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To solve the problem of heat damage caused by the continuous extension of coal mining depth,and to reveal the distribution characteristics of the temperature field in the deep-shaft roadway,five kinds of mining thermal insulation materials were selected to carry out the study of thermal insulation and cooling in the deep-shaft roadway,to analyze the effects of different thicknesses of the thermal insulation layer and different initial temperatures of the peripheral rock on the temperature field of the peripheral rock,the radius of the heat-regulating circle,and the temperature change of the wind flow in the roadway,and to analyze the evolution characteristics of the peripheral rock temperature field in the vicinity of the thermal insulation layer. The results show that foam heat-insulating concrete has the best heat-insulating performance and the lowest economic cost. The selection of lower thermal conductivity of the insulation layer helps to improve the thermal insulation effect of the insulation layer,and 5-10 cm is the best thickness of insulation layer,temperature field is consistent with the spatial distribution of peripheral rock layer,anchor spraying layer,and insulation layer,thermal conductivity of insulation material is negatively correlated with the tunnel peripheral rock temperature gradient,thickness of insulation layer,and temperature of the original rock are positively correlated with the tunnel peripheral rock temperature gradient,and thickness and temperature of insulation layer have a significant influence on radius of heat-regulating circle. Temperature has a certain degree of influence on radius of heat-regulating circle,compared with the roadway without a heat-insulating layer,roadway heat-insulating effect of cooling effect is significant.

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为解决煤矿开采深度不断延伸带来的热害问题,揭示深井巷道温度场分布特征,选用 5种矿用隔热材料开展深井巷道隔热降温模拟研究,分析不同厚度隔热层、不同围岩初始温度对围岩温度场、调热圈半径及巷内风流温度变化的影响,并探究隔热层附近围岩温度场的演变特征。结果表明:添加泡沫混凝土的材料隔热性能最佳,经济成本最低;隔热层选用导热系数较低的隔热材料有助于提高隔热层的隔热效果,5~10 cm为最佳隔热层厚度;温度场与围岩层、锚喷层、隔热层在空间上分布一致,隔热材料导热系数与巷道围岩的温度梯度呈负相关,隔热层厚度、原岩温度与巷道围岩温度梯度呈正相关,隔热材料、隔热层厚度和原岩温度对调热圈半径有一定程度的影响,相比无隔热层巷道,巷道隔热和降温效果显著。

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游 波 (1986—),男,湖南娄底人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿井热害防治与职业安全健康方面的研究。E-mail:

刘何清 教授

鲁 义 教授

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游 波 (1986—),男,湖南娄底人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿井热害防治与职业安全健康方面的研究。E-mail:

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游 波 (1986—),男,湖南娄底人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿井热害防治与职业安全健康方面的研究。E-mail:

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鲁 义 教授

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articleId=1149741763759358437, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Thermophysical parameters of materials in each layer

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类别 材料 密度/(kg·m-3) 比热容/(J·kg-1·K-1) 导热系数/(W·m-1·K-1)
围岩 砂岩 2 580 840 2.431
隔热层 矿渣保温材料 1 783 1 220 0.724 9
玻化微珠砂浆 1 560 1 370 0.242
普通保温砂浆 800 1 050 0.390
蛭石砂浆 1 120 1 050 0.308 3
泡沫隔热混凝土 602 1 050 0.190
锚喷层 普通混凝土 2 400 970 1.850
), ArticleFig(id=1168128882407387633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149741763759358437, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各材料的热物性参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 材料 密度/(kg·m-3) 比热容/(J·kg-1·K-1) 导热系数/(W·m-1·K-1)
围岩 砂岩 2 580 840 2.431
隔热层 矿渣保温材料 1 783 1 220 0.724 9
玻化微珠砂浆 1 560 1 370 0.242
普通保温砂浆 800 1 050 0.390
蛭石砂浆 1 120 1 050 0.308 3
泡沫隔热混凝土 602 1 050 0.190
锚喷层 普通混凝土 2 400 970 1.850
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不同隔热材料下的深井巷道隔热降温模拟研究
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游波 , 崔大雄 , 刘何清 , 鲁义 , 杨芯宇
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(2): 153-160
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(2): 153-160
不同隔热材料下的深井巷道隔热降温模拟研究
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游波 , 崔大雄, 刘何清, 鲁义, 杨芯宇
作者信息
  • 湖南科技大学 资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南 湘潭 411201
  • 游 波 (1986—),男,湖南娄底人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿井热害防治与职业安全健康方面的研究。E-mail:

    刘何清 教授

    鲁 义 教授

Simulation study on heat insulation and cooling of deep shaft tunnel with different heat insulation materials
Bo YOU , Daxiong CUI, Heqing LIU, Yi LU, Xinyu YANG
Affiliations
  • School of Resources,Environment and Safety Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan Hunan 411201,China
出版时间: 2024-02-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.02.0748
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为解决煤矿开采深度不断延伸带来的热害问题,揭示深井巷道温度场分布特征,选用 5种矿用隔热材料开展深井巷道隔热降温模拟研究,分析不同厚度隔热层、不同围岩初始温度对围岩温度场、调热圈半径及巷内风流温度变化的影响,并探究隔热层附近围岩温度场的演变特征。结果表明:添加泡沫混凝土的材料隔热性能最佳,经济成本最低;隔热层选用导热系数较低的隔热材料有助于提高隔热层的隔热效果,5~10 cm为最佳隔热层厚度;温度场与围岩层、锚喷层、隔热层在空间上分布一致,隔热材料导热系数与巷道围岩的温度梯度呈负相关,隔热层厚度、原岩温度与巷道围岩温度梯度呈正相关,隔热材料、隔热层厚度和原岩温度对调热圈半径有一定程度的影响,相比无隔热层巷道,巷道隔热和降温效果显著。

隔热材料  /  巷道风流  /  围岩温度场  /  温度梯度  /  调热圈  /  降温效果

To solve the problem of heat damage caused by the continuous extension of coal mining depth,and to reveal the distribution characteristics of the temperature field in the deep-shaft roadway,five kinds of mining thermal insulation materials were selected to carry out the study of thermal insulation and cooling in the deep-shaft roadway,to analyze the effects of different thicknesses of the thermal insulation layer and different initial temperatures of the peripheral rock on the temperature field of the peripheral rock,the radius of the heat-regulating circle,and the temperature change of the wind flow in the roadway,and to analyze the evolution characteristics of the peripheral rock temperature field in the vicinity of the thermal insulation layer. The results show that foam heat-insulating concrete has the best heat-insulating performance and the lowest economic cost. The selection of lower thermal conductivity of the insulation layer helps to improve the thermal insulation effect of the insulation layer,and 5-10 cm is the best thickness of insulation layer,temperature field is consistent with the spatial distribution of peripheral rock layer,anchor spraying layer,and insulation layer,thermal conductivity of insulation material is negatively correlated with the tunnel peripheral rock temperature gradient,thickness of insulation layer,and temperature of the original rock are positively correlated with the tunnel peripheral rock temperature gradient,and thickness and temperature of insulation layer have a significant influence on radius of heat-regulating circle. Temperature has a certain degree of influence on radius of heat-regulating circle,compared with the roadway without a heat-insulating layer,roadway heat-insulating effect of cooling effect is significant.

insulation materials  /  tunnel airflow  /  temperature field of surrounding rock  /  temperature gradient  /  heat regulating ring  /  thermal insulation effect
游波, 崔大雄, 刘何清, 鲁义, 杨芯宇. 不同隔热材料下的深井巷道隔热降温模拟研究. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (2) : 153 -160 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.02.0748
Bo YOU, Daxiong CUI, Heqing LIU, Yi LU, Xinyu YANG. Simulation study on heat insulation and cooling of deep shaft tunnel with different heat insulation materials[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (2) : 153 -160 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.02.0748
随着我国煤炭开采深度的不断延伸,高温环境已经成为影响矿工身体健康和矿山生产效率的重要因素[1-2]。矿山深井热害是由井下多种热源共同引发的,其中围岩散热占据总热源的48%[3]。巷道隔热材料可以从源头上控制围岩热量向巷道风流传递,因此,开展巷道围岩隔热研究具有重要意义。
矿井热害防治技术主要分为非机械制冷降温、机械制冷降温和个体防护。目前,非机械和机械制冷降温技术都是通过新鲜风流和井下风流互换而带走热量来降温的,个体防护降温则是利用降温服对人体降温的方法[4-5]。以上降温方式难以从本质上解决围岩散热的问题,而巷道隔热是一种热害治理的根本方法,通过在巷道壁面喷注隔热材料来控制围岩散热热量,减少热量向巷内传递,是高热深井热害防治技术措施的重要组成部分[6-7]。郭文兵等[8]研制了一种粉煤灰水泥基矿井隔热材料,并且得出矿井隔热材料导热系数不得高于0.23 W/(m·K) 的结论。张源[9]根据围岩温度场的演变特征,提出构造复合阻热圈的主动隔热基本理论。张希等[10]以云南玉溪大红山铜矿为研究对象,探究并验证了高温巷道围岩喷涂隔热材料后的降温效果。薛韩玲等[11]将硅橡胶中空玻璃微珠作为隔热材料,并进行模拟应用试验。吴栋等[12]数值模拟研究了高地温巷道喷浆前后径向温度场特征,从不同角度验证相似试验结果的合理性,并进一步探讨喷浆层特性对降温效果的影响。REN Ting等[13]模拟长距离独头掘进工作面风流的流动分布及其对温度场的影响。
上述文献主要侧重于巷道隔热材料的研发和隔热效果的研究,但缺少巷道隔热层和原岩温度对巷内风流降温特性及调热圈影响的研究,更未进一步探究围岩温度场的变化特征。鉴于此,笔者拟研究隔热材料和原岩温度对巷道风流温度、调热圈和围岩温度场的影响,分析隔热层附近围岩温度梯度分布情况,确定调热圈的范围,从而为实际矿井隔热层设计提供理论依据。
以某高温矿井巷道为研究背景,通过建模工具建立巷道模型。为方便描述问题,采用常见的拱形巷道作为模拟目标,在巷道入口处向巷道内输送新鲜风流。巷道围岩的计算区域设为50 m ×50 m ×1 000m,拱形巷道位于围岩中心区域,圆拱半径为2m,净宽4m,高2m,长1 000m,设置锚喷层厚度为30cm,在锚喷层上增设隔热层,隔热层厚度为5cm,巷道截面如图1所示。
围岩的热学特性受到地温梯度、井下湿度和围岩成分等因素影响[14],为方便计算,建立巷道围岩传热数学模型,并设定以下条件:
1) 巷道围岩、隔热层、锚喷层均质,各向同性,热物理性质稳定。
2) 巷道断面为拱形,地温梯度的影响忽略不计。
3) 未开挖扰动之前,各处巷道围岩温度相等,均为原岩温度。
4) 仅考虑围岩散热,忽略其他井下热源。
基于以上假设,可以采用以下数学模型:
围岩-锚喷层-隔热层围岩传热遵循固体导热微分方程:
T t = α 2 T x 2 + 2 T y 2 + 2 T z 2
初始条件:T(xyz,0) = T0
式中:T 为围岩温度,K ; t 为通风时间,s; α为岩体导温系数,m2/s; T0为原始岩温,K;xyz分别为三维坐标系下的向量。
巷道风流遵循的传热方程[15]:
( ρ f h ) t + ( ρ f v x h ) x + ( ρ f v y h ) y + ( ρ f v z h ) z = - p d i v v + d i v ( λ f g r a d T ) + ϕ
式中:vxvyvz分别表示速度沿坐标轴方向上的分量,m/s;p为流体微元体上的压力,Pa; ρ f 为风流密度,kg/m3h为风流焓值,kJ/kg; λ f为流体导热系数,W/(m·K); ϕ为耗散函数。
根据实际情况,设置模型边界条件,入口的边界条件:入口类型为速度入口,入口风流温度为T = 293.15 K,入口风流速度1 m/s;出口边界条件为自由出流边界。壁面边界条件:无滑移壁面,设为静止壁面并且选用标准壁面函数,粗糙度厚度为0.003m,粗糙度常数为0.5,壁面初始温度为原岩温度。
当围岩传热释放的热量经过多孔隔热材料时在传热路径上会产生3种传递路径如图2所示。
1) 围岩热量不经过材料内部的气孔,其传递路径较长,相当于间接增加了隔热层的厚度,在传递过程中损失了大量的热量。
2) 围岩热量在传递过程中,直接通过气孔在材料内部的气固两相当中进行传递,由于材料内封闭气孔中的空气导热系数远低于固体的导热系数,隔热效果得到加强。
3) 围岩热量经过隔热材料内部的固体介质和气孔中时,热量被完全消耗,不再发生热传递。
矿井巷道传热模型中主要涉及围岩、锚喷层和隔热层,围岩参考砂岩的热物性参数,锚喷层参考普通混凝土的热物性参数,隔热层则选取常用矿用隔热材料的热物性参数开展研究[16-17]。各材料的热物性参数见表1
在模拟过程中,设定密度1.2 kg/m3、温度20℃、 风速1m/s的新鲜风流,在通风达到稳定的条件下,分析巷道隔热层对巷道降温特性、围岩温度场分布特征的影响时,选取围岩初始温度为50℃。探究围岩初始温度的影响时,模拟研究原岩温度为45、50和55℃的情况[18]
选取表1中的5组隔热材料研究隔热材料对矿井巷内风流温度的影响,如图3所示,横坐标 0 m 表示巷道始端平面位置,1 000m表示巷道出口平面位置。
图3可知:巷道出口中心最低风流温度分别为301.53、302.77、300.24、302.99、302.19、301.89 K,添加隔热层后,巷道内风流温度上升的速度逐渐变得平缓,巷道出口中心风流温度最高降低 2.75 K,隔热材料导热系数小的巷道围岩,其温度普遍高于隔热材料导热系数大的巷道。这说明:隔热材料导热系数越低,巷道出口风流温度越低,隔热效果越好。
巷道隔热层厚度对巷道温度具有显著的影响,选用泡沫混凝土的隔热层厚度为0、5、10、15、20、25cm,通过模拟得到不同隔热层厚度下的巷道风流变化情况如图4所示。
图4可知:巷道出口中心风流温度分别为302.99、301.84、300.64、300.44、300.24和 299.9 K,在添加泡沫混凝土材料的隔热层后,巷道温度明显降低,巷道出口中心风流最大降幅为3.09 K。 隔热层厚度由5cm增加到10cm时,巷道温度下降 1.2 K,从10cm增加到25cm时,巷道温度仅下降0.74 K。 图5为隔热厚度与巷内风流温度的拟合关系,可以看出,随着隔热层厚度的增加,风流温度逐渐降低。隔热层越厚降温效果的降低幅度逐渐减弱,选用5~10cm厚的泡沫隔热混凝土材料综合效益最佳。
在原岩温度45、50和55℃的情况下模拟研究巷道围岩温度对隔热层隔热效果的影响,得到不同围岩温度下的巷道通风温度分布情况如图6所示。
图6可知:随着围岩温度的升高,有隔热层与无隔热层的巷内风流温差明显增大,围岩温度为 45℃ 时,巷道出口截面温差为1.96 K,当围岩温度为50℃时,温差为2.35 K,围岩温度为55℃时,温差为2.74 K。 并且,同围岩初始温度情况下,随着巷道长度的增加,有隔热层巷道与无隔热层巷道之间的温差也随之增加。因此,当巷道围岩温度越高,巷道越长时,泡沫隔热混凝土的隔热优势越明显。
为研究隔热材料对围岩调热圈的影响,选取巷道出口截面处(Z=1 000m)不同隔热材料下的围岩调热圈温度变化如图7所示,横坐标 0 m 表示巷道中心位置,调热圈半径以巷道中心至围岩边界计。
图7可知:巷道围岩径向温度分布基本一致,越往围岩深处,围岩温度越高,并且温度升高的幅度逐渐减小,在隔热层与锚喷层附近温度梯度变化情况较为明显。根据巷道围岩温度降低值超过初始围岩温度0.1%的范围为调热圈,调热圈与原岩的交界面至巷道中心的距离定义为围岩调热圈半径[19]。当隔热材料为矿渣保温材料、泡沫隔热混凝土、蛭石砂浆、普通保温砂浆、玻化微珠砂浆和普通混凝土时,巷道围岩调热圈半径分别为20.71,19.92,20.36,20.65,20.19,20.76m,即在隔热层厚度不变的情况下,随着隔热层隔热材料导热系数的增加,围岩调热圈半径逐渐增加,隔热材料导热系数越低,围岩温度场梯度变化越大。
在泡沫隔热混凝土不同厚度隔热条件下,巷道出口Z=1 000m截面处沿巷道围岩径向温度变化如图8所示。
图8可知:当泡沫隔热混凝土隔热层厚度为0~25cm时,巷道围岩调热圈半径依次为20.64,20.35,20.23,20.14,20.0,19.95m,即随着隔热层厚度的增加,围岩调热圈半径减小,但从整个围岩温度场分布情况来说,隔热层厚度对围岩调热圈半径的影响并不显著。
改变围岩初始温度,研究巷道围岩调热圈半径的变化,在巷道出口Z=1 000m截面处分析其影响如图9所示。
图9可知:在3种不同工况下,无隔热层围岩调温圈半径分别为20.29,20.64、20.85m,随着围岩初始温度的升高,调热圈半径也随之增加。通过对比发现,在不同初始围岩温度下添加隔热层,对围岩调热圈半径影响较小。在调热圈半径内,同一径向距离上,围岩温度越高,锚喷层和隔热层温度越高,在调热圈半径之外时,巷道围岩温度接近于初始温度。
研究3种工况下巷道出口截面的围岩温度分布情况,如图10所示。可知:矿井围岩的温度场近似于以巷道中心为圆心的同心圆,隔热巷道截面温度均低于无隔热层巷道截面温度。围岩温度分布与锚喷层、隔热层和原岩层的空间分布保持一致,围岩温度分布具有明显的分区域特征。隔热层、锚喷层、原岩层交界面处的温度连续,但温度梯度发生突变,这说明隔热层主要是通过改变围岩内部的温度梯度来减缓围岩向巷道风流散热,并且随着围岩初始温度的升高,隔热层的隔热效果越加明显。
1) 通过模拟分析隔热层对巷内风流温度的影响,研究发现:隔热材料的导热系数和隔热层厚度是影响巷道隔热降温效果的主要因素,隔热材料导热系数越低,降温效果越显著,最佳隔热层厚度为5~10cm。
2) 隔热材料、隔热层厚度和原始岩温3种因素对围岩调热圈半径均有一定程度的影响,其中围岩初始温度影响较大。围岩温度场与围岩层、锚喷层和隔热层在空间上分布一致,隔热层上的温度梯度最大。隔热材料导热系数与巷道围岩的温度梯度呈负相关;隔热层厚度、原岩温度与巷道围岩温度梯度呈正相关。
3) 通过对高温巷道热环境的研究发现,采取主动隔热降温的巷道风流温度明显低于无隔热巷道。本文中未考虑时间因素对巷道隔热降温与围岩温度场的影响,有待进一步研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(52174179)
  • 辽宁工程技术大学矿山热动力灾害与防治教育部重点实验室基金资助(JSK202204)
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2024年第34卷第2期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.02.0748
  • 接收时间:2023-08-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-11
  • 修回日期:2023-11-17
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国家自然科学基金资助(52174179)
辽宁工程技术大学矿山热动力灾害与防治教育部重点实验室基金资助(JSK202204)
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    湖南科技大学 资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南 湘潭 411201
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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