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Article(id=1149741763193127390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149741761771258326, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)02-0144-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.02.0797, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1692806400000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-24, revisedDate=1700496000000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752049397514, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1709049600000, pubDateStr=2024-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752049397514, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752049397514, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752049397514, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149741761771258326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752049397175, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756468934610, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1168278645379440971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149741761771258326, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1168278645379440972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149741761771258326, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=144, endPage=152, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149741763432202722, articleId=1149741763193127390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Energy evolution characteristics of sandstone under different stress cycle paths, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to investigate the mechanical response of sandstone under cyclic stress from the energy perspective，the loading and unloading tests conducted along three cyclic paths which included an incremental step-by-step increase in initial peak stress at 10 MPa，an incremental step-by-step increase in initial peak stress at 80 MPa，and a constant peak stress maintained at 100 MPa. Subsequently，we analyzed the evolution characteristics of each energy component of sandstone based on the stress-strain curve and energy calculation results，taking into account the number of cycles and peak stress. The results show that as the number of cycles and peak stress increase，the hysteresis loop migrated to the direction of strain increase obviously only in the second cycle at the initial peak stress of 80 and 100 MPa. Different stress cycle paths make the unit volume dissipated energy shows different stage evolution characteristics. The energy values of sandstone change from a quadratic to a linear growth law as the peak stress increases in the hierarchical cyclic loading and unloading way，while in the constant amplitude cyclic loading and unloading way with the peak stress constant at 100 MPa，the unit volume energy and unit volume elastic energy of sandstone show an open downward quadratic decrease trend and the unit volume dissipative energy shows an exponential decrease trend. The effect of cyclic paths on the energy of sandstone in different stress ranges is quite different. In a comparison of the single and the hierarchical cyclic loading and unloading way，the energy difference is less than 10% when the peak stress is 80 MPa，while the energy difference is 22.74%-62.58% when the peak stress is 100 MPa.

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为从能量角度探究砂岩在循环应力作用下的力学响应，开展10 MPa初始峰值应力逐级递增、80 MPa初始峰值应力逐级递增及恒定100 MPa峰值应力3种循环路径下的加卸载试验，结合应力应变曲线和能量计算结果，分析砂岩各项能量随循环次数和峰值应力的演化特征。结果表明：随循环次数和峰值应力增加，初始峰值应力80和100 MPa时滞回环仅在第2次循环时向应变增大方向明显迁移。不同应力循环路径下单位体积耗散能表现出不同的阶段性演化特征，分级循环加卸载时，砂岩各项能量值随峰值应力增加由二次函数向线性函数增长特征转变，而峰值应力恒定为100 MPa等幅度循环加卸载时，随循环次数增加，砂岩单位体积能和单位体积弹性能呈开口向下的二次函数趋势下降，单位体积耗散能呈指数趋势下降。不同应力区间内循环路径对砂岩的能量影响有较大差异，分级循环加卸载与单次加卸载相比，峰值应力为80 MPa时各项能量相差均小于10%，峰值应力为100 MPa时各项能量相差达到22.74%~62.58%。

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张遵国 (1986—)，男，重庆人，博士，副教授，主要从事矿井灾害防治及CO2地质封存方面的研究。E-mail：。

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2 辽宁工程技术大学 矿山热动力灾害与防治教育部重点实验室，辽宁 葫芦岛 125105, bio={"img":"uNBY9w7TRSZeSX212piFlg==","content":"

张遵国 (1986—)，男，重庆人，博士，副教授，主要从事矿井灾害防治及CO2地质封存方面的研究。E-mail：。

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张遵国 (1986—)，男，重庆人，博士，副教授，主要从事矿井灾害防治及CO2地质封存方面的研究。E-mail：。

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不同应力循环路径下砂岩的能量演化特征
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张遵国 1, 2 , 袁新立 1 , 陈毅 1 , 唐朝 1 , 马凯欣 1 , 陈永强 1
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(2): 144-152
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(2): 144-152
不同应力循环路径下砂岩的能量演化特征
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张遵国1, 2 , 袁新立1, 陈毅1, 唐朝1, 马凯欣1, 陈永强1
作者信息
  • 1 辽宁工程技术大学 安全科学与工程学院，辽宁 葫芦岛 125105
  • 2 辽宁工程技术大学 矿山热动力灾害与防治教育部重点实验室，辽宁 葫芦岛 125105

    • 张遵国 (1986—)，男，重庆人，博士，副教授，主要从事矿井灾害防治及CO2地质封存方面的研究。E-mail：。

Energy evolution characteristics of sandstone under different stress cycle paths
Zunguo ZHANG1, 2 , Xinli YUAN1, Yi CHEN1, Chao TANG1, Kaixin MA1, Yongqiang CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Safety Science and Engineering，Liaoning Technical University，Huludao Liaoning 125105，China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Mine Thermo-motive Disaster & Prevention，Ministry of Education，Huludao Liaoning 125105，China
出版时间: 2024-02-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.02.0797
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摘要
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为从能量角度探究砂岩在循环应力作用下的力学响应，开展10 MPa初始峰值应力逐级递增、80 MPa初始峰值应力逐级递增及恒定100 MPa峰值应力3种循环路径下的加卸载试验，结合应力应变曲线和能量计算结果，分析砂岩各项能量随循环次数和峰值应力的演化特征。结果表明：随循环次数和峰值应力增加，初始峰值应力80和100 MPa时滞回环仅在第2次循环时向应变增大方向明显迁移。不同应力循环路径下单位体积耗散能表现出不同的阶段性演化特征，分级循环加卸载时，砂岩各项能量值随峰值应力增加由二次函数向线性函数增长特征转变，而峰值应力恒定为100 MPa等幅度循环加卸载时，随循环次数增加，砂岩单位体积能和单位体积弹性能呈开口向下的二次函数趋势下降，单位体积耗散能呈指数趋势下降。不同应力区间内循环路径对砂岩的能量影响有较大差异，分级循环加卸载与单次加卸载相比，峰值应力为80 MPa时各项能量相差均小于10%，峰值应力为100 MPa时各项能量相差达到22.74%~62.58%。

循环路径  /  砂岩  /  峰值应力  /  滞回环  /  能量演化  /  耗散能

In order to investigate the mechanical response of sandstone under cyclic stress from the energy perspective，the loading and unloading tests conducted along three cyclic paths which included an incremental step-by-step increase in initial peak stress at 10 MPa，an incremental step-by-step increase in initial peak stress at 80 MPa，and a constant peak stress maintained at 100 MPa. Subsequently，we analyzed the evolution characteristics of each energy component of sandstone based on the stress-strain curve and energy calculation results，taking into account the number of cycles and peak stress. The results show that as the number of cycles and peak stress increase，the hysteresis loop migrated to the direction of strain increase obviously only in the second cycle at the initial peak stress of 80 and 100 MPa. Different stress cycle paths make the unit volume dissipated energy shows different stage evolution characteristics. The energy values of sandstone change from a quadratic to a linear growth law as the peak stress increases in the hierarchical cyclic loading and unloading way，while in the constant amplitude cyclic loading and unloading way with the peak stress constant at 100 MPa，the unit volume energy and unit volume elastic energy of sandstone show an open downward quadratic decrease trend and the unit volume dissipative energy shows an exponential decrease trend. The effect of cyclic paths on the energy of sandstone in different stress ranges is quite different. In a comparison of the single and the hierarchical cyclic loading and unloading way，the energy difference is less than 10% when the peak stress is 80 MPa，while the energy difference is 22.74%-62.58% when the peak stress is 100 MPa.

cycle path  /  sandstone  /  peak stress  /  hysteresis loop  /  energy evolution  /  dissipation energy
张遵国, 袁新立, 陈毅, 唐朝, 马凯欣, 陈永强. 不同应力循环路径下砂岩的能量演化特征. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (2) : 144 -152 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.02.0797
Zunguo ZHANG, Xinli YUAN, Yi CHEN, Chao TANG, Kaixin MA, Yongqiang CHEN. Energy evolution characteristics of sandstone under different stress cycle paths[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (2) : 144 -152 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.02.0797
正文
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0 引言
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矿井进入深部开采后，巷道所处的地质环境愈发复杂，在开采的扰动下，岩体极易受到高应力和周期载荷作用而发生失稳[1]，一旦失稳，容易造成结构自身和人员生命财产的重大损失，还可能造成难以估量的次生灾害[2]。岩石破坏是能量耗散和能量释放共同作用导致的结果，能量的演化贯彻岩石变形破坏的全过程[3]。因此，研究岩石在不同应力循环路径下的能量演化特征，对探究矿井动力灾害发生机制及其防治具有重要意义。
近年来，众多学者从能量角度研究岩石在循环应力作用下的力学响应，赵忠虎等[4]从宏观和微观角度分析了在不同变形阶段中岩石能量的耗散与释放问题，发现能量耗散导致岩石强度降低，而能量释放是造成岩石灾变破坏的真正原因。HU Huarui等[5]针对预制角度砂岩试样，开展了循环加卸载试验，发现岩石裂隙角度越大，其储能能力越强，耗能能力越弱。卢俊平等[6]通过研究热处理后花岗岩能量耗散特征，发现温度越高，用于试样破坏的能量越少，耗散能、能耗密度下降幅度越大。汪泓等[7]对砂岩的干燥与饱和试件开展单轴循环加卸载试验，发现水分使砂岩的单位体积弹性能和单位体积耗散能降低。周俊等[8]对不同高径比花岗岩开展动态压缩试验，发现单位体积岩石破碎耗能随高径比增大而减小，且单位体积岩石破碎耗能大小与分形维数呈正相关。由爽等[9]开展了花岗岩的三轴加卸荷试验，得出高围压下岩石峰值破坏前内部储存的能量更多，在发生破坏时内部释放的变形能对岩石结构的冲击力度更强。刘冬桥等[10]对不同岩性的脆性岩石开展单轴压缩试验，在其能量演化特征基础上发现脆性岩石损伤演化过程整体呈S型发展趋势。王军祥等[11]通过分级循环加卸载试验，发现试件的总吸收能、耗散能和弹性能都呈上升趋势，总吸收能增长缓慢，增长速度随着循环次数增加逐渐变缓，耗散能在进入破坏阶段后迅速上升，弹性应变能变化趋势不明显，中等倾角的耗散能较多。综上所述，现有研究主要从裂隙角度、温度、水分、加载速率、岩性和循环次数等方面探究了岩石能量耗散特征，但不同应力循环路径对岩石能量演化的影响鲜有报道。
鉴于此，笔者拟以具有强冲击倾向性的砂岩为研究对象，开展3种应力路径下的循环加卸载试验，分析在不同应力加卸载路径下岩石的应力-应变曲线、单位体积能、单位体积弹性能和单位体积耗散能的演化特征，以期为深部开采矿井动力灾害防治提供理论指导。
1 应力循环路径下的加卸载试验
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1.1 试样制备
试验岩样取自黑龙江某煤矿17号煤层顶板(埋深约642.5m)，为质地均匀、完整性较好的粉砂岩，具有强冲击倾向性。
根据国际岩石力学学会标准，采用取心机在实验室取心后，使用切割机切割、双端面磨平机打磨(端面平行度±0.02 mm)，制得Φ50 mm×100 mm的标准试件(图1)。严格筛选加工成型后的试件，剔除表面有可见裂纹的试件。
为排除水分对岩石物理力学性质的影响，将加工好的岩样放入烘干箱中，在105 ℃下烘干24 h以上，直至1 h内试件质量变化小于0.005 g，然后，放入密封袋(排出多余空气)密封保存。
1.2 试验设备
加载设备采用液压万能材料试验机(图2)，该试验机最大轴向荷载为600 kN，由计算机控制，自动采集试验数据。
1.3 试验步骤
试验测得干燥状态下砂岩平均抗压强度为138.82 MPa，从单轴抗压强度测试中应力应变曲线(图3)可以看出，3个试件在0~100 MPa区间内应力应变曲线基本重合，具有较好的一致性，故确定最大循环峰值应力为100 MPa。
试验包括试件安装和循环加卸载2个阶段，具体步骤如下：
1) 试件安装。为消除端部效应，在每次试件安装前需要把试件两端均匀涂抹适量润滑脂，将涂抹好润滑脂的试件放置在试验机承压板中心，启动试验机使上承压板与试件上端面充分接触。
2) 循环加卸载试验。不同循环路径的加卸载路径如图4所示。
图4为循环路径1采用分级循环加卸载。试验机以0.5 MPa/s的速率加载到10 MPa时，再以相同的速率卸载至0.05 MPa(为保证试件与压力机充分接触，设置最低荷载为0.05 MPa)处。以此方式对同一岩样进行加载卸载循环，每一次加载的最大值比上一次高10 MPa，当循环峰值应力达到100 MPa时结束试验。
循环路径2同样采用分级循环加卸载。试验机以0.5 MPa/s的速率加载到80 MPa时，以相同速率卸载至0.05 MPa处。以此方式对同一岩样进行加卸载循环，每一次加载的最大值应比上一次高4 MPa，当循环峰值应力达到100 MPa时结束试验。
循环路径3采用等幅度循环加卸载。试验机以0.5 MPa/s的速率加载到100 MPa时，再以相同速率卸载至0.05 MPa处，加卸载循环20次后结束试验。
2 不同循环路径下应力-应变曲线
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不同循环路径下岩样的应力-应变曲线如图5所示。
从图5可以看出，在应力循环加-卸载路径下，各岩样卸载曲线与加载曲线并不重合，从而形成一封闭的滞回环(由于应力卸载至0.05MPa，故第1次循环的滞回环不封闭)，但各循环路径下滞回环的变化特征存在显著差异。
对于应力循环路径1(图5a)，由于初始峰值应力(10 MPa)较低，在初次加载过程中岩样内只有少量孔隙、裂隙压实。随着循环次数和峰值应力的不断增加，岩样内部的孔隙、裂隙大量闭合，每次循环加卸载均产生一定的塑性变形，该部分变形不可恢复，使加载曲线和卸载曲线所围成的滞回环随循环次数增加不断向应变增大的方向迁移[12]。
对于应力循环路径2(图5b)，岩样的滞回环仅在第2次循环时向应变增大的方向发生明显迁移，之后随循环次数的增加滞回环均无明显迁移现象。这是由于循环路径2下初始峰值应力(80 MPa)较高，在初次循环加卸载过程中岩样内部的原生孔隙、裂隙大量闭合，压实作用较为明显，使第2次的循环加卸载中滞回环向应变增大的方向产生明显迁移。而岩样在初次循环加卸载中经过压实作用后，轴向应力对岩石的内部孔隙、裂隙的影响降低，使滞回环的迁移现象减弱。
对于应力循环路径3(图5c)，在初始100 MPa峰值应力的作用下，初次循环加卸载过程中岩样内部的原生孔隙、裂隙大量闭合，压实作用较为明显，岩样产生较大塑性变形，使岩样的滞回环在第2次循环时向应变增大的方向发生明显迁移。由于每次循环加卸载的峰值应力恒定不变，在岩样中的孔隙、裂隙基本压实后，岩样变形能力随着循环次数的增加逐渐减弱[13]，导致第2~12次循环时滞回环基本重叠。但需要注意的是，高应力条件下多次进行循环加卸载会使岩石更容易产生损伤[14]，导致岩石力学强度的损失，提高岩石的压缩性，促使第13次循环时岩样在峰值应力处的应变量突然减小，随后，第14~20次循环与第13次循环的滞回环又表现出基本重叠现象。
3 不同循环路径下各项能量演化特征
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3.1 能量计算方法
单轴周期应力作用下，试件的循环加卸载是一个能量不断输入和耗散的过程。岩石吸收的能量，一部分形成弹性应变能，一部分以热能、辐射能等形式消耗掉，被称为耗散能。根据能量计算分析模型(图6)，并采用图形积分的方法计算应力-应变曲线每个循环下的单位体积能U、单位体积弹性能Ue及单位体积耗散能 U p[15]，得到各项能量。
计算公式如下[15]:
U = ∫ O C σ d ε U e = ∫ B C σ d ε U p = U - U e
式中：U为单位体积能，是加载曲线OAC与应变坐标轴围成的面积；Ue为单位体积弹性能，是卸载曲线ABC与应变坐标轴围成的面积；Up为单位体积耗散能，由单位体积能减去试样的单位体积弹性能即为单位体积耗散能，也就是加卸载曲线OAB之间的面积。
3.2 能量演化特征
根据式(1)计算得到岩样不同应力循环路径下U、Ue和Up与循环次数关系，如图7所示。
从图7中可以看出，岩石在不同循环加卸载方式下各项能量演化特征不尽相同。
在应力循环路径1中(图7a—图7c)，岩样的单位体积能、单位体积弹性能和单位体积耗散能均随循环次数的增加而增大，各项能量与循环次数均符合开口向上的二次函数关系，但在循环后期，各项能量与循环次数同样也有较好的线性相关性。
在应力循环路径2中(图7d—图7f)，岩样的单位体积能和单位体积弹性能随着循环次数的增加不断增大，二者呈线性函数关系。单位体积耗散能与循环次数呈开口向上的二次函数关系，其单位体积耗散能随循环次数增加先减少后趋于线性增长。
在应力循环路径3中(图7g—图7i)，岩样的单位体积能和单位体积弹性变形能与循环次数均符合开口向下的二次函数关系。单位体积耗散能与循环次数呈幂函数关系，随循环次数的增加单位体积耗散能不断下降，在循环初始时变化量较大，但随着循环次数的增加，变化量逐渐减小。
3.3 岩样能量耗散阶段性特征
岩石内部微缺陷不断闭合、新生裂隙发展演化表现为能量的耗散[16]。试验结果表明：砂岩在不同循环路径下耗散能表现出不同的阶段性特征。
1) 应力循环路径1。从图7c可以看出，应力循环路径1条件下岩样单位体积耗散能拟合曲线可分为加速增长和线性增长2个阶段。
在加速增长阶段，岩样在受到轴向应力的作用时，内部原生的微孔隙和裂隙被逐渐压密闭合，由于该循环路径下的初始峰值应力较小，循环一定次数后内部的孔隙和裂隙才基本被压密。因此，在压密阶段中，单位体积耗散能随循环次数的增加加速增长。
在线性增长阶段，当循环一定次数后，岩样内部孔隙、裂隙已经紧密压实，继续循环加卸载，轴向应力对岩样内部孔隙和裂隙的发育影响减小，在弹性阶段内单位体积耗散能变化较为稳定，趋于线性增长。
2) 应力循环路径2。从图7f可以看出，应力循环路径2下岩样的单位体积耗散能随循环次数的增加存在下降阶段和线性增长阶段，全过程拟合曲线呈V型。
在下降阶段，由于该循环路径下的初始峰值应力(80 MPa)较大，岩样受到的压密效应显著，使岩样在第1次加卸载循环时的单位体积耗散能相对于第2次明显较大，岩样单位体积耗散表现出下降趋势。
在线性增长阶段，从第2次加卸载循环后，随着循环次数和峰值应力增加，岩样的单位体积耗散能开始线性增长。这是由于初始应力较大，对砂岩的压密作用较强，在第1、2次循环加载时岩样已经充分压密，形成了较为稳定的孔隙结构，导致砂岩耗散能随循环次数近似线性变化。
需要注意的是，若循环初始时峰值应力较高，则在首次循环加卸载过程中轴向应力对岩样的压密效应较为明显，表现为第1次循环的单位体积耗散能较大(此现象在循环路径3中也有体现)。
3) 应力循环路径3。从图7i可以看出，应力循环路径3条件下岩样的单位体积耗散能在前5次循环中随着循环次数的增加快速下降，从第6次循环开始单位体积耗散能缓慢下降，该循环路径下岩样单位体积耗散能拟合曲线呈L型，大致可以分为 2个阶段。
在快速降低阶段，由于高轴向应力对岩样的压密效应，导致岩样第1次加卸载循环的单位体积耗散能较大。但在循环峰值应力不变的条件下，由3.2节分析可知：继续增加循环次数，岩样孔隙、裂隙的压密效应显著降低，表现为第2~5次循环中，岩样的单位体积耗散能迅速降低，但降低速率逐渐减小。
在缓慢降低阶段，当岩样内部的孔隙、裂隙在加速降低阶段被基本压密后，岩样的单位体积耗散能开始缓慢下降。虽然岩样经过压密且峰值应力不变，但是在高应力循环应力下，循环次数的增加使岩样内部形成一些新的孔隙、裂隙，在第5和第12次循环时岩样内部发生一定损伤，导致单位体积耗散能出现波动，波动后的单位体积耗散能随即恢复到拟合曲线附近处，表明在轴向应力较高时岩石能量特征的不稳定性[17]。计算可知：第1次和2次波动的幅值(与波动点前的单位体积耗散能相比)分别为11.50%和7.63%，且在波动后的稳定循环次数(稳定循环次数取2个波动点之间循环次数)分别为6和8次。可见：在缓慢降低阶段，随着循环次数增加单位体积耗散能波动的幅值减小，且波动后的稳定循环次数增加，在较高的峰值应力下，岩样内部孔隙和裂隙具有不稳定性，而随着循环次数的增加，岩样逐渐趋于稳定。
3.4 循环路径对岩样各项能量的影响
为探究不同峰值应力范围内循环路径对岩样各项能量的影响，对比分析应力为80和100 MPa时 3种循环路径下岩样的各项能量大小关系(图8)。
从图8a可以看出，峰值应力为80 MPa时，岩样在循环路径1下的单位体积能、单位体积弹性能和单位体积耗散能分别为28.89、25.535和3.355 J/cm3，在循环路径2下的各项能量分别为26.525、23.333和3.192 J/cm3。岩样在循环路径2下的各项能量较循环路径1分别低8.19%、8.62%和4.86%。可见：当峰值应力为80 MPa，即循环应力在10~80 MPa范围时，轴向应力对岩样的破坏和能量演化影响较小，2种循环路径下岩样各项能量相差不大。
从图8b可以看出，在循环峰值应力为100 MPa时，岩样在循环路径1下的单位体积能、单位体积弹性能和单位体积耗散能分别为43.542、38.421和5.121 J/cm3；在循环路径2下的各项能量分别为40.904、37.034和3.87 J/cm3；在循环路径3下的各项能量分别为60.072、49.73和10.342 J/cm3。不同应力循环路径下岩样的各项能量大小关系均为：循环路径3>循环路径1>循环路径2。循环路径1较循环路径3的各项能量分别小27.52%、22.74%和50.48%，循环路径2较循环路径3的各项能量分别低31.91%、25.53%和62.58%。可见：循环峰值应力在80~100 MPa阶段时，轴向应力对岩样的单位体积耗散能影响较大，且循环次数越多，岩样在峰值应力为100 MPa时的单位体积耗散能越小。
分析可知：在循环峰值应力为80 MPa时，分级循环加卸载至80 MPa与单次加卸载至80 MPa相比，循环路径对岩样的各项能量值影响较小，路径2较路径1的各项能量值相差均小于10%。而在循环峰值应力为100 MPa时，分级循环加卸载至100 MPa与单次加卸载至100 MPa相比，循环路径对岩样的单位体积耗散能影响较大，对单位体积能和单位体积弹性能影响也有明显提升，路径1与路径2较路径3的单位体积耗散能均相差大于50%、单位体积能和单位体积弹性能相差均大于20%。相关研究表明：在单轴循环加卸载试验中，当循环峰值应力远低于试件的屈服强度时，即使循环次数达到上万次，岩石也不会被破坏[18]；在三轴循环加卸载试验中，当试样未进入塑性区时，试样损伤较小，微裂纹在试样内随机产生，应力和微裂纹数目的变化并未受循环加卸载太大影响[19]；在煤的吸附/解吸试验中，当试验应力条件远低于煤样屈服强度时，对煤样本身的损伤可忽略不计[20]。岩石的能量耗散变化一定程度上反映了其内部的损伤程度[21]。因此，当环境应力远小于岩样本身的屈服强度时，不论是对于单轴、三轴还是吸附/解吸试验，循环加/卸载对岩样的力学性能影响均较小。
4 结论
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1) 随着循环次数增加，在初始峰值应力较低(10 MPa)时，应力-应变曲线的滞回环向应变增大的方向不断迁移，而初始峰值应力较高(80 MPa)时，滞回环仅在第2次循环时向应变增大方向产生明显迁移，后续循环中迁移现象减弱。
2) 不同应力循环路径下砂岩的能量演化特征存在显著差异。分级循环加卸载时，随峰值应力的提高，砂岩的各项能量值随循环次数增加由二次函数增长特征向线性增长特征转变；峰值应力恒定100 MPa进行等幅度循环加卸载时，随循环次数的增加，砂岩的单位体积能和单位体积弹性能呈开口向下的二次函数趋势下降，单位体积耗散能呈指数趋势下降。
3) 不同循环路径下，砂岩的单位体积耗散能具有不同的阶段性演化特征。初始峰值应力为10 MPa的分级循环加卸载条件下单位体积耗散能存在加速增长阶段和线性增长阶段，初始峰值应力80 MPa的分级循环加卸载条件下单位体积耗散能存在下降阶段和线性上升阶段，峰值应力为100 MPa的等幅度循环加卸载条件下单位体积耗散能存在加速降低阶段和缓慢降低阶段。
4) 不同应力区间内循环路径对砂岩的能量影响有较大差异。分级循环加卸载与单次加卸载相比，在10~80 MPa区间内，循环路径对岩样的各项能量值影响较小，峰值应力为80 MPa时，2种循环方式下各项能量相差均小于10%;而在80~100 MPa区间内，循环路径对岩样的各项能量影响明显提升，峰值应力为100 MPa时，2种循环方式下单位体积耗散能相差大于50%、单位体积能和单位体积弹性能相差均大于20%。
基金
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  • 辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研项目资助(LJKZ0345)
文献
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2024年第34卷第2期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.02.0797
  • 接收时间：2023-08-24
  • 首发时间：2025-07-09
  • 出版时间：2024-02-28
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  • 收稿日期：2023-08-24
  • 修回日期：2023-11-21
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辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研项目资助(LJKZ0345)
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    1 辽宁工程技术大学 安全科学与工程学院，辽宁 葫芦岛 125105
    2 辽宁工程技术大学 矿山热动力灾害与防治教育部重点实验室，辽宁 葫芦岛 125105
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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