Article(id=1149741769442636778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149741761771258326, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)02-0067-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.02.0385, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691769600000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-12, revisedDate=1700150400000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049399004, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1709049600000, pubDateStr=2024-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049399004, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049399004, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049399004, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149741761771258326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752049397175, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756468934610, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1168278645379440971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149741761771258326, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1168278645379440972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149741761771258326, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=67, endPage=75, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149741769681712110, articleId=1149741769442636778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Study on coupling of subway shield tunneling safety risk based on improved N-K model, columnId=1149733271128420907, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety social science and safety management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to effectively prevent and control the key safety risks in subway shield tunneling construction and accurately judge which risk coupling scenarios were significant ones leading to accidents,an improved N-K model was proposed to study the coupling effect of safety risks in subway shield tunneling. The key safety risks of subway shield tunneling were identified by comprehensively using literature research,accident case analysis and expert interview. Based on the N-K model,a new coupling analysis model of subway shield tunneling safety risk was proposed,and the applicability of the model was verified by a safety accident case. The results show that the list of key safety risk factors of subway shield tunneling is obtained,including 4 first-level risk factors (i.e.,personnel-type,equipment-type,environment-type and management-type safety risks) and 21 second-level risk factors. The safety risk value of subway shield tunneling construction increases with the increase of coupling factors. Safety risk coupling values with four factors are the highest,followed by the coupling values of three factors,and safety risk coupling values with two factors are the lowest. Coupling scenarios with workers' low safety awareness and machine failure participating are more susceptible to safety accidents.

, correspAuthors=Hujun LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jianshe ZHANG, Yanlong HUANG, Hujun LI, Huihua CHEN, Kuang HE, Zishuang DAI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149741781899719099, articleId=1149741769442636778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=基于改进N-K模型的地铁盾构掘进安全风险耦合研究, columnId=1149733271296193071, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全社会科学与安全管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为预防和控制地铁盾构掘进施工过程中的关键安全风险,并精准判断哪些风险耦合情境是导致事故发生的显著情境,提出改进N-K模型研究地铁盾构掘进安全风险耦合;综合运用文献研究、事故案例、专家访谈等方法,辨识地铁盾构掘进的关键安全风险因素;基于N-K模型提出新的地铁盾构掘进安全风险耦合评估模型,并选用安全事故案例验证该模型的适用性。结果表明:辨识得到地铁盾构掘进关键安全风险因素清单,包括4类一级风险因素,21个二级风险因素;地铁盾构掘进施工安全风险随着耦合因素种类的增加而变大,4因素风险耦合值最高,3因素风险耦合值次之,双因素风险耦合值最低,作业人员安全意识薄弱和机械故障参与作用的耦合情境更容易发生安全事故。

, correspAuthors=李瑚均, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 李瑚均(1991—),男,河南濮阳人,博士,讲师,主要从事工程项目安全与风险管理等方面的研究。E-mail:
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张建设 (1966—),男,河南焦作人,博士,副教授,主要从事工程项目安全管理方面的研究。E-mail:

何 况 教授级高级工程师

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张建设 (1966—),男,河南焦作人,博士,副教授,主要从事工程项目安全管理方面的研究。E-mail:

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何 况 教授级高级工程师

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articleId=1149741769442636778, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=改进N-K模型), Keyword(id=1168128884500345396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=盾构掘进施工), Keyword(id=1168128884554871349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=安全风险), Keyword(id=1168128884630368823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=风险因素), Keyword(id=1168128884701671993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=风险耦合)], refs=[Reference(id=1168128886652023380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=27, issue=8, pageStart=1963, pageEnd=1991, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], 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Coupling risk analysis of road dangerous goods transportation system based on NK model[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019, 29(9): 132-137., articleTitle=Coupling risk analysis of road dangerous goods transportation system based on NK model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168128889583841912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=257, pageEnd=272, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=36, authorNames=FRENKEN K, journalName=Research Policy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FRENKEN K. A complexity approach to innovation networks: the case of the aircraft industry (1909-1997)[J]. Research Policy, 2000, 29(2): 257-272., articleTitle=A complexity approach to innovation networks: the case of the aircraft industry (1909-1997), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168128889650950777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=55, issue=2, pageStart=111, pageEnd=119, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=37, authorNames=侯公羽, 刘伟, 李乐, journalName=土木工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=侯公羽, 刘伟, 李乐, 等. 多风险因素耦合的地铁施工安全系统脆弱性分析[J]. 土木工程学报, 2022, 55(2):111-119., articleTitle=多风险因素耦合的地铁施工安全系统脆弱性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168128889713865338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=55, issue=2, pageStart=111, pageEnd=119, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=38, authorNames=HOU Gongyu, LIU Wei, LI Le, journalName=China Civil Engineering Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOU Gongyu, LIU Wei, LI Le, et al. Vulnerability analysis of the subway construction safety system with coupled multiple risk factors[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2022, 55(2): 111-119., articleTitle=Vulnerability analysis of the subway construction safety system with coupled multiple risk factors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168128889801945723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=39, authorNames=ZHANG Mengyao, YU Deming, WANG Tianyu, journalName=Buildings, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Mengyao, YU Deming, WANG Tianyu, et al. Coupling analysis of tunnel construction safety risks based on N-K model and SD causality diagram[J]. Buildings, 2023, 13(4): DOI: 10.3390/buildings13041081., articleTitle=Coupling analysis of tunnel construction safety risks based on N-K model and SD causality diagram, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168128889860665980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=40, authorNames=HAI Nan, GONG Daqing, LIU Shifeng, journalName=Reliability Engineering & System Safety, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAI Nan, GONG Daqing, LIU Shifeng, et al. Dynamic coupling risk assessment model of utility tunnels based on multimethod fusion[J]. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2022, 228: DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2022.108773., articleTitle=Dynamic coupling risk assessment model of utility tunnels based on multimethod fusion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168128889919386237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=26, issue=4, pageStart=96, pageEnd=101, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=41, authorNames=吴贤国, 吴克宝, 沈梅芳, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴贤国, 吴克宝, 沈梅芳, 等. 基于N-K模型的地铁施工安全风险耦合研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2016, 26(4):96-101., articleTitle=基于N-K模型的地铁施工安全风险耦合研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168128889982300798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=26, issue=4, pageStart=96, pageEnd=101, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=42, authorNames=WU Xianguo, WU Kebao, SHEN Meifang, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Xianguo, WU Kebao, SHEN Meifang, et al. Research on coupling of safety risks in metro construction based on N-K model[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2016, 26(4): 96-101., articleTitle=Research on coupling of safety risks in metro construction based on N-K model, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1168128886194844240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, awardId=71942006, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金专项项目资助(71942006), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1168128886324867665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, awardId=NSFRF230426, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助(NSFRF230426), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1168128886463279698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, awardId=B2022-23, language=CN, fundingSource=河南理工大学博士基金资助(B2022-23), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1168128886517805651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, awardId=H22-541, language=CN, fundingSource=企业咨询项目(H22-541), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168128882529022450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168128882537411059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, companyId=1168128882529022450, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Civil Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo Henan 454000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168128882545799668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, companyId=1168128882529022450, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 河南理工大学 土木工程学院,河南 焦作 454000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1168128882608714230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168128882617102839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, companyId=1168128882608714230, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410075,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168128882621297144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, companyId=1168128882608714230, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中南大学 土木工程学院,湖南 长沙 410075)]), AuthorCompany(id=1168128882675823097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168128882680017402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, companyId=1168128882675823097, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Zhengzhou Metro Group Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou Henan 450014,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168128882688406011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, companyId=1168128882675823097, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 郑州地铁集团有限公司,河南 郑州 450014)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1168128884915581501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Coupling process of safety risk in subway shield tunneling construction, figureFileSmall=5U366SJKSDqgzamghQug1Q==, figureFileBig=IhYE1G273MLXM/nnwKSMLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168128884986884671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=CN, label=图1, caption=地铁盾构掘进施工安全风险耦合过程, figureFileSmall=5U366SJKSDqgzamghQug1Q==, figureFileBig=IhYE1G273MLXM/nnwKSMLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168128885041410625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Safety risk factors based on literature research and accident cases

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
安全风险因素 术语含义 来源
安全意识薄弱 在作业过程中自我保护意识差、思想认识不到位 PAN Haize等[7],事故案例
综合水平不高 专业文化知识不足、专业技能水平不高 陈辉华等[17],事故案例
违章违规操作 违反安全规章和制度 事故案例
操作失误 由于作业人员生理、心理等因素而引起的操作不当 事故案例
机械故障、磨损 由于设备设计缺陷或使用不当等原因导致设备故障 LU Hui等[1]
盾构掘进参数 掘进参数异常或输入错误 ZHOU Hong等[18]
材料设备检测维护不足 未检验进场的材料和设备 事故案例
材料不符合要求 施工选用的材料不符合国际标准的规定 事故案例
盾构机与地质不匹配 地质与所选盾构机不匹配 事故案例
地质环境复杂 岩石类型、硬度、混合地面条件、岩质、软弱地基、溶洞等 钱王苹[19]、李蒙[20]等,事故案例
地下水丰富度 地下水位、地下水丰度、降雨季节分布 CHUNG等[16]
敏感环境 周围存在桩基、既有隧道等 事故案例
技术、政策环境 在相关技术、标准和规范未出台时发生的事故 PAN Haize[7]、QIE Zijun[21]
管理体系混乱 管理层对安全生产缺乏重视及未执行安全法规和制度 事故案例
人员安全教育不到位 未执行安全教育和培训、技术交底不到位 WU Zhiqiang等[15],事故案例
人员安排与分工不合理 关键岗位员工缺失 事故案例
), ArticleFig(id=1168128885112713795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基于文献和事故案例的安全风险因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
安全风险因素 术语含义 来源
安全意识薄弱 在作业过程中自我保护意识差、思想认识不到位 PAN Haize等[7],事故案例
综合水平不高 专业文化知识不足、专业技能水平不高 陈辉华等[17],事故案例
违章违规操作 违反安全规章和制度 事故案例
操作失误 由于作业人员生理、心理等因素而引起的操作不当 事故案例
机械故障、磨损 由于设备设计缺陷或使用不当等原因导致设备故障 LU Hui等[1]
盾构掘进参数 掘进参数异常或输入错误 ZHOU Hong等[18]
材料设备检测维护不足 未检验进场的材料和设备 事故案例
材料不符合要求 施工选用的材料不符合国际标准的规定 事故案例
盾构机与地质不匹配 地质与所选盾构机不匹配 事故案例
地质环境复杂 岩石类型、硬度、混合地面条件、岩质、软弱地基、溶洞等 钱王苹[19]、李蒙[20]等,事故案例
地下水丰富度 地下水位、地下水丰度、降雨季节分布 CHUNG等[16]
敏感环境 周围存在桩基、既有隧道等 事故案例
技术、政策环境 在相关技术、标准和规范未出台时发生的事故 PAN Haize[7]、QIE Zijun[21]
管理体系混乱 管理层对安全生产缺乏重视及未执行安全法规和制度 事故案例
人员安全教育不到位 未执行安全教育和培训、技术交底不到位 WU Zhiqiang等[15],事故案例
人员安排与分工不合理 关键岗位员工缺失 事故案例
), ArticleFig(id=1168128885192405573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Key safety risk factors of subway shield tunneling after expert assessment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 一级安全
风险因素
二级安全风险因素
1 人员风险
因素
作业人员能力不足
作业人员安全意识薄弱
管理人员能力不足
管理人员安全意识薄弱
违章违规操作
操作失误
2 设备风险
因素
机械故障、磨损
盾构机不合理运用
材料、设备检测维护不到位
设备设计缺陷
材料不符合要求
3 环境风险
因素
不良地形地质(岩质、软弱地基、溶洞等)
技术、政策环境
敏感环境(地下管线、既有隧道等)
地下水丰富度
4 管理风险
因素
管理制度不健全
管理责任未落实
管理措施落实不到位
监管不力
人员安排与分工不合理
安全培训、技术交底不到位
), ArticleFig(id=1168128885267903047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

专家评估后的地铁盾构掘进关键安全风险因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 一级安全
风险因素
二级安全风险因素
1 人员风险
因素
作业人员能力不足
作业人员安全意识薄弱
管理人员能力不足
管理人员安全意识薄弱
违章违规操作
操作失误
2 设备风险
因素
机械故障、磨损
盾构机不合理运用
材料、设备检测维护不到位
设备设计缺陷
材料不符合要求
3 环境风险
因素
不良地形地质(岩质、软弱地基、溶洞等)
技术、政策环境
敏感环境(地下管线、既有隧道等)
地下水丰富度
4 管理风险
因素
管理制度不健全
管理责任未落实
管理措施落实不到位
监管不力
人员安排与分工不合理
安全培训、技术交底不到位
), ArticleFig(id=1168128885330817608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Number and frequency of risk couplings from 2003 to 2022

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单因素风险耦合 双因素风险耦合 多因素风险耦合
事件 次数 频率 事件 次数 频率 事件 次数 频率
0000 0 0.000 0 1100 3 0.032 3 1110 2 0.021 5
1000 6 0.064 5 1010 5 0.053 8 1101 7 0.075 3
0100 5 0.053 8 1001 12 0.129 0 1011 12 0.129 0
0010 8 0.086 0 0110 12 0.129 0 0111 3 0.032 3
0001 4 0.043 0 0101 6 0.064 5 1111 5 0.053 8
0011 3 0.032 3
), ArticleFig(id=1168128885393732169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2003—2022年发生的风险耦合次数和频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单因素风险耦合 双因素风险耦合 多因素风险耦合
事件 次数 频率 事件 次数 频率 事件 次数 频率
0000 0 0.000 0 1100 3 0.032 3 1110 2 0.021 5
1000 6 0.064 5 1010 5 0.053 8 1101 7 0.075 3
0100 5 0.053 8 1001 12 0.129 0 1011 12 0.129 0
0010 8 0.086 0 0110 12 0.129 0 0111 3 0.032 3
0001 4 0.043 0 0101 6 0.064 5 1111 5 0.053 8
0011 3 0.032 3
), ArticleFig(id=1168128885469229642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Probability of single,double and multi-factor coupling risk

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单因素风险
耦合概率
双因素风险耦
合概率
3因素风险耦
合概率
4因素风险耦
合概率
P0…=0.440 9 P00··=0.161 3 P0·0·=0.161 3 P000·=0.043 0 P001·=0.118 3 P010·=0.118 3 P0000=0.000 0
P·0··=0.537 6 P0··0=0.268 8 P·00·=0.236 5 P011·=0.161 3 P100·=0.193 5 P101·=0.182 8 P0001=0.043 0
P··0·=0.462 4 P·0·0=0.204 3 P··00=0.150 6 P110·=0.107 6 P111·=0.075 3 P00·0=0.086 0 P0010=0.0860
P…0=0.440 9 P01··=0.279 6 P0·1·=0.279 6 P00·1=0.075 3 P01·0=0.182 8 P01·1=0.096 8 P0011=0.032 3
P1…=0.559 2 P0··1=0.172 1 P·01·=0.301 1 P10·0=0.118 3 P10·1=0.258 0 P11·0=0.053 8 P0100=0.053 8
P·1··=0.46 25 P·0·1=0.333 3 P··01=0.311 8 P11·1=0.129 1 P0·00=0.053 8 P0·01=0.107 5 P0101=0.064 5
P··1·=0.537 7 P10··=0.376 3 P1·0·=0.301 1 P0·10=0.215 0 P0·11=0.064 6 P1·00=0.096 8 P0110=0.129 0
P…1=0.559 2 P1··0=0.172 1 P·10·=0.225 9 P1·01=0.204 3 P1·10=0.075 3 P1·11=0.182 8 P0111=0.032 3
P·1·0=0.236 6 P··10=0.290 3 P·000=0.064 5 P·001=0.172 0 P·010=0.139 8 P1000=0.064 5
P11··=0.182 9 P1·1·=0.258 1 P·011=0.161 3 P·100=0.086 1 P·101=0.139 8 P1001=0.129 0
P1··1=0.387 1 P·11·=0.236 6 P·110=0.150 5 P·111=0.086 1 P1010=0.053 8
P·1·1=0.225 9 P··11=0.247 4 P1011=0.129 0
P1100=0.032 3
P1101=0.075 3
P1110=0.021 5
P1111=0.053 8
), ArticleFig(id=1168128885548921419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

单、双、多因素风险耦合的概率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单因素风险
耦合概率
双因素风险耦
合概率
3因素风险耦
合概率
4因素风险耦
合概率
P0…=0.440 9 P00··=0.161 3 P0·0·=0.161 3 P000·=0.043 0 P001·=0.118 3 P010·=0.118 3 P0000=0.000 0
P·0··=0.537 6 P0··0=0.268 8 P·00·=0.236 5 P011·=0.161 3 P100·=0.193 5 P101·=0.182 8 P0001=0.043 0
P··0·=0.462 4 P·0·0=0.204 3 P··00=0.150 6 P110·=0.107 6 P111·=0.075 3 P00·0=0.086 0 P0010=0.0860
P…0=0.440 9 P01··=0.279 6 P0·1·=0.279 6 P00·1=0.075 3 P01·0=0.182 8 P01·1=0.096 8 P0011=0.032 3
P1…=0.559 2 P0··1=0.172 1 P·01·=0.301 1 P10·0=0.118 3 P10·1=0.258 0 P11·0=0.053 8 P0100=0.053 8
P·1··=0.46 25 P·0·1=0.333 3 P··01=0.311 8 P11·1=0.129 1 P0·00=0.053 8 P0·01=0.107 5 P0101=0.064 5
P··1·=0.537 7 P10··=0.376 3 P1·0·=0.301 1 P0·10=0.215 0 P0·11=0.064 6 P1·00=0.096 8 P0110=0.129 0
P…1=0.559 2 P1··0=0.172 1 P·10·=0.225 9 P1·01=0.204 3 P1·10=0.075 3 P1·11=0.182 8 P0111=0.032 3
P·1·0=0.236 6 P··10=0.290 3 P·000=0.064 5 P·001=0.172 0 P·010=0.139 8 P1000=0.064 5
P11··=0.182 9 P1·1·=0.258 1 P·011=0.161 3 P·100=0.086 1 P·101=0.139 8 P1001=0.129 0
P1··1=0.387 1 P·11·=0.236 6 P·110=0.150 5 P·111=0.086 1 P1010=0.053 8
P·1·1=0.225 9 P··11=0.247 4 P1011=0.129 0
P1100=0.032 3
P1101=0.075 3
P1110=0.021 5
P1111=0.053 8
), ArticleFig(id=1168128885649584716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Calculation results of risk coupling values

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耦合类型 风险耦合值
双因素风险耦合 T21=0.068 2 T22=0.021 3 T23=0.066 4 T24=0.001 6 T25=0.012 5 T26=0.033 6
3因素风险耦合 T31=0.099 5 T32=0.139 2 T33=0.147 4 T34=0.051 1
4因素风险耦合 T4=0.257 8
), ArticleFig(id=1168128885712499277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

风险耦合值计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耦合类型 风险耦合值
双因素风险耦合 T21=0.068 2 T22=0.021 3 T23=0.066 4 T24=0.001 6 T25=0.012 5 T26=0.033 6
3因素风险耦合 T31=0.099 5 T32=0.139 2 T33=0.147 4 T34=0.051 1
4因素风险耦合 T4=0.257 8
), ArticleFig(id=1168128885838328398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Calculation results of coupling values of secondary safety risk factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 耦合因素 耦合情景 风险耦合值
1 人机 H1+M1 0.022 73
H2+M1 0.045 47
2 人环 H1+E 0.008 52
H2 E 0.012 78
3 机环 M1+E 0.001 60
4 机管 M1+M2 0.004 17
M1+M3 0.008 33
5 环管 E+M2 0.011 20
E+M3 0.022 40
6 人管 H1+M2 0.011 07
H1+M3 0.022 13
P2+M2 0.005 53
P2+M2 0.027 67
7 人机环 H2+M1+E 0.099 50
8 人机管 H1+M1+M2 0.039 77
H2+M1+M3 0.019 89
H2+M1+M2 0.079 54
9 人环管 H1+E+M2 0.012 28
H1+E+M3 0.036 85
H2+E+M2 0.024 57
H2+E+M3 0.073 70
10 机环管 M1+E+M2 0.017 03
M1+E+M3 0.034 07
11 人机环管 H1+M1+E+M2 0.051 56
H1+M1+E+M3 0.051 56
H2+M1+E+M2 0.051 56
H2+M1+E+M3 0.103 12
), ArticleFig(id=1168128885926408783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741769442636778, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

二级安全风险因素耦合值计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 耦合因素 耦合情景 风险耦合值
1 人机 H1+M1 0.022 73
H2+M1 0.045 47
2 人环 H1+E 0.008 52
H2 E 0.012 78
3 机环 M1+E 0.001 60
4 机管 M1+M2 0.004 17
M1+M3 0.008 33
5 环管 E+M2 0.011 20
E+M3 0.022 40
6 人管 H1+M2 0.011 07
H1+M3 0.022 13
P2+M2 0.005 53
P2+M2 0.027 67
7 人机环 H2+M1+E 0.099 50
8 人机管 H1+M1+M2 0.039 77
H2+M1+M3 0.019 89
H2+M1+M2 0.079 54
9 人环管 H1+E+M2 0.012 28
H1+E+M3 0.036 85
H2+E+M2 0.024 57
H2+E+M3 0.073 70
10 机环管 M1+E+M2 0.017 03
M1+E+M3 0.034 07
11 人机环管 H1+M1+E+M2 0.051 56
H1+M1+E+M3 0.051 56
H2+M1+E+M2 0.051 56
H2+M1+E+M3 0.103 12
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基于改进N-K模型的地铁盾构掘进安全风险耦合研究
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张建设 1 , 黄艳龙 1 , 李瑚均 1, ** , 陈辉华 2 , 何况 3 , 代姿爽 1
中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2024,34(2): 67-75
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2024, 34(2): 67-75
基于改进N-K模型的地铁盾构掘进安全风险耦合研究
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张建设1 , 黄艳龙1, 李瑚均1, ** , 陈辉华2, 何况3, 代姿爽1
作者信息
  • 1 河南理工大学 土木工程学院,河南 焦作 454000
  • 2 中南大学 土木工程学院,湖南 长沙 410075
  • 3 郑州地铁集团有限公司,河南 郑州 450014
  • 张建设 (1966—),男,河南焦作人,博士,副教授,主要从事工程项目安全管理方面的研究。E-mail:

    何 况 教授级高级工程师

通讯作者:

** 李瑚均(1991—),男,河南濮阳人,博士,讲师,主要从事工程项目安全与风险管理等方面的研究。E-mail:
Study on coupling of subway shield tunneling safety risk based on improved N-K model
Jianshe ZHANG1 , Yanlong HUANG1, Hujun LI1, ** , Huihua CHEN2, Kuang HE3, Zishuang DAI1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Civil Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo Henan 454000,China
  • 2 School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410075,China
  • 3 Zhengzhou Metro Group Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou Henan 450014,China
出版时间: 2024-02-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.02.0385
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为预防和控制地铁盾构掘进施工过程中的关键安全风险,并精准判断哪些风险耦合情境是导致事故发生的显著情境,提出改进N-K模型研究地铁盾构掘进安全风险耦合;综合运用文献研究、事故案例、专家访谈等方法,辨识地铁盾构掘进的关键安全风险因素;基于N-K模型提出新的地铁盾构掘进安全风险耦合评估模型,并选用安全事故案例验证该模型的适用性。结果表明:辨识得到地铁盾构掘进关键安全风险因素清单,包括4类一级风险因素,21个二级风险因素;地铁盾构掘进施工安全风险随着耦合因素种类的增加而变大,4因素风险耦合值最高,3因素风险耦合值次之,双因素风险耦合值最低,作业人员安全意识薄弱和机械故障参与作用的耦合情境更容易发生安全事故。

改进N-K模型  /  盾构掘进施工  /  安全风险  /  风险因素  /  风险耦合

In order to effectively prevent and control the key safety risks in subway shield tunneling construction and accurately judge which risk coupling scenarios were significant ones leading to accidents,an improved N-K model was proposed to study the coupling effect of safety risks in subway shield tunneling. The key safety risks of subway shield tunneling were identified by comprehensively using literature research,accident case analysis and expert interview. Based on the N-K model,a new coupling analysis model of subway shield tunneling safety risk was proposed,and the applicability of the model was verified by a safety accident case. The results show that the list of key safety risk factors of subway shield tunneling is obtained,including 4 first-level risk factors (i.e.,personnel-type,equipment-type,environment-type and management-type safety risks) and 21 second-level risk factors. The safety risk value of subway shield tunneling construction increases with the increase of coupling factors. Safety risk coupling values with four factors are the highest,followed by the coupling values of three factors,and safety risk coupling values with two factors are the lowest. Coupling scenarios with workers' low safety awareness and machine failure participating are more susceptible to safety accidents.

improved N-K model  /  subway shield tunneling  /  safety risk  /  risk factor  /  risk coupling
张建设, 黄艳龙, 李瑚均, 陈辉华, 何况, 代姿爽. 基于改进N-K模型的地铁盾构掘进安全风险耦合研究. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (2) : 67 -75 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.02.0385
Jianshe ZHANG, Yanlong HUANG, Hujun LI, Huihua CHEN, Kuang HE, Zishuang DAI. Study on coupling of subway shield tunneling safety risk based on improved N-K model[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (2) : 67 -75 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.02.0385
近年来,盾构法因具有机械化水平高、开挖速度快等特点,被广泛应用于地铁隧道区间施工[1-2]。但是,地铁盾构掘进施工技术高度复杂,且受到较多自然环境和人机作业环境安全风险因素的影响[3-4],因而地铁盾构掘进过程中更易发生安全事故,进而导致大量的人员伤亡和经济损失[5-6]。因此,有必要研究地铁盾构掘进安全风险。
学术界针对盾构掘进安全风险已存在一些研究,主要聚焦于安全风险因素辨识和安全风险评估。针对安全风险因素辨识,既有学者从不同视角识别地铁盾构掘进安全风险因素,如PAN Haize等[7]基于4M1E框架,辨识了地铁盾构掘进安全风险因素;LIU Wen等[8]辨识的地铁盾构掘进安全风险因素包括盾构机发射、管片组装、特殊程序和条件、盾构机到达、灌浆、先导开挖和出渣。针对安全风险评估,学者常用层次分析[9]、云模型[2]、故障树分析[10]、贝叶斯网络[11-12]、反向传播(Back Propagation,BP)神经网络[13-14]等方法,如WU Zhiqiang等[15]结合熵权法和云模型评估了水下盾构隧道施工风险;CHUNG等[16]应用贝叶斯网络模型研究了隧道盾构施工过程安全风险。然而,综合分析现有文献发现,前人辨识的盾构掘进安全风险因素较零散且系统化低;此外,盾构掘进安全风险评估的研究大多落脚到单个风险或现场总风险上,且总风险评估也多是单风险值的简单叠加,忽视了在实际盾构掘进施工过程中,安全事故是在多个风险因素耦合作用下发生的,以致无法更精准判断哪些耦合情境是显著情境,较难提前做到安全风险的预防和控制。
鉴于此,笔者拟探究地铁盾构掘进的安全风险耦合,基于文献、案例和专家访谈辨识地铁盾构掘进施工的安全风险因素,提出改进N-K模型的风险耦合评估模型,并选用案例验证该模型的适用性。以期充实盾构施工安全风险评估的知识体系,为安全管理人员开展现场安全预防和管理提供参考。
以盾构掘进风险和盾构安全因素为关键词组合,检索中国知网和Web of Science数据库,删掉书评、征稿说明等不相关文档后,分析文献并提炼初始安全风险因素集,基于文献和事故案例的安全风险因素见表1
大量地铁盾构事故案例是保证安全风险因素完整性和可验证性的基本前提,研究人员查询应急管理部、中国应急信息网、安全管理网、新闻网页等收集2003—2022年公布的地铁盾构掘进安全事故案例,分析这些案例进一步检验和辨别地铁盾构掘进安全风险因素。
邀请20名专家评估表1中的安全风险因素,这些专家均有5年以上地铁盾构施工经验,其中,教授级专家3人,高级工程师7人,其余为工程师或博士。经评估,将综合水平不高更改为作业人员能力不足、管理人员能力不足;将安全意识薄弱更改为作业安全意识薄弱、管理人员安全意识薄弱;将盾构掘进参数、盾构机与地质不匹配合并更改为盾构机不合理运用;将地质环境复杂更改为不良地形地质(岩质、软弱地基、溶洞等);将管理体系混乱拆分为管理责任未落实、管理措施落实不到位、管理制度不健全、监管不力。专家评估后的地铁盾构掘进关键安全风险因素见表2
安全事故是多个安全风险因素耦合的结果。物理学中认为,耦合是2个及以上的体系运动形式通过彼此间的相互作用和相互影响结合起来的现象[22]。自组织理论指出耦合是系统之间的相互作用[23]。多因素风险耦合情境包括:①单个风险因素失效引起其他风险因素失效最终导致系统整体失效的情境;②2个及以上因素同时失效导致系统整体失效的情形。地铁盾构掘进施工安全风险耦合的过程如图1所示。针对人员、设备、环境和管理等风险因素形成的工程风险系统,因风险耦合导致系统失效有以下情况:①某类安全风险因素先出现,而当该类风险因素突破屏障后,则会与其他类安全风险因素发生耦合,导致其他安全风险因素突破风险阈值和安全屏障,最终引起安全事故;②某几类安全风险因素均出现,直接引起地铁盾构掘进安全事故的发生。
根据导致安全事故的风险因素数量和类别,将地铁盾构掘进的风险耦合划分为单因素风险耦合、双因素风险耦合和多因素风险耦合。
1) 单因素风险耦合。单因素风险耦合指引起掘进安全事件的因素为多个同类因素,这些因素之间会发生相互作用和影响。单因素风险耦合分为人员、设备、环境、管理等因素耦合,分别记作T11(a)、 T12(b)、T13(c)、T14(d),风险耦合总值记为T1
2) 双因素风险耦合。双因素风险耦合指导致掘进安全事件的风险因素为2类因素,包括人-机、人-环、人-管、机-环、机-管、环-管等因素耦合,分别记作T21(ab)、T22(ac)、T23(ad)、T24(bc)、T25(bd)、 T26(cd),这些风险耦合总值记为T2
3) 多因素风险耦合。多因素风险耦合是指 3个及以上因素进行风险耦合。3因素风险耦合包括人-机-环、人-机-管、人-环-管、机-环-管等因素耦合,分别记作T31(abc)、T32(abd)、T33(acd)、T34(bcd),风险耦合总值记为T3。4因素风险耦合可分为人-机-环-管因素耦合,记作T4 (abcd),风险耦合总值记为 T 4
N-K模型由KAUFFMAN[24]在1993年研究基因组合问题时提出。目前,N-K模型已被运用于海上交通[25]、重大工程社会稳定[26]、空中交通[27]、道路危险品运输系统[28]等领域的风险耦合研究。N-K模型包含2个参数,N是系统元素的个数,K是系统中相互作用和依赖关系的个数。如果系统由N个元素构成,每个元素有n种状态,则会产生nN种耦合方式。N-K模型以实际安全事故案例数据为输入,大量案例数据可保证N-K模型推断的准确性和广泛适用性。以大量事故案例为数据,运用信息论中交互信息[29] T来表达安全风险之间的耦合作用,则4因素风险耦合的计算遵循下式:
T 4 ( a b c d ) = h = 1 H i = 1 I j = 1 J k = 1 K P h i j k · l o g 2 [ P h i j k / ( P h · P · i · · · P · · j · · P k ) ]
式中:h=1,2,…,Hi=1,2,…,Ij=1,2,…,Jk=1,2,…,KT4 (abcd) 为人-机-环-管风险耦合值;abcd分别为人员、设备、环境和管理类风险因素;HIJK分别为人员、设备、环境和管理等风险因素状态的数量;Phijk为人处于第h种状态,机械设备处于第i种状态,环境处于第j种状态,管理处于第k种状态下盾构掘进安全事件发生耦合的概率;PhP·i··P··j·Pk分别为人员、设备、环境、管理某一因素处于某确定状态时发生耦合的概率。
运用3因素交互信息来衡量3因素安全风险耦合,则3因素风险耦合的计算如下式:
T 31 ( a b c ) = h = 1 H i = 1 I j = 1 J P h i j ·     l o g 2 [ P h i j / ( P h · P · i · · · P · · j · ) ] T 32 ( a b d ) = h = 1 H i = 1 I k = 1 K P h i k ·     l o g 2 [ P h i j / ( P h · P · i · · · P k ) ] T 33 ( a c d ) = h = 1 H j = 1 J k = 1 K P h j k ·     l o g 2 [ P h j k / ( P h · P · · j · · P k ) ] T 34 ( b c d ) = i = 1 I j = 1 J k = 1 K P i j k ·     l o g 2 [ P i j k / ( P · i · · · P · · j · · P k ) ]
同理,双风险耦合的计算遵循下式:
T 21 ( a b ) = h = 1 H i = 1 I P h i · l o g 2 [ P h i / ( P h · P · i · · ) ] T 22 ( a c ) = h = 1 H j = 1 J P h j · l o g 2 [ P h j / ( P h · P · · j · ) ] T 23 ( a d ) = h = 1 H k = 1 K P h k · l o g 2 [ P h k / ( P h · P k ) ] T 24 ( b c ) = i = 1 I j = 1 J P h i · l o g 2 [ P i j / ( P · i · · · P · · j · ) ] T 25 ( b d ) = i = 1 I k = 1 K P i k · l o g 2 [ P i k / ( P · i · · · P k ) ] T 26 ( c d ) = j = 1 J k = 1 K P j k · l o g 2 [ P j k / ( P · · j · · P k ) ]
二级安全风险的耦合值 T * 2可按下式计算。
T * 2 = μ * η * × T *
式中: T * 2为二级安全风险因素耦合值; μ *为二级安全风险因素引发安全事故的数量; η *为一级安全风险因素引发安全事故的数量; μ * / η *为一级安全风险因素下其各二级安全风险因素引发安全事故的概率; T *为一级安全风险因素的风险耦合值,计算的 T * 2越大,说明耦合风险越高。
FS轨道交通2号线一期工程土建一标段湖涌站至绿岛湖站区间隧道主要穿行区域大部分岩土松散、承载力低、自稳定差。隧道区间采用2台直径为 6 980mm 的土压平衡式盾构机施工。
根据表2分析开工前施工风险资料,识别该项目可能引起事故的安全风险因素有:作业人员能力不足H1;作业人员安全意识薄弱H2;机械故障、磨损M1;不良地形地质(岩质、软弱地基、溶洞等)E;管理责任未落实M2;管理措施落实不到位M3
基于辨识的安全风险因素,重点统计收集到的地铁盾构施工的安全事故。将2.1节指出的2种多风险耦合情形归并为一种情境计算,单因素、双因素、多因素风险耦合导致发生的事故的次数和频率见表3。4个一级风险因素都存在发生和未发生2种状态(分别用0,1表示),则共有16种风险耦合形式。
1) 单因素风险耦合概率计算。
P 0 = P 0000 + P 0001 + P 0010 + P 0011 + P 0100 + P 0101 + P 0110 + P 0111 = 0.440   9
式中:P0000为人、机、环、管因素均未失效的概率;P0001为人、机、环因素均未失效而管理因素失效的概率;P0010为人、机、管因素均未失效而环境因素失效概率;P0011为人、机因素未失效而环、管因素失效的概率;P0100为人、环、管因素未失效而机械因素失效的概率;P0101为人、环因素未失效而机、管因素失效的概率;P0110为人、管因素未失效而机、环因素失效的概率;P0111为人因素未失效而机、环、管因素失效的概率。
同理,其他单因素风险耦合的概率见表4
2) 双因素风险耦合概率计算。
  P 00 · · = P 0000 + P 0001 + P 0010 + P 0011 = 0.161   3
同理,其他双因素风险耦合的概率见表4
3) 3因素风险耦合的概率计算。
P 000 · = P 0000 + P 0001 = 0.043
同理,其他3因素风险耦合的概率见表4
4) 4因素风险耦合的概率见表4
根据式(1)—式(3),代入表4中数据,计算出各种因素耦合下的风险耦合值,见表5
对所得的T值按降序排列:
T 4 > T 33 > T 32 > T 31 > T 21 > T 23 > T 34 > T 26 > T 22 > T 25 > T 24
双因素风险耦合 T值的平均值为: T - 2 = 0.033   9 3因素风险耦合 T值的平均值为: T - 3 = 0.109   3,4因素风险耦合 T值的平均值为: T - 4 = 0.257   8,可知: T - 4 > T - 3 > T - 2
通过上述分析得到如下结果。
1) 整体上随着风险因素数量的增加,风险耦合值呈上升趋势,其中,4因素耦合风险最高,3因素风险耦合均值大于双因素风险耦合均值,这与既有文献[30-32]得出的结论相符。管理人员应该找到影响安全事故发生的关键风险因素,降低风险带来的影响,减少参与耦合的风险因素数量。
2) 地铁盾构掘进安全事故3因素风险耦合中,人-环-管风险耦合值最大,人-机-管风险耦合值次之,这表明当人员因素、环境因素、管理因素共同作用时,容易突破风险阈值和风险屏障,从而更易导致盾构掘进安全事故的发生,已有文献[33]也有类似结论。
3) 地铁盾构掘进安全事故双因素风险耦合中,人-机风险耦合的T值最大,人-管风险耦合的T值次之,这表明地铁盾构掘进过程中人员、设备2因素共同发生时系统更加脆弱,容易引发安全事故,与已有文献[33]得出结论相符。
为进一步判断哪些二级风险耦合情境是地铁盾构掘进安全事故的显著情境,利用改进N-K模型耦合分析地铁盾构掘进过程中的二级安全风险因素。由式(4)计算得出不同耦合风险情境下各二级安全风险因素的风险耦合值,见表6
表6可知:
1) 地铁盾构掘进安全事故双因素风险耦合中,作业人员安全意识薄弱与机械故障、磨损共同作用时,其安全风险耦合值最大。
2) 3因素风险耦合中,作业人员安全意识薄弱、机械故障、磨损与不良地形地质共同作用时,安全风险耦合值最大。
3) 4因素风险耦合中,作业人员安全意识薄弱、机械故障、磨损、不良地形地质与管理措施落实不到位共同作用时,安全风险耦合值最大,最容易导致事故的发生。
为有效避免类似安全事故的发生,应加强作业人员的安全意识,对作业人员进行安全技术和安全技能培训,定期维修养护机械,提前做好地质探测预报。同时,要建立健全安全生产规章制度,使管理人员更好地发挥管理职能。
1) 辨识得到地铁盾构掘进施工关键安全风险因素清单,包括4类一级风险因素,21个二级风险因素,其中,一级风险因素包括人员类、设备类、环境类和管理类安全风险因素。
2) 地铁盾构掘进施工安全风险值随耦合因素种类的增多而增大,4因素风险耦合值最高,作业人员安全意识薄弱、机械故障与磨损、不良地形地质与管理措施落实不到位共同作用时最容易发生安全事故;3因素风险耦合值次之,作业人员安全意识薄弱、机械故障与磨损和不良地形地质共同作用时安全风险耦合值最大;双因素风险耦合中,作业人员安全意识薄弱和机械故障与磨损共同作用时最容易引发安全事故。
3) 后续研究人员可深入研究不同风险等级对应T值的合理范围和选用其他盾构掘进情境来验证提出的改进N-K模型,也可通过单案例或多案例研究来探究不同地质条件的安全风险耦合。
  • 国家自然科学基金专项项目资助(71942006)
  • 河南省高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助(NSFRF230426)
  • 河南理工大学博士基金资助(B2022-23)
  • 企业咨询项目(H22-541)
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2024年第34卷第2期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.02.0385
  • 接收时间:2023-08-12
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-12
  • 修回日期:2023-11-17
基金
国家自然科学基金专项项目资助(71942006)
河南省高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助(NSFRF230426)
河南理工大学博士基金资助(B2022-23)
企业咨询项目(H22-541)
作者信息
    1 河南理工大学 土木工程学院,河南 焦作 454000
    2 中南大学 土木工程学院,湖南 长沙 410075
    3 郑州地铁集团有限公司,河南 郑州 450014

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** 李瑚均(1991—),男,河南濮阳人,博士,讲师,主要从事工程项目安全与风险管理等方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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