Article(id=1149739129778389392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149739129056969102, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)03-0171-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.03.1751, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1693584000000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-02, revisedDate=1702742400000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752048769659, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1711555200000, pubDateStr=2024-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752048769659, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752048769659, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752048769659, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149739129056969102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752048769486, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756468931593, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1168278632783950282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149739129056969102, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1168278632783950283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149739129056969102, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=171, endPage=178, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149739130088767890, articleId=1149739129778389392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Study on influencing factors and dust suppression effect of coal seam injection gum-forming dust suppressant, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the problems of easy water loss and poor dust suppression effect in coal seam water injection technology,a dust suppression method which can not only increase the water retention rate of coal seam but also improve the brittleness of coal seam was proposed. A gum-forming dust suppressant based on sodium alginate (SA) was developed. The effects of surfactant,viscosity and injection pressure on the gum-forming dust suppressant were tested by means of specific surface area test,nitrogen adsorption test,scanning electron microscope test and dust production rate test. The test results show that the surfactant is beneficial to the wetting of the coal seam,but has little effect on the dust suppression. The increase of the viscosity of the dust suppressant is conducive to water retention,which can increase the water retention time from 10 h to 30 h,but it will make it difficult for the material to enter the coal seam. The injection pressure has a great influence on the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant. When the coal seam injection pressure is small,the dust suppressant is difficult to quickly penetrate into the internal pores of the coal. With the increase of pressure,the dust suppressant gradually penetrates into the coal pores. When the injection pressure rises to 3 MPa,the dust suppression effect no longer increases with the increase of pressure,and the dust production rate is reduced from 4% to 2.3%,which is relatively decreased by 50%,effectively reducing the dust production.

, correspAuthors=Jinliang LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yi LI, Wei LU, Jinliang LI, Yunlong CHEN, Shujie ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149739144080966573, articleId=1149739129778389392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=煤层注射成胶型抑尘剂影响因素及抑尘效果研究, columnId=1149733269727526997, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全工程技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决煤层注水降抑尘技术中水分易流失,开采时注水抑尘效果较差等问题,提出一种既能增加煤层保水率又能改善煤层脆性的抑尘方法:研制出以海藻酸钠(SA)为基质的成胶型抑尘剂,并开展比表面积试验、氮气吸附试验、扫描电镜试验和产尘率试验,研究表面活性剂、黏度及注射压力对成胶型抑尘剂的影响。结果表明:表面活性剂有利于煤层润湿,但对抑尘效果影响较小;抑尘剂黏度增大有利于保水,可使保水时间由10 h提升至30 h,但会导致材料难以进入煤层内部;注射压力对于抑尘剂的抑尘效果具有较大影响,当煤层注射压力较小时,抑尘剂难以快速渗入煤的内部孔隙中,随着压力的增大,抑尘剂逐渐渗入煤孔隙中。当注射压力升至3 MPa后,抑尘效果不再随压力的增加而增加,产尘率由4%降低至2.3%,相对降幅达50%,有效降低了产尘。

, correspAuthors=李金亮, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 李金亮(1984—),男,山东寿光人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿井火灾防治理论与技术、防灭火材料、化工安全等方面的研究。E-mail:
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李懿 (1999—),男,河南信阳人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为煤矿粉尘防控。E-mail:

陆伟,教授。

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figureFileSmall=+z4tyfY/FgtltdBXTpDkkQ==, figureFileBig=CCKUSCWuaUXhArNJ2SqCeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168130460749144666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149739129778389392, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Action mechanism of dust suppressant, figureFileSmall=mqxfjHglEE62AAmi98JolA==, figureFileBig=qnsYFgDfa8EI9+/jNLuoqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168130460837225051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149739129778389392, language=CN, label=图11, caption=抑尘剂作用机制, figureFileSmall=mqxfjHglEE62AAmi98JolA==, figureFileBig=qnsYFgDfa8EI9+/jNLuoqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168130460895945308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149739129778389392, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Industrial analysis of coal samples%

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煤样 工业分析
水分 灰分 挥发分 固定碳
东滩煤 2.74 7.79 33.69 55.78
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煤样工业分析

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煤样 工业分析
水分 灰分 挥发分 固定碳
东滩煤 2.74 7.79 33.69 55.78
), ArticleFig(id=1168130461013385822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149739129778389392, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Specific surface area of coal samples at atmospheric pressure

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煤样 BET比表面积/
(m2·g-1)
总孔体积/
(mL·g-1)
原煤 2.683 4 0.011 3
水处理 2.643 9 0.009 3
抑尘剂处理 2.032 5 0.008 6
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常压下的比表面积

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煤样 BET比表面积/
(m2·g-1)
总孔体积/
(mL·g-1)
原煤 2.683 4 0.011 3
水处理 2.643 9 0.009 3
抑尘剂处理 2.032 5 0.008 6
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煤层注射成胶型抑尘剂影响因素及抑尘效果研究
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李懿 1, 2 , 陆伟 1, 2 , 李金亮 1, 2, ** , 陈云龙 1, 2 , 赵舒洁 1, 2
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(3): 171-178
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(3): 171-178
煤层注射成胶型抑尘剂影响因素及抑尘效果研究
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李懿1, 2 , 陆伟1, 2, 李金亮1, 2, ** , 陈云龙1, 2, 赵舒洁1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 安徽理工大学 安全科学与工程学院,安徽 淮南 232001
  • 2 安徽理工大学 深部煤矿采动响应与灾害防控国家重点试验室,安徽 淮南 232001
  • 李懿 (1999—),男,河南信阳人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为煤矿粉尘防控。E-mail:

    陆伟,教授。

通讯作者:

** 李金亮(1984—),男,山东寿光人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿井火灾防治理论与技术、防灭火材料、化工安全等方面的研究。E-mail:
Study on influencing factors and dust suppression effect of coal seam injection gum-forming dust suppressant
Yi LI1, 2 , Wei LU1, 2, Jinliang LI1, 2, ** , Yunlong CHEN1, 2, Shujie ZHAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Safety Science and Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan Anhui 232001,China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan Anhui 232001,China
出版时间: 2024-03-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.03.1751
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为解决煤层注水降抑尘技术中水分易流失,开采时注水抑尘效果较差等问题,提出一种既能增加煤层保水率又能改善煤层脆性的抑尘方法:研制出以海藻酸钠(SA)为基质的成胶型抑尘剂,并开展比表面积试验、氮气吸附试验、扫描电镜试验和产尘率试验,研究表面活性剂、黏度及注射压力对成胶型抑尘剂的影响。结果表明:表面活性剂有利于煤层润湿,但对抑尘效果影响较小;抑尘剂黏度增大有利于保水,可使保水时间由10 h提升至30 h,但会导致材料难以进入煤层内部;注射压力对于抑尘剂的抑尘效果具有较大影响,当煤层注射压力较小时,抑尘剂难以快速渗入煤的内部孔隙中,随着压力的增大,抑尘剂逐渐渗入煤孔隙中。当注射压力升至3 MPa后,抑尘效果不再随压力的增加而增加,产尘率由4%降低至2.3%,相对降幅达50%,有效降低了产尘。

成胶型抑尘剂  /  煤层注水  /  抑尘效果  /  产尘率  /  保水率  /  协同效应

In order to solve the problems of easy water loss and poor dust suppression effect in coal seam water injection technology,a dust suppression method which can not only increase the water retention rate of coal seam but also improve the brittleness of coal seam was proposed. A gum-forming dust suppressant based on sodium alginate (SA) was developed. The effects of surfactant,viscosity and injection pressure on the gum-forming dust suppressant were tested by means of specific surface area test,nitrogen adsorption test,scanning electron microscope test and dust production rate test. The test results show that the surfactant is beneficial to the wetting of the coal seam,but has little effect on the dust suppression. The increase of the viscosity of the dust suppressant is conducive to water retention,which can increase the water retention time from 10 h to 30 h,but it will make it difficult for the material to enter the coal seam. The injection pressure has a great influence on the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant. When the coal seam injection pressure is small,the dust suppressant is difficult to quickly penetrate into the internal pores of the coal. With the increase of pressure,the dust suppressant gradually penetrates into the coal pores. When the injection pressure rises to 3 MPa,the dust suppression effect no longer increases with the increase of pressure,and the dust production rate is reduced from 4% to 2.3%,which is relatively decreased by 50%,effectively reducing the dust production.

gum-forming dust suppressant  /  coal seam water injection  /  dust suppression effect  /  dust production rate  /  water retention rate  /  synergies effect
李懿, 陆伟, 李金亮, 陈云龙, 赵舒洁. 煤层注射成胶型抑尘剂影响因素及抑尘效果研究. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (3) : 171 -178 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.03.1751
Yi LI, Wei LU, Jinliang LI, Yunlong CHEN, Shujie ZHAO. Study on influencing factors and dust suppression effect of coal seam injection gum-forming dust suppressant[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (3) : 171 -178 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.03.1751
随着煤矿采掘机械化水平的不断提高,粉尘危害日益突出[1]。大量粉尘不仅容易引发煤矿粉尘爆炸[2-3],而且,工人长时间接触粉尘容易患尘肺病。据我国卫计委不完全统计,截至2021年底,全国(不含港澳台地区)累计报告职业性尘肺病患者约91.5万人,其中,大部分来自煤矿从业人员,每年因尘肺病死亡的人数是矿难和其他工伤事故死亡人数的6倍多[4]。因此,采取有效防尘措施降低井下粉尘浓度,对于保障煤炭行业健康发展具有重要意义。
目前,随着各项防尘控尘技术的发展,已经形成煤矿减尘(煤层注水源头减尘)、抑尘(化学试剂覆盖尘源抑制产尘)、除尘(干式与湿式除尘器高效除尘)的三位一体防尘技术[5]。其中,煤层注水作为源头减尘技术被广泛应用[6-9],诸多学者对煤层注水的抑尘效果展开研究,尤其是在利用表面活性剂提高润湿性能方面取得较多成果。如廖茂林等[10]研究了表面活性剂之间的协同效应润湿作用,并分析了煤尘粒径对表面活性剂润湿特性的影响。但单一的表面活性剂用于煤层注水存在抑尘效果不明显、注水后二次失水等问题。为解决这些问题,大量学者通过复配和改性研制出具备协同效应的复合型抑尘剂。周刚等[11]以杉木锯屑为原材料,通过微波-辅助-原位合成制备了一种新型绿色高吸水抑尘剂,有效提高了煤层表面的润湿性。SUN Jing等[12]将2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸和衣康酸以不同组合引入到海藻酸钠(Sodium Alginate,SA)的聚合物链中,并添加阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠和非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚,发现具有较好的润湿性和协同效应。除在煤层注水时普遍添加表面活性剂等提高注煤体润湿效果外,还采用不同注射压力来增加润湿半径和效果来实现降尘[13],程卫民等[14]提出混合式煤层注水,得出了注水量与注水压力及注水时间的关系、煤层注水与降低工作面现场的粉尘含量间的关系。
上述学者分别从煤的润湿性和注射压力方面研究了煤层注水抑尘效果,取得较好成果,但上述措施存在水分易流失,开采时注水抑尘效果较差等缺点[15],需要从提高煤层保水性和韧性方面进一步展开研究,而胶体具有较好的保水性和增韧性。为此,笔者拟研发成胶型抑尘剂,并分析抑尘剂润湿性、黏度、协同效应和煤层注水压力之间的关系;确定煤层内注射成胶型抑尘剂的主要影响因素,并通过微观表征阐释成胶型抑尘剂具有协同效应抑尘的内在原因,以期为煤矿的粉尘防治提供新的解决思路和方法。
从兖矿集团东滩煤矿中取新鲜煤样,按《煤样的制备方法》(GB474—2008)破碎和筛分后,制备成粒径为2~5目的煤块备用。取适量进行工业分析,具体数据见表1
鉴于井下特殊环境,应选取无毒无害的材料。主要有:十二烷基苯磺酸钠(Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate,SDBS)、十二烷基硫酸钠(Sodium lauryl sulfate,SDS)、α—烯基磺酸钠(Sodium Alpha-olefin Sulfonate,AOS)、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(4-Nonyl Phenol Diethoxylate,NPE)、十二烷基葡糖苷(Alkyl Polyglycoside,APG)、海藻酸钠、葡萄糖酸内酯(Delta-Gluconolactone,GDL)和乙二胺四乙酸二钠钙(Sodium Calcium Edetate,EDTA)。
配置质量分数为0.3%的SA溶液和质量分数为0.1%的SDBS溶液的混合溶液,常温搅拌30 min至消泡后。取0.35g GDL与0.35g EDTA加入溶液中,继续搅拌至完全溶解,得到成胶型抑尘剂。将新鲜煤样筛分成2~5目的试验样品煤块,每组取 50g 煤样,分别在水、不同表面活性剂、海藻酸钠溶液和成胶型抑尘剂下进行模拟煤层注水试验和常压浸泡试验。压力试验的压力范围为0.1~4 MPa,压力作用时间为4 h。试验结束后,待样品完全干燥,通过落锤试验来测定不同样品的产尘率。具体试验流程如图1所示。
称取一定质量的表面活性剂,分别配置不同质量分数的溶液。采用最大气泡法,在20℃下测定溶液的表面张力,取3次结果的平均值作为最终的测定结果。
为了验证不同浓度的表面活性剂溶液对煤尘润湿能力,根据《矿井降尘剂性能测定方法》(MT 506—1996),开展自然沉降试验。通过计算煤尘样品质量与沉降时间的比值来确定沉降速度,超过 60 min 未完成沉降则视作不沉降,沉降速度为0,取 3次结果的平均值作为最终测定结果。
1) 产尘率。参考王自亮[15]提出的煤和岩石产尘特性指标实验室测试方法来测试煤样的产尘率。使用固定高度自由落锤破坏煤样,并将煤样通过200目的筛网收集产出的煤粉,测量质量后计为w,原煤样质量计为W,产尘率计算公式如下:
η = w W × 100 %
式中:η为煤样的产尘率,%;W为原煤样质量,g;w为煤样的产尘质量,g。
2) 保水率。通过煤样重量变化计算煤中水分变化,获得不同抑尘材料的保水率。具体过程为:分别称取原煤和干燥前后煤样的重量,通过差值计算获得试验后煤样中的含水量M和干燥后煤中含水量m,计算 σ。具体计算公式如下:
σ = m M × 100 %
式中: σ为煤样的保水率,%;m为干燥后煤样含水量,g;M为试验后煤样含水量,g。
采用全自动比表面积与孔隙度分析仪对不同组的煤样进行低温液氮等温吸附试验分析。测试前在378.15 K下进行抽真空处理,去除样品中的杂质,随后在77 K温度下测量不同相对压力下的比表面积。
采用扫描电镜扫描不同组的煤样。先将处理好的煤颗粒样品用导电胶固定在样品托盘上,再用吹扫器清洁样品表面,将样品托盘固定并喷金300s,增加煤颗粒表面的导电性能,放入样品仓,抽真空至10-3Pa。试验中开高压扫描目标,选择3 000放大倍数观测煤样表面形貌结构。
影响抑尘剂进入煤层的主要因素包括材料润湿煤的能力、材料黏度和注射压力。一般来说,分子量越大的抑尘剂,其保水性能以及成胶性能就越好,但同时抑尘剂的黏性也会越高,流动性会越差,导致材料难以进入煤的内服孔隙结构中,造成抑尘效果下降,为此,需要确定表面活性剂、黏度及注射压力对成胶型抑尘剂的影响。
表面张力和自然沉降速率能够反映溶液润湿煤的能力。测试不同类型的表面活性剂在不同浓度下的表面张力和自然沉降速率,以获取适用于成胶型抑尘剂的表面活性剂,试验结果如图2图3所示。
表面活性剂可降低溶液的表面张力,溶液的表面张力越小,对煤样的润湿性越强。从图2图3可以看出,5种表面活性剂的变化特征基本一致,随着表面活性剂质量分数的提升,煤粉在溶液中的沉降速度逐渐上升,溶液的表面张力迅速降低,达到临界胶束质量分数0.1%后趋于稳定。5种表面活性剂降低溶液表面张力的能力有所差异,其能力由大到小排序为:SDBS>APG>NPE>SDS>AOS。
将不同表面活性剂按临界束胶质量分数(0.1%)进行浸泡煤样,完全干燥后进行产尘试验,试验结果如图4所示。由图4可知:相比于原煤,添加不同表面活性剂煤的产尘率都有略微降低。说明表面活性剂只是增加煤的润湿性对煤产尘具有一定抑制作用。但是表面活性剂并不能够对煤层的保水性产生影响,存在一定局限性。
黏度越大材料成胶越好,抑尘效果也越好,但是,黏度越大,注入煤层的阻力也越大,因此,需要明确材料黏度随时间的变化特征,以质量分数为0.3%的SA和0.1%的SDBS混合溶液为基质,复配不同质量分数GDL与EDTA的混合溶液。测量其黏度随时间的变化,试验结果如图5所示。
图5可知:随着钙源和诱导剂质量分数的逐渐增大,溶液黏度也逐渐变大,尤其是当质量分数超过0.45%后,海藻酸钠溶液与钙源和诱导剂的原始质量分数已经具有较高的黏度,不适合进行煤层注射,而复配溶液在0.25%不仅成胶时间较长,而且在成胶时间内黏度相对较小。由此得出抑尘剂的最佳配比:0.1%SDBS+0.3%SA+0.25%GDL+0.25%EDTA。此时,抑尘剂溶液在注入煤层过程中阻力相对较小,可以比较顺利地注入煤层,在煤层内有较为充足的时间渗入煤孔隙中进行交联成胶,从而实现保水和增韧的目的。
煤层注入抑尘剂的效果受抑尘剂黏度和注射压力的影响较大,压力越大流动越快且距离越远。因此,煤层注射压力对于抑尘剂在煤层内的流动及成胶具有重要影响。进行不同压力试验,试验结果如图6所示。
图6可知:不同压力下,表面活性剂都对煤的产尘具有一定的抑制作用,且随着压力增大,煤的产尘率逐渐降低,这主要是由于压力变大,水可以更容易进入煤中微小孔隙中,起到增加煤样含水率的作用,但是,当压力升至3MPa后,随着压力的继续增加,压力对煤的抑尘的作用基本不变,这是由于此压力下水分已经可以进入煤中主要孔隙中,很难进一步增加煤的润湿性。
在不同压力作用下,添加多组分材料对煤产尘率的影响规律符合上述规律,但是抑尘效果具有很明显的差异,单独添加海藻酸钠具有一定抑尘效果,这是因为海藻酸钠分子量较小,能够有效地进入煤中微小孔隙,且海藻酸钠含有较多的羧基和羟基,具有很好的保水性能。采用成胶型抑尘剂后,展现出更优良的降尘能力,煤样的产尘率降至2.3%,相较于原煤4.3%左右的产尘率,同比降低接近50%,这是因为成胶型抑尘剂是具有缓慢成胶的特性,在压力作用下,材料可以加速进入煤孔隙中,并在煤孔隙内外交联成胶。除了具有良好的保水性外,还对煤的脆性具有一定的增强作用,从而降低煤样的产尘率。
为进一步验证成胶型抑尘剂的保水和增韧对产尘的抑制作用,分别利用水、海藻酸钠和成胶型抑尘剂进行试验,获得不同材料在最佳压力下对煤样处理后的保水率和产尘率。试验结果如图7图8所示。
图7可知:单纯用水混合表面活性剂注射至煤中后,其保水率随着烘干时间迅速下降,煤样内水分完全蒸发需要9~10 h,说明单纯煤层注水后水分容易流失。采用海藻酸钠注入煤中后,海藻酸钠与表面活性剂处理后的煤样中的水分则需要26 h左右,同比增加接近300%,这是因为海藻酸钠含有大量羧基和羟基,很容易与水分结合,从而起到一定的保水作用。而成胶型抑尘剂所需的时间则更长,这是因为成胶型抑尘剂不仅具有海藻酸钠的保水能力,而且能够交联成胶,从而能够更地的保持水分。
图8可以看出,含水率对于煤层产尘具有非常好的效果,当含水率未降低至20%以下时,煤的产尘率极低,而随着水分的流失,产尘率逐渐增大。相较于纯水来说,采用成胶型抑尘剂的产尘率大幅下降,是因为成胶型抑尘剂具有更好的保水效果,还能够交联成胶增加煤的韧性,从而起到协同降尘的作用。
分别测试不同材料处理后的煤尘样品的比表面积,试验结果见表2
表2可以看出,原煤的比表面积最大,为2.683 4m2/g,经过水和成胶型抑尘剂浸泡后,煤样的比表面积均有所下降。经过水处理的下降较少,比表面积为2.643 9 m2/g;经过成胶型抑尘剂处理后的煤样的比表面积下降至2.032 5m2/g。这说明抑尘剂中的材料能够进入煤孔隙并在煤孔隙中成胶,降低煤的比表面积,可降低产尘率。
为进一步了解压力对抑尘剂进入煤层的影响,对经过水和成胶型抑尘剂压力处理后的煤样进行比表面积测试,试验结果如图9所示。
图9可以看出,当压力为常压时,经过水和成胶型抑尘剂处理后的煤样的比表面积分别为2.64和2.03 m2/g,存在较大差异,说明成胶型抑尘剂在常压下能够与煤样发挥作用。随着压力逐渐升高,2组试验的比表面积均呈下降趋势,但是当压力增大至3MPa时,比表面积随着压力的增大基本不变,说明此时材料已经能够进入煤中的所有孔隙中,这从微观角度也验证了前文比表面积试验的结论。
分别对原有和注射成胶型抑尘剂的煤样,经最佳压力(3 MPa)处理后进行扫描电镜试验,两者煤样图像如图10所示。
图10a可以看出,原煤表面较为光滑,断裂处不规则,容易碰撞后再次断裂产尘。从图10b可以看出,经过成胶型抑尘剂处理后的煤样表面较为粗糙,并且在标注处发生较为明显的团聚现象,这说明成胶型抑尘剂将更多的煤尘黏附在一起,结合成胶型抑尘剂对煤样比表面积造成的变化,可以看出,成胶型抑尘剂不仅能够在煤样表面形成网状结构,更能够渗入煤样孔隙,在煤样内部和表面形成包裹整个煤样的结构,达到高效抑制煤产尘的目的。
综合前面的试验可知:成胶型抑尘剂主要组分包括SDBS、SA、GDL与EDTA。由于EDTA和GDL可以实现Ca2+的缓慢释放,进而达到控制抑尘剂成胶时间,溶液在未成胶之前,能够通过压力作用分别进入煤的主要孔隙中,煤孔隙中钙离子的正电荷与海藻酸钠的负电荷通过静电相互作用形成网络结构,这些结构含有的羧基和羟基具有良好的吸水特性,能够与煤中的羧基和羟基形成氢键,进而增加煤体的韧性,提高抑尘效果,从根本上抑制产尘,抑尘剂作用机制如图11所示。
1) SDBS可有效降低煤表面张力,增加煤的润湿性,促进水分进入煤孔隙中,从而降低煤的产尘率。
2) 成胶型抑尘剂最佳配比为0.1%+0.3%SA+0.25%GDL+0.25%EDTA,在此配比下具有优越的黏度变化性质并能将保水时间由10 h延长至30 h。
3) 通过氮气吸附和扫描电镜试验可以得出,注射压力对于抑尘效果影响较大,随着压力增加,煤的比表面积呈现逐渐降低的趋势。压力达到3MPa之后不再随压力的增加而发生显著变化。此时通过扫描电镜能够发现成胶型抑尘剂已进入煤样中发挥作用。
4) 成胶型抑尘剂具有良好的抑尘效果,能够将煤样的产尘率由4%降低至2.3%,相对降幅达50%。成胶型抑尘剂能够在有效的成胶时间内进入至煤的内部孔隙中交联成胶,发挥保水和增韧的作用,进而降低产尘。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51974178)
  • 安徽省高等学校科学研究项目(2022AH050804)
  • 安徽省自然科学基金(2208085ME124)
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2024年第34卷第3期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.03.1751
  • 接收时间:2023-09-02
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-02
  • 修回日期:2023-12-17
基金
国家自然科学基金(51974178)
安徽省高等学校科学研究项目(2022AH050804)
安徽省自然科学基金(2208085ME124)
作者信息
    1 安徽理工大学 安全科学与工程学院,安徽 淮南 232001
    2 安徽理工大学 深部煤矿采动响应与灾害防控国家重点试验室,安徽 淮南 232001

通讯作者:

** 李金亮(1984—),男,山东寿光人,博士,副教授,主要从事矿井火灾防治理论与技术、防灭火材料、化工安全等方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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