Article(id=1149738958780805946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738954913661267, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)04-0128-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0839, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702310400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-12, revisedDate=1710345600000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752048728890, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1714233600000, pubDateStr=2024-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752048728890, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752048728890, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752048728890, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149738954913661267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752048727968, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756468927830, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1168278616925286857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738954913661267, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1168278616925286858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738954913661267, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=128, endPage=134, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149738959275733831, articleId=1149738958780805946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Apriori algorithm-based statistical analysis of hydrogen accidents, columnId=1149733269173878863, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Safety engineering technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the correlation between different characteristic factors of hydrogen accidents,827 safety accidents involving hydrogen systems were used as the data set to statistically analyze the characteristic factors such as accident date,application stage,ignition source,accident causes and consequences. First,a network of association rules for accident causation was constructed to discuss accident causation relevance. Then,the causes and consequences of the accident were analyzed interactively. Finally,Apriori algorithm-based association rule mining was performed on six types of characteristic factors of hydrogen accidents. The results show that six accident causation combinations,such as equipment failure and design error,operational error and accidental reaction,are the most highly correlated among hydrogen safety accidents. Unignited hydrogen release is strongly associated with eight factors,like pressure relief devices and ventilation systems. Hydrogen fires are strongly associated with nine factors,like bolts and spontaneous combustion. And hydrogen explosions are strongly associated with five factors,like hydrogen production,electrical sparks,and compressors.

, correspAuthors=Depeng KONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xirui YU, Xu HE, Depeng KONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149738977135080163, articleId=1149738958780805946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=CN, title=基于Apriori算法的氢安全事故统计分析, columnId=1149733269727526997, journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, columnName=安全工程技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究氢安全事故不同特征因素间的相关性,以827起涉及氢气系统的安全事故为数据集,统计分析事故时间、应用阶段、点火源、事故致因及事故后果等特征因素。首先,构建事故致因的关联规则网络,讨论事故致因相关性;然后,交互分析事故致因和事故后果,明确事故因果关系;最后,基于Apriori算法挖掘氢安全事故的6类特征因素的关联规则。结果表明:氢安全事故中设备失效与设计错误、操作错误与意外反应等6个事故致因组合相关性最高;未点燃的氢气释放与压力释放装置、通风系统等8个因素强关联,氢火灾与螺栓、自燃等9个因素强关联,氢爆炸与制氢、电火花、压缩机等5个因素强关联。

, correspAuthors=孔得朋, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**孔得朋(1985—),男,山东肥城人,博士,教授,主要从事油气及新能源的安全利用等方面的研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jcHr7bnWPXgMbAtn2dTlZA==, magXml=kF5unKDzEFQc/lY0AGfqbQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=/40SJgRbI14zy051E6+xoQ==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=nBUE7cHMQ+TvNLvLRCDM/Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

于溪芮 (1998—),女,山东潍坊人,硕士研究生,研究方向为油气安全工程及应急。E-mail:

, authorsList=于溪芮, 何旭, 孔得朋)}, authors=[Author(id=1168150970451112667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=Z21040117@s.upc.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1168150970581136094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, authorId=1168150970451112667, language=EN, stringName=Xirui YU, firstName=Xirui, middleName=null, lastName=YU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao Shandong 266580,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1168150970669216480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, authorId=1168150970451112667, language=CN, stringName=于溪芮, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国石油大学(华东) 机电工程学院,山东 青岛 266580, bio={"img":"icqNIHZ10zCP0uLwKARdAQ==","content":"

于溪芮 (1998—),女,山东潍坊人,硕士研究生,研究方向为油气安全工程及应急。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=icqNIHZ10zCP0uLwKARdAQ==, bioContent=

于溪芮 (1998—),女,山东潍坊人,硕士研究生,研究方向为油气安全工程及应急。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168150968509149910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168150968525927127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, companyId=1168150968509149910, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao Shandong 266580,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168150968534315736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, companyId=1168150968509149910, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国石油大学(华东) 机电工程学院,山东 青岛 266580)])]), Author(id=1168150970748908259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1168150970832794342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, authorId=1168150970748908259, language=EN, stringName=Xu HE, firstName=Xu, middleName=null, lastName=HE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao Shandong 266580,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1168150970904097512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, authorId=1168150970748908259, language=CN, stringName=何旭, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国石油大学(华东) 机电工程学院,山东 青岛 266580, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168150968509149910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168150968525927127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, companyId=1168150968509149910, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao Shandong 266580,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168150968534315736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, companyId=1168150968509149910, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国石油大学(华东) 机电工程学院,山东 青岛 266580)])]), Author(id=1168150970971206379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=kongdepeng@upc.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1168150971050898156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, authorId=1168150970971206379, language=EN, stringName=Depeng KONG, firstName=Depeng, middleName=null, lastName=KONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=**, address=College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao Shandong 266580,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1168150971126395630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, authorId=1168150970971206379, language=CN, stringName=孔得朋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=**, address=中国石油大学(华东) 机电工程学院,山东 青岛 266580, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168150968509149910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168150968525927127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, companyId=1168150968509149910, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao Shandong 266580,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168150968534315736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, companyId=1168150968509149910, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国石油大学(华东) 机电工程学院,山东 青岛 266580)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1168150971252224751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Apriori algorithm), Keyword(id=1168150971315139312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=association rule), Keyword(id=1168150971407414002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=hydrogen accidents), Keyword(id=1168150971499688692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=statistical analysis), Keyword(id=1168150971562603254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=accident causation), Keyword(id=1168150971642295032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=interaction analysis), Keyword(id=1168150971709403898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=Apriori算法), Keyword(id=1168150971768124156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=关联规则), Keyword(id=1168150971831038718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=氢安全事故), Keyword(id=1168150971893953280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=统计分析), Keyword(id=1168150971965256450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=事故致因), Keyword(id=1168150972040753924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=交互分析)], refs=[Reference(id=1168150973630395172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.chemicalsafety.org.cn/article/we07q275qggnmxod, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=中国化学品安全协会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国化学品安全协会. 韩国江原道一工厂氢气爆炸致2人死亡[EB/OL].(2019-05-24). https://www.chemicalsafety.org.cn/article/we07q275qggnmxod., articleTitle=韩国江原道一工厂氢气爆炸致2人死亡, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150973693309733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://h2weilai.com/cms/index/shows/catid/29/id/962.html, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=氢启未来,美国加氢站再次爆炸,60间房屋被毁!氢燃料安全再敲警钟[EB/OL].(2021-01-20). https://h2weilai.com/cms/index/shows/catid/29/id/962.html., articleTitle=氢启未来,美国加氢站再次爆炸,60间房屋被毁!氢燃料安全再敲警钟, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150973747835686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=20, issue=1, pageStart=98, pageEnd=107, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=KIRCHSTEIGER C, ARELLANO A V, FUNNEMARK E, journalName=Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KIRCHSTEIGER C, ARELLANO A V, FUNNEMARK E. Towards establishing an international hydrogen incidents and accidents database (HIAD)[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2007, 20(1): 98-107., articleTitle=Towards establishing an international hydrogen incidents and accidents database (HIAD), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150973856887591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://h2tools.org/lessons?search_api_fulltext=, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Department of energy, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Department of energy. Hydrogen tools[EB/OL].(2019-02-23). https://h2tools.org/lessons?search_api_fulltext=., articleTitle=Hydrogen tools, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150973911413544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.khk.or.jp/public_information/incident_investigation/index.html, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=The High Pressure Gas Safety Institute of Japan, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=The High Pressure Gas Safety Institute of Japan. 事故信息|高压气体安全协会[EB/OL].(2024-02-28). https://www.khk.or.jp/public_information/incident_investigation/index.html., articleTitle=事故信息|高压气体安全协会, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150973965939497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=36, issue=18, pageStart=12 068, pageEnd=12 077, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=MIRZA N R, DEGENKOLBE S, WITT W, journalName=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MIRZA N R, DEGENKOLBE S, WITT W. Analysis of hydrogen incidents to support risk assessment[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2011, 36(18): 12 068-12 077., articleTitle=Analysis of hydrogen incidents to support risk assessment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150974037242666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=46, issue=61, pageStart=31 467, pageEnd=31 488, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=YANG Fuyuan, WANG Tianze, DENG Xintao, journalName=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Fuyuan, WANG Tianze, DENG Xintao, et al. Review on hydrogen safety issues: Incident statistics, hydrogen diffusion, and detonation process[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46(61): 31 467-31 488., articleTitle=Review on hydrogen safety issues: Incident statistics, hydrogen diffusion, and detonation process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150974100157227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=209, pageEnd=213, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=MELIDEO D, WEN J X, MORETTO P, journalName=International Conference on Hydrogen Safety, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MELIDEO D, WEN J X, MORETTO P. HIAD 2.0-hydrogen incident and accident database[C]. International Conference on Hydrogen Safety, 2019: 209-213., articleTitle=HIAD 2.0-hydrogen incident and accident database, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150974150488876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=47, issue=38, pageStart=17 082, pageEnd=17 096, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=WEN J X, MARONO M, MORETTO P, journalName=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEN J X, MARONO M, MORETTO P, et al. Statistics, lessons learned and recommendations from analysis of HIAD 2.0 database[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, 47(38): 17 082-17 096., articleTitle=Statistics, lessons learned and recommendations from analysis of HIAD 2.0 database, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150974213403437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=景国勋, 秦洪利, 蒋方, journalName=安全与环境学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=景国勋, 秦洪利, 蒋方. 基于Apriori算法的煤矿安全事故分析[J/OL]. 安全与环境学报: 1-9.[2023-09-11].https://doi.org/10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2023.1305., articleTitle=基于Apriori算法的煤矿安全事故分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150974276317998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=10, authorNames=JING Guoxun, QIN Hongli, JIANG Fang, journalName=Journal of Safety and Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JING Guoxun, QIN Hongli, JIANG Fang. Coal mine safety accident analysis based on Apriori algorithm[J/OL]. Journal of Safety and Environment: 1-9.[2023-09-11].https://doi.org/10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2023.1305., articleTitle=Coal mine safety accident analysis based on Apriori algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150974339232559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=6, pageStart=159, pageEnd=165, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=11, authorNames=王艾迪, 邢莹莹, 张诗雯, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王艾迪, 邢莹莹, 张诗雯, 等. 基于关联规则的危险品公路运输事故风险因素研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(6): 159-165., articleTitle=基于关联规则的危险品公路运输事故风险因素研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150974406341424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=6, pageStart=159, pageEnd=165, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=12, authorNames=WANG Aidi, XING Yingying, ZHANG Shiwen, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Aidi, XING Yingying, ZHANG Shiwen, et al. Research on risk factors of hazardous material highway transport accidents based on association rules[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(6): 159-165., articleTitle=Research on risk factors of hazardous material highway transport accidents based on association rules, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150974460867377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=49, issue=3, pageStart=31, pageEnd=44, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=13, authorNames=冯胤伟, 刘正江, 蒋子怡, journalName=大连海事大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冯胤伟, 刘正江, 蒋子怡, 等. 基于关联规则挖掘和复杂网络理论的船舶碰撞事故影响因素分析[J]. 大连海事大学学报, 2023, 49(3): 31-44., articleTitle=基于关联规则挖掘和复杂网络理论的船舶碰撞事故影响因素分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150974523781938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=49, issue=3, pageStart=31, pageEnd=44, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=14, authorNames=FENG Yinwei, LIU Zhengjiang, JIANG Ziyi, journalName=Journal of Dalian Maritime University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FENG Yinwei, LIU Zhengjiang, JIANG Ziyi, et al. Anaylsis of factors affecting ship collisions based on association rule mining and complex network theory[J]. Journal of Dalian Maritime University, 2023, 49(3): 31-44., articleTitle=Anaylsis of factors affecting ship collisions based on association rule mining and complex network theory, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150974582502195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=31, issue=7, pageStart=137, pageEnd=142, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=15, authorNames=况宇琦, 赵挺生, 蒋灵, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=况宇琦, 赵挺生, 蒋灵, 等. 塔式起重机事故案例关联规则挖掘与分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(7): 137-142., articleTitle=塔式起重机事故案例关联规则挖掘与分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150974649611060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=31, issue=7, pageStart=137, pageEnd=142, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=16, authorNames=KUANG Yuqi, ZHAO Tingsheng, JIANG Ling, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KUANG Yuqi, ZHAO Tingsheng, JIANG Ling, et al. Mining and analysis of association rules in tower crane accident cases[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(7): 137-142., articleTitle=Mining and analysis of association rules in tower crane accident cases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150974712525621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=32, issue=10, pageStart=127, pageEnd=134, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=17, authorNames=杨利超, 刘敬贤, 刘钊, journalName=中国安全科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨利超, 刘敬贤, 刘钊, 等. 价值衰减下水上交通事故致因关联规则挖掘[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(10): 127-134., articleTitle=价值衰减下水上交通事故致因关联规则挖掘, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150974800606006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=32, issue=10, pageStart=127, pageEnd=134, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=18, authorNames=YANG Lichao, LIU Jingxian, LIU Zhao, journalName=China Safety Science Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Lichao, LIU Jingxian, LIU Zhao, et al. Association rules mining of water traffic accidents causation under value attenuation[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 32(10): 127-134., articleTitle=Association rules mining of water traffic accidents causation under value attenuation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150974863520567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1990, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=11, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=19, authorNames=BOCKRIS J O M, LIN G H, PACKHAM N J C, journalName=Fusion Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BOCKRIS J O M, LIN G H, PACKHAM N J C. A review of the investigations of the fleischmann-pons phenomena[J]. Fusion Technology, 1990, 18(1): 11-31., articleTitle=A review of the investigations of the fleischmann-pons phenomena, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150974930629432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=98, issue=null, pageStart=57, pageEnd=71, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=20, authorNames=YUAN Zhi, KHAKZAD N, KHAN F, journalName=Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers Process Safety Environmental Protection, Part B, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YUAN Zhi, KHAKZAD N, KHAN F, et al. Dust explosions: a threat to the process industries[J]. Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers Process Safety Environmental Protection, Part B, 2015, 98: 57-71., articleTitle=Dust explosions: a threat to the process industries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150974980961081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=89, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=21, authorNames=NOLAN D P, journalName=Handbook of fire and explosion protection engineering principles for oil, gas, chemical, and related facilities:characteristics of hazardous material releases, fires, and explosions, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NOLAN D P. Handbook of fire and explosion protection engineering principles for oil, gas, chemical, and related facilities:characteristics of hazardous material releases, fires, and explosions[M]. Norwich: William Andrew, 2019: 89-121., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150975035487034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://h2tools.org/lessons/hydrogen-explosion-hydrodesulfurization-reactor-outlet-piping, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tools h,hydrogen explosion in hydrodesulfurization reactor outlet piping[EB/OL].(2017-09-25). https://h2tools.org/lessons/hydrogen-explosion-hydrodesulfurization-reactor-outlet-piping., articleTitle=Tools h,hydrogen explosion in hydrodesulfurization reactor outlet piping, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150975110984507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=176, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=23, authorNames=RENIERS G, COZZANI V, journalName=Domino effects in the process industries: modelling, prevention and managing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RENIERS G, COZZANI V. Domino effects in the process industries: modelling, prevention and managing[M]. Brussels: Newnes, 2013: 176-188., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150975186481980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=24, authorNames=伍星光, journalName=基于安全屏障的油库事故分析和风险评估研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=伍星光. 基于安全屏障的油库事故分析和风险评估研究[D]. 北京: 中国石油大学(北京), 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1168150975245202237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=25, authorNames=WU Xingguang, journalName=Study on accident analysis and risk assessment for oil depot based on safety barrier, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Xingguang. Study on accident analysis and risk assessment for oil depot based on safety barrier[D]. Beijing: China University of Petroleum-Beijing, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1168150973508760355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, awardId=2021YFB4000905, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB4000905), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1168150968509149910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168150968525927127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, companyId=1168150968509149910, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao Shandong 266580,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168150968534315736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, companyId=1168150968509149910, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国石油大学(华东) 机电工程学院,山东 青岛 266580)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1168150972174971655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Temporal distribution of hydrogen accidents, figureFileSmall=Yc4HeKgGwO+xySdmWrMOkg==, figureFileBig=658FKPx6S5GynyvTRaO1JQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150972229497609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=CN, label=图1, caption=氢安全事故的时间分布, figureFileSmall=Yc4HeKgGwO+xySdmWrMOkg==, figureFileBig=658FKPx6S5GynyvTRaO1JQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150972304995083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Frequency distribution of accidents in various stages, figureFileSmall=YeF6Lu1rxOfQpok3NuZM1g==, figureFileBig=JeAYFhZ58tRtETzf22Bt4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150972372103949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各领域的氢安全事故发生频率分布, figureFileSmall=YeF6Lu1rxOfQpok3NuZM1g==, figureFileBig=JeAYFhZ58tRtETzf22Bt4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150972435018511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Types and frequency distribution of ignition sources, figureFileSmall=w9savrExO6FEpEf17+HeTw==, figureFileBig=l1lxu4s96eQlbsdcnJCvbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150972497933073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=CN, label=图3, caption=氢燃爆事故的点火源类型及频数分布, figureFileSmall=w9savrExO6FEpEf17+HeTw==, figureFileBig=l1lxu4s96eQlbsdcnJCvbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150972552459027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Frequency distribution of hydrogen accident causes, figureFileSmall=zgpqaiQhBuoYWIFM2ROVPA==, figureFileBig=uGp/y8bkB5EWtxJb1QB5PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150972619567892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=CN, label=图4, caption=氢安全事故致因的频率分布, figureFileSmall=zgpqaiQhBuoYWIFM2ROVPA==, figureFileBig=uGp/y8bkB5EWtxJb1QB5PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150972674093845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Coupled analysis of the physical consequences and casualty effects of hydrogen accidents, figureFileSmall=RFdvwkhtp0zlI7XELkE+/A==, figureFileBig=I1b5C181c/Uut70IT2jy+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150972724425494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=CN, label=图5, caption=氢安全事故的物理后果与伤亡影响耦合分析, figureFileSmall=RFdvwkhtp0zlI7XELkE+/A==, figureFileBig=I1b5C181c/Uut70IT2jy+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150972778951447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Correlation network of hydrogen accident causes, figureFileSmall=rPv74ugV2BKleYCtqp6lPg==, figureFileBig=UJXLAT7luDH5rLyGXMoGRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150972850254616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=CN, label=图6, caption=氢安全事故致因关联网络, figureFileSmall=rPv74ugV2BKleYCtqp6lPg==, figureFileBig=UJXLAT7luDH5rLyGXMoGRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150972900586265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Frequency distribution of contributing factors corresponding to different accident consequences, figureFileSmall=6qamAcRzBRsNgCb///MlLQ==, figureFileBig=+4RT5LsUL8Qvzel+xLv0Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150972955112218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同事故后果对应的促成因素频率分布, figureFileSmall=6qamAcRzBRsNgCb///MlLQ==, figureFileBig=+4RT5LsUL8Qvzel+xLv0Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150972997055259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Relative frequency of various accident consequences for different contributing factors, figureFileSmall=TNBLsxk7ADLj6lvmg6t3Ig==, figureFileBig=UNPss4wItov9wH6CgUIJ7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150973047386908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同促成因素下各事故后果的相对发生频率, figureFileSmall=TNBLsxk7ADLj6lvmg6t3Ig==, figureFileBig=UNPss4wItov9wH6CgUIJ7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150973106107165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Lift degree analysis of causes and consequences, figureFileSmall=Hd1dDBoGHanaUNGmEkT29g==, figureFileBig=FATiRsa5fpfm/CnqLTrDsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150973160633118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=CN, label=图9, caption=事故原因与物理后果提升度分析, figureFileSmall=Hd1dDBoGHanaUNGmEkT29g==, figureFileBig=FATiRsa5fpfm/CnqLTrDsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150973210964767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Associated combinations of accident causes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 关联因素 链接数
1 设备失效-设计错误 74
2 设备失效-操作错误 57
3 操作错误-意外反应 47
4 操作错误-程序缺陷 44
5 设备失效-维护缺陷 41
6 操作错误-培训问题 34
), ArticleFig(id=1168150973265490720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

氢安全事故原因关联组合

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 关联因素 链接数
1 设备失效-设计错误 74
2 设备失效-操作错误 57
3 操作错误-意外反应 47
4 操作错误-程序缺陷 44
5 设备失效-维护缺陷 41
6 操作错误-培训问题 34
), ArticleFig(id=1168150973336793889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Strong association rules for the characteristic factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关联后项 关联前项(Lift)
无氢气释放 氢燃料电池车(6.56)、交通(4.57)
未点燃的
氢气释放
压力释放装置(2.23)、高压气瓶(2.00)、加氢站(1.94)、通风/排气系统(1.87)、液氢(1.80)、运氢(1.69)、阀门/法兰/接头(1.64)、氢管拖车(1.47)
火灾 静电(1.86)、螺栓/垫片(1.80)、自燃(1.74)、热交换器(1.50)、电火花(1.42)、工业(1.24)、阀门/法兰/接头(1.21)、管道(1.67)、气氢(1.02)
爆炸 制氢(1.39)、电火花(1.37)、压缩机(1.17)、自燃(1.15)、储氢罐(1.11)
), ArticleFig(id=1168150973387125538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958780805946, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

氢安全事故特征因素的强关联规则

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关联后项 关联前项(Lift)
无氢气释放 氢燃料电池车(6.56)、交通(4.57)
未点燃的
氢气释放
压力释放装置(2.23)、高压气瓶(2.00)、加氢站(1.94)、通风/排气系统(1.87)、液氢(1.80)、运氢(1.69)、阀门/法兰/接头(1.64)、氢管拖车(1.47)
火灾 静电(1.86)、螺栓/垫片(1.80)、自燃(1.74)、热交换器(1.50)、电火花(1.42)、工业(1.24)、阀门/法兰/接头(1.21)、管道(1.67)、气氢(1.02)
爆炸 制氢(1.39)、电火花(1.37)、压缩机(1.17)、自燃(1.15)、储氢罐(1.11)
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1123942128916217864, delFlag=0, nameCn=中国安全科学学报, nameEn=China Safety Science Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-3033, eissn=, cn=11-2865/X, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=0, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=fkqsFM6VKlHC4gCtS5XqTw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chin Saf Sci J, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1754269350027, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=C, firstLetterEn=C, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=fkqsFM6VKlHC4gCtS5XqTw==, picEn=SHn9HgqSxtJrOcAxqD++4Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1159052918994595848, language=CN, name=中国安全科学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.cssjj.com.cn/, createdTime=1754269350050, updatedTime=1754269350050, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.cssjj.com.cn/CN/column/item15.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1159052919040733193, language=EN, name=China Safety Science Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.cssjj.com.cn/EN/1003-3033/home.shtml, createdTime=1754269350061, updatedTime=1754269350061, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=https://synbioj.cip.com.cn/EN/column/column3.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgaqkxxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://zgaqkxxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146031787341344770, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202345263519, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031787341344770, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112766, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753502583634, updateBy=18614031015, name=《中国安全科学学报》中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=中国安全科学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148618794941046792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751781661020, updateTime=1751781661020, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794911686661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751781661012, updateTime=1751781661012, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794894909444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=tui0IVO9FMwB61HHtX5scg==, createTime=1751781661008, updateTime=1751781661008, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794932658183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751781661017, updateTime=1751781661017, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618794924269574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202345263519, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751781661015, updateTime=1751781661015, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155836763751993353, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031787341344770, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1753502558893, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753524450387, updateBy=18614031015, name=《中国安全科学学报》英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=China Safety Science Journal, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155895925743669425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753516664205, updateTime=1753516664205, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925722697902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753516664200, updateTime=1753516664200, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925714309293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=tui0IVO9FMwB61HHtX5scg==, createTime=1753516664198, updateTime=1753516664198, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925735280816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753516664203, updateTime=1753516664203, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155895925731086511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155836763751993353, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753516664202, updateTime=1753516664202, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=中国安全科学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=China Safety Science Journal, journalPhotoCn=fkqsFM6VKlHC4gCtS5XqTw==, journalPhotoEn=SHn9HgqSxtJrOcAxqD++4Q==, journalFirstLetter=C, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=1, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=null, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0839, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/EN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0839, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/PDF/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0839, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/EN/PDF/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0839, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于Apriori算法的氢安全事故统计分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
于溪芮 , 何旭 , 孔得朋 **
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024,34(4): 128-134
收起
收藏切换
中国安全科学学报 | 安全工程技术 2024, 34(4): 128-134
基于Apriori算法的氢安全事故统计分析
全屏
于溪芮 , 何旭, 孔得朋**
作者信息
  • 中国石油大学(华东) 机电工程学院,山东 青岛 266580
  • 于溪芮 (1998—),女,山东潍坊人,硕士研究生,研究方向为油气安全工程及应急。E-mail:

通讯作者:

**孔得朋(1985—),男,山东肥城人,博士,教授,主要从事油气及新能源的安全利用等方面的研究。E-mail:
Apriori algorithm-based statistical analysis of hydrogen accidents
Xirui YU , Xu HE, Depeng KONG**
Affiliations
  • College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao Shandong 266580,China
出版时间: 2024-04-28 doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0839
文章导航
收藏切换

为探究氢安全事故不同特征因素间的相关性,以827起涉及氢气系统的安全事故为数据集,统计分析事故时间、应用阶段、点火源、事故致因及事故后果等特征因素。首先,构建事故致因的关联规则网络,讨论事故致因相关性;然后,交互分析事故致因和事故后果,明确事故因果关系;最后,基于Apriori算法挖掘氢安全事故的6类特征因素的关联规则。结果表明:氢安全事故中设备失效与设计错误、操作错误与意外反应等6个事故致因组合相关性最高;未点燃的氢气释放与压力释放装置、通风系统等8个因素强关联,氢火灾与螺栓、自燃等9个因素强关联,氢爆炸与制氢、电火花、压缩机等5个因素强关联。

Apriori算法  /  关联规则  /  氢安全事故  /  统计分析  /  事故致因  /  交互分析

To explore the correlation between different characteristic factors of hydrogen accidents,827 safety accidents involving hydrogen systems were used as the data set to statistically analyze the characteristic factors such as accident date,application stage,ignition source,accident causes and consequences. First,a network of association rules for accident causation was constructed to discuss accident causation relevance. Then,the causes and consequences of the accident were analyzed interactively. Finally,Apriori algorithm-based association rule mining was performed on six types of characteristic factors of hydrogen accidents. The results show that six accident causation combinations,such as equipment failure and design error,operational error and accidental reaction,are the most highly correlated among hydrogen safety accidents. Unignited hydrogen release is strongly associated with eight factors,like pressure relief devices and ventilation systems. Hydrogen fires are strongly associated with nine factors,like bolts and spontaneous combustion. And hydrogen explosions are strongly associated with five factors,like hydrogen production,electrical sparks,and compressors.

Apriori algorithm  /  association rule  /  hydrogen accidents  /  statistical analysis  /  accident causation  /  interaction analysis
于溪芮, 何旭, 孔得朋. 基于Apriori算法的氢安全事故统计分析. 中国安全科学学报, 2024 , 34 (4) : 128 -134 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0839
Xirui YU, Xu HE, Depeng KONG. Apriori algorithm-based statistical analysis of hydrogen accidents[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024 , 34 (4) : 128 -134 . DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0839
氢能作为一种清洁无碳、灵活高效的二次能源,在低碳发展和能源转型的大背景下,是助力实现双碳目标的有效途径。目前,世界各国已将氢能纳入国家战略,并取得相当大的技术优势,我国氢能也实现了产业链的全面发展。由于氢气点火能低、爆炸极限宽,易发生燃爆事故,尤其是在高压存储的氢能基础设施中,给人员生命安全和社会经济效益带来极大威胁。如2019年,韩国江原道氢气储罐爆炸导致多个储罐被摧毁,百米内建筑物严重受损,造成8人伤亡[1];2020年,美国北卡州朗维尤一家氢燃料电池工厂发生爆炸,导致附近60处房屋受损[2]。统计历史事故、探究事故特征有助于提高氢系统安全水平,相关经验教训也可用于风险评估研究。
针对国内外氢能事故屡见不鲜这一现状,国外建立了专门用于氢气系统的事故数据库,如欧盟委员会联合研究中心的氢事件和事故数据库(Hydrogen Incident and Accident Database,HIAD)[3]与美国能源部支持的氢气事故报告数据库H2 Tools[4]。其他数据库如日本高压气体安全协会开发的数据库(Ko-atsugasu Hoan Kyokai,KHK)[5]及国内化工事故网站也报告了近年来的氢事故案例,但这些数据库涵盖广泛,并不是专门为氢气系统构建的。目前,已有诸多学者基于各种数据库开展了氢事故统计分析研究,如MIRZA等[6]基于H2 Tools分析了32起氢气事故的原因和后果,并制定了风险检查表;杨福源等[7]基于H2 Tools分析了1999—2019年的120起氢气事故,获得了地点、设施、原因和事故影响的统计数据。2017年,欧盟委员会联合研究中心开发了新版HIAD 2.0[8]后,JENNIFER等[9]评估并分类了HIAD 2.0中700多起事件,提出的经验教训和建议为氢气系统的安全性作出了重要贡献。然而,以往事故分析研究大多只评估单个事故因素特征,对因素间的依赖性和关联性讨论尚有不足。
实际上,氢气事故可归因于许多风险因素,且各因素间有着复杂的联系。目前,对事故因素关联性挖掘与事故因果分析已被广泛应用于事故描述、预测和预防,如基于聚类方法、关联规则、自然语言处理等算法的事故特征探究。如景国勋[10]、王艾迪[11]、冯胤伟[12]等分别基于煤矿安全事故、危险品运输事故和船舶碰撞事故分析了事故因素的关联规则,这些成果可为将其引入氢事故特征因素研究提供借鉴。鉴于此,笔者拟在氢安全事故数据的统计基础上,基于网络分析和Apriori算法挖掘氢气事故特征因素间的关联规则,探究事故因果交互关系,以期为我国氢安全事故的分析研判和风险规避提供依据。
通过查询欧盟HIAD 2.0、美国H2 Tools、日本KHK以及我国安全管理网、化学品事故信息网和化工安全人,共采集864例国内外氢安全事故数据,剔除信息不完整的事故,最终得到有效事故827例。根据H2 Tools的事故原因分类方法[46]和“人-机-料-法”分析法,将事故原因分为4大类15小类。此外,按照除原因外的其他属性指标详细分类了氢安全事故,如发生时间、区域、应用阶段、点火源、失效设备、物理后果、伤亡人数等,这些信息基本上详细描述了事件的各个方面。
Apriori算法是基于数据挖掘的关联规则分析方法,旨在找到满足最小支持度和置信度的频繁项集,从中生成关联规则,用于事故预测和风险控制[13]。文中选择的所有事件属性被设置为事务集T,这些属性被称为项集X[14]。关联规则有支持度(Support)、置信度(Confident)和提升度(Lift)3个关键指标,概念和公式定义如下:
规则支持度是T中同时发生A和B的项集数量与项集总数的比率,其中,A为关联前项,B为关联后项,P为概率。
S u p p o r t ( A B ) = S u p p o r t ( A B ) = P ( A B )
规则置信度是T中同时具有A和B的项集数与仅具有A的项集数的比率,指在A发生的条件下B发生的概率。
C o n f i d e n t ( A B ) = S u p p o r t ( A B ) S u p p o r t ( A ) = P ( B | A )
提升度是规则置信度与B的支持度的比率,反映A和B在关联规则中的相关性。Lift>1时,表明A与B呈正相关,Lift值越高,正相关效应越显著。
L i f t = C o n f i d e n t ( A B ) S u p p o r t ( B ) = P ( B | A ) P ( B )
基于Apriori算法,挖掘氢安全事故的5类特征因素,具体如下。
氢安全事故数随时间的分布如图1所示。1970年,BOCKRIS等[15]提出氢经济概念,氢经济作为一小部分低碳经济开始发展。1990年之前涉氢事故多为传统的工业用氢事故,车用氢能产业链事故较少,这是由于国外氢能行业尚在发展初期。随着1990年全球首家太阳能制氢厂投入运营,国外氢能行业进入高速发展,采用氢燃料电池供电的发动机Type 212 submarine与无人水下航行器DeepC相继问世。然而,氢能行业发展初期经验不足、技术不过关等原因致使事故数显著上升,直到2010年以后才呈现递减趋势。一方面是因为石化行业改进了安全设计和操作规定,另一方面是国内外颁布了各种氢能法案和计划,规范的氢能管理体系逐渐建立。
各领域的氢安全事故发生频率如图2所示。在827起氢安全事故中,石化行业涉氢事故有413起,约占事故总数的一半。加氢裂化装置、催化重整装置、合成氨装置等是石化系统中氢气反应的重要区域,尤其是临氢条件下的工艺环境,爆炸风险较大。车用氢能产业链事故有253起,占事故总数的30.6%。其中,上游制氢事故有57起,由于化石能源重整制氢、工业副产氢及电解水制氢等工艺在石化行业已有数十年的应用实践,故事故数较少。运氢事故有67起,由于储氢瓶容量大、压力高,且钢制设备存在氢脆现象,氢气极易泄漏引发射流火或物理爆炸。此外,公路运氢存在车辆碰撞风险,由氢管拖车碰撞、翻倒引起的氢气泄漏事故有13例。
加氢站事故有73起,集中在储氢和加氢环节。加氢时,由于人员操作频繁,加氢机和软管等疲劳或磨损导致的设备失效风险较高,且国际上很多加氢站为自助式加氢,这种方式大大增加了误操作的概率。目前,氢燃料电堆可靠性低、成本高、供应链薄弱等问题仍制约着氢燃料电池车的规模化发展,相应地,交通事故比较少,且大多为车辆碰撞事故,并非氢气泄漏导致的燃爆事故。
关于点火源的分类,国内外没有统一的标准[16]。根据DENNIS等[17]提出的点火源分类原则,将179起已知点火源的氢燃爆事故分为7大类,类型及频数如图3所示。频数最高的点火源是电火花,其中,由于短路或漏电而产生火花与电弧的情况占57.5%。其次是静电,工业中物料流动、旋转、运输以及氢气压缩均易产生静电积累。由氢气自燃引发的事故有25起,其中,高压氢气泄漏喷射火自燃占24%,化学反应放热导致的自燃占20%。除此之外,由摩擦热或火花导致的火灾爆炸事故有22起,明火18起,热表面19起,切割和焊接15起。
氢安全事故致因的频数分布如图4所示。技术/机械因素是引发氢安全事故最重要的原因,占事故总数的66.3%。其中,由于磨损、腐蚀、扭矩不当或疲劳等原因造成的设备失效是最显著的促成因素;其次是设计缺陷,其在氢气系统中主要表现为机械零件尺寸和结构设计不合理、缺少氢气探测设备、材料不相容、通风设计不足等。
人为因素和组织/管理因素对事故也有很重要的贡献,分别占事故总数的48.5%和33%。人为因素主要表现为人员操作失误或违规操作,态势感知、错误决策和沟通不当对事故的促成影响相对较低。在组织/管理因素中,占比最高的因素是程序缺陷和意外反应,程序缺陷多发生于新建或改建的氢能基础设施,通常表现为运维程序不完善、缺乏正确的操作规程或风险评估流程;而意外反应多发生在涉及多种物质处理的石化化工行业,这类工艺比较复杂,包含多种易发生化学反应的物料。涉及环境因素的氢安全事故较少,通常由极端的低温天气引起。
氢安全事故物理后果与伤亡影响耦合的分析如图5所示。氢气泄漏事故是氢事故中最频发的事故类型,氢气一旦泄漏,发展成火灾和爆炸的概率极高,分别为33%和46.4%。
由于数据集涵盖化工厂、炼油厂、燃煤电厂等传统工业,涉及氢、汽柴油、苯、硫化氢等危险化学物质,因此,很多重大事故通常涉及多米诺效应。如2008年一家加氢站的压力开关焊接失效导致氢气泄漏,氢气火灾破坏了周围压缩机部件,引发压缩机油泄漏加剧火灾[18]。基于多米诺效应的定义和特征[19],根据事故报告所体现的有关后果升级的明确证据,提取涉及多米诺事故88起。由图5可知:氢气爆炸事故的伤亡率为51.2%,多米诺事故为38.6%。然而,伍星光[20]的研究表明:油库事故伤亡率仅为4.7%,杨福源等[7]的统计数据显示,氢气事故的死亡率是天然气事故的2倍,可见氢气事故的后果是极其严重的。
运用Apriori算法挖掘氢安全事故特征因素间的关联性,并采用SPSS软件构建事故致因网络,初判事故原因两两之间的关联关系,关联性越强,链接程度越强,氢安全事故致因关联网络如图6所示。
相关性最高的6个事故致因组合见表1。设备失效与设计错误同时出现的频次最高,意味着设计存在缺陷容易导致设备可靠性低,表现为组件变形失效、断裂、磨损或腐蚀;设备失效与操作错误、维护缺陷之间也存在较高的关联性,说明人员误操作、不按规程操作及维护不良都会造成设备失效。操作错误与意外反应、程序缺陷、培训问题之间的链接程度较强,这意味着程序缺陷、培训教育不到位是人员频繁误操作的重要促成因素。通过构建事故致因网络进行关联性分析,事故防范应重点从系统的机械设计、运维程序与人员的培训教育角度考虑,从而有效扼制氢气事件和事故的发生。
交互分析事故致因和事故后果,有助于探索不同促成因素在不同物理后果事故中的表现特征,明确事故因果关系。不同事故后果对应的促成因素频率分布如图7所示;不同促成因素下各事故后果的相对发生频率如图8所示。由图7可知:引发氢火灾事故的主要原因是设备失效、异常操作,而引发氢爆炸事故的主要原因是异常操作、设备失效、设计缺陷及意外反应。由图8可知:69.51%的涉及意外反应的事故被归类于爆炸事故,表明意外反应更倾向于引发爆炸事故。此外,决策错误、沟通不当更倾向于引发无氢气释放的事故;极端天气更倾向于引发未点燃的氢气释放事故;而意外反应、异常操作、态势感知、设备失效、设计缺陷、程序缺陷等因素更倾向于引发爆炸事故。
图7图8反映了促成因素和事故后果之间的频率交互关系,但并未反映某因素存在与否对于引发某类后果事故的风险。因此,通过提升度分析进一步综合性地探讨不同事故致因对于不同事故后果的影响程度,事故原因与物理后果提升度分析如图9所示。由图9可知:与无氢气释放、未点燃的氢气释放事故存在正相关性的因素较少,与火灾、爆炸、多米诺事故存在正相关性的因素比较多。以Lift=1.30为强相关性界限,可以看出,极端天气、制造缺陷与无氢气释放事故的正相关效应较显著,沟通不当、决策错误与未点燃的氢气释放事故的正相关效应较显著,监督检查不足、维护不足与火灾事故的正相关效应显著,意外反应、培训问题与爆炸事故的正相关效应显著,维护不当、设计缺陷、沟通不当、态势感知与多米诺事故的正相关效应显著。这些分析结果有利于氢安全事故预防和安全管理的有效决策,也可为后续事故因果关系综合性建模提供数据支持。
挖掘事故环节、事故失效设备、点火源、氢气状态与事故物理后果5类特征因素的强关联规则,关联规则生成数目与参数阈值设定密切相关,阈值太低会导致生成规则过多而无法有效筛选,阈值太高则会导致生成规则过少即部分重要信息被过滤。经多次调试,最终设定最小置信度为0.30,最小支持度为0.03,最小提升度为1,生成49条强关联规则。按提升度对生成的强关联规则排序,提取前24条规则见表2
无氢气释放与氢燃料电池车、交通具有强关联规则,表示与氢燃料电池车相关的交通事故,更倾向于不会引起氢气泄漏,而可能仅仅是设备故障或失效。结合事故报告验证强关联规则的有效性和真实性,其在实际案例中多表现为燃料电池车与其他车辆或护栏、柱子等碰撞导致的车身受损。未点燃的氢气释放与压力释放装置、高压气瓶、加氢站、通风/排气系统等因素强关联,说明当安全阀、爆破片及排气管线此类设施发生意外故障或因压力过载而破裂时,氢气通常通过这些设施泄漏并迅速扩散,不易引起火灾爆炸事故,尤其是空间开阔的加氢站。
反观火灾和爆炸的强关联规则项,多为热交换器、管道、压缩机等制氢阶段或传统工业氢气系统的相关因素,此类设施工艺复杂,潜在点火源种类多,且所处环境多为受限或半受限空间,氢气一旦泄漏,极易引发燃爆事故,符合事故致因过程。同理,其他强关联规则也可以得到相应的事故致因验证。根据得到的事故多维因素关联规则并结合实例分析,现有的氢基础设施存在设备部件故障频率高、员工技能薄弱、安全管理不到位等问题,且制氢与工业用氢环节中的受限、半受限环境极易发生氢燃爆事故及多米诺事故。建议加强氢基础设施的设备设计、制造及安装过程中的规范与监管力度,提高涉氢工艺员工的安全及应急技能,严格控制受限、半受限环境中的点火源种类及数量,提高氢气的监测与预警能力,做好应急响应及恢复工作。
1) 工业用氢事故依然占据氢安全事故的主要地位,其主要失效设备为管道、阀门、压缩机、储罐、加氢反应器与换热器;车用氢能产业链事故仅占氢安全事故总数的30.6%,阀门/法兰/接头、氢管拖车、管道及储氢罐是最容易发生故障的设备。此外,爆炸事故的伤亡事故率高达51.2%,多米诺事故则高达38.6%,其事故后果的严重性远高于油库事故和天然气事故。
2) 通过事故致因网络图分析与事故因果交互分析,得到相关性最高的6组事故致因组合,并量化了事故因果关系及不同促成因素对于引发不同后果事故的相对风险。交互结果显示,意外反应和爆炸事故、维护不足和多米诺事故之间存在高相关性。因此,在事故防范工作中,应从系统的机械设计、运维程序与人员的培训教育角度重点管控。
3) 运用Apriori算法挖掘氢安全事故5类特征因素间的关联性,获取49条强关联规则。这些规则有利于进行合理有效的分析研判和风险规避,提升氢事故预测和预防工作的针对性。此外,生成的关联规则还可用于确定后续高风险场景库构建的静态参数,为其提供数据支持和理论依据。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB4000905)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
中国化学品安全协会. 韩国江原道一工厂氢气爆炸致2人死亡[EB/OL].(2019-05-24). https://www.chemicalsafety.org.cn/article/we07q275qggnmxod. https://www.chemicalsafety.org.cn/article/we07q275qggnmxod
[2]
氢启未来,美国加氢站再次爆炸,60间房屋被毁!氢燃料安全再敲警钟[EB/OL].(2021-01-20). https://h2weilai.com/cms/index/shows/catid/29/id/962.html. https://h2weilai.com/cms/index/shows/catid/29/id/962.html
[3]
KIRCHSTEIGER C, ARELLANO A V, FUNNEMARK E. Towards establishing an international hydrogen incidents and accidents database (HIAD)[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2007, 20(1): 98-107.
[4]
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Department of energy. Hydrogen tools[EB/OL].(2019-02-23). https://h2tools.org/lessons?search_api_fulltext=. https://h2tools.org/lessons?search_api_fulltext=
[5]
The High Pressure Gas Safety Institute of Japan. 事故信息|高压气体安全协会[EB/OL].(2024-02-28). https://www.khk.or.jp/public_information/incident_investigation/index.html. https://www.khk.or.jp/public_information/incident_investigation/index.html
[6]
MIRZA N R, DEGENKOLBE S, WITT W. Analysis of hydrogen incidents to support risk assessment[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2011, 36(18): 12 068-12 077.
[7]
YANG Fuyuan, WANG Tianze, DENG Xintao, et al. Review on hydrogen safety issues: Incident statistics, hydrogen diffusion, and detonation process[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46(61): 31 467-31 488.
[8]
MELIDEO D, WEN J X, MORETTO P. HIAD 2.0-hydrogen incident and accident database[C]. International Conference on Hydrogen Safety, 2019: 209-213.
[9]
WEN J X, MARONO M, MORETTO P, et al. Statistics, lessons learned and recommendations from analysis of HIAD 2.0 database[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, 47(38): 17 082-17 096.
[10]
景国勋, 秦洪利, 蒋方. 基于Apriori算法的煤矿安全事故分析[J/OL]. 安全与环境学报: 1-9.[2023-09-11].https://doi.org/10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2023.1305.
JING Guoxun, QIN Hongli, JIANG Fang. Coal mine safety accident analysis based on Apriori algorithm[J/OL]. Journal of Safety and Environment: 1-9.[2023-09-11].https://doi.org/10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2023.1305.
[11]
王艾迪, 邢莹莹, 张诗雯, 等. 基于关联规则的危险品公路运输事故风险因素研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(6): 159-165.
WANG Aidi, XING Yingying, ZHANG Shiwen, et al. Research on risk factors of hazardous material highway transport accidents based on association rules[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(6): 159-165.
[12]
冯胤伟, 刘正江, 蒋子怡, 等. 基于关联规则挖掘和复杂网络理论的船舶碰撞事故影响因素分析[J]. 大连海事大学学报, 2023, 49(3): 31-44.
FENG Yinwei, LIU Zhengjiang, JIANG Ziyi, et al. Anaylsis of factors affecting ship collisions based on association rule mining and complex network theory[J]. Journal of Dalian Maritime University, 2023, 49(3): 31-44.
[13]
况宇琦, 赵挺生, 蒋灵, 等. 塔式起重机事故案例关联规则挖掘与分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(7): 137-142.
KUANG Yuqi, ZHAO Tingsheng, JIANG Ling, et al. Mining and analysis of association rules in tower crane accident cases[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(7): 137-142.
[14]
杨利超, 刘敬贤, 刘钊, 等. 价值衰减下水上交通事故致因关联规则挖掘[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(10): 127-134.
YANG Lichao, LIU Jingxian, LIU Zhao, et al. Association rules mining of water traffic accidents causation under value attenuation[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 32(10): 127-134.
[15]
BOCKRIS J O M, LIN G H, PACKHAM N J C. A review of the investigations of the fleischmann-pons phenomena[J]. Fusion Technology, 1990, 18(1): 11-31.
[16]
YUAN Zhi, KHAKZAD N, KHAN F, et al. Dust explosions: a threat to the process industries[J]. Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers Process Safety Environmental Protection, Part B, 2015, 98: 57-71.
[17]
NOLAN D P. Handbook of fire and explosion protection engineering principles for oil, gas, chemical, and related facilities:characteristics of hazardous material releases, fires, and explosions[M]. Norwich: William Andrew, 2019: 89-121.
[18]
Tools h,hydrogen explosion in hydrodesulfurization reactor outlet piping[EB/OL].(2017-09-25). https://h2tools.org/lessons/hydrogen-explosion-hydrodesulfurization-reactor-outlet-piping. https://h2tools.org/lessons/hydrogen-explosion-hydrodesulfurization-reactor-outlet-piping
[19]
RENIERS G, COZZANI V. Domino effects in the process industries: modelling, prevention and managing[M]. Brussels: Newnes, 2013: 176-188.
[20]
伍星光. 基于安全屏障的油库事故分析和风险评估研究[D]. 北京: 中国石油大学(北京), 2020.
WU Xingguang. Study on accident analysis and risk assessment for oil depot based on safety barrier[D]. Beijing: China University of Petroleum-Beijing, 2020.
2024年第34卷第4期
PDF下载
336
132
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0839
  • 接收时间:2023-12-12
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2024-04-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-12
  • 修回日期:2024-03-14
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB4000905)
作者信息
    中国石油大学(华东) 机电工程学院,山东 青岛 266580

通讯作者:

**孔得朋(1985—),男,山东肥城人,博士,教授,主要从事油气及新能源的安全利用等方面的研究。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgaqkxxb/CN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0839
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏