Article(id=1149741819270967675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149741815273800564, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)01-0206-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.1866, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1692028800000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-15, revisedDate=1700064000000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049410884, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1706371200000, pubDateStr=2024-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049410884, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049410884, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049410884, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149741815273800564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752049409931, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756468937446, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1168278657316430156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149741815273800564, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1168278657316430157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149741815273800564, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=206, endPage=214, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149741819505848703, articleId=1149741819270967675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Research on smoke exhaust efficiency and evacuation of multi-storey terminal buildings under action of environmental wind, columnId=1149733270084042840, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Public safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to investigate the effect of smoke evacuation patterns under ambient winds on the safe evacuation of people,taking a terminal building as the subject of the study,the multi-floor area was selected as the data acquisition range,33 control conditions were divided by controlling the smoke exhaust window,and fire dynamics simulator (FDS) software was used to obtain the smoke exhaust effect in the building under different conditions. Further construct wind direction intervals with north winds shifting to east winds via northeast winds to obtain the curve law of wind direction and time to reach hazards,and 0-90° as the high side window opening angle interval to obtain the suitable window opening range,according to the environmental wind to determine and optimize the safe evacuation. The results show that for the smoke exhaust effect in the building,if the high side windows are fully opened,it is conducive to smoke exhaust under no wind and low wind speed. If the wind speed is high,the wind direction perpendicular to the floor alignment is more effective for smoke evacuation. In the wind direction range,the wind direction of 0-70° will promote the smoke exhaust of the high side window,and the wind direction of 30 and 60° is the best,and the wind direction along the floor trend will have smoke backflow. Within the high side window opening angle,a 5-30° down-hung window or full opening window is appropriate. Combined with the time to reach hazards of the wind direction,the evacuation of floor personnel is optimized,and the evacuation time after adjustment is reduced by 10% compared with the unoptimized time.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yang SONG, Wenju MA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149741838803841119, articleId=1149741819270967675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=环境风下多层航站楼排烟效果及人员疏散研究, columnId=1149733271510106222, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=公共安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究环境风下机场航站楼排烟模式对人员安全疏散的影响,以某航站楼为研究对象,选择多楼层区域作为数据获取范围,针对排烟窗控制模式的33种工况,采用火灾动力学(FDS)软件模拟排烟效果;以北风经东北风转为东风构造风向区间,获得风向与危险到达时间的曲线关系;以0~90°为高侧窗开启角度区间,获得适宜开窗范围,并根据环境风进行安全疏散的判定与优化。结果表明:对于楼内排烟效果而言,若高侧窗全开,无风和低风速下有利于排烟,环境风速较高时,垂直于楼层走势的风向排烟效果较好;在风向区间内,0~70°风向会对高侧窗排烟起促进作用,30和60°风向点最优,顺楼层走势的风向会有烟气倒灌;在高侧窗开启角度内,实际以5~30°下悬窗或全开窗为宜;结合风向下的危险到达时间,进行楼层人员疏散优化,调控后疏散时间比未优化时减少10%。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=wFuQfY8c9daMDE1/B/x7xA==, magXml=RPDg/cGllrr64nuVqAGR6w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=+G778HOXfHbXGygKpYI6yQ==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=MDLEEM5LDVEUHOGDFTqpfg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

宋 洋 (1977—),男,天津人,博士,教授,主要从事民用机场建筑信息模型(BIM)、航站楼火灾精细化仿真及应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:y-song@cauc.edu.cn。

, authorsList=宋洋, 马文举)}, authors=[Author(id=1168123033542734304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1168123033609843171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, authorId=1168123033542734304, language=EN, stringName=Yang SONG, firstName=Yang, middleName=null, lastName=SONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 School of Economics and Management,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China
2 School of Safety Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1168123033672757732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, authorId=1168123033542734304, language=CN, stringName=宋洋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 中国民航大学 经济与管理学院,天津 300300
2 中国民航大学 安全科学与工程学院,天津 300300, bio={"img":"bW4rpJvQE0eTayLEEZnn5w==","content":"

宋 洋 (1977—),男,天津人,博士,教授,主要从事民用机场建筑信息模型(BIM)、航站楼火灾精细化仿真及应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:y-song@cauc.edu.cn。

"}, bioImg=bW4rpJvQE0eTayLEEZnn5w==, bioContent=

宋 洋 (1977—),男,天津人,博士,教授,主要从事民用机场建筑信息模型(BIM)、航站楼火灾精细化仿真及应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:y-song@cauc.edu.cn。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168123033404322265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168123033412710874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, companyId=1168123033404322265, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Economics and Management,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168123033416905179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, companyId=1168123033404322265, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国民航大学 经济与管理学院,天津 300300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1168123033471431132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168123033479819741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, companyId=1168123033471431132, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Safety Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168123033488208350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, companyId=1168123033471431132, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国民航大学 安全科学与工程学院,天津 300300)])]), Author(id=1168123033735672294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1168123033794392552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, authorId=1168123033735672294, language=EN, stringName=Wenju MA, firstName=Wenju, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 School of Safety Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1168123033903444457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, authorId=1168123033735672294, language=CN, stringName=马文举, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 中国民航大学 安全科学与工程学院,天津 300300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168123033471431132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168123033479819741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, companyId=1168123033471431132, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Safety Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168123033488208350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, companyId=1168123033471431132, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国民航大学 安全科学与工程学院,天津 300300)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1168123034020884970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=terminal building), Keyword(id=1168123034075410923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=ambient wind), Keyword(id=1168123034134131180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=smoke exhaust efficiency), Keyword(id=1168123034234794477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=evacuation), Keyword(id=1168123034327069166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=high side windows), Keyword(id=1168123034436121071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=time to reach hazards), Keyword(id=1168123034545172976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=航站楼), Keyword(id=1168123034612281841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=环境风), Keyword(id=1168123034738110962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=排烟效果), Keyword(id=1168123034813608435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=人员疏散), Keyword(id=1168123034872328692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=高侧窗), Keyword(id=1168123034943631861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=危险到达时间)], refs=[Reference(id=1168123037728649748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=29, issue=1, pageStart=63, pageEnd=70, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=赵鹏程, 姚斌, journalName=火灾科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵鹏程, 姚斌. 环境风作用下弧形立面机场航站楼自然排烟效果的数值模拟研究[J]. 火灾科学, 2020, 29(1):63-70., articleTitle=环境风作用下弧形立面机场航站楼自然排烟效果的数值模拟研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123037925782037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=29, issue=1, pageStart=63, pageEnd=70, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=ZHAO Pengcheng, YAO Bin, journalName=Fire Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Pengcheng, YAO Bin. Numerical simulation study on natural smoke exhaust effect of arc-shaped airport terminal under the action of environmental wind[J]. Fire Science, 2020, 29(1):63-70., articleTitle=Numerical simulation study on natural smoke exhaust effect of arc-shaped airport terminal under the action of environmental wind, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123037992890902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=窦清华, journalName=机场航站楼自然排烟模式的数值模拟研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=窦清华. 机场航站楼自然排烟模式的数值模拟研究[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123038093554199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=DOU Qinghua, journalName=Numerical simulation research on natural smoke exhaust mode of airport terminal building, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DOU Qinghua. Numerical simulation research on natural smoke exhaust mode of airport terminal building[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123038164857368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=7, pageStart=931, pageEnd=934, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=邓玲, 韩峥, journalName=消防科学与技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邓玲, 韩峥. 环境风速对前室自然排烟效果的影响[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2020, 39(7):931-934., articleTitle=环境风速对前室自然排烟效果的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123038227771929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=7, pageStart=931, pageEnd=934, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=DENG Ling, HAN Zheng, journalName=Fire Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DENG Ling, HAN Zheng. Influence of ambient wind speed on the effect of natural smoke exhaust in the front room[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2020, 39(7):931-934., articleTitle=Influence of ambient wind speed on the effect of natural smoke exhaust in the front room, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123038311658010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=87, pageEnd=94, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=刘博, 王春雨, 耿伟超, journalName=中国安全生产科学技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘博, 王春雨, 耿伟超, 等. 大空间设置上、下悬窗自然排烟效果对比研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2022, 18(1):87-94., articleTitle=大空间设置上、下悬窗自然排烟效果对比研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123038399738395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=87, pageEnd=94, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=LIU Bo, WANG Chunyu, GENG Weichao, journalName=Journal of Safety Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Bo, WANG Chunyu, GENG Weichao. et al. A comparative study on the natural smoke exhaust effect of large space with upper and lower hanging windows[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2022, 18(1):87-94., articleTitle=A comparative study on the natural smoke exhaust effect of large space with upper and lower hanging windows, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123038542344732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=28, issue=null, pageStart=140, pageEnd=147, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=CHOW W K, LI Junmei, journalName=Journal of Computational Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHOW W K, LI Junmei. Wind action on natural smoke exhaust in atria[J]. Journal of Computational Science, 2018, 28:140-147., articleTitle=Wind action on natural smoke exhaust in atria, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123038659785245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=142, issue=null, pageStart=332, pageEnd=347, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=9, authorNames=WANG Aijuan, MANESCAU B, SERRA Q, journalName=International Journal of Thermal Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Aijuan, MANESCAU B, SERRA Q, et al. Numerical simulations of outdoor wind effects on smoke spreading along a corridor: physical and sensitivity analysis[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2019, 142:332-347., articleTitle=Numerical simulations of outdoor wind effects on smoke spreading along a corridor: physical and sensitivity analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123038747865630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=10, authorNames=LIU Xiaosheng, DONG Hou, JUN Ji, journalName=Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Xiaosheng, DONG Hou, JUN Ji. et al. Experiment and numerical simulation of cable trench fire detection[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2021,28: DOI:10.1016/j.csite.2021.101338., articleTitle=Experiment and numerical simulation of cable trench fire detection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123038848528927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=王乐, journalName=利用Pyrosim对某高架仓库火势蔓延和烟气变化的数值模拟, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王乐. 利用Pyrosim对某高架仓库火势蔓延和烟气变化的数值模拟[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123038953386528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=12, authorNames=WANG Le, journalName=Numerical simulation of fire spread and smoke change in a high-bay warehouse using Pyrosim, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Le. Numerical simulation of fire spread and smoke change in a high-bay warehouse using Pyrosim[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123039028884001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=GB 51236—2017, 民用机场航站楼设计防火规范, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB 51236—2017, 民用机场航站楼设计防火规范[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123039154713122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=GB 51236-2017,Code for fire protection design of civil airport terminal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB 51236-2017,Code for fire protection design of civil airport terminal[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123039234404899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=GB 51251—2017, 建筑防烟排烟系统技术标准, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB 51251—2017, 建筑防烟排烟系统技术标准[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123039301513764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=GB 51251-2017,Technical standard for smoke management systems in buildings, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB 51251-2017,Technical standard for smoke management systems in buildings[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123039364428325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=536, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=17, authorNames=李引擎, 史毅, journalName=建筑防火工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李引擎, 史毅. 建筑防火工程[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2004:536-552., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123039431537190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=31, issue=3, pageStart=156, pageEnd=161, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=任飞, 史聪灵, 李建, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=任飞, 史聪灵, 李建, 等. 半地下有轨电车车站火灾自然排烟模式研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(3):156-161., articleTitle=半地下有轨电车车站火灾自然排烟模式研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123039507034663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=31, issue=3, pageStart=156, pageEnd=161, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=19, authorNames=REN Fei, SHI Congling, LI Jian, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REN Fei, SHI Congling, LI Jian, et al. Study on natural smoke extraction mode of fire in semi-underground tram stations[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(3):156-161., articleTitle=Study on natural smoke extraction mode of fire in semi-underground tram stations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123039578337832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=232, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=20, authorNames=霍然, 袁宏永, journalName=性能化建筑防火分析与设计, refType=null, unstructuredReference=霍然, 袁宏永. 性能化建筑防火分析与设计[M]. 合肥: 安徽科学技术出版社, 2003:232-239., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123039674806825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=30, issue=12, pageStart=141, pageEnd=147, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=21, authorNames=李娜, 张艳, 华宇东, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李娜, 张艳, 华宇东, 等. 外界风场对高铁车厢行李火灾发展的影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(12):141-147., articleTitle=外界风场对高铁车厢行李火灾发展的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123039758692906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=30, issue=12, pageStart=141, pageEnd=147, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=LI Na, ZHANG Yan, HUA Yudong, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Na, ZHANG Yan, HUA Yudong. et al. Influence of external wind field on the development of luggage fires in high-speed railway carriages[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(12): 141-147., articleTitle=Influence of external wind field on the development of luggage fires in high-speed railway carriages, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123039876133419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=JGJ 102—2003,玻璃幕墙工程技术规范, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JGJ 102—2003,玻璃幕墙工程技术规范[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123040006156844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=JGJ 102-2003,Technical code for glass curtain wall engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JGJ 102-2003,Technical code for glass curtain wall engineering[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123040069071405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=25, authorNames=彭志昊, journalName=环境风条件下超高层建筑火灾烟气运动规律研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=彭志昊. 环境风条件下超高层建筑火灾烟气运动规律研究[D]. 成都: 四川师范大学, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123040161346094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=26, authorNames=PENG Zhihao, journalName=Research on the smoke movement law of super high-rise building fire under ambient wind conditions, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PENG Zhihao. Research on the smoke movement law of super high-rise building fire under ambient wind conditions[D]. Chengdu: Sichuan Normal University, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123040241037871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=27, authorNames=YI Liang, CHEN Yijun, BU Rongwei, journalName=Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YI Liang, CHEN Yijun, BU Rongwei, et al. Visualization study on the effect of ambient wind on smoke layer height in chamber fires under natural smoke exhaust condition[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2021,208: DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104458., articleTitle=Visualization study on the effect of ambient wind on smoke layer height in chamber fires under natural smoke exhaust condition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123040316535344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=30, issue=6, pageStart=142, pageEnd=151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=28, authorNames=叶成豪, 刘月婵, 孙超, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=叶成豪, 刘月婵, 孙超, 等. 考虑火灾产物影响条件下的人员疏散仿真研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(6):142-151., articleTitle=考虑火灾产物影响条件下的人员疏散仿真研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123040379449905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=30, issue=6, pageStart=142, pageEnd=151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=29, authorNames=YE Chenghao, LIU Yuechan, SUN Chao, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YE Chenghao, LIU Yuechan, SUN Chao. et al. Simulation study of personnel evacuation considering the influence of fire products[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(6):142-151., articleTitle=Simulation study of personnel evacuation considering the influence of fire products, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123040463335986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=http://www.cdpf.org.cn//ywpd/wq/wzahjjs/29bbb38ff2ea4e6c8f997eb49f36e5f2.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=30, authorNames=中国残疾人联合会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国残疾人联合会. 残疾人运输管理办法[EB/OL].( 2022-04-22). http://www.cdpf.org.cn//ywpd/wq/wzahjjs/29bbb38ff2ea4e6c8f997eb49f36e5f2.htm., articleTitle=残疾人运输管理办法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123040547222067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=GB/T 31593.9—2015, 消防安全工程第9部分:人员疏散评估指南, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB/T 31593.9—2015, 消防安全工程第9部分:人员疏散评估指南[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123040618525236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=GB/T 31593. 9-2015,Fire safety engineering-Part 9: guidance on evaluation of behaviour and movement of people, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB/T 31593. 9-2015,Fire safety engineering-Part 9: guidance on evaluation of behaviour and movement of people[S]., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123040694022709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=28, issue=8, pageStart=31, pageEnd=37, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=33, authorNames=宋洋, 陈申高, 兰思洁, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宋洋, 陈申高, 兰思洁, 等. 民用机场航站楼火灾人员疏散仿真研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2018, 28(8):31-37., articleTitle=民用机场航站楼火灾人员疏散仿真研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168123040786297398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=28, issue=8, pageStart=31, pageEnd=37, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=34, authorNames=SONG Yang, CHEN Shengao, LAN Sijie, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SONG Yang, CHEN Shengao, LAN Sijie, et al. Simulation study of personnel evacuation in civil airport terminal fire[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2018, 28(8):31-37., articleTitle=Simulation study of personnel evacuation in civil airport terminal fire, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168123033404322265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168123033412710874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, companyId=1168123033404322265, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Economics and Management,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168123033416905179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, companyId=1168123033404322265, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国民航大学 经济与管理学院,天津 300300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1168123033471431132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168123033479819741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, companyId=1168123033471431132, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Safety Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168123033488208350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, companyId=1168123033471431132, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国民航大学 安全科学与工程学院,天津 300300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1168123035103015414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Main study areas, figureFileSmall=e5AzFoVVrPfYRUdYbTRc0g==, figureFileBig=V/Md+7Yysap5/fAuwY3/0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123035178512887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, label=图1, caption=主要研究区域, figureFileSmall=e5AzFoVVrPfYRUdYbTRc0g==, figureFileBig=V/Md+7Yysap5/fAuwY3/0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123035241427448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Internal structure of main study area and distribution of measurement points, figureFileSmall=uL52Ss6mgerT0hUNVLFmUQ==, figureFileBig=Ue5PvjP2oX2qYxH/2f7wmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123035304342009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, label=图2, caption=主要研究区域内部结构及测点分布, figureFileSmall=uL52Ss6mgerT0hUNVLFmUQ==, figureFileBig=Ue5PvjP2oX2qYxH/2f7wmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123035358867962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Delineation of smoke evacuation areas, figureFileSmall=wUNp5KKgWb5TnjVILhL+iQ==, figureFileBig=VPF28tN1VaCnf1kTZ4+keA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123035421782523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, label=图3, caption=排烟区域划分, figureFileSmall=wUNp5KKgWb5TnjVILhL+iQ==, figureFileBig=VPF28tN1VaCnf1kTZ4+keA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123035505668604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Time to reach hazards at point M, figureFileSmall=aChxuHto48yNnh45MJtrCQ==, figureFileBig=hSRRF73mJ21n171EXDpDcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123035556000253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, label=图4, caption=点M处危险到达时间, figureFileSmall=aChxuHto48yNnh45MJtrCQ==, figureFileBig=hSRRF73mJ21n171EXDpDcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123035610526206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Mean value of flue gas flow tends to be stable under B4 condition, figureFileSmall=Wybmpsr0rW7aY1yCISfrsQ==, figureFileBig=R9rRQPZlIPEg/DeDL71Bzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123035665052159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, label=图5, caption=B4工况趋于稳定的烟气流量均值, figureFileSmall=Wybmpsr0rW7aY1yCISfrsQ==, figureFileBig=R9rRQPZlIPEg/DeDL71Bzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123035719578112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Flue gas flow under ambient wind, figureFileSmall=tKdk2oZEndKu/kM81+8/9A==, figureFileBig=jVwTX4YAY9w1KUAq2GxkjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123035795075585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, label=图6, caption=环境风作用下的烟气流量, figureFileSmall=tKdk2oZEndKu/kM81+8/9A==, figureFileBig=jVwTX4YAY9w1KUAq2GxkjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123035853795842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Plot of wind direction versus time to reach hazards, figureFileSmall=74CTjiyDFCjVVxqFIRP+8w==, figureFileBig=hjn+9BzqOJm1RsuXopd4Hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123035908321795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, label=图7, caption=风向与危险到达时间关系, figureFileSmall=74CTjiyDFCjVVxqFIRP+8w==, figureFileBig=hjn+9BzqOJm1RsuXopd4Hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123035962847748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Angle range of high side window opening, figureFileSmall=jEjkR97TOjQh+CntyKt8Ew==, figureFileBig=SJiIpx1o71PejwMn3Dqesw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123036050928133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, label=图8, caption=高侧窗开启角度范围, figureFileSmall=jEjkR97TOjQh+CntyKt8Ew==, figureFileBig=SJiIpx1o71PejwMn3Dqesw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123036126425606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Relationship between high side window opening angle and time to reach hazards, figureFileSmall=J0l3k9WzMFVnxtmAyqrmMQ==, figureFileBig=ewcpjKKIZcd9+SSehmETGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123036189340167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, label=图9, caption=高侧窗开启角度与危险到达时间的关系, figureFileSmall=J0l3k9WzMFVnxtmAyqrmMQ==, figureFileBig=ewcpjKKIZcd9+SSehmETGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123036277420552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

High side window opening mode

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
高侧窗
模式
南北侧高
侧窗
东西侧高
侧窗
数量/
开窗面
积/m2
W0 0 0
W1 30 60
W2 18 36
W3 12 24
), ArticleFig(id=1168123036357112329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

高侧窗开窗模式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
高侧窗
模式
南北侧高
侧窗
东西侧高
侧窗
数量/
开窗面
积/m2
W0 0 0
W1 30 60
W2 18 36
W3 12 24
), ArticleFig(id=1168123036424221194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Time to reach hazards at point Ms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 环境
风向
环境风速/
(m·s-1)
开窗模式
W1 W2 W3
A1—A3 无风 0 221 205 225
B1—B15 北风 0.8 249 243 242
1.5 285 250 259
2.5 279 253 248
5.0 251 256 201
10.0 287 263 269
C1—C15 东北风 0.8 248 163 193
1.5 235 135 215
2.5 279 167 229
5.0 - 222 248
10.0 - 385 -
), ArticleFig(id=1168123036508107275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

点M处的危险到达时间

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 环境
风向
环境风速/
(m·s-1)
开窗模式
W1 W2 W3
A1—A3 无风 0 221 205 225
B1—B15 北风 0.8 249 243 242
1.5 285 250 259
2.5 279 253 248
5.0 251 256 201
10.0 287 263 269
C1—C15 东北风 0.8 248 163 193
1.5 235 135 215
2.5 279 167 229
5.0 - 222 248
10.0 - 385 -
), ArticleFig(id=1168123036612964876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Time to reach hazards at point Ns

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 环境
风向
环境风速/
(m·s-1)
开窗模式
W1 W2 W3
A1—A3 无风 0 351 193 316
B1—B15 北风 0.8 221 198 230
1.5 232 208 246
2.5 246 221 262
5.0 275 260 290
10.0 340 323 284
C1—C15 东北风 上述5种
风速
未至危险到达时间
(≥400)
), ArticleFig(id=1168123036780737037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

点N处的危险到达时间

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 环境
风向
环境风速/
(m·s-1)
开窗模式
W1 W2 W3
A1—A3 无风 0 351 193 316
B1—B15 北风 0.8 221 198 230
1.5 232 208 246
2.5 246 221 262
5.0 275 260 290
10.0 340 323 284
C1—C15 东北风 上述5种
风速
未至危险到达时间
(≥400)
), ArticleFig(id=1168123037036589582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Flue gas flow under ambient windkg/s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 环境
风向
环境风速/
(m·s-1)
开窗模式
W1 W2 W3
A1—A3 无风 0 2.183 0.210 2.190
B1—B15 北风 0.8 1.781 0.212 1.782
1.5 1.826 0.213 1.863
2.5 1.889 0.210 1.932
5.0 1.998 0.212 2.024
10.0 2.124 0.196 2.163
C1—C15 东北风 0.8 1.707 0.208 1.734
1.5 1.765 0.205 1.750
2.5 1.766 0.199 1.751
5.0 1.757 0.193 1.754
10.0 1.748 0.204 1.733
), ArticleFig(id=1168123037133058575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

环境风作用下烟气流量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 环境
风向
环境风速/
(m·s-1)
开窗模式
W1 W2 W3
A1—A3 无风 0 2.183 0.210 2.190
B1—B15 北风 0.8 1.781 0.212 1.782
1.5 1.826 0.213 1.863
2.5 1.889 0.210 1.932
5.0 1.998 0.212 2.024
10.0 2.124 0.196 2.163
C1—C15 东北风 0.8 1.707 0.208 1.734
1.5 1.765 0.205 1.750
2.5 1.766 0.199 1.751
5.0 1.757 0.193 1.754
10.0 1.748 0.204 1.733
), ArticleFig(id=1168123037221138960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Safety evacuation data of people in floor area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测位置 通过
人数
通过出口
时间/s
出口最大人员
流量/(人·s-1)
通向
区域
E楼梯间 100 190.33 1.88 一层大厅
F楼梯间 126 161.43 1.46 一层大厅
I楼梯间 53 114.60 0.88 第二楼层
J楼梯间 133 166.42 1.37 第二楼层
), ArticleFig(id=1168123037321802257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

楼层区域内人员安全疏散数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测位置 通过
人数
通过出口
时间/s
出口最大人员
流量/(人·s-1)
通向
区域
E楼梯间 100 190.33 1.88 一层大厅
F楼梯间 126 161.43 1.46 一层大厅
I楼梯间 53 114.60 0.88 第二楼层
J楼梯间 133 166.42 1.37 第二楼层
), ArticleFig(id=1168123037409882642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Optimized personnel evacuation data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测
位置
通过
人数
通过出口
时间/s
出口最大人员
流量/(人·s-1)
E楼梯间 63 107.44 1.74
F楼梯间 168 185.04 1.46
I楼梯间 96 138.28 1.26
J楼梯间 91 116.39 1.35
), ArticleFig(id=1168123037502157331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741819270967675, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

优化后人员疏散数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测
位置
通过
人数
通过出口
时间/s
出口最大人员
流量/(人·s-1)
E楼梯间 63 107.44 1.74
F楼梯间 168 185.04 1.46
I楼梯间 96 138.28 1.26
J楼梯间 91 116.39 1.35
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1123942128916217864, delFlag=0, nameCn=中国安全科学学报, nameEn=China Safety Science Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-3033, eissn=, cn=11-2865/X, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=0, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=fkqsFM6VKlHC4gCtS5XqTw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chin Saf Sci J, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1754269350027, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=C, firstLetterEn=C, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=fkqsFM6VKlHC4gCtS5XqTw==, picEn=SHn9HgqSxtJrOcAxqD++4Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1159052918994595848, language=CN, name=中国安全科学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.cssjj.com.cn/, createdTime=1754269350050, updatedTime=1754269350050, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.cssjj.com.cn/CN/column/item15.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1159052919040733193, language=EN, name=China Safety Science Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.cssjj.com.cn/EN/1003-3033/home.shtml, createdTime=1754269350061, updatedTime=1754269350061, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/EN/column/column3.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146031787341344770, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202345263519, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031787341344770, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112766, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753502583634, updateBy=18614031015, name=《中国安全科学学报》中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=中国安全科学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148618794941046792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751781661020, updateTime=1751781661020, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794911686661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751781661012, updateTime=1751781661012, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794894909444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=tui0IVO9FMwB61HHtX5scg==, createTime=1751781661008, updateTime=1751781661008, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794932658183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751781661017, updateTime=1751781661017, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794924269574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751781661015, updateTime=1751781661015, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155836763751993353, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031787341344770, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1753502558893, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753524450387, updateBy=18614031015, name=《中国安全科学学报》英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=China Safety Science Journal, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155895925743669425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753516664205, updateTime=1753516664205, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925722697902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753516664200, updateTime=1753516664200, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925714309293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=tui0IVO9FMwB61HHtX5scg==, createTime=1753516664198, updateTime=1753516664198, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925735280816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753516664203, updateTime=1753516664203, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925731086511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753516664202, updateTime=1753516664202, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=China Safety Science Journal, journalPhotoCn=fkqsFM6VKlHC4gCtS5XqTw==, journalPhotoEn=SHn9HgqSxtJrOcAxqD++4Q==, journalFirstLetter=C, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=1, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=null, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.1866, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/EN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.1866, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/PDF/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.1866, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/EN/PDF/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.1866, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
环境风下多层航站楼排烟效果及人员疏散研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
宋洋 1, 2 , 马文举 2
中国安全科学学报 | 公共安全 2024,34(1): 206-214
收起
收藏切换
中国安全科学学报 | 公共安全 2024, 34(1): 206-214
环境风下多层航站楼排烟效果及人员疏散研究
全屏
宋洋1, 2, 马文举2
作者信息
  • 1 中国民航大学 经济与管理学院,天津 300300
  • 2 中国民航大学 安全科学与工程学院,天津 300300
  • 宋 洋 (1977—),男,天津人,博士,教授,主要从事民用机场建筑信息模型(BIM)、航站楼火灾精细化仿真及应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:y-song@cauc.edu.cn。

Research on smoke exhaust efficiency and evacuation of multi-storey terminal buildings under action of environmental wind
Yang SONG1, 2, Wenju MA2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Economics and Management,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China
  • 2 School of Safety Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China
出版时间: 2024-01-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.1866
文章导航
收藏切换

为探究环境风下机场航站楼排烟模式对人员安全疏散的影响,以某航站楼为研究对象,选择多楼层区域作为数据获取范围,针对排烟窗控制模式的33种工况,采用火灾动力学(FDS)软件模拟排烟效果;以北风经东北风转为东风构造风向区间,获得风向与危险到达时间的曲线关系;以0~90°为高侧窗开启角度区间,获得适宜开窗范围,并根据环境风进行安全疏散的判定与优化。结果表明:对于楼内排烟效果而言,若高侧窗全开,无风和低风速下有利于排烟,环境风速较高时,垂直于楼层走势的风向排烟效果较好;在风向区间内,0~70°风向会对高侧窗排烟起促进作用,30和60°风向点最优,顺楼层走势的风向会有烟气倒灌;在高侧窗开启角度内,实际以5~30°下悬窗或全开窗为宜;结合风向下的危险到达时间,进行楼层人员疏散优化,调控后疏散时间比未优化时减少10%。

航站楼  /  环境风  /  排烟效果  /  人员疏散  /  高侧窗  /  危险到达时间

In order to investigate the effect of smoke evacuation patterns under ambient winds on the safe evacuation of people,taking a terminal building as the subject of the study,the multi-floor area was selected as the data acquisition range,33 control conditions were divided by controlling the smoke exhaust window,and fire dynamics simulator (FDS) software was used to obtain the smoke exhaust effect in the building under different conditions. Further construct wind direction intervals with north winds shifting to east winds via northeast winds to obtain the curve law of wind direction and time to reach hazards,and 0-90° as the high side window opening angle interval to obtain the suitable window opening range,according to the environmental wind to determine and optimize the safe evacuation. The results show that for the smoke exhaust effect in the building,if the high side windows are fully opened,it is conducive to smoke exhaust under no wind and low wind speed. If the wind speed is high,the wind direction perpendicular to the floor alignment is more effective for smoke evacuation. In the wind direction range,the wind direction of 0-70° will promote the smoke exhaust of the high side window,and the wind direction of 30 and 60° is the best,and the wind direction along the floor trend will have smoke backflow. Within the high side window opening angle,a 5-30° down-hung window or full opening window is appropriate. Combined with the time to reach hazards of the wind direction,the evacuation of floor personnel is optimized,and the evacuation time after adjustment is reduced by 10% compared with the unoptimized time.

terminal building  /  ambient wind  /  smoke exhaust efficiency  /  evacuation  /  high side windows  /  time to reach hazards
宋洋, 马文举. 环境风下多层航站楼排烟效果及人员疏散研究. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (1) : 206 -214 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.1866
Yang SONG, Wenju MA. Research on smoke exhaust efficiency and evacuation of multi-storey terminal buildings under action of environmental wind[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (1) : 206 -214 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.1866
机场航站楼、高铁候车楼、大型体育馆等场所往往空间高大,具有较强的环境对流性,多采用自然排烟方式,环境风有时就会对排烟效果产生决定性影响。因此,综合研究空间结构,环境风作用下风向、风速以及排烟窗的开关模式、开启角度,特别是通过数值模拟分析环境风在上类建筑的排烟过程中的作用,对后续空间设计、应急疏散和救援预案的制定具有重要意义。
例如:赵鹏程等[1]以弧形立面航站楼为例,研究了多组指廊式候机楼自然排烟窗的分段控制模式,得到了不同排烟窗控制模式和发烟量与危险到达时间的关系。窦清华[2]数值模拟了航站楼的自然排烟方式,发现火源功率超过6MW,且风速大于5m/s时,应关闭高处迎风侧窗,防止烟气倒灌;而风速小于等于5m/s时,受环境风影响较小。邓玲等[3]开展了实体火灾试验与数值模拟研究,结果表明:随环境风速上升,下部烟气温度升高,上部温度下降,关闭迎风窗可改善烟气沉降,降低下层烟气温度。刘博等[4]研究了大空间不同开窗形式、环境风下温度、CO体积分数、能见度等,结果表明:不同情景下的下悬窗排烟效果都要优于上悬窗模式;CHOW等[5]依据高层中庭模型,研究横跨中庭水平天花板通风口的排烟效果,发现环境风作用方式是影响排烟口流量的主要因素;WANG Aijuan等[6]通过数值模拟研究了8种环境风下走廊内烟气分层和排烟形式,发现风速大于3.46m/s时,O2体积分数增加,CO2、CO体积分数降低,环境风可以促进隔间火灾中的排烟。
前人研究多集中于环境风对窗口排烟效果的影响上,较少研究多角度环境风作用对多层航站楼内排烟效果的影响。因此,笔者将以多层航站楼为例,采用火灾动力学(Fire Dynamics Simulator,FDS)软件,对不同环境风向、风速下的烟气流动进行精细化仿真研究,并优化楼层内人员疏散模式,为楼内排烟窗开启方式与疏散规划提供参考。
某航站楼长108m、宽50m,一层标高±0.0m,每层标高+3.6m,总标高+12m,地板厚0.25m。第一层为候机大厅、行李提取和处理区,第二层为餐饮、娱乐和休息区,第三层为休息区和办公区。二层左侧有安全出口,各层之间以E、F、I、J楼梯间相连,右侧办公区为主要受灾研究区域,如图1a所示。图1b给出了侧面高位排烟窗位置,标高+8.8m,宽 1m,长2m,南北、东西高侧窗对称均匀布置,最近边缘水平距离不小于2m,作为不同风速、风向情况下的备用通风排烟设施。
假设FDS[7]模型空间各微元控制体中的温度、压力、速度、密度等物理量具有相同的数值,且只随时间变化,那么仿真模型的精度主要与微元控制体的数量有关,而其数量主要受限于计算机能力。
质量、动量和能量守恒方程可分别表示为:
p t + · u ρ = 0
ρ u t + ( u · ) u + · p = ρ g + f + · τ
t ( ρ h ) + ( ρ h u ) = p t + u · p - · q r + · ( k T ) + i · ( h i ρ G i Y i )
式中:p为压力,kPa;t为时间,s;u为速度向量;ρ为密度,kg/m3; 为哈密顿算子;g为重力加速度,m/s2; f为体积力向量; τ为单位面积上黏性张力,kPa;h为焓,hi为第i种材料的焓,kJ;qr为热辐射通量,kW;k为导热系数,W/(m·K);T为温度,K;Gi为第i种材料的扩散系数,m2/s;Yi为第i种材料的质量分数,%。
假定火源在航站楼一层候机区域座椅处,着火材料为织物、木材等。火源的热释放速率Q取 8 000 kW[10]t2快速火模型,火灾增长系数a选取 0.046 89 kW/s2[810],由Q=at2得到火灾到达最大热释放速率的时间为413s。
图2所示,M、N分别为第二、三层监测点位,在楼梯间,人眼特征高度1.8m位置分别设置4组温度、CO体积分数、能见度测点,在距离顶棚1m处,第三层办公楼走廊和楼层一侧设有以烟气扩散向为正向的烟气流量测点,共10组,监测烟气流动轨迹。另外,在E、I、J处设烟气层高度探测组,关注烟气特殊流动情况。
防烟分区与排烟窗具体划分如图3所示。航站楼公共区域主要有行李提取区与迎客区、候机休息区与办公区、行李处理用房,按照其不同功能和防火等级分别划分为1、2、3、4区域,分别作为4个防烟分区,根据防火、排烟规定[9-10]中面积及排烟量要求设置排烟系统。从1—4分区分别有4、5、4、1个排烟窗口,本文以2、3防烟分区为主要研究对象。
担负2个以上防烟分区时,排烟量应按照最大防烟分区面积不小于120m3/(h·m2)计算[10-11]。行李区面积1 440m2,为最大防烟分区,风机总排烟量为172 800m3/h。顶窗排烟时,排烟风速按照侧窗口排烟风速0.74m/s的1.4倍[10]计算,即得1.036m/s;因此,自然排烟窗总面积(风机总排烟量与排烟风速之比)为46.33m2。设计面积应为55.6m2,按照区域可均匀布置14个2m×2m的排烟顶窗。
网格尺寸取值为[L*/16,L*/4]时,模拟结果与试验结果相吻合[12]
L * = Q ρ c p T g 2 5
式中:L*为火灾无量纲特征直径;ρ为空气密度,取1.2kg/m3;cp为空气比热容,取1kJ/(kg·K);T为环境空气温度,取293 K;g取9.81m/s2。由计算结果,选取0.8m×0.8m、0.5m×1.0m和0.2m×0.8m共3种模式在图2的M点进行独立性验证,监测对象为温度、CO体积分数和能见度。验证结果表明:3种网格的能见度变化数值稳定,但温度和CO体积分数仿真结果后2种网格的契合度更高,考虑火灾仿真的精细化和时间成本,选择0.5m×1.0m网格,即近火源网格尺寸0.5m,远火源为1.0m。
根据气象资料,该机场所在地常年最多风向是静风、次多风向,平均风速1.5m/s,平均气温20℃左右。6、7、8月为北风,其余各月为东北偏北风。为多角度了解环境风对楼内排烟效果的影响,设置环境温度20℃、标准大气压,风速考虑0、0.8、1.5、2.5、5.0和10m/s,风向选择无风、北风、东北风3种情况。在开启顶部排烟的情况下,分组开启备用侧高位排烟窗进行排烟研究,考虑北风、东风迎侧面风向,开窗模式设置为W0、W1、W2和W3,详见表1。 为详细研究不同环境风对排烟效果的影响,结合上述条件设置33组工况,分别为A1—A3、B1—B15、C1—C15,代表不同风速、风向与开窗模式,在表2表4中均按从左至右的顺序排列。
通过查阅相关资料[1113],CO体积分数大于0.05%、温度达65℃和能见度小于10m时会对室内人员带来危害。经过10min模拟验证,能见度最先到达危险值,是以能见度到达10m所用时间为危险状态到达依据。此外烟气流量可作为辅助判别依据,烟气流动因受到不同模式的影响,排烟口处的烟流量越大,排烟效果越好,越有利于人员疏散。
表2给出了在环境风作用、不同控制模式下的排烟效果,W0模式下在M、N(图2)2处危险到达时间分别为208和189s。为区分开窗面积大小与有无环境风对排烟效果的影响,在W0模式的基础上设置1.5m/s北风,模拟得M、N处危险到达时间分别为230和169s,发现有风无高侧窗模式近似无风有高侧窗模式,甚至M处排烟更好,因此,当地环境风在楼内排烟效果上起很大作用。由表2可知:除B12(北风5m/s、W3开窗模式)和C2、C3、C5工况未达到预定效果外,环境风明显延长了危险到达时间,同一条件下W2、W3模式危险到达时间绝大部分小于W1,但除B12、C2、C3、C5外其余工况危险到达时间大于W0,因此,高侧窗全开、当地环境风对二层楼梯间排烟起促进作用。由表3可知:高侧窗打开促进顶层排烟,不同环境风影响不同。当为北风时,低风速危险到达时间变小,高风速危险到达时间相对变大,而大都小于A1—A3工况的危险到达时间;当为东北风时,未至危险到达时间。所有工况危险到达时间都大于W0,因此,当高侧窗打开、环境风为东北风时,对三层楼梯间排烟促进作用较大,W1、W3模式、环境风为北风时,对三层楼梯间排烟有抑制效果。
图4给出了M位置不同风速的危险到达时间:W1模式危险到达时间大于分组开窗模式,且明显大于W0。随着北风风速增加,危险到达时间曲线出现先降低、变缓再升高的趋势。随着东北风速增加,危险到达时间逐渐增加,北风对排烟的促进效果比东北风更强,但影响跨度小、波动大。由此可见在W1、W2(北风)、W3开窗模式下,环境风会延长二层通道的危险到达时间,东北风会提高顶层疏散通道的安全时间界限。
图5为B4工况下楼内走廊处烟气流量变化,稳定阶段烟气流量均值为1.825 47kg/s(间断线)。表4给出其余工况下烟气流量均值,W0模式下为0.201kg/s。
图6给出了楼内走廊烟气流量随风速变化趋势,结合表4可知:打开高侧窗可提升层内烟气流量,W2模式受环境风影响较小,同一风向下W1、W3模式变化基本一致,无风时烟气流量受顶部排烟窗影响,打开高侧窗后,低风速下烟气能沿顶棚一侧排出,烟气流量呈下降趋势。环境风为北风,风速增大后,走廊内流通的烟量亦增多;环境风为东北风,风速增大,受东、西向侧窗风影响,烟气流通弱。风速达到10m/s后烟气流量均值变化小,但波动幅度大,最高相差约2.1kg/s。因此,不同风速、风向对走廊内排烟效果的影响需考虑楼层建筑的主要走向,顺风向及楼层走势开窗,风速越大排烟效果越差;当风速较大时,垂直办公楼走势的风向可提升层内长廊排烟效果。而风速过大时,引起烟气室内来回反窜,不宜开窗。
图4表2表3可知:M处更容易受环境风影响到达危险界限,根据当地环境风向划分北风-东北风-东风的90°区间,选取风速1.5m/s,W1控制模式,在0、10、20、30、40、45、50、60、70、80和90°风向下,M处危险到达时间分别为285、283、263、301、267、235、235、302、242、99和164s。两者的危险到达时间样条曲线如图7所示,在风向区间内,曲线呈现出上下波动的趋势,并有多个极值。前30°到达时间比较稳定,以东北风(45°)为分界线在30和60°风向达到了危险到达时间的最大值,从60°风向后曲线开始呈下降趋势,并低于W0,最低为99s。因此,当高侧窗全开、近似为北风向(垂直楼层走势)时,危险到达时间增加值较为稳定,越贴近北风越稳定,越贴近东风(顺楼层走势)危险到达时间跨度越大,最大为203s。
根据当地多北风、平均风速1.5m/s的特点,于W1模式下,设置开窗角度为0、25、35、45、55、65和90°共7种情形,分别得到各情形的危险到达时间。下悬窗尺寸与侧窗大小相同,闭合后可完全封闭,如图8所示。
图9给出的M、N处危险到达时间随开窗角度的变化趋势类似,在10~60°区间呈现升-降-升波谷型曲线,在开窗45°下达到极小值,N处受影响程度较大。当地风下M处危险到达时间全程优于W0,M、N位置侧窗角度在35°前、55°后排烟效果较好。根据《玻璃幕墙工程技术规范》[15],实际工程中玻璃幕墙开启扇的开启角度不宜大于30°,开启距离不宜大于300mm,那么结合M、N处危险到达时间和W0可知:当地高侧窗下悬窗开启角度5~30°为宜,或者设置全开窗,其中,3层楼梯间开窗角度为15~30°最优。
比较类似多层航站楼室内空间排烟模型仿真结果可以得出相似结论。如:北风(垂直风)对高侧窗排烟有抑制效果,能见度受环境风影响更大[16];当高侧窗或东西或南北打开,在当地风北风下北面高侧窗相当于迎风面补气,南面、东西面代表背风面和侧风面排烟,比之无风条件下会获得较好的排烟效果[17]
疏散时人与人之间会有一个合理的间距,人员会自主选择相对畅通、距离较近的疏散路径完成疏散。人员能完成安全疏散主要依据为可用安全疏散时间大于必须安全疏散时间[18]
由《民用机场航站楼设计防火规范》[9]中出发区疏散人数计算式和高峰人员流量特点得到1~3层疏散人数分别为566、350、184人,青年、老年、儿童分别占总数的80%、10%和10%。根据《残疾人航空运输办法》[19]航班载运时残疾旅客按照1%计,按照1∶1安排陪护人员。参考《人员疏散评估指南》及其他文献[1820-21],正常人行进平均不超过1.55m/s,陪护人与残疾人最大移动速度1.3m/s,楼梯上下行最大速度为1m/s,肩宽以轮椅宽度为准。
表5为楼层区域内人员安全疏散数据,由表5可知:4个路径大都有宽裕的时间完成疏散,412名参与疏散人员选择J楼梯路径最多,而较少人选择反方向、需经过走廊的I楼梯,疏散效率低,最终耗时208s。但E通道位置随风向变化(如东北风、近东风)有可能会提前危险到达时间(如99、135s),因此,190s的通过时间不能满足人员安全疏散。
根据顶层危险到达时间晚的特点,规划2/3顶层隔间人员经由长廊于I处撤离;根据E处疏散时间,以5人为1组限制他们从E处撤离,多次累加模拟至最优结果,表6为经过优化测试后的结果。
表6可知:各个出口人员流量接近且危险点E处安全裕度提升显著,消除了楼内特定区域因环境风等外界条件对人员的威胁,同时经优化可得航站楼的总体疏散时间比未调控前减少10%,且同一时间内通过监测位置的人数增加为418人。
1) 打开高侧窗有利于人员疏散,延长危险到达时间。在20℃环境温度下,环境风对航站楼内二层、三层楼梯间排烟效果影响不同。环境风会促进二层楼梯间排烟,在1.5m/s左右北风或东北风风速大于等于5m/s时排烟效果较好。东北风对三层楼梯间排烟促进作用较大,能延长顶层危险到达时间;北风则会降低排烟效果,但其降低作用随风速增大而明显减弱。
2) 无风条件下开高侧窗有助于烟气快速流动;20℃环境温度下,环境风会降低室内空间烟气流量,受环境风扰动,烟气不易快速排出。无风和低风速下高侧窗可全开;环境风大于1.5m/s时,若为垂直风向,高侧窗可全开;若为东北风,建议打开东西侧窗,提升烟气流动速率和危险到达时间,促进楼内顶窗排烟。
3) 由仿真结果可知:危险到达时间最优条件为风向30和60°;0~70°风向都对高侧窗排烟起促进作用;当风向为东风时,高侧窗打开会有烟气倒灌。考虑建筑设计,最优高侧窗开窗模式为开启5~30°的下悬窗,或全开窗。
4) 依据环境风下排烟窗控制模式进行疏散路径的合理规划,相同时间段疏散总人数增加,优化后总疏散时间减少10%。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
赵鹏程, 姚斌. 环境风作用下弧形立面机场航站楼自然排烟效果的数值模拟研究[J]. 火灾科学, 2020, 29(1):63-70.
ZHAO Pengcheng, YAO Bin. Numerical simulation study on natural smoke exhaust effect of arc-shaped airport terminal under the action of environmental wind[J]. Fire Science, 2020, 29(1):63-70.
[2]
窦清华. 机场航站楼自然排烟模式的数值模拟研究[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2018.
DOU Qinghua. Numerical simulation research on natural smoke exhaust mode of airport terminal building[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2018.
[3]
邓玲, 韩峥. 环境风速对前室自然排烟效果的影响[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2020, 39(7):931-934.
DENG Ling, HAN Zheng. Influence of ambient wind speed on the effect of natural smoke exhaust in the front room[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2020, 39(7):931-934.
[4]
刘博, 王春雨, 耿伟超, 等. 大空间设置上、下悬窗自然排烟效果对比研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2022, 18(1):87-94.
LIU Bo, WANG Chunyu, GENG Weichao. et al. A comparative study on the natural smoke exhaust effect of large space with upper and lower hanging windows[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2022, 18(1):87-94.
[5]
CHOW W K, LI Junmei. Wind action on natural smoke exhaust in atria[J]. Journal of Computational Science, 2018, 28:140-147.
[6]
WANG Aijuan, MANESCAU B, SERRA Q, et al. Numerical simulations of outdoor wind effects on smoke spreading along a corridor: physical and sensitivity analysis[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2019, 142:332-347.
[7]
LIU Xiaosheng, DONG Hou, JUN Ji. et al. Experiment and numerical simulation of cable trench fire detection[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2021,28: DOI:10.1016/j.csite.2021.101338.
[8]
王乐. 利用Pyrosim对某高架仓库火势蔓延和烟气变化的数值模拟[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学, 2020.
WANG Le. Numerical simulation of fire spread and smoke change in a high-bay warehouse using Pyrosim[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2020.
[9]
GB 51236—2017, 民用机场航站楼设计防火规范[S].
GB 51236-2017,Code for fire protection design of civil airport terminal[S].
[10]
GB 51251—2017, 建筑防烟排烟系统技术标准[S].
GB 51251-2017,Technical standard for smoke management systems in buildings[S].
[11]
李引擎, 史毅. 建筑防火工程[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2004:536-552.
[12]
任飞, 史聪灵, 李建, 等. 半地下有轨电车车站火灾自然排烟模式研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(3):156-161.
REN Fei, SHI Congling, LI Jian, et al. Study on natural smoke extraction mode of fire in semi-underground tram stations[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(3):156-161.
[13]
霍然, 袁宏永. 性能化建筑防火分析与设计[M]. 合肥: 安徽科学技术出版社, 2003:232-239.
[14]
李娜, 张艳, 华宇东, 等. 外界风场对高铁车厢行李火灾发展的影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(12):141-147.
LI Na, ZHANG Yan, HUA Yudong. et al. Influence of external wind field on the development of luggage fires in high-speed railway carriages[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(12): 141-147.
[15]
JGJ 102—2003,玻璃幕墙工程技术规范[S].
JGJ 102-2003,Technical code for glass curtain wall engineering[S].
[16]
彭志昊. 环境风条件下超高层建筑火灾烟气运动规律研究[D]. 成都: 四川师范大学, 2022.
PENG Zhihao. Research on the smoke movement law of super high-rise building fire under ambient wind conditions[D]. Chengdu: Sichuan Normal University, 2022.
[17]
YI Liang, CHEN Yijun, BU Rongwei, et al. Visualization study on the effect of ambient wind on smoke layer height in chamber fires under natural smoke exhaust condition[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2021,208: DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104458.
[18]
叶成豪, 刘月婵, 孙超, 等. 考虑火灾产物影响条件下的人员疏散仿真研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(6):142-151.
YE Chenghao, LIU Yuechan, SUN Chao. et al. Simulation study of personnel evacuation considering the influence of fire products[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(6):142-151.
[19]
中国残疾人联合会. 残疾人运输管理办法[EB/OL].( 2022-04-22). http://www.cdpf.org.cn//ywpd/wq/wzahjjs/29bbb38ff2ea4e6c8f997eb49f36e5f2.htm. http://www.cdpf.org.cn//ywpd/wq/wzahjjs/29bbb38ff2ea4e6c8f997eb49f36e5f2.htm
[20]
GB/T 31593.9—2015, 消防安全工程第9部分:人员疏散评估指南[S].
GB/T 31593. 9-2015,Fire safety engineering-Part 9: guidance on evaluation of behaviour and movement of people[S].
[21]
宋洋, 陈申高, 兰思洁, 等. 民用机场航站楼火灾人员疏散仿真研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2018, 28(8):31-37.
SONG Yang, CHEN Shengao, LAN Sijie, et al. Simulation study of personnel evacuation in civil airport terminal fire[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2018, 28(8):31-37.
2024年第34卷第1期
PDF下载
473
204
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.1866
  • 接收时间:2023-08-15
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-01-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-15
  • 修回日期:2023-11-16
基金
作者信息
    1 中国民航大学 经济与管理学院,天津 300300
    2 中国民航大学 安全科学与工程学院,天津 300300
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.1866
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏