Article(id=1149738959577723727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738954913661267, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)04-0111-10, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0648, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1696953600000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-11, revisedDate=1705334400000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752048729079, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1714233600000, pubDateStr=2024-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752048729079, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752048729079, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752048729079, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149738954913661267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752048727968, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756468927830, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1168278616925286857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738954913661267, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1168278616925286858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738954913661267, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=111, endPage=120, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149738959816799061, articleId=1149738959577723727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Robustness evaluation for high-speed railway network with spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to effectively evaluate the transportation service performance of HSRN and ensure the reliability of HSRN in the face of emergencies,based on complex network theory,a robustness evaluation method considering temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics was proposed. The dynamic changes of HSRSN was considered,and time information was incorporated into the modeling of HSRSN. Based on empirical operation data of high-speed railways in China,the necessity of considering spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics to evaluate network performance was verified,and the distribution characteristics of HSRN robustness in China were explored from the spatiotemporal dimension. The experimental results show that the train flow passing through different stations is different,and the network robustness exhibits a significant spatial distribution difference. Moreover,the disturbance scenarios are different,and the contribution of train frequency and spatial position of stations to the importance of stations is also different. In addition,the occurrence time and duration of disturbances are two key time factors that affect network robustness. Their different combinations result in significant time distribution differences in network robustness. The impact of disturbances on network performance varies at different time periods,resulting in obvious fluctuations in station importance ranking at different time periods.

, correspAuthors=Ruichun HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhuo LI, Ruichun HE, Wenxia LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149738978053632810, articleId=1149738959577723727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=考虑时空动态特征的高速铁路网络鲁棒性评估, columnId=1149733269727526997, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全工程技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为有效评估高速铁路网络(HSRN)的运输服务性能,保障HSRN面对突发事件的可靠性,基于复杂网络理论,考虑高速铁路服务网络(HSRSN)的动态变化,将时间信息纳入HSRSN的建模,提出一种考虑时空动态特征的HSRN鲁棒性评估方法。基于中国高速铁路实证运行数据,验证考虑时空动态特征评估网络性能的必要性,并从时空维度上探究我国HSRN鲁棒性的分布特点。研究结果表明:不同站点所通过的列车流不同,网络鲁棒性表现出明显的空间分布差异性,且扰动场景不同,站点的列车频次和空间位置对站点重要性的贡献程度亦不同。扰动的发生时间和持续时间是影响网络鲁棒性的2个关键时间要素,其不同组合使网络鲁棒性具有显著的时间分布差异性,此外,扰动对不同时段的网络性能的影响程度不同,导致站点重要度排序在不同时段也存在较大波动性。

, correspAuthors=何瑞春, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**何瑞春(1969—),女,甘肃临洮人,博士,教授,主要从事铁路运输组织优化、网络建模等方面的研究。E-mail:
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李卓 (1993—),男,甘肃天水人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为交通运输组织优化、网络建模。E-mail:

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Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2020, 89: DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102584., articleTitle=A spatiotemporal analysis of the robustness of high-speed rail network in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168151019025342806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=586, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=18, authorNames=XIE Fengjie, MA Mengdi, REN Cuiping, journalName=Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE Fengjie, MA Mengdi, REN Cuiping. Research on multilayer network structure characteristics from a higher-order model: the case of a Chinese high-speed railway system[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2022, 586: DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2021.126473., articleTitle=Research on multilayer network structure characteristics from a higher-order model: the case of a Chinese high-speed railway system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168151019092451671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=130, issue=null, pageStart=725, pageEnd=744, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=19, authorNames=HONG Liu, YE Bowen, YAN Han, journalName=Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HONG Liu, YE Bowen, YAN Han, et al. Spatiotemporal vulnerability analysis of railway systems with heterogeneous train flows[J]. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2019, 130: 725-744., articleTitle=Spatiotemporal vulnerability analysis of railway systems with heterogeneous train flows, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168151019159560536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=15, issue=4, pageStart=1, pageEnd=41, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=20, authorNames=FENG Xiao, HE Shiwei, LI Yubin, journalName=Transportmetrica A Transport Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FENG Xiao, HE Shiwei, LI Yubin. Temporal characteristics and reliability analysis of railway transportation networks[J]. Transportmetrica A Transport Science, 2019, 15 (4): 1-41., articleTitle=Temporal characteristics and reliability analysis of railway transportation networks, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1168151017687359810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, awardId=52162041, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助(52162041), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1168151017754468675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, awardId=2022CXZX-523, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省优秀研究生“创新之星”项目(2022CXZX-523), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168151014109618442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168151014113812747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, companyId=1168151014109618442, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Traffic and Transportation,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168151014122201356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, companyId=1168151014109618442, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 兰州交通大学 交通运输学院,甘肃 兰州 730070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1168151014197698829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168151014201893134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, companyId=1168151014197698829, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Key Laboratory of Railway Industry on Plateau Railway Transportation Intelligent Management and Control,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168151014227058959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, companyId=1168151014197698829, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 兰州交通大学 高原铁路运输智慧管控铁路行业重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1168151015791534378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Construction of dynamic service network of high-speed railway, figureFileSmall=hZiIjLEcdI7wNBIyl5LexA==, figureFileBig=uewrmxB9AjRnbks/zHM09Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151015862837547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=CN, label=图1, caption=构建高速铁路动态服务网络, figureFileSmall=hZiIjLEcdI7wNBIyl5LexA==, figureFileBig=uewrmxB9AjRnbks/zHM09Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151015938335020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Iterative process of departure and arrival time matrix of stations, figureFileSmall=HNDtJPukih5ZasBmKMc4fA==, figureFileBig=/et8QnWruc1B8CKo9Dsfwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151016001249581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=CN, label=图2, caption=发到站时间矩阵迭代过程

注:矩阵中所有时间数据换算单位为min,1440表示站点间无直达列车,图2b中灰色为考虑非FIFO属性逆序迭代更新后的到站时间,图2c中灰色为考虑换乘接续迭代更新后的到站时间。

, figureFileSmall=HNDtJPukih5ZasBmKMc4fA==, figureFileBig=/et8QnWruc1B8CKo9Dsfwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151016064164142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Spatial-temporal distribution of train frequency in China's HSRN, figureFileSmall=+NUTuaJuckTebetwZwyJwg==, figureFileBig=aidiWGIO1L/rPUAvMNsTiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151016114495791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=CN, label=图3, caption=中国HSRN接发列车频次时空分布, figureFileSmall=+NUTuaJuckTebetwZwyJwg==, figureFileBig=aidiWGIO1L/rPUAvMNsTiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151016177410352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Evolution law of shortest space-time path length, figureFileSmall=GNFU1TxtUOd4z4/b3yQx5Q==, figureFileBig=yNUbZ8yWIYbKEECPIUlPEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151016240324913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=CN, label=图4, caption=最短时空路径长度变化特征, figureFileSmall=GNFU1TxtUOd4z4/b3yQx5Q==, figureFileBig=yNUbZ8yWIYbKEECPIUlPEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151016328405298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Comparison of station importance ranking results, figureFileSmall=K8uBGcoQdlKAfn+WBoi0HQ==, figureFileBig=Mjf7EhY+tbjck4X6J+5Cfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151016458428723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=CN, label=图5, caption=站点重要性排序结果对比, figureFileSmall=K8uBGcoQdlKAfn+WBoi0HQ==, figureFileBig=Mjf7EhY+tbjck4X6J+5Cfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151016533926196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Robustness spatial distribution of high-speed rail networks, figureFileSmall=njRLcESfEWbv3lsYh7A10A==, figureFileBig=jgN7TufBcVXhhiOvBtYdUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151016613617973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=CN, label=图6, caption=高铁网络鲁棒性空间分布, figureFileSmall=njRLcESfEWbv3lsYh7A10A==, figureFileBig=jgN7TufBcVXhhiOvBtYdUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151016680726838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Correlation of station importance with train frequency and spatial location, figureFileSmall=k3mM1ga3dAbVb0BdMSfcZg==, figureFileBig=SIM8YoL6QWLU6It0+OxGeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151016756224311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=CN, label=图7, caption=站点重要性与列车频率、空间位置的相关性, figureFileSmall=k3mM1ga3dAbVb0BdMSfcZg==, figureFileBig=SIM8YoL6QWLU6It0+OxGeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151016823333176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Changes in temporal dimension of robustness of high-speed rail networks, figureFileSmall=QEUcyauvIH/BlJUWqO/aUw==, figureFileBig=ob9JBsobYmkMTsX1XlQ4Sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151016907219257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=CN, label=图8, caption=高铁网络鲁棒性在时间维度上的变化, figureFileSmall=QEUcyauvIH/BlJUWqO/aUw==, figureFileBig=ob9JBsobYmkMTsX1XlQ4Sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151016974328122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Boxplots of importance-ranking for top 20 key stations, figureFileSmall=NJdzILrUiE0VdGAo9Ex8tA==, figureFileBig=kxWqT9PgeEJNYnDU+4n6PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151017045631291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=CN, label=图9, caption=前20个关键站点重要性排序箱线图, figureFileSmall=NJdzILrUiE0VdGAo9Ex8tA==, figureFileBig=kxWqT9PgeEJNYnDU+4n6PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151017150488892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Three-dimensional surface plot of time series network efficiency under different disruption start time and duration, figureFileSmall=MzMFKz1iSsQ7S7+OOVlqIA==, figureFileBig=PK0pTg9791wmyGiyUG8sLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151017238569277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同扰动开始时间和持续时间下时序网络效率三维曲面, figureFileSmall=MzMFKz1iSsQ7S7+OOVlqIA==, figureFileBig=PK0pTg9791wmyGiyUG8sLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168151017305678142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Algorithm 1:考虑非FIFO属性,逆序更新
Input: M
Output: M *
1 For V i Vdo
2 T m a x=1 4401×n
3 For v i t k { v i t m v i t m - 1 v i t 2 v i t 1 } do
4 For V j V do
5 M * ( v i t k V j ) = m i n ( M ( v i t k V j ) T m a x ( V j ) )
6 T m a x ( V j ) = M * ( v i t k V j )
7 Return M *
), ArticleFig(id=1168151017372787007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=CN, label=, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Algorithm 1:考虑非FIFO属性,逆序更新
Input: M
Output: M *
1 For V i Vdo
2 T m a x=1 4401×n
3 For v i t k { v i t m v i t m - 1 v i t 2 v i t 1 } do
4 For V j V do
5 M * ( v i t k V j ) = m i n ( M ( v i t k V j ) T m a x ( V j ) )
6 T m a x ( V j ) = M * ( v i t k V j )
7 Return M *
), ArticleFig(id=1168151017460867392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Algorithm 2:考虑接续条件,换乘更新
Input: M * t t
Output: M   * *
1 For v i t k V i Vdo
2 For v j t l V j { V / V i } do
3 If M * ( v i t k V j ) + t t < t l
4 For V h { V / V i } do
5 M   * * ( v i t k V h ) = m i n { M * ( v i t k V h ) M * ( v j t l V h ) }
6 break
7 Return M   * *
), ArticleFig(id=1168151017540559169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738959577723727, language=CN, label=, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Algorithm 2:考虑接续条件,换乘更新
Input: M * t t
Output: M   * *
1 For v i t k V i Vdo
2 For v j t l V j { V / V i } do
3 If M * ( v i t k V j ) + t t < t l
4 For V h { V / V i } do
5 M   * * ( v i t k V h ) = m i n { M * ( v i t k V h ) M * ( v j t l V h ) }
6 break
7 Return M   * *
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考虑时空动态特征的高速铁路网络鲁棒性评估
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李卓 1, 2 , 何瑞春 1, ** , 李文霞 1
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(4): 111-120
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中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(4): 111-120
考虑时空动态特征的高速铁路网络鲁棒性评估
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李卓1, 2 , 何瑞春1, ** , 李文霞1
作者信息
  • 1 兰州交通大学 交通运输学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 2 兰州交通大学 高原铁路运输智慧管控铁路行业重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 李卓 (1993—),男,甘肃天水人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为交通运输组织优化、网络建模。E-mail:

通讯作者:

**何瑞春(1969—),女,甘肃临洮人,博士,教授,主要从事铁路运输组织优化、网络建模等方面的研究。E-mail:
Robustness evaluation for high-speed railway network with spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics
Zhuo LI1, 2 , Ruichun HE1, ** , Wenxia LI1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Traffic and Transportation,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Railway Industry on Plateau Railway Transportation Intelligent Management and Control,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China
出版时间: 2024-04-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0648
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为有效评估高速铁路网络(HSRN)的运输服务性能,保障HSRN面对突发事件的可靠性,基于复杂网络理论,考虑高速铁路服务网络(HSRSN)的动态变化,将时间信息纳入HSRSN的建模,提出一种考虑时空动态特征的HSRN鲁棒性评估方法。基于中国高速铁路实证运行数据,验证考虑时空动态特征评估网络性能的必要性,并从时空维度上探究我国HSRN鲁棒性的分布特点。研究结果表明:不同站点所通过的列车流不同,网络鲁棒性表现出明显的空间分布差异性,且扰动场景不同,站点的列车频次和空间位置对站点重要性的贡献程度亦不同。扰动的发生时间和持续时间是影响网络鲁棒性的2个关键时间要素,其不同组合使网络鲁棒性具有显著的时间分布差异性,此外,扰动对不同时段的网络性能的影响程度不同,导致站点重要度排序在不同时段也存在较大波动性。

时空动态特征  /  高速铁路网络(HSRN)  /  鲁棒性  /  复杂网络理论  /  时序网络效率

In order to effectively evaluate the transportation service performance of HSRN and ensure the reliability of HSRN in the face of emergencies,based on complex network theory,a robustness evaluation method considering temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics was proposed. The dynamic changes of HSRSN was considered,and time information was incorporated into the modeling of HSRSN. Based on empirical operation data of high-speed railways in China,the necessity of considering spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics to evaluate network performance was verified,and the distribution characteristics of HSRN robustness in China were explored from the spatiotemporal dimension. The experimental results show that the train flow passing through different stations is different,and the network robustness exhibits a significant spatial distribution difference. Moreover,the disturbance scenarios are different,and the contribution of train frequency and spatial position of stations to the importance of stations is also different. In addition,the occurrence time and duration of disturbances are two key time factors that affect network robustness. Their different combinations result in significant time distribution differences in network robustness. The impact of disturbances on network performance varies at different time periods,resulting in obvious fluctuations in station importance ranking at different time periods.

spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics  /  high-speed railway network (HSRN)  /  robustness  /  complex network theory  /  temporal network efficiency
李卓, 何瑞春, 李文霞. 考虑时空动态特征的高速铁路网络鲁棒性评估. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (4) : 111 -120 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0648
Zhuo LI, Ruichun HE, Wenxia LI. Robustness evaluation for high-speed railway network with spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (4) : 111 -120 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0648
经过多年的规划建设,中国已基本形成以“八纵八横”为主通道,以区域城际铁路为补充的高速铁路网络(High-speed Rail Network,HSRN)[1],随着网络化进程的加快,系统呈现出综合、动态、开放的复杂特征,使HSRN更容易受到突发事件扰动,造成大面积列车取消或延误,极大降低了铁路运输服务质量。因此,如何有效量化突发事件下HSRN的性能、准确评估HSRN的鲁棒性,对保障高速铁路可持续运行具有重要意义,也是铁路运维阶段亟待解决的现实问题。
复杂网络理论是将现实中的复杂系统抽象为网络结构的研究范式[2]。不少学者基于复杂网络理论将铁路线网抽象为拓扑结构,通过分析拓扑特征评估其性能[3],如连通性[4]、可达性[5-6]、拓扑网络效率[7]等,进而基于上述指标研究铁路网络的鲁棒性[8]。ZHANG Jianhua等[9]提出单位度介数评估铁路线路的运行能力,采用度和介数攻击节点,以评估HSRN的鲁棒性;马亮等[10]在L空间下构建了铁路快捷货运网络,并分析网络的拓扑特性,提出基于综合重要度节点失效的鲁棒性分析方法;张振江等[11]考虑线路等级、节点度值和介数建立了网络性能综合评价指标,分析了不同攻击方式下的铁路货运网络鲁棒性。为进一步量化扰动给旅客出行带来的影响,从运输服务功能性的角度出发,基于列车流构建服务网络评估网络性能,如XIN Zhongling等[12]构建了物理网络和服务网络,在不同的攻击策略下评估HSRN的鲁棒性;LI Tao等[13]结合拓扑特征和功能特征,分别研究了站点和列车失效对HSRN的影响;JIAO Jingjuan等[14]以服务频率和运行时间构建了加权服务网络,验证了站点在不同失效时间对HSRN的影响程度不同;XIE Fengjie等[15]认为高铁出行路径之间具有依赖性,将非马尔可夫高阶模型与多层网络相结合评估站点和线路的重要性;HONG Liu等[16]通过列车延误来量化中断对网络性能的影响,评估了HSRN的时空脆弱性。从本质上讲,高速铁路服务网络(High-speed Rail Service Network,HSRSN)是由不同时间段开行的异质列车流构成,网络中服务边具有时间属性,其拓扑结构在时间维度上动态变化[17]。综上,尽管已有学者基于线网结构[9-11]和列车流[12-16]研究了HSRN的鲁棒性,但未考虑其动态特征,还存在以下问题:①不能刻画真实服务网络,而是对服务网络在时间维度上集计生成的聚合图;②忽略列车流的异质性,丢失了网络的时序信息。截至目前,尚未发现探讨符合HSRN动态特征的鲁棒性评估问题。
鉴于此,笔者拟结合列车实证运行数据,构建高速铁路动态服务网络,采用扰动前后时序网络效率下降比例来量化网络性能损失,提出考虑时空动态特征的HSRN鲁棒性评估方法。并以中国HSRN为例,在站点功能失效和设施中断2个场景下,通过模拟仿真探究HSRN鲁棒性的时空分布差异性,以期为铁路运维提供决策依据。
为满足旅客出行需求的多元化,我国铁路客运产品具有显性差异特征。图1为一个由4趟列车和5个站点构成的列车运行图,列车采用非均匀发车间隔、跨站越行等灵活运输组织模式,使HSRSN在时间维度上表现为动态变化。因此,有必要考虑HSRSN的时空演化,并将时间信息纳入服务网络中建模。
基于上述特征,充分考虑列车流的异质性,车站间的连接事件用五元组 ( V i V j d i a j r )表示,其中, d i为列车r从站点 V i的出发时间; a j为站点 V j的到站时间。为便于从网络层面表达上述连接关系,在时间维度上重构HSRSN,站点拓展为具有不同时间属性的时空节点序列,引入运行弧和换乘弧2类服务边,构建高速铁路动态服务网络。高速铁路动态服务网络定义为有向图G=(VEW), V = { V 1 V 2 V n }为站点集合,n为站点数,为减小网络规模,仅考虑列车的出发事件,依据经停站点 V i各次列车的出发时间序列 T V i = { t 1 t 2 t m },站点 V i被拓展为时空节点集合 V i = { v i t 1 v i t 2 v i t m }m为站点 V i的发车数,时空节点的时间属性和位置属性以上下标的形式体现,如 v i t m表示站点 V i t m时刻的列车出发事件。 E = { E V j V i E ~ V i V i | V i V j V }为网络服务边集合,若同一趟列车经停站点 V i V j,则2个站点的运行弧集合为 E V j V i = { e ( v i t k v j t l ) | v i t k V i v j t l V j t k < t l } 若先后到发的2趟列车均经停站点 V i,且满足换乘接续条件,则站点 V i的换乘弧集合为 E ~ V i V i = { e ~ ( v i t k v i t l ) | v i t k v i t l V i t k + t t < t l } 其中, t t为换乘接续最小时间。 W = { W V j V i W ~ V i V i | V i V j V }为服务边的权重集合,其中, W V j V i = { w ( v i t k v j t l ) | v i t k V i v j t l V j t k < t l }为运行弧权重集合, W ~ V i V i = { w ~ ( v i t k v i t l ) | v i t k v i t l V i t k + t t < t l }为换乘弧权重集合。
借鉴既有研究,将HSRN的鲁棒性定义为在不同扰动场景下网络维持其运输服务效率的能力,其鲁棒性越高,HSRN对干扰的抵抗能力越强。要量化网络的鲁棒性,先要确定网络性能指标。网络效率能够从全局视角量化扰动对HSRN性能带来的影响,是一个系统性指标,具有较好的解释性和综合性,因此,已有研究普遍基于复杂网络理论,使用网络效率作为性能指标[811]。基于此,考虑HSRN的服务功能性,以旅行时间量化扰动对HSRN中出行者造成的影响,则静态服务网络效率E的计算方式为:
E = 1 n ( n - 1 ) V i V V i V j V j V 1 T i j s p
式中:V为站点集合;Vj为不同的站点; T   i j s p为站点 V i V j最短时空路径长度。通过最小旅行时间量化,表示为:
T   i j s p = m i n V i V j V p P i j ( t j p a - t i p d )
式中: P i j为站点间路径集合; t j p a为沿路径 p P i j到达站点 V j的时间,min; t i p d为从站点 V i的出发时间,min。
与静态服务网络不同,高速铁路动态服务网络引入了时间要素,将网络节点在时间维度上进行拓展,有效捕捉网络的动态变化特征,能够在时间和空间上描述真实的HSRSN。在动态服务网络框架下,时刻 t的网络效率 E ( t )表示为:
E (t) = 1 n ( n - 1 ) V i V V i V j V j V 1 T   i j s p ( t )
式中 T   i j s p ( t )为在 t出发从站点 V i V j最短时空路径长度。
由于高铁基础线网在不同时刻承载的列车流不同,网络性能亦不同,网络效率在时间维度上表现为持续变化。基于上述分析,从我国高铁实际运营角度出发,充分考虑全时间尺度上高铁网络的累积性能,提出时序网络效率来反映评估时段内的网络性能,考虑时间的连续性,在时段 [ T a T b ]内,则未发生扰动下的时序网络效率 E ~表示为:
E ~ = T b T a E ( t ) d t
扰动事件e发生后,时序网络效率 E ~ ( e )表示为:
E ~ ( e ) = T b T a E ( t e ) d t
式中 E ( t e )为在扰动事件e影响下 t时刻的网络效率。
基于此,通过计算扰动前后时序网络效率下降比例,量化网络的鲁棒性R,表示为:
R = E ~ - E ~ ( e ) E ~ × 100 %
高铁动态服务网络中最短时空路径并不满足子路径最优性质,计算时需要考虑网络的非先进先出(First in First Out,FIFO)属性和边与边的时序流转特性,基于广度优先搜索,设计基于到站时间的矩阵迭代法求解时空路径长度,求解步骤如下:
步骤1:提取高速铁路动态服务网络的时序列车信息,形成列车发到时间数据矩阵M,其中,每一行存储某时刻从某站出发(时空节点)到达其他站点的时间,如图2a所示,矩阵第一行存储第380min(06:20)从车站 V 1出发到达其他站点的时间。
步骤2:考虑网络的非FIFO属性,假设旅客是完全理性的,总是选乘到达目的站点最早的列车,且只能乘坐当前时刻以后出发的列车,基于上述原则,若后续出发列车比当前出发列车早到目的站点,则当前时空节点对应的到站时间更新为后续时空节点对应的到站时间,如图2b所示,遍历所有时空节点得到矩阵M*,算法伪代码为:
步骤3:并非所有直达列车都具有较高的运输效率,且网络中存在部分站点间不开行直达列车,则需通过换乘以提高站点间出行的时效性和可达性。若满足:①时空节点到达换乘站与换乘站发车之间的时间差大于最小换乘接续时间;②换乘站到达目的站点的时间早于时空节点到达目的站点的时间;则当前时空节点对应的到站时间更新为换乘站对应的到站时间。基于上述原则,对M*更新得到矩阵 M   * *,如图2c所示,每一行存放时空节点到达其他站点的最早到站时间,算法伪代码为:
步骤4: M   * *中存放考虑非FIFO属性和换乘接续的最早到站时间,若出行链的出发站为 V i,终到站为 V j,则在 t出发时站点间的最短时空路径长度为:
T   i j s p ( t ) = m i n { M   * * ( v i t k V j ) - t } v i t k V i t < t k
式中 M   * * ( v i t k V j )为矩阵 M   * *在第 v i t k行、第 V j列的元素,即在 V i站于 t k时刻出发的列车到达 V j站的最早到站时间。
由于西藏自治区拉林铁路未与高速铁路网衔接,海南环岛高铁独立于高铁网运行,因此,研究范围仅限我国(不包括港、澳、台地区)21个省、4个自治区和4个直辖市。选择设计时速250km/h及以上的新建线路和设计速度达到160km/h及以上的改建线路作为网络连边,线路经过的257个主要地级市高铁站作为网络节点,形成高速铁路基础线网结构。基于高速铁路基础线网,根据2022年10月某日列车时刻表中的高速列车分类编码,选择以G、D、C开头的列车运行数据构建高铁动态服务网络。所有数据均来源于中国铁路客户服务中心(http://www.12306.cn/index/)。
服务网络由高速列车流构成,可视化网络中列车接发频次,分析其时空特征,中国HSRN接发列车频次时空分布如图3所示。
图3a可知:中国高铁列车接发频次呈现出东密西疏、南高北低的运营格局,与中国人口经济分布相一致,运行繁忙的线路和站点多位于胡焕庸线东南部,其中,京沪、京哈-京港澳是纵向通道中列车运行较为密集的线路,陆桥、沿江、沪昆是横向通道中较为繁忙的线路。由图3b可知:时间分布上,发车高峰时段集中在8:00—12:00,接车高峰时段集中在20:00—23:00,全路列车接发频次总体上呈现此消彼长的趋势。
设置换乘接续时间 t t=20min,网络性能评估时段为[06:00,24:00],以1min为时间间隔,将连续时间离散化,得到1 080个测度时间序列,设置站点功能失效和设施中断2个扰动场景,其中,功能失效指站点不办理列车技术作业,站点始发列车取消,通过列车均不停站通过,设施中断指站点的行车设备发生故障,始发、终到及通过该站点的列车均取消。所有计算试验均以PyCharm为开发环境,通过Python编程实现。
以静态服务网络为比较对象,从最短时空路径、关键站点识别2方面进行对比分析,进一步说明考虑时空动态特征评估网络性能的必要性。
不同时段的列车开行频率和停站模式都会对最短时空路径长度产生显著影响,因此,在动态服务网络下,不同时刻的最短时空路径长度不同,如图4所示,站点间的最短时空路径长度随时间具有阶跃变化性,而静态服务网络中未考虑这种动态特性。
以动态服务网络下时序网络效率计算的关键站点排序为基准线,与静态服务网络下静态网络效率计算的关键站点排序进行对比,如图5所示。在2个干扰场景下,关键站点排序均未完全拟合,表现出一定的差异性。
基于上述分析可知:与静态服务网络相比,动态服务网络能够更精准地捕捉时空路径的动态特性,得到关键站点排名有更丰富的内涵。因此,有必要考虑时空动态特征进一步评估HSRN的鲁棒性。
干扰发生于不同的区域,会对不同空间的站点产生影响,通过模拟不同站点遭受扰动,探究HSRN鲁棒性在空间上分布的差异性,结果如图6所示。
图6可以看出,不同站点对维护HSRN鲁棒性的贡献程度不同,在2种扰动场景下,与西北、西南、东北地区站点相比,中部和东部地区站点失效或中断对网络的影响更大,HSRN也表现出较低的鲁棒性,其中,京广线枢纽站点发生扰动对网络性能水平的影响最大,网络鲁棒性最低,站点功能失效对网络性能的影响均大于2%,站点设施中断对网络性能的影响均大于6%,特别是郑州东站、长沙南站中断对网络性能的影响达到9%,此外,京沪线枢纽站点在维护网络鲁棒性同样发挥着关键作用。由图3a可知:京沪线站点接发列车频率高于京广线站点,但其重要度相对较低,说明站点的重要程度不仅与列车开行频次有关,还取决于站点在网络中的位置,为进一步探究站点重要性与空间位置、列车频率之间的关系,给出站点重要性与二者的相关性分布。
站点重要性与列车频率、空间位置的相关性如图7所示。在功能失效场景下,观察图7a图7c,发现站点重要性与站点位置中心性相关度更高,Pearson相关系数达到0.915 0,与站点接发列车频次相关性相对较低,与此相反,在设施中断场景下,对比图7b图7d,发现站点重要性与站点接发列车频次相关度更高,Pearson相关系数为0.886 3。由此看出,在不同扰动下,列车频次和空间位置对站点重要性的贡献程度不同。
当站点发生扰动时,在时间维度上对网络性能的影响具有差异性,选取6个枢纽站点,计算站点扰动对网络性能影响在时间上的变化。
6个枢纽站点发生扰动对瞬时网络性能的影响曲线如图8所示。总体来看,站点扰动对网络的影响并非恒定不变的,瞬时网络效率的下降程度随时间持续变化,且不同站点扰动对网络性能影响的变化趋势不同,导致全天时段内对网络鲁棒性影响最大的站点并不唯一,图8a中,在功能失效下,郑州东站对[06:00,10:00]和[13:00,19:00]时段的网络性能影响最大,广州南站对其他时段网络性能影响最为显著;图8b中,在设施中断下,在[06:00,10:00]、[10:00,20:00]和[20:00,24:00]的3个时段内,对网络性能影响最大的站点分别为长沙南站、郑州东站和广州南站。此外,以1h为时间步长,统计前20个关键站点在18个时间步的重要性排序,如图9所示。站点重要性排序波动较大,部分站点重要性排序分布呈现为偏态分布,统计结果中出现离群值,说明站点排名在不同时段存在较大的差异,证明在HSRN中,并不能给出一组固定的站点重要性排序,体现了分时段考察站点对网络鲁棒性贡献程度的必要性。
扰动开始时间和持续时间是影响网络性能的2个重要时间要素,有必要系统分析网络性能对扰动开始时间和持续时间的灵敏度。
不同扰动开始时间和持续时间下时序网络效率三维曲面如图10所示。图10a中(I)框选部分,网络性能最低的失效开始时间分布于8:00—16:00,图10b中(I)框选部分,网络性能最低的中断开始时间分布在9:00—20:00。在2种扰动场景下,随着扰动持续时间的减小,对网络性能影响最大的扰动开始时间均向后推移,如图10a图10b中三角标记,当站点失效或中断的持续时间分别为16、8、4、1h,对网络影响最大的失效开始时间为8:00、12:00、14:00、16:00,对网络影响最大的中断开始时间为9:00、13:00、15:00、20:00,可以看出,中断开始时间向后推移更为明显。
综上可知:扰动发生的持续时间不同,对网络性能影响最大的扰动开始时间也随之变化,这是由于网络性能下降程度不仅与扰动期间列车到发频次有关,还取决于可替代已暂停服务列车的后续列车数量。
1) HSRSN为动态结构,网络具有非FIFO属性,站点间时空路径长度随时间表现为阶跃变化,验证了考虑时空动态特征评估HSRN性能的必要性。
2) 时序网络效率量化了站点对网络鲁棒性在时间上的累积贡献程度,能够较准确地捕捉网络的时序信息,鲁棒性计算结果更符合实际。
3) 在2个干扰场景下,不同站点在同一时间发生扰动对网络的影响不同,同一站点在不同时间发生扰动对网络的影响也不同,HSRN的鲁棒性表现出明显的时空差异特征。
4) 站点重要度与列车接发量、位置中心性有关,二者在不同扰动场景下对站点重要性的影响程度不同,此外,站点扰动对网络性能的影响随时间持续变化,有必要分时段评估站点的重要性。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助(52162041)
  • 甘肃省优秀研究生“创新之星”项目(2022CXZX-523)
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2024年第34卷第4期
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doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0648
  • 接收时间:2023-10-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-11
  • 修回日期:2024-01-16
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(52162041)
甘肃省优秀研究生“创新之星”项目(2022CXZX-523)
作者信息
    1 兰州交通大学 交通运输学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2 兰州交通大学 高原铁路运输智慧管控铁路行业重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070

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**何瑞春(1969—),女,甘肃临洮人,博士,教授,主要从事铁路运输组织优化、网络建模等方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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