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In order to optimize the anti-explosion design of an underground unventilated kitchen,the finite element model of a house with an underground unventilated kitchen was established in FLACS software. Based on this model,the effect of gas cloud size,ignition position,shape of obstacle,position,and size of obstacle on gas explosion pressure was investigated. The extent of explosion damage to the unventilated kitchen structure was obtained according to simulation results. The results show that when the gas cloud size increases in the unventilated kitchen,the explosion damage to the building is more severe. The maximum pressure peak values are 41.9,19.5,and 3.25 kPa when ignition is in the kitchen,ventilation shaft,and living room. When an obstacle exists,a greater amount of pressure is generated. The peak pressure is much higher when the obstacle cross-section shape is square than when it is circular and rectangular. The closer the obstacle is to the ignition position,the more intense the pressure peak. With the increase in the obstacle section size,the peak pressure increases continuously. The greatest rise in peak pressure is near the elevator. Shock waves from gas explosions in unventilated kitchens have a greater impact on the floor space than in traditional kitchens.

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为更好地按抗爆要求设计地下暗厨房,利用FLACS软件建立含地下暗厨房的某民用建筑有限元模型,研究气云尺寸、点火位置、障碍物的形状以及位置和尺寸对燃气爆炸压力的影响,并根据数值模拟结果确定爆炸对暗厨房结构的损伤程度。研究表明:在暗厨房中,随着气云尺寸增大,爆炸对建筑物损坏程度也加大。点火位置在厨房、通风井和客厅时,压力峰值分别为41.9、19.5和3.25 kPa。障碍物的存在会使爆炸产生更大的压力,障碍物截面形状为正方形时的压力峰值远大于圆形和长方形;障碍物越靠近点火位置,压力峰值越大;随着障碍物截面尺寸增加,压力峰值不断升高,电梯区域附近压力峰值上升幅度最大。地下暗厨房燃气爆炸产生的冲击波对地上空间影响大于传统厨房。

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彭善碧 (1980—),女,土家族,重庆人,硕士,教授,主要从事燃气负荷智能预测与燃气安全智能管控等方面的研究。E-mail:

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彭善碧 (1980—),女,土家族,重庆人,硕士,教授,主要从事燃气负荷智能预测与燃气安全智能管控等方面的研究。E-mail:

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Shock Waves, 2017, 27(4): 691-697., articleTitle=The effect of ignition location on explosion venting of hydrogen-air mixtures, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1168123067076190403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, awardId=2023NSFSC0422, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省自然科学基金资助(2023NSFSC0422), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168123062009471102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168123062013665407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, companyId=1168123062009471102, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu Sichuan 610500,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168123062022054016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, companyId=1168123062009471102, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 西南石油大学 土木工程与测绘学院,四川 成都 610500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1168123062093357185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168123062101745794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, companyId=1168123062093357185, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Research Institute of Gathering and Transportation Engineering of PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company,Chengdu Sichuan 610095,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168123062105940099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, companyId=1168123062093357185, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国石油西南油气田公司 集输工程技术研究所,四川 成都 610095)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1168123064043708577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Basement layout, figureFileSmall=7DROLWUPZtxFgLvRpK/8ww==, figureFileBig=9t/hdNAcmMLxYjr8ch6WpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123064123400354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=CN, label=图1, caption=地下一层布局, figureFileSmall=7DROLWUPZtxFgLvRpK/8ww==, figureFileBig=9t/hdNAcmMLxYjr8ch6WpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123064194703523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Grid number-pressure curve, figureFileSmall=ladcwEMliRJiV9SqbQilxA==, figureFileBig=4GqM1s5ofJOfLqfiwrVdYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123064257618084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=CN, label=图2, caption=网格数量-爆炸压力曲线, figureFileSmall=ladcwEMliRJiV9SqbQilxA==, figureFileBig=4GqM1s5ofJOfLqfiwrVdYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123064324726949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Obstacles in different locations (Case 7,10-12), figureFileSmall=pgtbVvVlA8rmfl4CB0XL6A==, figureFileBig=e+dPmGTkAcCYw3f2lHC8Vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123064400224422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同位置障碍物(工况7、10—12), figureFileSmall=pgtbVvVlA8rmfl4CB0XL6A==, figureFileBig=e+dPmGTkAcCYw3f2lHC8Vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123064467333287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Range of damage to personnel from gas cloud explosions of different sizes, figureFileSmall=GDMv6bg0P93aHqZVDaoC8g==, figureFileBig=Uojpqmn9KidlOLyMIL9btA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123064601551016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同尺寸气云爆炸时人员的伤亡范围, figureFileSmall=GDMv6bg0P93aHqZVDaoC8g==, figureFileBig=Uojpqmn9KidlOLyMIL9btA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123064668659881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Range of damage to buildings from gas cloud explosions of different sizes, figureFileSmall=Vbv6ylth0BAMUv+xRgd7xw==, figureFileBig=MYBG0KxdRbe+RltJiMeNHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123064744157354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同尺寸气云爆炸时建筑物的毁坏范围, figureFileSmall=Vbv6ylth0BAMUv+xRgd7xw==, figureFileBig=MYBG0KxdRbe+RltJiMeNHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123064798683307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Explosion pressure-time curves for different ignition positions, figureFileSmall=PKAPc47RtB/Ct7lLnExRoA==, figureFileBig=2si27HZhiP7lUYPHI1jRYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123064865792172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同点火位置爆炸压力-时间曲线, figureFileSmall=PKAPc47RtB/Ct7lLnExRoA==, figureFileBig=2si27HZhiP7lUYPHI1jRYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123064932901037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Methane mass fraction curves for different ignition positions, figureFileSmall=CsIKaWqsDCcZrkmNSWD2kw==, figureFileBig=9pVsIoJR52IJovsb2KOLTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123064991621294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同点火位置甲烷质量分数曲线, figureFileSmall=CsIKaWqsDCcZrkmNSWD2kw==, figureFileBig=9pVsIoJR52IJovsb2KOLTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123065058730159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Z=2.1m,flame shapes at different ignition positions, figureFileSmall=T6EI7n65C2Ymoq67pzhIQg==, figureFileBig=btV+OBC5wyKnQk98UC3AKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123065151004848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=CN, label=图8, caption=Z=2.1m,不同点火位置火焰形状, figureFileSmall=T6EI7n65C2Ymoq67pzhIQg==, figureFileBig=btV+OBC5wyKnQk98UC3AKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123065201336497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Pressure-time curves for different positions of obstacle (M8), figureFileSmall=4xHu6UXAGa+qMymbn3QmhA==, figureFileBig=uHos5KeXrUit0pzMFwK/Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123065268445362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同障碍物位置压力-时间曲线(M8), figureFileSmall=4xHu6UXAGa+qMymbn3QmhA==, figureFileBig=uHos5KeXrUit0pzMFwK/Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123065343942835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Pressure-time curves for different window conditions (M1), figureFileSmall=SbxecdfLiQ+QuOwPqyCIuA==, figureFileBig=kVYlqlHZsaXM8QQnueK0qA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123065402663092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=CN, label=图10, caption=窗户不同状态下压力-时间曲线(M1), figureFileSmall=SbxecdfLiQ+QuOwPqyCIuA==, figureFileBig=kVYlqlHZsaXM8QQnueK0qA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123065524297909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Z=2.1m,flame shapes with windows open and closed (Case 17-18), figureFileSmall=CuvzJE9nKYcILnzpfaHDvA==, figureFileBig=N4z4hJzcDGAa8c5dMm4GDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123065608183990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=CN, label=图11, caption=Z=2.1m,窗户开/闭时的火焰形状(工况17—18), figureFileSmall=CuvzJE9nKYcILnzpfaHDvA==, figureFileBig=N4z4hJzcDGAa8c5dMm4GDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168123065704652983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Coordinate monitoring points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
楼层 监测点 坐标
一层 M10 (2.51,5.11,5.21)
M11 (6.01,5.11,5.21)
M12 (6.01,8.11,5.21)
二层 M13 (6.01,6.11,8.21)
), ArticleFig(id=1168123065767567544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

监测点坐标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
楼层 监测点 坐标
一层 M10 (2.51,5.11,5.21)
M11 (6.01,5.11,5.21)
M12 (6.01,8.11,5.21)
二层 M13 (6.01,6.11,8.21)
), ArticleFig(id=1168123065855647929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Gas cloud explosion simulation scenarios

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况
编号
气云尺寸:
长×宽×高/
m×m×m
气云覆盖区域 点火坐标 障碍物
形状
障碍物
位置
障碍物尺寸:长×宽×高/m×m×m
1 1.8×1.8×1.8 厨房局域 (1.91,2.11,2.11) 无障碍物
2 3×2.5×1.8 厨房顶部
所有区域
3 4×4×1.8 厨房顶部
所有区域、
通风井和
客厅部分区域
4 6×5×1.8 厨房顶部
所有区域、
通风井和
客厅顶部局域
5 (5.91,1.97,2.11)
6 (5.91,4.51,2.11)
7 (1.91,2.11,2.11) 长方体 位置1 1.3×1.5×1.2
8 正方体 1.4×1.4×1.2
9 圆柱体 圆柱体直径d=1.58,高度h=1.2
10 长方体 位置2 1.3×1.5×1.2
11 位置3
12 位置4
13 位置1 0.7×0.9×0.5
14 0.9×1.1×0.5
15 1.1×1.3×0.5
16 1.3×1.5×0.5
17 无障碍物
18
), ArticleFig(id=1168123065939534010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

气云爆炸模拟工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况
编号
气云尺寸:
长×宽×高/
m×m×m
气云覆盖区域 点火坐标 障碍物
形状
障碍物
位置
障碍物尺寸:长×宽×高/m×m×m
1 1.8×1.8×1.8 厨房局域 (1.91,2.11,2.11) 无障碍物
2 3×2.5×1.8 厨房顶部
所有区域
3 4×4×1.8 厨房顶部
所有区域、
通风井和
客厅部分区域
4 6×5×1.8 厨房顶部
所有区域、
通风井和
客厅顶部局域
5 (5.91,1.97,2.11)
6 (5.91,4.51,2.11)
7 (1.91,2.11,2.11) 长方体 位置1 1.3×1.5×1.2
8 正方体 1.4×1.4×1.2
9 圆柱体 圆柱体直径d=1.58,高度h=1.2
10 长方体 位置2 1.3×1.5×1.2
11 位置3
12 位置4
13 位置1 0.7×0.9×0.5
14 0.9×1.1×0.5
15 1.1×1.3×0.5
16 1.3×1.5×0.5
17 无障碍物
18
), ArticleFig(id=1168123066027614395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Influence of obstacle shape on peak pressure at each monitoring point kPa

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点 截面形状
长方形 正方形 圆形
M1 44.28 45.45 44.13
M2 43.72 45.15 43.72
M3 43.85 45.24 43.76
M4 43.81 44.91 43.47
M5 43.73 44.98 43.36
M6 44.54 46.06 43.91
M7 46.24 48.05 46.16
M8 52.94 57.11 51.25
M9 49.37 53.03 48.00
M10 15.58 15.82 15.64
M11 3.20 3.26 3.21
M12 2.96 3.02 2.97
M13 0.33 0.34 0.34
), ArticleFig(id=1168123066174415036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

障碍物形状对各监测点压力峰值的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点 截面形状
长方形 正方形 圆形
M1 44.28 45.45 44.13
M2 43.72 45.15 43.72
M3 43.85 45.24 43.76
M4 43.81 44.91 43.47
M5 43.73 44.98 43.36
M6 44.54 46.06 43.91
M7 46.24 48.05 46.16
M8 52.94 57.11 51.25
M9 49.37 53.03 48.00
M10 15.58 15.82 15.64
M11 3.20 3.26 3.21
M12 2.96 3.02 2.97
M13 0.33 0.34 0.34
), ArticleFig(id=1168123066346381501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Influence of obstacle position on peak pressure at each monitoring point kPa

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点 障碍物位置
1号
位置
2号
位置
3号
位置
4号
位置
无障
碍物
M1 44.28 39.11 37.62 37.83 37.37
M2 43.72 38.85 37.40 37.43 37.05
M3 43.85 38.83 37.34 37.40 37.03
M4 43.81 38.68 37.22 37.24 36.89
M5 43.73 38.77 37.23 37.20 36.89
M6 44.54 38.95 37.56 37.67 37.40
M7 46.24 40.01 38.51 38.16 38.06
M8 52.94 43.64 42.32 42.05 41.90
M9 49.37 41.09 39.93 39.63 39.45
M10 15.58 15.67 15.77 15.73 15.65
M11 3.20 3.19 3.22 3.22 3.20
M12 2.96 2.96 2.99 2.98 2.96
M13 0.33 0.27 0.30 0.28 0.30
), ArticleFig(id=1168123066447044798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

障碍物位置对各监测点压力峰值的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点 障碍物位置
1号
位置
2号
位置
3号
位置
4号
位置
无障
碍物
M1 44.28 39.11 37.62 37.83 37.37
M2 43.72 38.85 37.40 37.43 37.05
M3 43.85 38.83 37.34 37.40 37.03
M4 43.81 38.68 37.22 37.24 36.89
M5 43.73 38.77 37.23 37.20 36.89
M6 44.54 38.95 37.56 37.67 37.40
M7 46.24 40.01 38.51 38.16 38.06
M8 52.94 43.64 42.32 42.05 41.90
M9 49.37 41.09 39.93 39.63 39.45
M10 15.58 15.67 15.77 15.73 15.65
M11 3.20 3.19 3.22 3.22 3.20
M12 2.96 2.96 2.99 2.98 2.96
M13 0.33 0.27 0.30 0.28 0.30
), ArticleFig(id=1168123066660954303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Influence of obstacle size on peak pressure at each monitoring point kPa

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点 截面尺寸/m×m
1.5×1.3 1.3×1.1 1.1×0.9 0.9×0.7
M1 44.53 44.12 42.87 39.72
M2 44.10 43.79 42.27 39.49
M3 44.40 44.03 42.19 39.42
M4 43.97 43.67 41.91 39.33
M5 44.00 43.80 42.10 39.40
M6 44.69 44.41 42.98 39.78
M7 46.88 46.35 44.56 40.84
M8 60.49 56.70 49.73 43.69
M9 56.60 53.69 47.78 41.28
M10 15.95 15.72 15.65 15.62
M11 3.38 3.27 3.21 3.19
M12 3.05 2.99 2.97 2.96
M13 0.42 0.36 0.33 0.29
), ArticleFig(id=1168123066770006208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

障碍物尺寸对各监测点压力峰值的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点 截面尺寸/m×m
1.5×1.3 1.3×1.1 1.1×0.9 0.9×0.7
M1 44.53 44.12 42.87 39.72
M2 44.10 43.79 42.27 39.49
M3 44.40 44.03 42.19 39.42
M4 43.97 43.67 41.91 39.33
M5 44.00 43.80 42.10 39.40
M6 44.69 44.41 42.98 39.78
M7 46.88 46.35 44.56 40.84
M8 60.49 56.70 49.73 43.69
M9 56.60 53.69 47.78 41.28
M10 15.95 15.72 15.65 15.62
M11 3.38 3.27 3.21 3.19
M12 3.05 2.99 2.97 2.96
M13 0.42 0.36 0.33 0.29
), ArticleFig(id=1168123066853892289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Peak pressure at each monitoring point in underground unventilated and traditional kitchens kPa

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点 窗户状态
暗厨房 窗户关闭 窗户打开
M1 37.37 26.29 15.23
M2 37.05 26.56 16.27
M3 37.03 26.73 16.06
M4 36.89 26.31 15.91
M5 36.89 26.36 16.51
M6 37.4 27.94 16.89
M7 38.06 29.41 17.95
M8 41.9 32.41 23.06
M9 39.45 30.08 20.80
M10 15.65 12.87 9.16
M11 3.2 2.85 2.57
M12 2.96 2.64 2.29
M13 0.3 0.32 0.15
), ArticleFig(id=1168123066921001154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816532091772, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

地下暗厨房与传统厨房内各监测点压力峰值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点 窗户状态
暗厨房 窗户关闭 窗户打开
M1 37.37 26.29 15.23
M2 37.05 26.56 16.27
M3 37.03 26.73 16.06
M4 36.89 26.31 15.91
M5 36.89 26.36 16.51
M6 37.4 27.94 16.89
M7 38.06 29.41 17.95
M8 41.9 32.41 23.06
M9 39.45 30.08 20.80
M10 15.65 12.87 9.16
M11 3.2 2.85 2.57
M12 2.96 2.64 2.29
M13 0.3 0.32 0.15
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基于FLACS的地下暗厨房燃气爆炸数值模拟
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彭善碧 1 , 李薇 1 , 唐平 2
中国安全科学学报 | 公共安全 2024,34(1): 215-222
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中国安全科学学报 | 公共安全 2024, 34(1): 215-222
基于FLACS的地下暗厨房燃气爆炸数值模拟
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彭善碧1 , 李薇1, 唐平2
作者信息
  • 1 西南石油大学 土木工程与测绘学院,四川 成都 610500
  • 2 中国石油西南油气田公司 集输工程技术研究所,四川 成都 610095
  • 彭善碧 (1980—),女,土家族,重庆人,硕士,教授,主要从事燃气负荷智能预测与燃气安全智能管控等方面的研究。E-mail:

Numerical simulation of gas explosion in underground unventilated kitchen based on FLACS
Shanbi PENG1 , Wei LI1, Ping TANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu Sichuan 610500,China
  • 2 Research Institute of Gathering and Transportation Engineering of PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company,Chengdu Sichuan 610095,China
出版时间: 2024-01-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.0275
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为更好地按抗爆要求设计地下暗厨房,利用FLACS软件建立含地下暗厨房的某民用建筑有限元模型,研究气云尺寸、点火位置、障碍物的形状以及位置和尺寸对燃气爆炸压力的影响,并根据数值模拟结果确定爆炸对暗厨房结构的损伤程度。研究表明:在暗厨房中,随着气云尺寸增大,爆炸对建筑物损坏程度也加大。点火位置在厨房、通风井和客厅时,压力峰值分别为41.9、19.5和3.25 kPa。障碍物的存在会使爆炸产生更大的压力,障碍物截面形状为正方形时的压力峰值远大于圆形和长方形;障碍物越靠近点火位置,压力峰值越大;随着障碍物截面尺寸增加,压力峰值不断升高,电梯区域附近压力峰值上升幅度最大。地下暗厨房燃气爆炸产生的冲击波对地上空间影响大于传统厨房。

FLACS  /  地下暗厨房  /  燃气爆炸  /  数值模拟  /  压力峰值  /  点火位置  /  障碍物

In order to optimize the anti-explosion design of an underground unventilated kitchen,the finite element model of a house with an underground unventilated kitchen was established in FLACS software. Based on this model,the effect of gas cloud size,ignition position,shape of obstacle,position,and size of obstacle on gas explosion pressure was investigated. The extent of explosion damage to the unventilated kitchen structure was obtained according to simulation results. The results show that when the gas cloud size increases in the unventilated kitchen,the explosion damage to the building is more severe. The maximum pressure peak values are 41.9,19.5,and 3.25 kPa when ignition is in the kitchen,ventilation shaft,and living room. When an obstacle exists,a greater amount of pressure is generated. The peak pressure is much higher when the obstacle cross-section shape is square than when it is circular and rectangular. The closer the obstacle is to the ignition position,the more intense the pressure peak. With the increase in the obstacle section size,the peak pressure increases continuously. The greatest rise in peak pressure is near the elevator. Shock waves from gas explosions in unventilated kitchens have a greater impact on the floor space than in traditional kitchens.

FLACS  /  underground unventilated kitchen  /  gas explosion  /  numerical simulation  /  peak pressure  /  ignition position  /  obstacles
彭善碧, 李薇, 唐平. 基于FLACS的地下暗厨房燃气爆炸数值模拟. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (1) : 215 -222 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.0275
Shanbi PENG, Wei LI, Ping TANG. Numerical simulation of gas explosion in underground unventilated kitchen based on FLACS[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (1) : 215 -222 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.0275
据统计[1],2021年全国共发生燃气事故1 140起,其中居民用户事故610起,死亡48人,受伤390人。由于居民区地下空间通风效果差,燃气泄漏不宜察觉,燃气事故[2]更为严重,这一问题已引起学者的关注[3-4]
目前分析地下空间燃气泄漏爆炸常用的方法包括数值模拟和试验研究,例如:王秋红[5]和MISHRA[6]等采用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)软件模拟了埋地管道内燃气泄漏和爆炸过程,结果表明:热辐射是造成人员伤亡的主要原因。为定量评估城镇燃气管网泄漏爆炸事故风险,王轶宏等[7]提出一种网格化的风险评估方法。李昂等[8]应用FLUENT软件建立了管道系统,用以模拟煤矿井瓦斯爆炸,研究发现,设置泄爆门对冲击波有衰减作用,但对火焰温度无影响。ZHANG Shuhao等[9]利用FLACS软件模拟研究了城市综合管廊燃气舱内甲烷-氢气混合物的爆炸过程,发现气云的长度和高度对爆炸压力的影响大于气云质量的影响。WANG Dan等[10]通过试验研究了污水管道内水位高度和水流速率对甲烷扩散的影响特征。
以上研究主要集中在埋地管线、煤矿井和城市综合管廊,尚未见居民住宅地下暗厨房燃气泄漏爆炸研究。因此,笔者将采用FLACS软件模拟成都市某民用建筑地下暗厨房中预混燃气云爆炸过程,研究不同点火位置、不同障碍物尺寸、形状和位置下的燃气爆炸,为居民区域地下暗厨房燃气事故的防治提供理论依据。
FLACS软件模拟受限空间甲烷-空气预混可燃云爆炸已被试验验证[11-12],因此,本文也利用FLACS建立层高为3m的3层民用建筑有限元模型,房间内部不设置障碍物,假设所有门窗敞开。建筑地下一层洗衣房被私自整改为厨房,厨房无窗户,这一层还包括通风井、客厅和电梯,并设9个监测点(M1—M9),布局如图1所示,其中通风井部分被遮挡,仅留一扇较窄窗户自然通风。
为研究燃气爆炸对建筑的影响情况,除负一层设9个监测点外(位置如图1所示),地上一层设 3个监测点、二层设1个监测点,其坐标见表1。所有方向设为Euler边界,特征速度和相对湍流强度为0;温度为20℃,大气压为101.325 kPa。
网格数量分别为513 000、709 128、1 001 100和 1 504 656 时,监测点M1、M12和M13的爆炸压力值如图2所示。可以看出,除513 000外,其他3种网格数量下3个监测点的压力几乎相同。为保证数值模拟结果的准确性,并降低计算成本,将网格数量设为1 001 100。
不考虑燃气泄漏过程,假设负一层气云为均匀分布的立方体甲烷-空气混合气体(甲烷体积分数为9.5%);考虑气云尺寸、点火位置、障碍物形状、位置和尺寸的变化,数值模拟工况见表2。该建筑燃气泄漏为地下暗厨房,无窗户自然通风。根据文献[13]的分析结果可知:无风时厨房内燃气泄漏 2 500s 后,气云分布在1.2m处泄漏孔附近及上方区域。因此,在距地板1.2m处设置高1.8m的 4种尺寸气云(工况1—4)。假设气云被厨房中老化的插座短路所产生的电火花点燃。燃气泄漏后,可能在室内任意位置被点燃,因此,工况4—6研究点火位置对爆炸压力的影响。考虑不同形状、尺寸且摆放于不同位置的家具,工况7—9研究相同体积的不同截面形状障碍物对爆炸压力的影响;工况7、10—12研究障碍物位置对爆炸压力的影响,障碍物摆放位置如图3所示。工况13—16研究长方体障碍物尺寸对爆炸压力的影响。为对比地下暗厨房与传统厨房在相同情况下的爆炸特性,建立窗户尺寸为0.9m×1.5m的传统厨房模型,窗户采用4mm浮法玻璃,窗户开启压力为7.3 kPa,工况17和18分别模拟窗户关闭和打开时气云爆炸。
根据FLACS模拟结果,在气云中心高度平面处,采用爆炸压力准则[14]研究不同尺寸气云爆炸对人员及钢筋混凝土建筑物的损伤范围。气云尺寸为1.8m×1.8m×1.8m和3m×2.5m×1.8m时爆炸压力较低,不存在人员伤亡区域。工况3—4的人员伤亡范围如图4所示,工况3的轻伤区为负一层电梯及其相邻房间,工况4的轻伤区为楼梯区域,其他区域为中伤区(压力30~ 50 kPa),中伤区人员将会出现内伤和耳聋[14]图5为各工况下建筑物的损坏情况,工况2的轻度毁坏区为电梯及其相邻房间,工况3的轻度毁坏区为整个负一层,工况4的轻度毁坏区为楼梯区域,其他区域为中度毁坏区。随着气云尺寸的增大,建筑物被破坏的范围越广,损伤程度越严重。由于压力峰值(p)与气云体积的1/3次方(V1/3)正相关,气云体积越大,压力峰值越高[15-16];气云覆盖的障碍物越多,气云湍流越剧烈,火焰阵面传播更迅速,压力峰值更大。
由于建筑内部空间有限,压力传播至部分监测点的时间远小于爆炸压力的上升时间,导致部分监测点压力-时间曲线重合。因此,仅分析M1、M8—M11、M13的压力-时间曲线,如图6所示。发现点火位置在厨房、通风井和客厅时压力峰值都出现在电梯区域(M8),分别为41.9、19.5和3.25 kPa,且厨房中M1的压力值都略小于电梯区域。在通风井点火时,M1的压力发生震荡,如图6b所示。这是由于靠近泄爆口点火时声学震荡导致压力震荡,这与文献[17]观察到的现象一致。工况4—6中地上一层的压力峰值都出现在M10,分别为15.6、13.5和1.7 kPa;地上二层爆炸压力值(M13)都趋于0。
不同点火位置爆炸压力峰值差异大的原因是通风井和客厅点火时厨房燃气云未完全燃烧,如图7b图7c所示。不同点火位置的气云爆炸在压力峰值时刻的火焰形状如图8所示,点火位置位于厨房时,湍流最剧烈;在客厅点火时,冲击波向电梯区域传播过程中无门窗等障碍物阻挡,冲击波遇外界约束发生的反射作用小,因此爆炸压力值低。
障碍物截面为长方形、正方形和圆形时爆炸压力峰值(M8)分别为52.94、57.11和51.25 kPa,见表3。障碍物截面为正方形时各监测点压力峰值均大于截面为长方形和圆形。是由于正方形截面障碍物棱角多,导致气云湍流更强,因此,爆炸压力更大。障碍物截面为长方形时负一层监测点(M1—M9)的压力都略大于截面为圆形,但地上一层(M10—M12)和二层压力(M13)相较于截面为圆形时略小。
障碍物依次位于1号、2号、3号和4号位置时爆炸压力峰值分别为52.94、43.64、42.32和42.05 kPa,见表4,障碍物越靠近点火位置,压力峰值越大。图9为障碍物位于不同位置时M8的压力-时间曲线,发现4种工况的压力几乎同时达到峰值,障碍物位置对爆炸压力上升速率影响小。无障碍物和存在障碍物的爆炸反应时间约为0.91和0.87s,障碍物的存在加剧了燃气爆炸。相较于无障碍物,障碍物位于1号和4号位置时压力峰值升高了11 和0.15 kPa,障碍物距离点火位置越远,压力峰值上升幅度也在减小。
障碍物截面尺寸为1.5×1.3、1.3×1.1、1.1×0.9和0.9m×0.7m时M8的压力峰值分别为60.49、56.70、49.73和43.69 kPa,见表5。随着障碍物尺寸增大,各监测点压力值也逐渐增大,其中电梯区域附近监测点(M7、M8)的压力增加幅度最大。
地下暗厨房(工况4)、传统厨房窗户关闭和打开(工况17和18)的爆炸压力峰值都出现在M8,见表6,分别为41.9、32.41和23.06 kPa。工况18中位于地上一层的M10的压力值为9.16 kPa,相较于工况4降低了6.49 kPa。地下暗厨房爆炸产生的冲击波对负一层和地上一层影响更大,但3种工况对地上二层影响都很小。
M1的压力-时间曲线如图10所示。可以看出,地下暗厨房爆炸压力最早达到峰值,然后依次是传统厨房窗户关闭和打开工况。工况4和17在M1的压力-时间曲线在0.312s前完全重合,在0.312s后,窗户关闭下的压力-时间曲线先下降后持续上升,但爆炸压力上升速率小于地下暗厨房。是由于在0.312s时气云产生的爆炸压力达到厨房窗户的开启压力,窗户玻璃破碎,燃烧产物泄放到室外,如图11a所示,内部压力得到释放,从而抑制爆炸压力。地下暗厨房气云爆炸厨房内M1的压力峰值是厨房窗户打开工况压力峰值的2.46倍。
1) 燃气云尺寸增大,燃气爆炸对建筑物和人员的损伤范围不断扩大;不同尺寸气云爆炸压力峰值都出现在电梯附近。
2) 由数值模拟结果可知:点火位置在厨房、通风井、客厅时,气云爆炸压力峰值分别为41.9、19.5和3.25 kPa。点火位置在通风井和客厅时,厨房气云未被完全燃烧,有二次爆炸风险。
3) 障碍物截面为正方形时,气云湍流最剧烈,产生的压力峰值最大,其次是长方形和圆形。障碍物越靠近点火位置,对气云火焰传播的阻碍作用越明显,爆炸压力峰值也越大,压力峰值为52.94 kPa。障碍物截面尺寸越大,爆炸压力值也越大,障碍物截面尺寸为1.5m×1.3m时,爆炸压力峰值为60.49 kPa。
4) 地下暗厨房压力峰值比传统厨房窗户关闭和打开下高9.5和18.8 kPa;地下暗厨房爆炸产生的冲击波对地上一层影响大于传统厨房,其在M10的压力值比传统厨房窗户打开时高6.49 kPa。
  • 四川省自然科学基金资助(2023NSFSC0422)
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2024年第34卷第1期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.0275
  • 接收时间:2023-08-03
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-03
  • 修回日期:2023-11-09
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四川省自然科学基金资助(2023NSFSC0422)
作者信息
    1 西南石油大学 土木工程与测绘学院,四川 成都 610500
    2 中国石油西南油气田公司 集输工程技术研究所,四川 成都 610095
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