合方法(SAM)聚合专家意见;依据构建的BN模型,正向推理得到事故发生概率,反向推理得到后验概率,并进行敏感性分析。将该方法应用于实例分析,结果表明:分析段海底管道泄漏事故的概率值为P=6.20×10-3;焊缝施工缺陷、材料施工缺陷和渔具作用等为事故发生的关键因素;与传统方法对比分析结果证明,所提方法在确定海底管道风险方面具有一定的优势。

自由双层次犹豫模糊语言术语集(FDHHFLTS)  /  贝叶斯网络(BN)  /  海底管道泄漏  /  风险分析  /  相似性聚合方法(SAM)

In order to prevent the leakage failure of submarine pipelines,a FDHHFLTS-BN risk analysis method based on FDHHFLTS and BN was proposed to study the probability and key factors of the leakage failure of submarine pipelines. BN was transformed from the fault tree model,and then experts evaluated the probability of basic events according to FDHHFLTS. The best-worst method (BWM) was used to determine the weights of experts,and SAM was used to aggregate the opinions of experts. Finally,based on the constructed Bayesian network model,the probability of accident occurrence was obtained through forward reasoning. Also,the posterior probability was obtained through backward reasoning,and sensitivity was analyzed. Applying the method for the example analysis,the results show that the probability value of the leakage accident of the analyzed submarine pipeline is P=6.20×10-3. Through sensitivity analysis,construction defect of weld-seam,construction defect of material,and fishing gear interaction can be identified as the key factors for the accident.

free double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (FDHHFLTS)  /  Bayesian network(BN)  /  submarine pipeline leakage  /  risk analysis  /  similarity aggregation method(SAM)
刘富鹏, 杨九, 吴世博, 徐立新. 基于FDHHFLTS-BN的海底管道泄漏失效风险定量分析. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (1) : 166 -170 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.1247
Fupeng LIU, Jiu YANG, Shibo WU, Lixin XU. Quantitative risk analysis on failure of submarine pipeline leakage based on FDHHFLTS-BN[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (1) : 166 -170 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.1247
随着海洋石油业的蓬勃发展,海底管道建设发展空间日益增大[1]。海底管道一旦泄漏,很容易升级为灾难性事件,造成巨大的生命财产损失和环境污染。因此,定量分析海底管道油气泄漏事故的风险,提高海底管道安全性,成为亟需解决的问题。
贝叶斯网络(Bayesian Network,BN)作为一种强大的建模方法,在事件逻辑关系描述和概率推理方面具有优势,已被广泛应用于海底管道风险分析[2]。LI Xinhong等[3]基于BN、模糊集和证据理论,提出一种动态概率方法,用于海底管道不同时间段的疲劳破坏动态概率计算及失效原因分析;SULAIMAN等[4]提出一种基于BN和交互式模糊层次分析法的海底管道风险分析模型,取得较好的应用效果。近年来,基于BN和模糊集理论的模糊BN已经被证明是一种适用于不确定性环境下安全评估和风险分析的有效技术[5],但是,现有基于模糊BN的海底管道泄漏风险分析的研究在专家意见收集过程中存在信息损失较多的问题。对此,JORDI等[6] 提出自由双层次犹豫模糊语言术语集(Free Double Hierarchy Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Term Set,FDHHFLTS),允许不同的第1层次语言术语集对应不同的、恰当的第2层次语言术语集,这增加了语言术语的数量,能够更合理地表达出专家意见,可有效避免在专家意见收集过程中出现过多的信息损失。目前,自由双层次犹豫模糊语言在风险分析领域应用甚少,且其与BN相结合的方法研究还较为鲜见。
鉴于此,笔者拟基于FDHHFLTS和BN,构建FDHHFLTS-BN风险分析方法;采用FDHHFLTS方法收集专家意见,并采用最佳最差法(Best-Worst Method,BWM)[7]确定专家权重;通过相似性聚合方法(Similarity Aggregation Method,SAM)[8]聚合不同专家的意见,再根据建立的BN进行风险分析,确定事故的概率值及关键因素,以期为防控海底管道泄漏事故提供参考。
基于BN和FDHHFLTS构建FDHHFLTS-BN风险分析法。采用FDHHFLTS为专家提供2个层次的语言术语集,第1层次为传统语言术语,第2层次用于对第1层次进行程度上的描述。专家可从2个层次的术语集中自由选择,更精准地表述意见。采用BWM方法确定专家权重。由于FDHHFLTS中语言术语较为丰富,使不同专家意见间的差异性更容易被体现。为使结果更加准确,采用相似聚合方法聚合不同专家意见,并将聚合后的专家意见去模糊化,得到基本事件的先验概率。通过BN正向推理和反向诊断,得到事故发生概率及根节点敏感性。FDHHFLTS-BN风险分析法计算流程如图 1所示。
FDHHFLTS-BN法的海底管道泄漏失效风险定量分析步骤如下:
步骤1:根据故障树模型构建BN结构。海底管道泄漏失效故障树的顶事件为海底油气管道泄漏,共有24个基本事件[9],全部节点事件见表 1
步骤2:评估数据的获取与转换。第1层次评语变量划分为7个等级,即S={s-3= 无,s-2=很低,s-1=低,s0=中,s1=高,s2=很高,s3= 完全}。专家根据个人喜好和习惯选取第2层次语言术语集和评估采用的表达式。领域专家根据定义的评价术语,评估海底油气管道泄漏事故基本事件发生的可能性。每个专家的评估结果均可表示为一个连续的自由双层次犹豫模糊语言元。
步骤3:专家意见聚合与去模糊化。首先,采用BWM方法[7],确定专家权重为W=(w1w2,…,wn)。然后,通过改进的SAM聚合专家意见[8]:
Z ( h 1 h 2 ) = 1 - D ( h 1 h 2 )
W A ( E j ) = k = 1 k j N W ( E k ) · Z ( h j h k ) k = 1 k j N W ( E k )
R A ( E j ) = W A ( E j ) j = 1 M W A ( E j )
C C ( E j ) = β · W ( E j ) + ( 1 - β ) · R A ( E j )
h = C C ( E 1 ) × h 1 + + C C ( E n ) × h n
式中:Z(h1h2)为 h 1 h 2的相似度,且Z(h1h2)∈[0,1]; h 1 h 2分别为2位专家评价的犹豫模糊语言元;D(h1h2)为 h 1 h 2的距离;WA(Weighted Agreement)为专家的加权一致度;EjEk分别为第jk位专家;RA(Relative Agreement)为归一化得到的每个专家的相对一致度;CC(Consensus Coefficient)为专家的共识度;βW(Ej)和RA(Ej)之间哪个更关键,一般情况下可取β=0.5;h为聚合后的专家意见。需要注意的是,在计算中,若 h S O F为离散情况,则需引入连续性校正因子,将离散情况转变为连续情况。
去模糊化聚合后的专家意见分为2个部分,首先,采用质心法将模糊数转换为模糊概率(Fuzzy Possibility Score,FPS):
F P S = u m i n u m a x μ ( u ) · u d u u m i n u m a x μ ( u ) d u
然后,再将FPS转化为失效概率(Fuzzy Failure Probability,FFP)[1],即先验概率。
步骤4:依据构建的BN模型,正向推理得到海底油气管道泄漏事故的概率值。基于BN反向诊断得到基本事件的后验概率,进行敏感性分析:
R o V ( X i ) = φ ( X i ) - ϕ ( X i ) ϕ ( X i )
式中: ϕ ( X i ) φ ( X i )为基本事件 X i的先验概率和后验概率;RoV为变化比(Ratio of Variation)。
根据后验概率和敏感性值判定基本事件影响海底油气管道泄漏事故发生的重要度,确定关键风险因素。
以埕北油田中某段海底管道为例,分析海底油气管道泄漏事故风险。该油田的平均水深为15.8m。该段海底管道全长1.6km,用于连接井口平台和综合处理平台。管道的入口压力为0.15MPa,入口温度为95℃,环向应力为2.97MPa,轴向应力为204MPa[1]
首先,将海底管道泄漏失效故障树转换为BN模型,如图 2所示。模型的叶节点与故障树的顶事件相对应,为海底油气管道泄漏,其致因包括外部因素和内部因素。外部因素包括腐蚀、外部负载、悬跨和自然灾害;内部因素包括材料缺陷、焊缝缺陷和辅助设备故障。此外,模型的24个根节点与表 1中的24个基本事件相对应。
邀请3位专家E1E2E3,采用BWM方法计算得到专家权重为W=(0.53,0.30,0.17)。采用SAM,将收集到的专家意见转换为自由双层次犹豫模糊元,通过去模糊化技术将其转化为清晰数值的模糊概率,并进一步转化为相应的先验概率,结果见表 2
根据BN模型、各根节点先验概率和条件概率表,通过正向推理得到海底油气管道泄漏事故的概率值P=6.20×10-3。基本事件中的辅助设备老化、人为打孔盗油和海底运动的后验概率较大,是最可能导致失效的诱因。根据敏感性分析结果,焊缝施工缺陷、材料施工缺陷和渔具作用是失效发生影响较大的因素。这些关键因素对事故发生影响较大,需在管理中更加重视,采取防控措施降低事故的发生概率。对于辅助设备老化,应开发并引入故障检测系统,实时监测系统运行状态;对于人为打孔盗油,应采用海底管道外损伤预警技术,在发生盗油时能迅速发出报警信号;对于海底运动,尤其是在海底不稳定区域,应考虑采用对海底地形适应性较好、抗疲劳能力较高的柔性软管;对于焊缝、材料的施工缺陷,应改进管道的施工工艺,严格抽查检验管道[2];对于渔具作用等第三方影响,应加强海底管道的外部防护,如混凝土配重层、埋深等,以防止外部冲击对管道的破坏[10]
采用另3种方法与文中提出的方法进行对比,结果见表 3图 3。根据表 3图 3中的结果,各方法得出的事故概率值有一定差异,但大部分结果的数量级与所提方法得到的结果一致。且后验概率较大的因素和关键因素的排序结果大部分趋势相同。
表 3中,采用SAM的FDHHFLTS方法得到的事故概率值与其他3种方法相比较大,原因是条件概率表完全仅由“与/或”逻辑门转化得到,将事件间关系完全视为确定关系,导致结果与实际工程不符。后验概率较大因素为事故发生最有可能的致因,采用SAM的梯形模糊数方法的后验概率排序结果与其他3种方法有差异,且出现部分根节点后验概率相同的情况。这是由于在基于梯形模糊数的方法中,专家进行评价时可选择的语言术语较少,导致在后验概率和敏感性分析中不同根节点之间的区别没有被充分体现,且结果不够准确。基于FDHHFLTS的方法具有更加丰富的语言术语和专家通过语言术语表达意见时的自由性,使得后验概率结果更加准确,敏感性分析结果更为详细。
图 3中,无相似聚合的FDHHFLTS方法中,部分关键因素排序结果与有相似聚合的FDHHFLTS相差较大。结合表 3中的结果可以看出,对于基于FDHHFLTS的方法,是否采用相似聚合方法对事故概率值、后验概率值和敏感性分析结果都存在着一定影响。这是由于无相似聚合时,专家意见聚合得到的模糊概率结果过于倾向权重较大专家的意见。以基本事件X13为例,采用文中所提方法和未采用SAM的FDHHFLTS方法得到的模糊概率分别为0.504 9和0.468 6,相差较大,进而对后续结果产生较大影响。因此,在FDHHFLTS-BN中引入相似聚合方法是必要的,可以实现更好地衡量和表达专家意见间的差异性和一致性,获得更准确的结果。
1) 结合FDHHFLTS与BN,建立FDHHFLTS-BN风险分析方法,并将BWM方法与改进的SAM方法相结合,提出一种新的专家意见聚合方法。所提方法通过BWM从主观角度获取专家权重,并利用SAM通过客观角度聚合专家意见。同时,考虑主客观角度、专家意见间的差异性和一致性,能够充分利用专家意见,合理地完成聚合过程。
2) 案例评估结果表明:基本事件中的辅助设备老化、人为打孔盗油和海底运动的后验概率较大是最可能导致泄漏失效的诱因。焊缝施工缺陷、材料施工缺陷和渔具作用等为事故发生的关键因素。案例结果验证了FDHHFLTS-BN风险分析法应用于海底管道失效风险分析中的可行性及优势。
3) 文中主要致力于在相关历史失效数据缺失的情况下,开展海底管道泄漏失效风险分析。因此,专家意见是文中进行风险分析的主要来源。而未来的研究将侧重于结合机器学习或深度学习技术对海底管道泄漏失效开展长期动态评估。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(51879189)
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2024年第34卷第1期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.1247
  • 接收时间:2023-06-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-14
  • 修回日期:2023-09-17
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(51879189)
作者信息
    1 天津大学 水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津 300072
    2 海洋石油工程股份有限公司,天津 300451

通讯作者:

**杨 九(1996—),女,黑龙江哈尔滨人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为海洋工程风险评估与控制。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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