Article(id=1149741816121045352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149741815273800564, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)01-0171-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.2440, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691596800000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-10, revisedDate=1699804800000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049410133, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1706371200000, pubDateStr=2024-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049410133, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049410133, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049410133, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149741815273800564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752049409931, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756468937446, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1168278657316430156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149741815273800564, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1168278657316430157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149741815273800564, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=171, endPage=178, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149741816347537770, articleId=1149741816121045352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Study on catastrophe instability criterion of layered surrounding rock in tunnel under blasting, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to judge the stability of the surrounding rock in a tunnel under the blasting vibration and damage,the mechanics model was established according to the instability characteristics of the layered surrounding rock. Considering the blasting damage and vibration effect,the total potential energy equation and catastrophe instability criterion were established,and the stability evolution law of tunnel under blasting was analyzed. Taking Yaojia tunnel in Hunan of Shanghai-Kunming high-speed railway as an engineering background,the stability of the layered surrounding rock in the tunnel was analyzed. The results show that the necessary and sufficient condition for the catastrophe instability of layered surrounding rock in the tunnel satisfies the bifurcation equation,that is,when the mutation eigenvalue Δ≤0,the system may suffer catastrophe instability. The cumulative effect of blasting results in the continuous reduction of surrounding rock stiffness,and the increase of blasting charge aggravates the blasting vibration effect,both of which increase instability probability for stratified surrounding rock. The actual instability evaluation results are consistent with the construction site situation and monitoring results,which verifies the effectiveness of the instability criterion.

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为判断爆破振动与损伤作用下层状岩体隧道的围岩稳定性,根据层状围岩失稳特征建立隧道力学模型,考虑爆破损伤和振动效应,构建层状围岩隧道系统总势能方程和突变失稳判据,分析爆破作用下层状围岩稳定性演化规律;并以沪昆高铁湖南段姚家隧道为工程背景,分析层状围岩隧道稳定性。结果表明:层状围岩隧道发生突变失稳的充要条件是满足分岔集方程,即当突变特征值Δ≤0时系统可能发生突变失稳;爆破累积效应造成围岩刚度不断降低,爆破药量增加提高爆破振动效应,这些均导致层状围岩失稳概率增加;实际隧道失稳评价结果与施工现场情况、监测结果一致,验证了失稳判据的有效性。

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彭亚雄 (1990—),男,湖南宁乡人,博士,副教授,主要从事隧道与爆破工程等方面的研究。E-mail:

姚颖康,高级工程师

刘运思,副教授

左清军,副教授

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Rock acoustic wave velocity vi and damage variable D

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断面里程 计算
参数
累积爆破次数
0 5 10 15
DK380+837 vi/(m·s-1) 3 786 3 619 3 428 3 185
D 0 0.086 0.180 0.292
DK381+263 vi/(m·s-1) 3 931 3 770 3 584 3 347
D 0 0.080 0.169 0.275
DK384+029 vi/(m·s-1) 4 047 3 885 3 700 3 478
D 0 0.078 0.164 0.261
), ArticleFig(id=1168122946427039814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816121045352, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

围岩声波波速vi和损伤变量D

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
断面里程 计算
参数
累积爆破次数
0 5 10 15
DK380+837 vi/(m·s-1) 3 786 3 619 3 428 3 185
D 0 0.086 0.180 0.292
DK381+263 vi/(m·s-1) 3 931 3 770 3 584 3 347
D 0 0.080 0.169 0.275
DK384+029 vi/(m·s-1) 4 047 3 885 3 700 3 478
D 0 0.078 0.164 0.261
), ArticleFig(id=1168122946510925896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816121045352, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Physical & mechanical parameters and blasting parameters of surrounding rock

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断面里程 围岩物理力学参数 爆破与振动参数
γc/(kN·m-3) E0/GPa I l/m h/cm α/(°) τ/kPa c/MPa φ/(°) K ζ f/Hz Q/kg
DK380+837 26.4 35.58 0.01 5.2 5.0 32 60 0.20 26 179 1.42 25.5 22.6
DK381+263 25.3 32.52 0.01 5.1 5.0 41 50 0.22 26 256 1.80 21.3 23.8
DK384+029 26.8 34.87 0.01 4.9 5.0 62 55 0.21 26 209 1.54 26.4 24.2
), ArticleFig(id=1168122946594811978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741816121045352, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

围岩物理力学参数与爆破参数

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断面里程 围岩物理力学参数 爆破与振动参数
γc/(kN·m-3) E0/GPa I l/m h/cm α/(°) τ/kPa c/MPa φ/(°) K ζ f/Hz Q/kg
DK380+837 26.4 35.58 0.01 5.2 5.0 32 60 0.20 26 179 1.42 25.5 22.6
DK381+263 25.3 32.52 0.01 5.1 5.0 41 50 0.22 26 256 1.80 21.3 23.8
DK384+029 26.8 34.87 0.01 4.9 5.0 62 55 0.21 26 209 1.54 26.4 24.2
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爆破作用下层状围岩隧道突变失稳判据研究
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彭亚雄 1, 2 , 周子霈 1 , 姚颖康 2 , 刘运思 1 , 左清军 3
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(1): 171-178
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(1): 171-178
爆破作用下层状围岩隧道突变失稳判据研究
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彭亚雄1, 2 , 周子霈1, 姚颖康2, 刘运思1, 左清军3
作者信息
  • 1 湖南科技大学 岩土工程稳定控制与健康监测湖南省重点实验室,湖南 湘潭 411201
  • 2 江汉大学 省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430056
  • 3 三峡大学 防灾减灾湖北省重点实验室,湖北 宜昌 443002
  • 彭亚雄 (1990—),男,湖南宁乡人,博士,副教授,主要从事隧道与爆破工程等方面的研究。E-mail:

    姚颖康,高级工程师

    刘运思,副教授

    左清军,副教授

Study on catastrophe instability criterion of layered surrounding rock in tunnel under blasting
Yaxiong PENG1, 2 , Zipei ZHOU1, Yingkang YAO2, Yunsi LIU1, Qingjun ZUO3
Affiliations
  • 1 Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering for Stability Control and Health Monitoring,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan Hunan 411201,China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting,Jianghan University,Wuhan Hubei 4300561,China
  • 3 Hubei Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,China Three Gorges University,Yichang Hubei 443002,China
出版时间: 2024-01-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.2440
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为判断爆破振动与损伤作用下层状岩体隧道的围岩稳定性,根据层状围岩失稳特征建立隧道力学模型,考虑爆破损伤和振动效应,构建层状围岩隧道系统总势能方程和突变失稳判据,分析爆破作用下层状围岩稳定性演化规律;并以沪昆高铁湖南段姚家隧道为工程背景,分析层状围岩隧道稳定性。结果表明:层状围岩隧道发生突变失稳的充要条件是满足分岔集方程,即当突变特征值Δ≤0时系统可能发生突变失稳;爆破累积效应造成围岩刚度不断降低,爆破药量增加提高爆破振动效应,这些均导致层状围岩失稳概率增加;实际隧道失稳评价结果与施工现场情况、监测结果一致,验证了失稳判据的有效性。

爆破作用  /  层状围岩隧道  /  失稳判据  /  突变理论  /  稳定性

In order to judge the stability of the surrounding rock in a tunnel under the blasting vibration and damage,the mechanics model was established according to the instability characteristics of the layered surrounding rock. Considering the blasting damage and vibration effect,the total potential energy equation and catastrophe instability criterion were established,and the stability evolution law of tunnel under blasting was analyzed. Taking Yaojia tunnel in Hunan of Shanghai-Kunming high-speed railway as an engineering background,the stability of the layered surrounding rock in the tunnel was analyzed. The results show that the necessary and sufficient condition for the catastrophe instability of layered surrounding rock in the tunnel satisfies the bifurcation equation,that is,when the mutation eigenvalue Δ≤0,the system may suffer catastrophe instability. The cumulative effect of blasting results in the continuous reduction of surrounding rock stiffness,and the increase of blasting charge aggravates the blasting vibration effect,both of which increase instability probability for stratified surrounding rock. The actual instability evaluation results are consistent with the construction site situation and monitoring results,which verifies the effectiveness of the instability criterion.

blasting effect  /  layered surrounding rock tunnel  /  instability criterion  /  catastrophe theory  /  stability
彭亚雄, 周子霈, 姚颖康, 刘运思, 左清军. 爆破作用下层状围岩隧道突变失稳判据研究. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (1) : 171 -178 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.2440
Yaxiong PENG, Zipei ZHOU, Yingkang YAO, Yunsi LIU, Qingjun ZUO. Study on catastrophe instability criterion of layered surrounding rock in tunnel under blasting[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (1) : 171 -178 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.2440
层状岩体是自然界中广泛分布的含有宏观层理的非连续介质[1]。层状岩体特殊的层理构造,使其具有显著的各向异性特征,层理面易发生弯曲、拉伸及剪切破坏,对隧道围岩稳定性有重大影响[2]。层状围岩隧道爆破开挖过程中,爆炸应力波使层状岩体发生初始劣化开裂,爆生气体导致层状岩体的层理面、裂隙在准静态和动态压力下张开与扩展,极易导致围岩破坏失稳,给施工带来极大隐患。
为确保隧道施工过程层状围岩保持稳定,国内学者开展了大量研究。夏彬伟等[3]研究了隧道层状围岩的应力分布特征与破坏过程,发现随着荷载增加,围岩呈现偏压破坏模式。温建永[4]分析了层状岩体隧道病害特征与原因,提出了病害段的整治方法和施工控制措施。黄智刚等[5]探讨了富水板岩的软化机制,构建了板岩非线性软化力学模型。王登科等[6]利用离散元数值方法分析了岩层倾角影响的层状岩体隧道围岩变形规律。爆破损伤和振动效应对层状围岩隧道施工稳定性影响极大。吴亮等[7]建立了既有层状围岩隧道迎爆侧最危险点的简化力学模型,分析了隧道半径与岩层厚度比、岩层倾角和隧道埋深等因素对隧道围岩稳定性的影响。MA Longhao等[8]分析了爆破作用下层状岩体应力波传播、裂纹扩展和断裂模式,探讨了不同爆破工况下围岩渐进破坏过程。
层状岩体隧道的内鼓破坏形式十分常见,其破坏表现出突变特征,属于几何非线性稳定问题。突变理论作为非线性问题的重要分析手段,已经应用于层状岩体稳定性研究。姜永东[9]和穆成林[10]等采用突变理论,分别建立了层状岩体弯折破坏失稳模型和层状边坡失稳的燕尾突变模型,应用于实际工程稳定性评价并取得较好效果。已有研究成果分析了考虑层理特征的隧道围岩稳定性问题,获得了围岩变形特征和失稳判据。但现有成果均罕有分析爆破反复作用隧道围岩稳定性,没有推导考虑爆破作用的围岩失稳判据。
鉴于此,笔者拟在研究考虑层状围岩隧道力学模型基础上,考虑爆破损伤效应和爆破振动效应,推导层状围岩隧道突变失稳判据,并应用于工程实践,以期为隧道围岩失稳分析与控制提供理论依据。
层状岩体隧道进行爆破施工,爆破应力波和地震波作用下层状岩体易发生弯折内鼓破坏,进而引起隧道失稳。对于隧道层状围岩,各层岩体的长度与宽度远大于厚度,可将其变形破坏问题简化为简支梁的稳定性问题[11]。岩梁弯曲变形中间最大,向两侧逐渐减少。根据文献[12],层状围岩的简化力学模型如图1所示。图中:l为岩梁长度,m;h为厚度,m;b为宽度,m,取值1;α为岩层角度,(°);E为弹性模量,GPa;σ1为垂直地应力,MPa;σ2为水平地应力,MPa。上覆围岩压力及岩梁自重的分布集度q=γc×h,kN/m2,其中,γc为岩体重度,kN/m3。F为岩梁承受横向作用力,kN,其计算公式如下[12]:
F = [ q s i n α - ( c + q c o s α t a n φ ) ] l
式中:c为岩体黏聚力,MPa;φ为岩体内摩擦角,(°)。
根据层状围岩的简化力学模型,岩梁弯曲的扰度曲线可假定为:
y = u 2 1 - c o s 2 π x l
式中ux=l/2处的扰度。
1) 爆破损伤效应。爆破反复作用将对层状围岩产生累积损伤,引入损伤变量D修正层状围岩力学参数。光面爆破是隧道施工的常用方法[13],根据文献[14],假定光面爆破前后围岩密度ρ和泊松比ν近似相等,则有:
D = 1 - ( v i / v 0 ) 2 = 1 - E e / E 0
式中:vi为不同爆破次数后岩体的纵波波速,m/s,其中,i为爆破次数[15];v0为爆破前岩体的纵波波速,m/s;Ee为爆破后等效弹性模量,GPa;E0为初始弹性模量,GPa。
2) 爆破振动效应。为简化计算,将爆破振动等效为静荷载,其经验公式[16]:
F B = 2 π M · f · β F · K Q 1 / 3 R ζ
式中:FB为爆破等效静力,N;M为岩体质量,kg;f为主频,Hz;βF为等效静力系数,取0.2~0.3,岩体结构面发育取小值;Q为单段最大药量,kg;R为爆心距,m;Kζ为振动衰减的地质系数。其中,fKζ通过现场振动测试和数据拟合得到,说明了上式的正确性与工程实用性。
根据1.1节中建立的力学模型,层状围岩隧道系统的总势能方程由以下部分组成:
1) 岩梁弯折变形的累积弹性应变能V1:
V 1 = 1 2 0 l M ( x ) d θ
式中:M(x)为距岩梁脚部为x处的力矩;dθ为岩梁弯曲弧度,可分别表示为:
d θ = M ( x ) E I d s M ( x ) = E I y
式中:I为岩梁惯性矩,I=bh3/12,取b=1; d s = 1 + ( y ' ) 2 d x 1 + 0.5 ( y ' ) 2
将式(1)和式(2)代入式(4)可得:
V 1 = 1 2 0 l E I ( y ) 2 d s = 1 2 0 l E I ( y ) 2 1 + ( y ' ) 2 d x = ( 1 - D ) E 0 I l 8 π l 6 u 4 + ( 1 - D ) E 0 I l π l 4 u 2
2) 岩梁横向作用力做功V2:
V 2 = 1 2 F 0 l ( y ' ) 2 d x = F l 4 π l 2 u 2
3) 上覆岩体作用力做功V3:
V 3 = 1 2 0 l q ( l - x ) ( y ' ) 2 s i n α d x + 0 l q y c o s α d x = q l 2 8 π l 2 s i n α · u 2 + q l c o s α · u
4) 围岩层间剪应力做功V4:
V 4 = 1 2 τ 0 l ( y ' ) 2 d x = τ l 4 π l 2 u 2
式中:τ为岩体层间极限剪应力,kPa,与相邻岩体的压应力和层间接触与摩擦力有关。根据文献[17],岩体层间剪应力极限公式:
τ = ( σ s κ + c s ) 2 h · l
式中:σs为相邻岩层压应力,kPa;cs为层间接触面黏聚力,MPa;κ为层间摩擦因子。
5) 爆破振动势能V5:
V 5 = 1 2 F B 0 l ( y ' ) 2 d x = F B l 4 π l 2 u 2
系统总势能方程V为:
V = V 1 - V 2 - V 3 + V 4 - V 5
将式(5)—式(12)代入式(13)可得:
V = ( 1 - D ) E 0 I l 8 π l 6 u 4 + 1 4 4 ( 1 - D ) E 0 I l π l 4 - F l π l 2 - q l 2 2 π l 2 s i n α + τ l π l 2 - F B l π l 2 u 2 - q l c o s α · u
尖点突变模型具有高阶模型的滞后、发散性态;由于计算模式简单,能够抽象出失稳性状,应用最为广泛。该模型描述突变过程,采用了具有折叠翼缘结构的平衡曲面[18]。平衡曲面下叶为层状围岩失稳的孕育过程,即围岩损伤劣化过程,属于准稳定状态;上叶为层状围岩失稳后的再次稳定状态;中叶则表示层状围岩不稳定状态。
根据尖点突变理论,对层状围岩隧道的系统总势能方程进行变量代换,推导其尖点突变的标准型式,令:
x = ( 1 - D ) E 0 I l 2 π l 6 1 / 4 u
a = 1 2 4 ( 1 - D ) E 0 I l π l 4 - F l π l 2 - q l 2 2 π l 2 s i n α + τ l π l 2 - F B l π l 2 · ( 1 - D ) E 0 I l 2 π l 6 - 1 / 2
b = - q l c o s α · ( 1 - D ) E 0 I l 2 π l 6 - 1 / 4
ab为控制变量,x为状态变量的尖点突变的标准形式:
V = 1 4 x 4 + 1 2 a x 2 + b x
对式(18)求导,并令其为0。得到所有平衡点组成的平衡曲面方程,也表示力的平-衡条件:
V ' = x 3 + a x + b = 0
奇点集可表示为:
V = 3 x 2 + a = 0
由式(20)得到系统的分岔集方程:
Δ = 4 a 3 + 27 b 2 = 0
式中Δ为突变特征值。
满足分岔集方程是隧道突变失稳的充要条件,即式(21)。Δ=0表示系统处于突变失稳的临界状态;Δ<0系统发生突变失稳;Δ>0为稳定状态。因此,推导出层状围岩隧道失稳的充要力学条件为:
4 ( 1 - D ) E 0 I π l 2 - F - F B + τ l - q l 2 s i n α 3 + 27 4 q 2 · ( 1 - D ) E 0 I = 0
由式(21)可知:Δ中27b2≥0恒成立,仅4a3≤0可满足Δ<0,则隧道失稳的必要条件为
F F d = 4 ( 1 - D ) E 0 I π l 2 - F B - q l 2 s i n α + τ l
式中Fd为围岩计算抗力,当FFd时,围岩可能发生失稳。
由式(23)可知:爆破作用对层状围岩稳定性的影响主要反映在损伤变量D和爆破作用力FB,即爆破损伤效应和爆破振动效应影响。
1) 爆破损伤效应。为探讨爆破损伤效应的影响规律,假定层状围岩物理力学和爆破参数:I=0.01m4l=5m、q=10 kN/m、α=30°、τ=55 kPa、c=0.2MPa、φ=26°、FB=400 kN,E0分别取15、25、35 GPa,代入式(1)和式(23),得到岩梁承受横向作用力F和不同损伤变量D条件下计算抗力Fd的变化曲线,如图2所示。
图2可知:初始弹性模量E0越大,围岩初始计算抗力Fd也越大,围岩越稳定。随着爆破次数增加,损伤变量D值逐渐增大,围岩的计算抗力Fd呈线性降低,发生失稳的可能性增加;当Fd<F时,表明隧道围岩可能发生破坏。说明反复爆破的累积损伤效应导致围岩刚度降低,层状围岩失稳可能性增加。
2)爆破振动效应。为分析爆破振动对围岩失稳的影响,假定层状围岩物理力学参数:E0=20 GPa、 I=0.01m4D=0.2、l=5m、q=10 kN/m、α=30°、 τ=55 kPa、c=0.2MPa、φ=26°,爆破参数:f=25 Hz,βF=0.2,K=250,ζ=1.8,R=1m。代入式(1)、 式(4)和式(23),得到围岩横向作用力F和不同爆破药量Q条件下抗力Fd的变化曲线,如图3所示。
图3可知:随着爆破药量Q的增加,爆破等效作用力FB呈幂指数增大,围岩计算抗力Fd则近似呈线性降低,爆破振动效应不断增强导致隧道围岩稳定性不断降低。当爆破药量Q达到55kg时,围岩计算抗力Fd=5.9 kN小于F值,表明此工况下满足式(23)中FFd的失稳条件,即隧道围岩可能发生破坏。
综上,爆破损伤和振动效应均对层状围岩隧道失稳产生较大影响。因此,采用有效地控制爆破措施,降低单次爆破药量和提高光面爆破效果,能够有效降低隧道失稳风险。
沪昆客运专线湖南段9标段的姚家隧道为标段控制性工程,全长6 955m,最大埋深247m,开挖断面积约140m2,属特大断面隧道。隧道围岩为砂质板岩( P t 3),地层产状为250~260°∠46~55°。板理的走向与隧道轴线近于平行,为厚层层状结构。在隧道爆破施工过程中,发生了隧道围岩失稳和结构破坏,现场情况如图4所示。
现场施工中分别测试DK380+837、DK381+263和DK384+029这3个断面的现场声波和爆破振动,分析围岩损伤程度和动力响应特性。
1) 现场声波测试。现场测试根据《工程岩体试验标准》[19]要求进行,采用跨孔测试方法,在测试断面边墙处钻掘测孔,孔深为10m,孔间距为50cm。从孔底处每20cm进行一次测试,获得不同深度声波测试数据。
围岩的声波波速随着深度增加不断变大,当深度达到4m,波速随深度变化明显减小而区域稳定,将4~5m处稳定的声波波速作为计算参数,计算爆破反复作用的围岩损伤变量D值,见表1
2) 爆破振动测试。根据《爆破安全规程》[20]要求,爆破振动判据采用保护对象所在地基础质点峰值振动速度和主振频率。因此,现场振动测试时在距工作面20~50m,间隔10m的断面拱脚处各布置一个监测点。开展3次爆破振动测试,收集各点监测数据。计算3个方向的峰值合速度,通过数据拟合得到获得式(4)中振动衰减的地质系数,结果如图5所示。图中,vp为爆破峰值振速,cm/s。
选取上述3个断面分析层状围岩稳定性。根据隧道勘察和室内试验,3个研究区域内围岩均为砂质板岩,隧道采用光面爆破,各研究区的物理力学参数和爆破参数见表2。将参数代入式(1)、式(4)和式(23),计算得到横向作用力F和计算抗力Fd值,不同累积爆破次数的计算抗力Fd图6所示。
根据计算结果和图6可知:隧道里程为DK380+ 837、DK381+263和DK384+029区域进行施工时,围岩承受横向作用力F分别为5.0、13.6和31.0kN;初始计算抗力Fd分别为390.2、64.0和255.7kN,横向作用力均小于抗力,说明围岩均处于稳定状态。而DK381+263区域的初始计算抗力值最低且与横向作用力差值最小,对比围岩力学参数,发现该区域围岩稳定性相对较差,具有潜在失稳风险。
爆破反复作用后,3处断面围岩损伤变量D均增加,计算抗力Fd则不断减小。对于DK380+837和DK384+029区域,当累积爆破次数达到15次时,其Fd值远大于F值,处于稳定状态。DK381+263区域在爆破累积5次数时Fd为24.6 kN略大于F值,仍保持稳定;而爆破累积10次时Fd为 -19.3 kN 已经低于0,表明隧道处于可能发生失稳的状态。
根据上述分析,隧道在DK380+837和DK384+029处于稳定状态,在DK381+263区域则处于可能发生失稳的状态。为验证突变理论分析的准确性,现场通过监控量测分析围岩稳定情况。拱顶沉降与边墙收敛数据如图7所示。
图7可知:DK380+837和DK384+029断面的拱顶累积沉降量在爆破开挖后大幅增加,6~7天后缓慢增加,最终趋于稳定,层状围岩处于稳定状态。DK381+263断面爆破开挖后同样是先大幅增加后趋于稳定,但是在开挖后15天时,沉降量呈现明显的增大趋势,初期支护出现明显开裂,显现出围岩失稳征兆。为避免围岩坍塌和支护结构破坏,在20天时对围岩与支护结构进行加固,随后累积沉降量缓慢增加,说明围岩变形得到了有效控制。
对比3个断面围岩地质条件发现,围岩物理力学参数差异不大,仅岩层角度α变化较为明显,计算发现,DK381+263断面围岩承受爆破作用下等效静力最大,同时,随着爆破作用次数增加计算抗力大幅下降。因此,认为导致DK381+263断面出现围岩失稳征兆可能的原因是岩层角度变化、爆破损伤和振动作用的影响。
对选取的典型断面进行突变失稳分析,隧道施工现场情况、监测结果与突变失稳判据结果一致,证明推导的爆破作用下层状围岩隧道突变失稳判据具备一定的有效性,该方法可以准确预测层状围岩隧道施工稳定性。建议在类似工况下,结合失稳判据和现场监测分析,预判围岩稳定性,采用弱爆破、短进尺的方式,减小爆破损伤和振动效应,提高隧道施工安全性。
1) 根据突变理论,推导了爆破作用下层状围岩隧道突变失稳的充要条件,即Δ=0表示系统处于突变失稳的临界状态;Δ<0隧道发生突变失稳;Δ>0为稳定状态。隧道失稳的必要条件为岩层横向作用力F大于计算抗力Fd
2) 根据推导的围岩失稳判据可知:爆破作用对层状围岩稳定性的影响主要反映在损伤变量D和爆破作用力FB,即爆破损伤效应和爆破振动效应影响。分析表明爆破累积损伤效应导致围岩刚度降低,层状围岩失稳可能性增加;随着爆破药量Q的增加,爆破振动效应增强,降低层状围岩稳定性。
3) 根据突变失稳判据得到的隧道围岩的横向作用力F、计算抗力Fd和稳定性状态,其评价结果与施工现场情况、监测结果一致,验证了该失稳判据的有效性与准确性。
  • 湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(22B0486)
  • 江汉大学省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室
  • 江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室联合开放基金资助(PBSKL-2022-D-08)
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2024年第34卷第1期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.2440
  • 接收时间:2023-08-10
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-01-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-10
  • 修回日期:2023-11-13
基金
湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(22B0486)
江汉大学省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室
江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室联合开放基金资助(PBSKL-2022-D-08)
作者信息
    1 湖南科技大学 岩土工程稳定控制与健康监测湖南省重点实验室,湖南 湘潭 411201
    2 江汉大学 省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430056
    3 三峡大学 防灾减灾湖北省重点实验室,湖北 宜昌 443002
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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