Article(id=1149738958399124268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738954913661267, articleNumber=1003-3033(2024)04-0153-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.0549, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699891200000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-14, revisedDate=1705507200000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752048728798, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1714233600000, pubDateStr=2024-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752048728798, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752048728798, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752048728798, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149738954913661267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, year='2024', volume='34', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='252', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752048727968, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756468927830, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1168278616925286857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738954913661267, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1168278616925286858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, issueId=1149738954913661267, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=153, endPage=159, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149738958566896430, articleId=1149738958399124268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, language=EN, title=Research on influencing factors of subway station fire evacuation based on 24Model-D-ISM, columnId=1149733270084042840, journalTitle=China Safety Science Journal, columnName=Public safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
In order to prevent fire accidents in subway stations and deeply understand the internal relations and hierarchical structure among the influencing factors of fire evacuation in subway stations,63 fire evacuation accidents in subway stations were analyzed based on the sixth edition of 24Model,and the interaction among various factors was fully considered,and 19 key factors affecting fire evacuation in subway stations were extracted to establish an index system of influencing factors of fire evacuation in subway stations. C-OWA was used to improve DEMATEL to determine the important influencing factors of fire evacuation in subway stations. On this basis,ISM was used to analyze the hierarchical structure and interaction path of various factors,and a multi-level hierarchical structure model of the influencing factors of subway station fire evacuation was constructed. Research results show that evacuation guidance,panic herd behavior and crowded people are the key influencing factors for the evacuation of people in subway station fires. The evacuation of fire personnel in the subway station is influenced by surface factors,intermediate factors and deep factors. Among them,evacuation education and training,facilities maintenance and inspection,evacuation plan and other factors are the root causes. Paying attention to the improvement of root causes was conducive to preventing and controlling accidents in essence.
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为预防地铁站火灾事故,深入了解地铁站火灾人员疏散影响因素间的内在联系与层次结构,基于第6版“2-4”模型(24Model)分析63起地铁站火灾疏散事故,充分考虑各个因素之间的交互作用,提取19个影响地铁站人员疏散的关键因素,建立地铁站火灾人员疏散影响因素指标体系;采用算子客观赋权法(C-OWA)改进决策试验与评价实验法(DEMATEL),确定地铁站火灾人员疏散的重要影响因素;在此基础上,采用解释结构模型(ISM)分析各个因素间的层次结构及相互作用路径,构建地铁站火灾人员疏散影响因素的多级递阶结构模型。研究结果表明:疏散引导、恐慌从众行为、人员拥挤为地铁站火灾人员疏散的关键影响因素;地铁站火灾人员疏散受表层因素、中间层因素、深层因素共同作用的影响,其中,疏散教育与培训、设施维护与检查、疏散预案等因素是根源影响因素,重视根源影响因素的改善有利于从本质上预防和控制事故的发生。
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1 College of Emergency Science and Engineering,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun Jilin 130118,China
2 Institute of Accident Prevention Science,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun Jilin 130118,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1168150767539069112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958399124268, authorId=1168150767320965297, language=CN, stringName=孙世梅, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 吉林建筑大学 应急科学与工程学院,吉林 长春 130118
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孙世梅 (1966—),女,吉林磐石人,博士,教授,主要从事行为安全与事故预防等方面的研究。E-mail:sunshir@163.com。
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孙世梅 (1966—),女,吉林磐石人,博士,教授,主要从事行为安全与事故预防等方面的研究。E-mail:sunshir@163.com。
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1 吉林建筑大学 应急科学与工程学院,吉林 长春 130118
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1 College of Emergency Science and Engineering,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun Jilin 130118,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168150767148998823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958399124268, companyId=1168150767086084260, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 吉林建筑大学 应急科学与工程学院,吉林 长春 130118)]), AuthorCompany(id=1168150767258050732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958399124268, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168150767262245037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958399124268, companyId=1168150767258050732, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 Institute of Accident Prevention Science,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun Jilin 130118,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1168150767266439342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958399124268, companyId=1168150767258050732, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 吉林建筑大学 事故预防科学研究院,吉林 长春 130118)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1168150769086767323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958399124268, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Evacuation index system of fire personnel in subway stations, figureFileSmall=hOH/YAznnz/FVfTysuRUaQ==, figureFileBig=+lswcTS8tMhFsvChz51FZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150769145487580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958399124268, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
地铁站火灾人员疏散指标体系, figureFileSmall=hOH/YAznnz/FVfTysuRUaQ==, figureFileBig=+lswcTS8tMhFsvChz51FZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150769200013534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958399124268, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Attribute diagram of influencing factors of subway fire personnel evacuation, figureFileSmall=zKR+FlyidXnAfFbKtlfOsA==, figureFileBig=znGwnj9qHMPjGVkryutlwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150769275511008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958399124268, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
地铁火灾人员疏散影响因素属性, figureFileSmall=zKR+FlyidXnAfFbKtlfOsA==, figureFileBig=znGwnj9qHMPjGVkryutlwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150769330036962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958399124268, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Multi-level hierarchical structure model of influencing factors of fire evacuation in subway station, figureFileSmall=d3gqEbA06nxjjc3iBzhtpQ==, figureFileBig=lu8nzSe1y+tinGMWNqJyQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150769409728740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958399124268, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
地铁站火灾人员疏散影响因素多级递阶结构模型, figureFileSmall=d3gqEbA06nxjjc3iBzhtpQ==, figureFileBig=lu8nzSe1y+tinGMWNqJyQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1168150769472643302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958399124268, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Analysis of subway fire evacuation accident based on 24Model
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 原因板块 | 原因类型 | 原因分析 |
| 个体动作 | 个体的不 安全动作 | 人员蓄意或非自住纵火、违规操作、员工作业过程失误、员工遭遇火险处理不当、乘客非适应性疏散行为(恐慌、应激等)、员工未及时检修故障电气设施;电气设备老化故障、易燃可燃材料、疏散设施损坏(应急广播、照明等)、障碍物堵塞 |
| 个体能力 | 个体安全 能力不足 | 地铁员工缺乏火灾应急处置和基本防火知识、作业人员无视安全规范、作业人员长期违章作业、管理人员隐患排查不重视、员工不清楚消防设施使用规范、消防管理知识匮乏 |
| 管理体系 | 安全管理 体系欠缺 | 消防安全职责执行不到位、日常防火管理不到位、消防设施管理不到位、消防演练不到位、消防宣传教育培训不到位 |
| 组织文化 | 安全文化 | 安全融入管理、管理层的负责程度、安全部门的作用、安全培训需求、安全制度的执行方式 |
), ArticleFig(id=1168150769560723687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958399124268, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
基于24Model的地铁火灾疏散事故原因分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 原因板块 | 原因类型 | 原因分析 |
| 个体动作 | 个体的不 安全动作 | 人员蓄意或非自住纵火、违规操作、员工作业过程失误、员工遭遇火险处理不当、乘客非适应性疏散行为(恐慌、应激等)、员工未及时检修故障电气设施;电气设备老化故障、易燃可燃材料、疏散设施损坏(应急广播、照明等)、障碍物堵塞 |
| 个体能力 | 个体安全 能力不足 | 地铁员工缺乏火灾应急处置和基本防火知识、作业人员无视安全规范、作业人员长期违章作业、管理人员隐患排查不重视、员工不清楚消防设施使用规范、消防管理知识匮乏 |
| 管理体系 | 安全管理 体系欠缺 | 消防安全职责执行不到位、日常防火管理不到位、消防设施管理不到位、消防演练不到位、消防宣传教育培训不到位 |
| 组织文化 | 安全文化 | 安全融入管理、管理层的负责程度、安全部门的作用、安全培训需求、安全制度的执行方式 |
), ArticleFig(id=1168150769640415465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958399124268, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
DEMATEL calculation results
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响 因素 | 中心度 | 原因度 | 影响度 | 被影 响度 | 中心度 排序 | 因素 属性 |
| K1 | 2.730 | -2.125 | 0.303 | 2.428 | 4 | 结果 |
| K2 | 2.257 | -1.493 | 0.382 | 1.875 | 8 | 结果 |
| K3 | 2.972 | -1.500 | 0.736 | 2.236 | 2 | 结果 |
| K4 | 2.426 | -1.425 | 0.501 | 1.926 | 6 | 结果 |
| K5 | 1.188 | 0.956 | 1.072 | 0.116 | 15 | 原因 |
| K6 | 1.129 | 0.897 | 1.013 | 0.116 | 18 | 原因 |
| K7 | 1.313 | 1.080 | 1.196 | 0.116 | 13 | 原因 |
| K8 | 0.588 | 0.469 | 0.529 | 0.059 | 19 | 原因 |
| K9 | 1.226 | 0.593 | 0.910 | 0.317 | 14 | 原因 |
| K10 | 2.597 | -0.505 | 1.046 | 1.551 | 5 | 结果 |
| K11 | 1.835 | 1.248 | 1.542 | 0.293 | 12 | 原因 |
| K12 | 3.391 | -1.063 | 1.164 | 2.227 | 1 | 结果 |
| K13 | 1.143 | 0.288 | 0.716 | 0.428 | 17 | 原因 |
| K14 | 2.055 | 1.563 | 1.809 | 0.246 | 9 | 原因 |
| K15 | 1.985 | 1.163 | 1.574 | 0.411 | 10 | 原因 |
| K16 | 1.891 | 1.270 | 1.581 | 0.311 | 11 | 原因 |
| K17 | 2.956 | -1.137 | 0.910 | 2.047 | 3 | 结果 |
| K18 | 1.176 | 1.085 | 1.130 | 0.046 | 16 | 原因 |
| K19 | 2.297 | -1.364 | 0.467 | 1.830 | 7 | 结果 |
), ArticleFig(id=1168150769728495851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031787341344770, articleId=1149738958399124268, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
DEMATEL计算结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响 因素 | 中心度 | 原因度 | 影响度 | 被影 响度 | 中心度 排序 | 因素 属性 |
| K1 | 2.730 | -2.125 | 0.303 | 2.428 | 4 | 结果 |
| K2 | 2.257 | -1.493 | 0.382 | 1.875 | 8 | 结果 |
| K3 | 2.972 | -1.500 | 0.736 | 2.236 | 2 | 结果 |
| K4 | 2.426 | -1.425 | 0.501 | 1.926 | 6 | 结果 |
| K5 | 1.188 | 0.956 | 1.072 | 0.116 | 15 | 原因 |
| K6 | 1.129 | 0.897 | 1.013 | 0.116 | 18 | 原因 |
| K7 | 1.313 | 1.080 | 1.196 | 0.116 | 13 | 原因 |
| K8 | 0.588 | 0.469 | 0.529 | 0.059 | 19 | 原因 |
| K9 | 1.226 | 0.593 | 0.910 | 0.317 | 14 | 原因 |
| K10 | 2.597 | -0.505 | 1.046 | 1.551 | 5 | 结果 |
| K11 | 1.835 | 1.248 | 1.542 | 0.293 | 12 | 原因 |
| K12 | 3.391 | -1.063 | 1.164 | 2.227 | 1 | 结果 |
| K13 | 1.143 | 0.288 | 0.716 | 0.428 | 17 | 原因 |
| K14 | 2.055 | 1.563 | 1.809 | 0.246 | 9 | 原因 |
| K15 | 1.985 | 1.163 | 1.574 | 0.411 | 10 | 原因 |
| K16 | 1.891 | 1.270 | 1.581 | 0.311 | 11 | 原因 |
| K17 | 2.956 | -1.137 | 0.910 | 2.047 | 3 | 结果 |
| K18 | 1.176 | 1.085 | 1.130 | 0.046 | 16 | 原因 |
| K19 | 2.297 | -1.364 | 0.467 | 1.830 | 7 | 结果 |
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