Article(id=1149738961058316712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738954913661267, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)04-0026-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0395, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1697731200000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-20, revisedDate=1705680000000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752048729433, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1714233600000, pubDateStr=2024-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752048729433, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752048729433, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752048729433, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149738954913661267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752048727968, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756468927830, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1168278616925286857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738954913661267, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1168278616925286858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738954913661267, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=26, endPage=32, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149738961289003437, articleId=1149738961058316712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Research on knowledge production of risk communication for public health emergencies in China, columnId=1149733271128420907, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety social science and safety management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To deeply explore the knowledge production status and development logic in the field of risk communication for public health emergencies in China,this study systematically sorts out 234 core literatures from CNKI using bibliometrics and content analysis. First,the knowledge production trend is summarized through quantitative statistics; second,the Citespace software is used to construct a visual knowledge map of the main subjects and carriers of knowledge production and core issues,analyzing the current situation of knowledge production; finally,the content logic and process logic of knowledge production are sorted out through content analysis of the literature. The results show that the current knowledge production of risk communication for public health emergencies in China is driven by both "push" and "pull" factors. There is an obvious trend of interdisciplinary crossover,the content system of knowledge production is taking shape; and the methods of knowledge production are characterized by diversity.

, correspAuthors=Zitong CHAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shuang TAN, Zitong CHAI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149738968624841370, articleId=1149738961058316712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=中国突发公共卫生事件风险沟通知识生产研究, columnId=1149733271296193071, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全社会科学与安全管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为深入探究我国突发公共卫生事件风险沟通领域的知识生产状况与发展逻辑,运用文献计量法与内容分析法,系统梳理中国知网234篇核心文献。首先,通过量化统计总结知识生产态势;其次,利用Citespace软件构建知识生产主体与载体以及核心议题可视化知识图谱,分析知识生产现状;最后,通过分析文献内容,梳理知识生产的内容逻辑与过程逻辑。结果表明:当前,我国突发公共卫生事件风险沟通知识生产受“推力”与“拉力”共同驱动;存在明显学科交叉趋势;知识生产内容体系初具雏形;知识生产方法具有多样化特征。

, correspAuthors=柴子曈, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**柴子曈(1996—),男,河北石家庄人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为应急管理、风险沟通。E-mail:
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谭爽 (1986—),女,侗族,贵州遵义人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事应急管理、风险沟通等方面的研究。E-mail:

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谭爽 (1986—),女,侗族,贵州遵义人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事应急管理、风险沟通等方面的研究。E-mail:

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谭爽 (1986—),女,侗族,贵州遵义人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事应急管理、风险沟通等方面的研究。E-mail:

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China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33 (4): 140-147., articleTitle=Resilience evaluation of government collaborative governance networkin public health emergencies:based on prevention and control of novel coronavirus, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1168150821515567570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, awardId=23BGL274, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金资助(23BGL274), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1168150821595259347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, awardId=22GLB015, language=CN, fundingSource=北京市社会科学基金资助(22GLB015), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168150818449531285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168150818453725590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, companyId=1168150818449531285, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Law and Humanities,China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing),Beijing 100083,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168150818457919895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, companyId=1168150818449531285, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国矿业大学(北京) 文法学院,北京 100083)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1168150820211139004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Risk communication of public health emergencies in china over the years, figureFileSmall=TcfQEsl1yqUF8fLj1rRDLQ==, figureFileBig=jb1jjv0JYW1N7OAacCj/YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150820315996607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, language=CN, label=图1, caption=我国突发公共卫生事件风险沟通历年发文情况, figureFileSmall=TcfQEsl1yqUF8fLj1rRDLQ==, figureFileBig=jb1jjv0JYW1N7OAacCj/YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150820378911169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Citation graph of scholars in field of risk communication for public health emergencies, figureFileSmall=vYXEy5QIWqVTas7PRe7M5g==, figureFileBig=mP80XwK4ZD/oejTI9HP7UQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150820454408643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, language=CN, label=图2, caption=突发公共卫生事件风险沟通领域学者共被引图谱, figureFileSmall=vYXEy5QIWqVTas7PRe7M5g==, figureFileBig=mP80XwK4ZD/oejTI9HP7UQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150820534100421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Keyword co-occurrence graph for risk communication of public health emergencies, figureFileSmall=vtWFjhHreHbuCHdIW8/t/Q==, figureFileBig=rf1vh1XXG0lLAph7wHN3WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150820664123848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, language=CN, label=图3, caption=发公共卫生事件风险沟通关键词共现图谱, figureFileSmall=vtWFjhHreHbuCHdIW8/t/Q==, figureFileBig=rf1vh1XXG0lLAph7wHN3WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150820752204232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Statistical Results of scholars in the field of risk communication for public health emergencies

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排名 知识成果数量 知识产出者
1 9 邱五七
2 7 吴群红
3 6 郝艳华
4 5 钱玲
5 4 祝哲、宁宁、徐威、毛群安、
马昱、李杰、王心瑶、
解瑞谦、阚坚力、代亚君、
王晓菲、毛阿燕、陈超亿
6 3 王建明、唐雪峰、王坤、都率、
Cordia CHU、胡广宇、侯晓辉
), ArticleFig(id=1168150820894810570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

突发公共卫生事件风险沟通领域学者成果统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排名 知识成果数量 知识产出者
1 9 邱五七
2 7 吴群红
3 6 郝艳华
4 5 钱玲
5 4 祝哲、宁宁、徐威、毛群安、
马昱、李杰、王心瑶、
解瑞谦、阚坚力、代亚君、
王晓菲、毛阿燕、陈超亿
6 3 王建明、唐雪峰、王坤、都率、
Cordia CHU、胡广宇、侯晓辉
), ArticleFig(id=1168150820978696652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Statistics of sources and carriers of risk communication knowledge in public health emergencies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排名 发文
机构
发文
数量
发文
期刊
发文
数量
1 中国健康教育中心 13 中国健康教育 19
2 中国医学科学院
医学信息研究所
9 医学与社会 6
3 暨南大学 9 中国公共卫生管理 5
4 中国疾病预
防控制中心
8 中国公共卫生 5
5 哈尔滨医科大学 7 医学动物防制 4
6 格里菲斯大学
(澳大利亚)
7 中华疾病
控制杂志
3
7 清华大学 6 现代预防医学 3
8 浙江大学 6 预防医学情报杂志 3
9 山东大学 6 新闻界 2
10 安徽大学 5 风险灾害危机
研究危机研究
2
), ArticleFig(id=1168150821108720076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

突发公共卫生事件风险沟通知识成果来源及载体统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排名 发文
机构
发文
数量
发文
期刊
发文
数量
1 中国健康教育中心 13 中国健康教育 19
2 中国医学科学院
医学信息研究所
9 医学与社会 6
3 暨南大学 9 中国公共卫生管理 5
4 中国疾病预
防控制中心
8 中国公共卫生 5
5 哈尔滨医科大学 7 医学动物防制 4
6 格里菲斯大学
(澳大利亚)
7 中华疾病
控制杂志
3
7 清华大学 6 现代预防医学 3
8 浙江大学 6 预防医学情报杂志 3
9 山东大学 6 新闻界 2
10 安徽大学 5 风险灾害危机
研究危机研究
2
), ArticleFig(id=1168150821184217549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Clustering of key words in risk communication of public health emergencies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
聚类
聚类
大小
聚类主题 关键词
0 55 风险沟通 疫情防控、新冠肺炎疫情、
公共卫生、政府信任
1 29 公共卫生 突发事件、应急管理、
能力建设、卫生应急
2 19 社交媒体 危机沟通、新冠肺炎、
风险沟通、公共卫生能力建设
3 15 风险认知 伙伴关系、国际经验、
协商式、建立互信
4 15 风险感知 传播行为、作用、
疫情严重程度、风险信息
5 15 疫情防控 新冠肺炎疫情、政府信任、
媒体依赖、公众风险感知
6 14 信息沟通 危机管理、风险沟通、
SARS、天津市
7 9 政府 应对策略、公共卫生危机、
媒体、社会大众
), ArticleFig(id=1168150821259715023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

突发公共卫生事件风险沟通关键词聚类情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
聚类
聚类
大小
聚类主题 关键词
0 55 风险沟通 疫情防控、新冠肺炎疫情、
公共卫生、政府信任
1 29 公共卫生 突发事件、应急管理、
能力建设、卫生应急
2 19 社交媒体 危机沟通、新冠肺炎、
风险沟通、公共卫生能力建设
3 15 风险认知 伙伴关系、国际经验、
协商式、建立互信
4 15 风险感知 传播行为、作用、
疫情严重程度、风险信息
5 15 疫情防控 新冠肺炎疫情、政府信任、
媒体依赖、公众风险感知
6 14 信息沟通 危机管理、风险沟通、
SARS、天津市
7 9 政府 应对策略、公共卫生危机、
媒体、社会大众
), ArticleFig(id=1168150821335212496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Development of knowledge production themes in high citation literature

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间阶段 代表关键词 主体 视角
2003—2009年 沟通机制、公众、
信息传递
政府、
公众
政府信
息公开
2010—2019年 健康传播、卫生新
闻宣传、媒体
政府、
媒体
风险沟
通体系
2020年至今 传播转型、共同体、
疾病预防控制系统
政府、媒
体、公众
风险治
理能力
), ArticleFig(id=1168150821398127057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738961058316712, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

高引文献知识生产主题发展情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间阶段 代表关键词 主体 视角
2003—2009年 沟通机制、公众、
信息传递
政府、
公众
政府信
息公开
2010—2019年 健康传播、卫生新
闻宣传、媒体
政府、
媒体
风险沟
通体系
2020年至今 传播转型、共同体、
疾病预防控制系统
政府、媒
体、公众
风险治
理能力
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谭爽 , 柴子曈 **
中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2024,34(4): 26-32
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全社会科学与安全管理 2024, 34(4): 26-32
中国突发公共卫生事件风险沟通知识生产研究
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谭爽 , 柴子曈**
作者信息
  • 中国矿业大学(北京) 文法学院,北京 100083
  • 谭爽 (1986—),女,侗族,贵州遵义人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事应急管理、风险沟通等方面的研究。E-mail:

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**柴子曈(1996—),男,河北石家庄人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为应急管理、风险沟通。E-mail:
Research on knowledge production of risk communication for public health emergencies in China
Shuang TAN , Zitong CHAI**
Affiliations
  • School of Law and Humanities,China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing),Beijing 100083,China
出版时间: 2024-04-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0395
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为深入探究我国突发公共卫生事件风险沟通领域的知识生产状况与发展逻辑,运用文献计量法与内容分析法,系统梳理中国知网234篇核心文献。首先,通过量化统计总结知识生产态势;其次,利用Citespace软件构建知识生产主体与载体以及核心议题可视化知识图谱,分析知识生产现状;最后,通过分析文献内容,梳理知识生产的内容逻辑与过程逻辑。结果表明:当前,我国突发公共卫生事件风险沟通知识生产受“推力”与“拉力”共同驱动;存在明显学科交叉趋势;知识生产内容体系初具雏形;知识生产方法具有多样化特征。

突发公共卫生事件  /  风险沟通  /  知识生产  /  知识体系  /  知识创新

To deeply explore the knowledge production status and development logic in the field of risk communication for public health emergencies in China,this study systematically sorts out 234 core literatures from CNKI using bibliometrics and content analysis. First,the knowledge production trend is summarized through quantitative statistics; second,the Citespace software is used to construct a visual knowledge map of the main subjects and carriers of knowledge production and core issues,analyzing the current situation of knowledge production; finally,the content logic and process logic of knowledge production are sorted out through content analysis of the literature. The results show that the current knowledge production of risk communication for public health emergencies in China is driven by both "push" and "pull" factors. There is an obvious trend of interdisciplinary crossover,the content system of knowledge production is taking shape; and the methods of knowledge production are characterized by diversity.

public health emergencies  /  risk communication  /  knowledge production  /  knowledge system  /  knowledge innovation
谭爽, 柴子曈. 中国突发公共卫生事件风险沟通知识生产研究. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (4) : 26 -32 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0395
Shuang TAN, Zitong CHAI. Research on knowledge production of risk communication for public health emergencies in China[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (4) : 26 -32 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0395
风险沟通是个体、群体以及机构之间交换信息和看法的过程[1]。21世纪以来,我国突发公共卫生事件频发,并日益呈现出风险叠加、耦合、变异等特点,风险沟通也因此而面临愈发艰巨的挑战。对此,习近平总书记要求“多层次、高密度发布权威信息,正视存在的问题,回应群众的关切,努力营造良好舆论环境”,世卫组织则在《国际卫生条例》中将风险沟通列为政府危机治理的核心能力[2]
国际学界对突发公共卫生事件风险沟通已取得较为丰富的研究成果,学者们普遍认为,突发公共卫生情境下风险沟通应当遵循公开透明、及时准确、双向互动等准则,以提升公众对风险信息接受程度,进而促进有效的风险管理[3-4];亦形成一系列成熟的理论框架和实践指导原则[5-6]。国内研究虽然起步较晚,但近年来发展迅速,学者们不仅引入和借鉴国外的理论成果[7],还结合我国的实际情况,探讨个体差异[8]、政府角色[9]、媒体影响[10]等方面对风险沟通的影响。然而,现有研究主要基于具体突发公共卫生事件开展,针对该领域知识生产的内容、逻辑和方法还鲜有探讨。
鉴于此,笔者拟以中国知网中学术期刊、博士论文、硕士论文3个全文数据库中的234篇高度相关文献为样本,结合文献计量、内容分析、知识图谱可视化等方法,回溯中国突发公共卫生事件风险沟通的知识生产历程,力求呈现该领域知识生产的图景与逻辑,为实务部门科学决策提供理论支撑,以期提升未来突发公共卫生事件风险沟通工作水平。
突发公共卫生事件风险沟通知识生产的动力源于认知和实践需求,包含推力与拉力。一方面,非典、禽流感、猪流感、新冠肺炎等传染病持续出现给风险沟通带来挑战,运用理论指导实践的迫切需求成为知识生产重要推力;另一方面,各级各类政府发布的科研项目也为知识生产提供了坚实的资金支持,牵引学术成果不断创新,知识体系不断完善。
1) 知识生产推力—突发公共卫生事件应对需求。2003年前,我国尚未建立综合性的应急管理体系,加之全民互联网利用率较低,风险沟通未能成为一门显学。根据我国突发公共卫生事件风险沟通历年发文情况,梳理发文趋势(图1),可以发现,随着非典的爆发,防疫信息供需不对等的现象引发社会反思,相应的知识生产亦开始起步,并在3个阶段多次掀起高潮。
第1阶段是2003—2009年。我国在非典中风险沟通的短板点燃了学术界的研究热情。学者或是对沟通策略展开分析评价[10],或是引介发达国家的沟通经验[7]。但总体来看,该阶段年均发文量为个位数,知识生产能力非常有限。第2阶段是2010—2019年。我国接连遭遇禽流感与猪流感病毒冲击,学者以之为契机从管理学、医学、传播学等视角探讨如何提升沟通效果。同时,国家总体安全观的提出和《中华人民共和国国家安全法》的颁布明确了风险治理研究的合法性和重要性,推动知识生产达至小高潮[5]。第3阶段是2020年至今。经过十余年探索,风险沟通已被视为风险治理成败的决定性因素之一。
2) 知识生产拉力—科学研究专项基金资助。科研基金作为其重要组成部分,旨在支持学者运用理论知识分析社会问题,为决策与管理部门提供建议,具体资助方向受政策方向和重大需求引导。
我国《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》将完善突发事件信息的收集、分析、报告、通报制度作为核心内容;《突发急性传染病防治“十三五”规划(2016—2020年)》《“十四五”国家应急体系规划》等均强调要推动突发公共卫生事件应急管理水平持续提升;党的二十大报告则指出,应健全公共卫生体系,提高重大疫情早发现能力,加强重大疫情防控救治体系和应急能力建设。为回应现实关切,科研基金也向相应领域侧重。据统计,在190篇学术期刊文献中,受各级各类基金资助的研究共79项,占比为41.58%。其中,国家社会科学基金产出文章23篇,占比为29.11%;国家自然科学基金课题产出文章19篇,占比为24.05%;省级自然科学和社会科学基金资助课题产出文章18篇,占比为22.7%;国家部委基金资助课题产出文章8篇,占比为10.12%。可见:国家充足的经费投入带来了相当数量的成果产出,若该趋势能够延续,未来知识生产将更繁荣。
1) 知识生产者及其成果。由文献计量统计可知:发文3篇及以上作者的知识成果共计40篇,占总量的17.09%,说明该领域研究人员的集中度较高,高产作者对构建知识体系的贡献很大(表1)。结合共被引图谱,进一步了解知识成果被引情况(图2),知识成果数量与作者影响力亦成正比关系。如中国医学科学院的邱五七是最早将风险沟通理论引入公共卫生领域并做出较为全面论述的学者,2010年,其在《风险沟通和公共卫生》一文中阐释了风险沟通的概念,丰富了风险沟通理论的层次[6]。祝哲等[9]在该领域同样颇有影响力,其从公共管理视角出发探讨风险沟通,部分成果在3年内被引高达75次。 可见:预防医学学科和公共管理学科是该领域知识生产的2大重镇,研究成果因此而呈现出自然科学与社会科学交融的特征。
2) 知识成果来源及载体。分析研究机构和学术期刊能够了解知识生产的空间分布和主要阵地,为完善知识共同体提供支撑。
表2可知:知识成果产出排名前10的研究机构可分为3类:①以中国疾病预防控制中心为代表的公共卫生事业单位;②哈尔滨医科大学等从事医疗卫生专业研究的医学类高等院校;③清华大学、暨南大学等综合性高等院校。同时可以看出,个别国外高校(格里菲斯大学)也非常关注我国突发公共卫生事件的风险沟通问题,说明该领域研究正在迈向国际舞台。关注该议题的期刊也有3种类型:①《中国健康教育》《中华疾病控制杂志》等专业医学类期刊;②《情报杂志》《新闻界》等社会科学类期刊;③《医学与社会》《风险灾害危机研究》等交叉学科类期刊。由此可见:风险沟通议题具有明显的跨学科、复合性特征,差异化理论视角和研究范式的介入助于拓展知识体系广度,推动知识成果创新。
分析研究关键词共现(图3)与关键词聚类情况(表3),可以把握知识生产热点、呈现知识生产结构。该领域包括风险沟通(129次)、公共卫生(16次)、 疫情防控(16次)、应急管理(14次)、风险感知(13次)、新冠肺炎(12次)等243个关键词。
通过关键词聚类分析,可凝练我国突发公共卫生事件风险沟通知识生产结构的2个特征。
1) 关键词种类繁多,且高频词特别集中,低频词非常分散。原因在于该领域涉及预防医学、新闻传播学、公共管理学、社会学、情报档案学等多种学科,其从不同视角切入,导致关键词表述包罗万象,频次结构由此呈明显的两极分化态势。
2) 虽然知识生产涉及学科众多,但学科交叉趋势开始显现。由图3中关键词节点间连线可知:预防医学、公共管理学、新闻传播学三者间已有交流。从表3聚类关键词也可以看到不同学科都在考虑如何适应当前的媒体环境,运用更科学的风险沟通方式进行信息交流,进而推动多元主体理性认知、协调联动、合作应对危机。
从内容上看,我国突发公共卫生事件风险沟通研究呈现三维逻辑。
1) 维度1:风险沟通影响因素。了解受众风险认知特征是研判风险形势、制定风险沟通策略的前置环节,也是学界关注的焦点。有学者指出部分社会公众因对事态缺乏全面认识,时常出现小范围恐慌,成为有效沟通的掣肘[8]。也有学者研究新冠疫情资讯在家庭中的沟通,探究微观层次的媒介偏好和风险感知[11]。还有学者剖析公众在新冠疫情中的心理机制和行为反应,强调建立健全社会心理服务体系的重要性[12]。上述结论提醒政府部门应当把握公众与专家风险认知的根本差异,避免出现单向灌输式的信息传播[13]
此外,相关研究不仅针对作为沟通对象的“公众”,亦聚焦作为主体的“政府”,探究其风险认知情况对沟通策略制定的影响。发现风险理性认知水平较高的管理者会制定较为完备的响应预案[14],及时发布有效信息,积极接纳社会反馈,进而提升沟通效果[15]。由此,应督促决策者在实践工作中不断学习,塑造客观、理性、敏锐的风险认知,为高效沟通奠定基础。
2) 维度2:风险沟通具体策略。风险沟通的行动策略关涉主体角色、渠道运用和方法选择等要素。相应的知识生产亦涵盖沟通主体、沟通载体以及沟通方法3方面。
针对沟通主体的研究旨在分析政府、媒体等的沟通行为。首先,学者指出,政府反应迟滞将导致公信力受损,加剧风险沟通难度[16]。相反,如果以受众为中心制定针对性策略,则能提升沟通效能[17]。其次,学者基于对主流媒体、政务新媒等的研究,指出其应在风险沟通中扮演瞭望者、播报员、指南针和情报站4种角色,加强把关功能,防止谣言传播[18]。再次,也有学者主张摈弃将公众作为沟通客体的传统思维,发挥其主观能动性,由此化解专家思维导致的沟通困境[19]。综而观之,针对三者的研究均获得可喜进展,但对不同主体在风险沟通中的协同联动还缺乏探讨。此外,社会组织的风险沟通功能尚未进入研究视野。
针对沟通载体的成果聚焦于风险沟通信息平台和传递方式。有学者对比不同官方平台新冠疫情信息的发布,指出应当整合媒体资源,回应社会公众的复杂信息需求[20]。还有学者发现社交媒体作为公众的情绪宣泄和信息反馈平台,对于风险沟通工作至关重要,决策者应借助相关数据了解社会心态变化[21]。也有少数学者探索非媒体环境的风险沟通,其或是剖析新冠疫情信息在城市社区的传播[22],或从家庭视角出发观察代际间的风险沟通[11],但相较而言,对媒体的研究比重远超非媒体,风险在社区、组织、人际之间的沟通逻辑还有待追踪探索。
针对沟通方法的知识生产通过对不同场景中的沟通工具和技巧进行实证分析并提出优化建议。如有学者以16市卫健部门微信公众号应对新冠疫情为例展开研究,认为应当借助打造政务新媒体的契机优化政府风险沟通体系[23]。还有学者将研究目光投向游轮等特殊环境,分析失败的沟通如何导致风险扩散[24]
3) 维度3:风险沟通事后学习。积极开展危机学习是优化风险沟通体系的重要途径。相关知识生产集中在2方面:一是对国内经验的梳理。有学者基于对广州市新冠疫情防控的分析,指出政府积极推进电子政务平台建设不仅能减缓疫情的不利影响,更强化了与群众间的互动交流,构建了良性的沟通生态[25]。还有学者发现通过党建引领基层风险沟通工作有助于促进村民对公共卫生风险的了解,提升抗疫凝聚力[26]。二是对国际经验的总结。有学者提炼了美国应对突发公共卫生事件中风险沟通的成功经验[7],为中国实践提供参考。
从实践视角看,知识生产包括知识收集、知识分析、知识创新与知识传播4个主要环节。选取234篇选定数据文献中引用率排在前30的高引作品为目标,对其标题、摘要、方法、内容等进行分析,展示风险沟通知识生产的过程逻辑。
1) 知识素材收集。由于突发公共卫生事件风险沟通具有学科背景交叉的特殊性,即便是学理性很强的研究也不能完全依赖于纯粹的思辨。因此,概念演绎式的规范研究在该领域的知识成果中不占主导地位,对一手或二手资料的搜集运用占据既有成果的半壁江山。常用的知识素材搜集方法包括文献梳理、观察与访谈、问卷调查以及混合方法四种。其中,约有33.3%的文章通过梳理官方统计资料、媒体等透析风险沟通机制,10%的学者通过参与式观察和实地访谈方式收集风险沟通典型事件的素材,10%的学者面向更大范围的对象展开问卷调查,还有20%的文献运用多种方法获取资料。据此,为防止研究的滞后性与片面性,加大实地调研并推进多样化数据间的三角互证应是未来知识生产的目标。
2) 知识分析方法。该领域知识生产中资料分析方法主要有量化分析、质性分析和混合分析3种类型。运用最为广泛的是质性分析方法,占比为66.67%。部分学者对具体案例中风险沟通的状态进行描述,剖析困境及原因并提出对策建议;还有部分学者以理论建构为指向,基于对个案内在机制的深挖以创新风险沟通框架。量化分析方法在高引成果知识生产中运用则较少,占比为20%。学者或是对沟通对象的心理认知进行调研分析,探求因果关系;或是基于对卫生部门相关负责人的问卷调查,描述其风险沟通现状。采取混合分析方式的成果数量最少,仅有13.33%,多是在量化分析基础之上结合我国风险沟通工作现实情况展开进一步论述。
3) 知识创新思路。跟随国家突发事件治理理念的变化,该领域知识创新的落脚点呈现出“从片面到全面,从单一到整体”的趋势(表4)。
早期(2003—2009年)知识创新的焦点在于政府的风险信息公开[27]。学者将风险沟通视为卫生防疫的一般环节,以政府为单一主体,公众被视作权威信息的接收者而非与政府的对话者,媒体、社会组织等社会主体的沟通行动未受关注。随着网络时代到来,中期(2010—2019年)知识创新的视野转移到媒体,主张善用各类媒体平台来提升风险沟通效果,并从更宏观层面探讨突发公共卫生事件的风险沟通原则和体系构建。随着国家治理体系和治理能力现代化目标持续推进,后期(2020年至今)对于风险沟通的观察视野进一步拓展。学者致力于在协同治理理念下剖析沟通策略的适应性转型。虽然政府依然是沟通的主导力量,但媒体不再被简化为喉舌,公众表达诉求的能动性亦受到重视,沟通的双向性得以凸显。知识生产的增长点是如何有序吸纳社会力量,通过信息互动获取决策共识、提升突发公共卫生事件治理效能。
4) 知识传播路径。虽然我国针对突发公共卫生事件风险沟通的研究起步较晚,但实践需求推动该领域进行知识生产的机构、学者、期刊一直处于增长态势,知识成果的相互引用成为知识传播的主要路径。根据期刊高引文献量化统计结果,该领域高引前30的文献的总下载次数为81781次,总被引用次数为1443次,篇均被引次数为48.1次,传播情况较为理想。对现实问题的理论探讨经由阅读、学习、转引,不仅有利于知识累进,同时也能为政策完善提供支撑。
1) 知识生产受到推力和拉力的共同驱动。一方面,风险沟通实践抛出了许多本土化的真问题,促使学者加快知识生产速度。另一方面,在各类基金资助下,知识成果得以持续高质量产出。
2) 知识生产呈现明显的学科交叉趋势。预防医学、公共管理学和新闻传播学在该领域呈现三足鼎立之势。不同教育背景的学者从多元视角丰富知识生产图谱,期刊杂志则为知识传播提供阵地。
3) 知识生产内容体系初具雏形。经过近20年的积累,知识产出已覆盖于风险沟通的各个环节,形成包括影响因素、沟通策略、危机学习等在内的完整体系。具体议题的选择呈现较强的政策导向,研究结论的应用性强于理论性。
4) 知识生产方法具有多样化特征。学者运用文献梳理、观察与访谈、问卷调查、大数据等方式搜集素材,并不同程度地运用量化、质性和混合研究方法,由此推动我国针对突发公共卫生事件风险沟通研究的边界不断扩大、专业性持续提升。
  • 国家社会科学基金资助(23BGL274)
  • 北京市社会科学基金资助(22GLB015)
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0395
  • 接收时间:2023-10-20
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-20
  • 修回日期:2024-01-20
基金
国家社会科学基金资助(23BGL274)
北京市社会科学基金资助(22GLB015)
作者信息
    中国矿业大学(北京) 文法学院,北京 100083

通讯作者:

**柴子曈(1996—),男,河北石家庄人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为应急管理、风险沟通。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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